White, pink. Black grape varieties man uses for different purposes. In the country areas, grapes are mainly grown for consumption in the fresh form, the manufacture of juices and fragrant homemade wine. To get a good harvest, it is necessary to explore not only the rules for planting and care, but also to learn the weak places of plants, their enemies and illness. To the attention of site visitors We offer a series of articles on pests and diseases of grapes to help learn timely to warn the disease and assist their garden pets. Each article describes in detail several diseases and methods of effective struggle.

Indirect diseases

These are grape diseases caused by poor growing conditions, and not a vital activity of harmful living organisms.

Chlorosis

There is an infectious (about this below, in another section). In chlorosis, the leaves are losing the green color due to the synthesis of chlorophyll - green pigment. Other pigments in chromoplasts are preserved, so the leaves acquire light yellow, creamy, whites color. Caused by a lack of iron in the plant. At the same time, the plaque itself turns yellow, the veins remain green for some time. To test the diagnosis we apply to a sheet of iron chelate solution (lemon and iron) strip, sign or symbol. Considate hours at the place of applying a leaf green.

Most often, the causes of noncommunicable chlorosis are as follows:

• Saltling of the soil.
• Excess moisture.
• Excessive, compared with iron, content in the soil of copper, manganese, phosphorus, lime.

In such conditions, the absorption of iron from the soil is disturbed, which leads to chlorose. The chlorosis of grapes is treated with 3-4 extraordinary feeders with solutions of iron preparations, cheaper than all - iron vitriors. It is convenient to combine feeding with other trace elements, stimulating and therapeutic drugs.

Drought

In the viticulture zone, there is no proper amount of moisture for plants. The lack of water is externally expressed like this.

Shoot - Height and development slow down sharply, the crowns in downturn, dried, dry.

Mustache -rustly, dry, starting with the ends, disappear.

Leaves -massly yellow, starting with the edges of the lower leaves, can thicken, curls, fall.

Berries -early spring marking falls. When drought in the phase of the pea - fade and dry, starting below the bunches. Drought in the phase of the pouring causes a characteristic defeat: the darkening and acquisition of brown painting part of the berry, as if the pressed nail. When removing the skin inside is healthy. As a result, berries dry out like raisin, but alas, become inedible.

Winter drought is accompanied by cracking soil, while small roots break.

Measures of struggle - watering and maintaining moisture available in the soil: mulching; Winter shelter; Small loosening in order to break the capillaries of the upper layer of the soil than imperative to evaporate. The root zone along specially covered tubes is preferable: more economically and more efficiently.

Sunburn

In the hottest months, grape clusters may overheat under sunlight. In the form of berries are similar to the covered boiling water, in the future, it is frozen and dried. When touched, they are noticeable hot. The leaves as under a preheated iron were visiting: dried with green, eventually raging. The leaves with damaged cutters suffer the first: they have a water supply to reduce the temperature difficult. All damage is only on the sunny side of the bush, while there is no such picture in infectious diseases. The bush is trying to defend, intensively evaporating water for cooling. It does not grow, does not accumulate nutrients.

Fight measures.The main thing is the presence of sufficient amount of water, therefore - watering, mulching, the destruction of the soil crust of the fur. processing. In the heat, we are moving all the freshest shoots "visor" on the sunny side. You can cover the injured borders to all that is available: newspapers, leaves, etc. There are no hesitates, wait with the guidance of beauty to the weather so much. When bookmark, choose such a width of the rods so that the ranks sufficiently shaded each other.

Infectious grapes

Mildew, (Falconic Rosa, Perosex)

Perhaps the most common disease. The causative agent winters in the soil and vegetable residues, resistant to any weather, persists 2-5 years, and the disputes are transferred to the wind to 100 km. In the spring of the Corps germinate, with the help of Jighikov in the smallest drops of moisture (dew, watering, rain) flow to the dust and germinate in the plants, where it is introduced into living cells, destroying them. Treatment with contact fungicides after germination of the mushroom inside the plant is ineffective.

After introducing inside the plant, thin threads of the fungus - gifs are developing, at night, the disturbed organs are extended. There are so much that for a person looks like easely gray raids on the bottom surface of the sheet. The upper part of the leaves acquires an oily shade, first small, with a light center, stains on the sheet increase, gradually merging.

On shoots, yellowish extended spots appear, gradually acquiring a storm painting. The amazed berries in dry weather - dried, in a wet - rot and moldsheet. With late infection of berries near the fruits, bluish gray reels appear, in the end of the berries are boxed, rot, fall. Possible full loss of crop.

Measures of struggle- multiple treatment of fungicides.

The first is carried out before the appearance of signs of the disease!

We use the rule of 3 dozen: temperature 10 ˚С, the length of the shoots is 10 cm, loss of 10 mm of precipitation. Conditions are made - it's time to handle. Subsequent processing - depending on the weather. In a favorable for illness, the number of treatments can reach 6-8 ...

Prevention.First of all, the selection of stable varieties. But it is not worth it too much, it does not remove the problem completely: in bad years, the development of the disease on stable and unstable varieties varies with the speed of distribution, a little more - severity and percentage of the crop. So processing, most likely, still have.

Oidium, or mildew of grapes.

With the beginning of the growth of grapes, there are lagging shoots, leaves. Such leaves are curly. Leaves, berries, borders look as if mowed flour, from where and the name of the disease. This fall is the finest rims of the mushroom. It is attached to the plant with special suckers, called apressories. Of these, the berries are enclosed by Gaustoria through which the fungus and feeds on. The growth of berries with the simultaneous destruction of the walls leads to ruptures, the seeds are taken off. At the edges of the GIF appear harshes, these pieces easily come off and transferred to the wind. Having come to other vines, germinate and infect new bushes.

With partial lesion, when part of the grapes is used on the wine, we need sorting with the selection of damaged berries. Otherwise, the wine will have a taste of mold, completely irrediable by connoisseurs ...

Combat measures of grapes.Proper, well-ventilated formation of grapes, the destruction of vegetation in the aisle helps to prevent or weaken the disease. Fungicides and copper preparations, helping Mildia, are not suitable for the treatment of mildew growing grapes. Excellent effect gives preparations of sulfur. The smaller the sulfur particles - the better. The powder sulfur for pollination must be kept correctly, so that it did not stick into the breast, necessarily in a dry place. The temperature is treated when processing. The air should be heated to 20 ° C, otherwise it does not work. At the same time, with a strong heat, burns are possible, in the hot summer we proceed landings in the morning or evening hours. It is good to use special pasta from colloidal sulfur, manufacturing the tank mixtures from Mildia and Oidium. In this case, save time and strength, reducing the number of treatments.

Antraznosis Vintage (bird eye, illness of geilds).

The disease is activated after heavy rains with a hail, hence one of the names. On the leaves, it is manifested by the occurrence of small dry brown spots, surrounded by a darker border. Later, the middle of the stains die, acquires gray, often breaks. Leaves become holes. On the shoots appear pressed spots with dark border, running dry, break. Such spots, gray-brown, depressed, with dark border appear on berries. A little bit like an image of a bird eye, which causes one more her name.

Fight measures.When infected with anthracnosis grapes, treatment is carried out by treating copper drugs or systemic fungicides. Disease is not in vain called diseases of gedials, after heavy rain with a hail immediately carry out treatment. Do not delay and despite the time after the previous one.

Grapes need our care, otherwise it is difficult to hope for a good harvest. It is clear, here enters only the spraying drugs. Proper landing, trimming, fertilizer, watering - everything matters. Strong, nutrient provided with nutrients, is better than any disease.

Fighting grape diseases - video

Often the dacnishes notice that the sheets are covered with holes of different sizes. It is especially concerned about those who use grape leaves in food and makes home billets with their use. However, in fact, anxiety should occur in any case, because this suggests that something bad happens with a plant, seriously affecting his full-fledged development. Such phenomena can significantly harm, changing the processes of life, which will postpone the formation of fruits, and may also spoil the grape bush at all and it will have to be removed.

Defeat by pests

Of course, first of all, you need to regularly spray grape plantings with drugs that allow prevent such a picture. With the direct appearance of insects, you should try to destroy them immediately. Processing is mainly performed by ready-made drugs sold in horticultural shops and solutions that can be prepared on the basis of what is at home. We are talking about organic substances. So, you can use the carbofos, to use "Fufanon", "Bi-58", "Spark", Omaith, "Confident", "Preparation 30", "Apollo", "Nitrafen", "Akkaricide", "Union", "Aktellik".

A spraying of boiling water is used as a primary means, watering the vine with a solution made on the basis of ash wood, mangall, a vitriol and even garlic mixture. However, all this is effective in the case of the initial stages of infection, a large number of individuals can be destroyed only by chemical preparations!

Grapes, in general, is considered quite hardy and uncomplicated by the plant. However, there are insects and diseases, very dangerous for him. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare in advance for possible troubles, familiar with the most famous pests.

Did you know? Statistical studies conducted by scientists show that the grape harvest from the impact of pests is reduced annually by at least a third, and in the event of adequate measures to prevent diseases, losses can reach half of the crop. Speech, of course, is about professional vineyards, while in the country area, incorrect care of grapes can completely destroy not only the harvest, but also the plant itself.

The stability of the grapes to pests and diseases directly depends on the variety of culture, however, the main enemies in all types of grapes are common, the difference consists only as a degree of manifestation of symptoms of the disease and the duration of the treatment procedure.

Fleece grape

- tiny insect, eating grape leaves, as well as many other plants. In appearance, this bug is similar to a diminished to the sizes of 0.5 cm of a jumping cockroach.
With the onset of spring, he subside young shoots and grape leaves, inflicting a serious blow to the plant, after which she puts out on the reverse side of healthy leaves from one to three dozen testicles. The hatched larvae immediately begin to eat the greens of grapes, causing the plant even greater damage.

Effective means of struggle With a grape flea is "carbofos" or other chemical preparations of a similar action, with the help of which the spraying of the blurred kidney of grapes is carried out. The procedure should be repeated as the new holes appear on the leaves indicating the activity of the pest.

This pest is a minor bright red butterfly, which begins the season of hunting for young grape leaves in the late spring and, as well as the grape flew, puts eggs on the back of the leaf of the plant.

The tiny caterpillars appearing later (they can be seen, looking through the leaf in the sun) "mining" leaves with specific oval strokes, filled with waste of their livelihoods, as a result of which the sheet loses the color, sluggish and disappears.

The mining mole brings great damage to the plant, the harvest decreases, and the berries lose their qualities. An unpleasant property of the insect is that during the season it gives not one, but two generations of offspring.

Fight With a mining mole in a cold period of time, when it has not yet begun to eat a plant, it can limit the recovery of the country area and the destruction of vegetation residues in which the insect can be overwhelmed.

However, if the first narrow light strips ("mines") are found in the spring on the leaves), more radical methods of struggle will be needed. As with the grape flew, from the mini moth will help get rid of insecticides for grapes.

Against this insect, drugs containing vegetable poison pyrethrum are well appreciated, but it is necessary to treat them very carefully, since, firstly, the substance is very harmful not only for moth, but also for a person, secondly, the mining mole is very quickly acquiring immunity to Similar poisons.

If the infection is not very serious, you can try to do without special chemicals for grapes. So, insect eggs are destroyed using paraffin-containing agents.

In addition, before splashing the grapes of poison, you can try to apply Means: Carefully inspect the plant and remove contaminated leaves, using various adhesive films and similar means against adult insects.

- Lovely insect from which is very difficult to get rid of. In many ways, this is the merit of its specific white fluff, which the pest envelops itself, protecting against the effects of poisons and attacks of natural enemies.
Once at attaching to the sheet or a young grape branch, the pillow all his life will continuously suck the juice from it with the help of a special stitching drive. As a result, the plant weakens and loses resistance to diseases, the yield falls.

From pending eggs (in the year there may be more than two thousand), the young man is displayed, which in the first days of life has no resistance to chemical impact, so the effectiveness of the fight against insect directly depends on the care of the gardener.

Destroy the custody It can be mechanically by removing the testicles and adults of a rough brush. In more complex cases, "nitrafen" or "dimethoate" is used (the first is used in early spring, the second - after the appearance of the leaves).

A small night butterfly, which received its name from the way of moving the caterpillars: In the insect in this stage of development, there are no legs on the bastard, so they move, bending the arc and straighten up again, as if they measure the distance with spans.
The span is an outdated concept corresponding to the extent length from a large to the index finger of a person placed on a horizontal surface in the form of a gate.

Insect Caterpillars are deprived of hair cover and have a color imperceptible against the background of foliage and plants stems, especially when they still "stand" on the branch, raising the torso.

The spiders spend the winter, hiding in the crust. After warming, the butterfly begins to actively eat the kidney, damaging them and bringing serious damage to the plant, hence the second word in the name of the pest.

Concerning fighting insect Must be conducted at the moment when the kidneys are blown. Preparations for protecting grapes from budgetic spinings are the same insecticides as in the case of other pests of this plant.

it is a very large gray butterfly, distinguished by the motley color of the front wings. This butterfly hides their eggs into cracks found in the insects in the plant's crust. For the season, one part postpones up to eight hundred eggs, of which reddish caterpillars are hatched with an unpleasant smell (hence the name of the insect).
Common efforts, they bite into the bark of grapes or other cultures, arrange there moves and remain for the winter. After warming, each individual begins to sharpen their own passages to half a meter in the shoots. In the aggregate, these holes are able to destroy the plant.

Catering activities It can be detected using the dying sections of the cortex, from which the mixture of plants and excrement of the insect is distinguished from the rotting pulp. Seeing such a sign, the vine must be trimmed below the dead plot and take out either burn.

As Fight pest Another method is applied: the stroke is expanding artificially, for example, using a long piece of wire, then an insecticide solution is introduced through a syringe into the hole, after which the input is sealed with clay.

Grape Zalt called the green bug of medium sizes with an elongated tel. Damage to grapes to the same extent causes both an adult insect and its larvae, who thrash the holes in the shoots, remaining there until spring.

With healthy plants, this pest prefers more weak, and as a result of its exposure, the leaves of grapes dry out, the stalks are wither, and the yield is significantly reduced.

Fight With grape grapes, it is carried out in the same way as with other pests: the affected shoots should be cut to live tissue and destroy, after which the plant is processed by insecticides.

Pincers

The vital activity of the web grape tick (it's) is already manifested in early spring, when light spots are formed on young leaves outside, which subsequently dry out, and on the inside, the sheet is covered with a specific substance resembling felt. This is the abdication of a tick.
With increasing insect felt, it becomes darker, in the end, the spot covers the sheet entirely, after which it twists and slugg. During the season, the tick can produce a dozen new followers, and every new insect, piercing a sheet, sucks juice from it and devour the fabric.

If the jet appears on grapes, you should resort to such agrotechnical measures struggleAs clipping damaged vine or spraying grapes with colloidal gray, "phytodeterm" or other drugs of similar action.

The fight against ticks on grapes is ineffective, since to pull the insect from the protective felt is very difficult. Spraying is recommended to carry out in hot weather, then the pairs of poison "break through" the web and destroy the insect.

Did you know? If you process the "Omatt" insecticide insecticide, designed specifically to combat ticks, the predatory types of ticks will still survive, after which the rest will be unimpeded. Such a cunning can significantly reduce the number of spraying, and sometimes quite single processing.

Leasting

Leasting – insect, able to destroy a huge amount of farm crops. Among the main enemies of the grapes are the most dangerous bortalities (it devours buds and flowers, as well as berries: they dry or, on the contrary, rot), twilight and, actually, grape leaflers.
All such pests winter in the crust, therefore the main method of struggle With them is the removal and burning of the old skin of the trees in early spring. After that, spraying with drugs, common to combating all grape pests.

Processing scheme Grape depends on the type of pest. So, two-year-old leaflet They are destroyed by a three-time spraying (two weeks after each of the two generations of the summer of butterflies and for the third time - two weeks after the second processing).

Also destroyed by spraying in the amount of three times: two weeks after the first summer of butterflies, immediately before flowing and two weeks after the second generation summer.

To combat S. Grape leaflet There are enough two spraying: before and after swelling the kidneys. In winter, the bushes can be treated for the destruction of an insect, where the pest was previously seen, a powerful jet "Nitrophen".

At the same time spray and the support for grapes, pests can also winter. The caterpillars of the leaflerting can be destroyed and biological poisons.

Important! All grape spraying should be stopped no later than 30 days before the appearance of the bunch.

Mealybug

Cherrels are called small pests sucking juice from plants.

For grapes are dangerous mute grape Cherver, More precisely, his female is a pink or yellow insect covered with a white bloom similar to flour. The larvae of this pest is capable of forming whole colonies, eliminating on branches and leaves, sucking juice from them. As a result, grapes yellow and dries.
A sign of the lesion is a well-visible white plaque and sticky allocations, affecting the subsequent sage fungus.

Cherver on grapes less dangerous in the early stages of lesion, since fight him It is possible to mechanically remove insects and mild seals with a cloth moistened in a soap solution.

After that, it is enough three times with a weekly interval to treat grapes with alcohol tincture of calendula, make a garlic or tobacco infusion, decoction of cyclameman, or soapy water.

If the infection is serious, it is necessary to use phytoofers, biothelin, mospilan or other drugs of the same group, if necessary, alternating them with each other.

Preventive actions Can help prevent infection. Therefore, the vineyard should be kept clean, dried shoots and leaves should be destroyed. In addition, the rest of the pest can also save the usual washing of leaves.

This petty black bug with a glossy back is able to destroy a dozen swelling kidneys. On one bush, it can be settled to one and a half hundreds of individuals, and as much larvae they are able to postpone on one square meter of the square.

Insects are in the ground (there is a pest and winter), go on the hunt at night. The larvae destroy grape roots.

For the extermination of Zhukov Grapes spray "chlorophos", and also apply adhesive traps. The natural enemies of the beetle are birds, including agricultural.

TRIPS grapes

– this is an insect that sucks liquid from the leaves of some varieties of grapes, in the spring, leaving visible black spots on them. TRIPS do not belong to common pests and their appearance on grapes - a rarity due to the combination of factors favorable for insect.

In the hot season, it is quite difficult to notice traces of vital activity. Leaves look healthy, there are no external signs of defeat. Only on the inside of the leaf plate is visible small single or connected in groups of pale color bubbles.

If you cut a sheet in a place of such a blink, it seems that the plate simply went into the width. In fact, this is the result of a leaf of leaf by TRIps, which pierce the plate and drink juice from it, thereby infecting it with various infections whose carriers they are.

Infection of grapes with trips is sometimes confused with the activities of sheet ticks. A characteristic difference is considered the presence of characteristic dark traces of the blockage of vessels in the form of a grid. At first, they can be seen only on the leaves, but with the progression of the disease they are also affected by the wound and bunch of grapes.

Plant damaged by trips are poorly developed and deformed, therefore get rid of pest It is necessary using overall processing insecticide in a mixture with fungicides. Spraying spend in spring as soon as the grapes gives the first young shoots, and re-processing, usually no longer required.

Phylloxera

This microscopic WLL appeared in the vineyards relatively recently, no more than one and a half hundred years ago. It feeds exclusively grapes, and for other cultures does not represent danger. At the same time, according to generally accepted opinion, it is considered the most dangerous and heavy in the elimination of vineyards, with a lightning speed, amazing huge areas.

Did you know? Filloxer has destroyed more than two thirds of the vineyards in the entire globe for a relatively short period of time.

In grapes, Filloxer uses everything: starting from the roots and the tips of the leaves, and each part of the plant has its own "fans" among insects. For example, the philloxer is presented in such types as the root (the most dangerous), sheet, winged, floor, etc.
The homeland insect is North America, and it is the American grape varieties more than others are affected by these pests, they are its main pedestal.

Unlike the Americans, the European Filloxer grape varieties begins to eat with the roots, however, if it does not interfere in time, it quickly moves to the top parts of the plant, from which at the end of the summer again descends to the roots, taking root shape, or becoming a winged (with The wind applies to huge areas).

In addition, the pest passes from the plant to the plant through the tools of labor, the hands of a person, with the help of animals and birds, and also flows with wastewater.

The optimal way to avoid Filloxing infection - give preference to European varieties of grapes and grown them in the sand, as the pest feels especially well on the wet soil.

For prophylaxis Also applied grafting of grapes on a variety resistant to this pest and not afraid of rotting: in this case, in the infiltration of the fillers, the upper part of the grape suffers slightly.

Esley grapes are still amazed by pest, plant spray"ACTELLIC", "COLOR", "confidor", "Mitakom" or other insecticides. The primary processing is carried out when the sheets of sheets appear on the shoot, usually in the first half of May. The second spraying is carried out at the end of May, and the last processing is performed closer towards the end of June.

These minor bloodsowing pests are dangerous for the vineyard and in adulthood, and in the form of larvae. They move to grapes from other plants when the leaves appear on the vine (the naked eye of insects can be seen, slightly shaking the vine).

On the affected sheets of dehydration, the ends begin to curb and the form is lost, and considering that the larvae insect postpones from the reverse side of the sheet, it is somewhat more complicated.

Tsicada is dangerous not so much leaves as the fruits of grapes: contacting the berry, the insect infects it with bacteria, and it is impossible to use such grapes in food.

With a careful inspection of sheets, it can be seen from the reverse side of small verses, in which the larvae of the cicada are distinguishable in the last stages of ripening.

OSS

OSS feed themselves and feed their offspring with ripening grapes than harvesting huge harm is caused. Proceeding berries, this insect creates excellent conditions for pathogenic bacteria and mushrooms actively developing in affected fruits.

Fighting Osami It is necessary to start since the end of the spring, when they pass with a protein with a sweet.
Species of this struggle quite a lot: traps with sweet bait or meat, spraying grapes by any kinds of chemistry to fight pests or the destruction of nests, which just find enough, traced, from where the wasps are flying in the morning and where they return in the evening. It is best to do this after sunset, pre-defending itself from possible bites.

Very effective way is to install traps from cans or bottles. Making small holes, fill the cavity with jam or syrup, some pour already poisoned sweetness. The wasps fly and sit on the liquid, happily in it. You can also envelop the grapes with a grid, thereby closing the insect access to it.

Important! The wasps live in large families, and their nests can be located within a radius of 20 m from each other, so the destruction of one nest is most likelyfullydoes not save you from this problem. The struggle must be continued in various kinds until the insects find themselves another place for delicacy.

Pest Prevention and Protection

Grapes has a huge amount of pests, in addition to those described above. The fight against them can be quite effective, but it is much more correct and more productive to prevent infection by preventive treatment of the plant and compliance with all conditions of its cultivation.

67 once already
helped

As you know, in addition to diseases, grapes are amazed and a variety of pests. And with pests everything is much easier than with fungal diseases. They are easier to detect and quickly destroyed with the help of effective insecticides or acaricides. But despite this, there are several varieties of pests that are particularly dangerous for grapes. The most dangerous pests that are often affected by grapes are: Filloxer (namely, the grape roots) ticks and leaflers. And in general, any other pest is not a place on the vineyard, as this reduces the likelihood of obtaining a good harvest.

The most common pests of grapes

There are many pests that affect grapes and are common in our area, they include:

• fleece grapes;
• grape mining mole;
• grape custoder;
• grape grape;
• elderly odorless;
• grape ticks;
• leafpers;
• phylloxera.

Fleece grape

This pest can attack other agricultural crops and also move on grapes, therefore there is always a high probability of infection. Another name of this pest is a leaf beetle. Externally, it looks like a small cockroach and has an oval body shape, up to 4 mm long. Early spring these bugs jump and gnaw young green shoots of grapes. Then, they lay eggs under the leaves, from which the larvae appear after some time, which are thickened in the leaves of small holes.

Methods of combating grape flesh

The first processing is made by the usual insecticide on young shoots of grapes. This is done in order to prevent egg deposition and destroy the pests themselves. Another processing insecticide should be carried out in the case when holes appeared on the leaves of grapes.

Grape Minister Mol

This pest appears in the period when the leaves begin to actively grow on grapes. First, it is a small butterfly with red-brown wings in a swing of up to 4 mm. After some time, after the departure, the moth puts the eggs under the leaves, from which a small caterpillar appears over time. These larvae make a lot of tunnels in the thickness of the sheet. Over time, they damage the leaf that he dies. Through the active dying of the leaves, it is possible to lose most of the crop, so you need to actively fight with this pest.

Methods of combating grape mining mole

If at the end of May, damaged leaves appeared to apply a system insecticide against tracks. To combat pest, it is necessary to make preventive procedures in the fall. To do this, it is necessary to burn all the fallen leaves and step up the earth around the bushes of grapes.

Grape Pillow

This is a sedent pest, fed by juice of grapes. This pest is settled on the leaves and shoots and its piercing, the apparatus is embroidered towards the green areas of the plant and there spends their entire lives. It is quite difficult to deal with adult pests, because they allocate a protective substance that does not give poisons and birds to get to this pest. Each pest female for his life can postpone more than 2,000 eggs. From these eggs, young movable individuals appear, which quickly apply to the free sections of the grape bush. Only at this moment you can effectively fight with them, but it is at that time they are minor. This pest greatly reduces the productivity of grape bushes and its ability to resist diseases.

Methods of combating grape custoders

If this pest flooded your vineyard, then in the spring, to the dissolution of the leaves, you need to handle the bushes with a system insecticide. If you do not have a lot of bushes, then no insecticides need to be mechanically removed all pests. Just take tough mittens and collect them all. If you do it periodically, you can do without chemistry.

Grape grapes

Methods of combating grape grape

To combat these pests, you need to remove damaged shoots and process the plant insecticide. If planned preventive processing is carried out, the pest will not appear.

Awerochiets Pahukhuki

This pest represents a large (wingspan of the wings to 10 mm) with a dark gray color with a variety of points and strokes on the front wings. At the beginning of the summer, these butterflies lay eggs in cracks and in the bore of shoots and in the bush's strain. Caterpillars that appear after some time of red and have an unpleasant smell. All together they bite into the escape and make a common tunnel, where and winter. In the spring, they squander great moves, and each caterpillar goes to the surface and becomes a butterfly. The moves that they stretch, in length can reach 70 cm. At the same time, the escape dies.

Methods of anti-vulgarity fragrant

To combat this pest, the most important thing is the timely detection of the pest, for this it periodically needs to inspect the shoots of grapes. If a round hole is found on the vine, then it is necessary to cut the escape to a healthy tissue and burn an infected part. If you need to save the vine, then you can expand the round hole and the syringe to injected there insecticide and then smear the hole of the garden harrow or clay.

Cleaning mite

This pest is quite common and brings considerable harm to the plant if it does not start fighting with it. Often this pest is called grape items, the body of its yellowish green and body sizes do not exceed 0.6 mm. These pests winter in fallen leaves or under the crust. In the spring, when the average daily temperature becomes more than 15 degrees. Females under the leaves begin to lay eggs. In less than a week later, larvae appear, which begin to actively eat grape juices. Two weeks after the appearance of young people, the ticks are ready for reproduction. These pests are very fertile, so in one season there may be more than 12 generations of ticks. And considering that one female puts up to 150 eggs, the bush is very quickly amazed by this pest. In places of punctures of the leaves, light drunk appear, which dry out over time, and the leaflet can die. In order to preserve the high productivity of grape bushes with this pest, you need to effectively fight.

Methods to combat tick grape sputum

If the grape bush is amazed by these pests, it is necessary to treat leaves with acaricides with an interval of 7-12 days. These pests are easily destroyed, but to reduce the likelihood of their appearance in the fall, it is necessary to destroy all the fallen leaves. It is advisable to collect him and burn.

Grape felt tick

This pest is powered by the top layer of grape leaves. The size of these ticks is insignificant and can be not more than 0.2 m. Usually adult individuals winter under the scales of the kidneys. In the spring of their caches, they move on green leaves, namely to the lower part of them. Since the pests are small and powered only by the upper layer of the bottom of the sheet, they do not apply a tangible harm to the plant. At the same time, even severely damaged cells do not die.

Tick \u200b\u200bgrape leaf

This pest is so small that it cannot be seen. Despite its size, it causes significant harm to the plant. Pests are usually winter under the scales of the kidneys, during wintering they can cause significant damage to the kidneys. The leaves of grapes on which these pests are settled are deformed, shrore and break into strips. These damage such damage that the plant is experiencing with viral diseases when damaged.

Methods of combating ticks

Preventive methods of struggle is the removal of grapes of the old bark from the bustards, to dissolve the kidneys, they need to be treated with colloidal gray. If pests began to appear on the leaves, it needs to be treated with any acaricides. Such processing should be carried out 2-3 times, intervals of 7-12 days.

Leasting

These pests apply the greatest harm to all green parts of the grapes and therefore they need to destroy them in time. The leaflers include:

• laptop grape;
• laptop cluster;
• bow-year leaflet;

Grape leaflight

This pest is a butterfly with a wings of the wings to 3 cm. Wings have a dark brown with a copper glitter around the edges. The butterfly itself does not bring any harm to grapes, and her offspring from leaves leaves only skeletal veins. After some time, after the appearance of the caterpillars, cocoons begins to form cocoons in a special nest from the leaf of grapes pricked into a lump. Three weeks later, new butterflies will fly out from there, each of which can postpone up to 400 eggs.

Lytherstek grinding

This pest is a butterfly with olive-brown forearms. The scope of the wings can reach 15 mm. Caterpillar that appears a week after laying eggs has a green color and very mobile. At the same time, pests eat everything: leaves, color, maritime, green berries, whining their web. Damaged parts of the plant get home and may be affected by various diseases.

Lapticket biennia

Spring butterfly with light yellow wings crashes and lays eggs under the leaves. The caterpillar that appears in a week after masonry first light green, then it is red with a black head. She eats everything, ranging from buds and ending with green berries. If the berries are damaged and infect neighboring. In this case, the yield of grapes can decrease to 90%.

Methods of combating leafletters

The best tool from this pest is prevention. To do this, clean the vineyard from organic residues and burn them. If in the spring, butterflies are flying around your vineyard, similar to famous pests, it is necessary to process plants with any insecticide known to you. If the caterpillar appeared, it is necessary to apply biological means of combating pests.

Phylloxera

This pest is considered the most dangerous for grapes, on the other, it is also called the grape factor. Usually this pest is transferred together with the landing material. Also, the grape bush can be infected with wind or with water, which you water your plants.
During his life, these pests can change their appearance several times. They periodically move from underground on the above-ground part of the bush. Usually, the bush dies due to contamination of punctures made by pests on the roots of the plant.

Phillocks fighting methods

Since these pests are very dangerous for grape bushes, it is necessary to apply effective methods of combating them. The most common methods of struggle are:

1. 1 Required disinfection of all seedlings in a solution of any insecticides.
2. Deep planting seedlings of grapes.
3. Removal of surface roots (rooting roots) with the replacement of the upper layer of soil sand, the choice of only the most resistant provers.
4. Minor flooding of the vineyard with water for 2-3 weeks.
5. Against sheet form philloxers apply conventional insecticides. At the same time, they carry out the processing of bushes 4-5 times from the beginning of the blown of the kidneys.

It is clear from the above that there are many pests that make significant damage to the vineyard. Some of them are very dangerous, some less dangerous. Despite the degree of danger that the pest causes the plant, it is necessary to fight with it anyway so that the plant does not weaken and have become infected with some kind of fungal or bacterial disease.

Grapes - a fairly wayward country culture, which is subject to attacks of a large amount of pests in non-compliance with all the rules of agrotechnology. Experienced and beginner agronomists should know their "enemies" in the face. Vintage pests and methods of combating them are an important aspect of agrotechnology.

The most common and dangerous pests

Worldwide today has more than 800 species of insects, which are not averse to grapes. Their vital activity has a detrimental effect not only fruit, but also on the root system, leaves and inflorescences, annual and perennial shoots.

Important.If Vinogradar does not develop a competent plant protection system, therapeutic and preventive treatment of pests and diseases, there is a chance to lose the vineyard at all.

What to do when holes appear on the leaves of grapes? Many novice agronomists literally fall into panic and miss the precious time. Meanwhile, competent actions will help to quickly localize and eliminate the problem. First of all, it is necessary to calculate the pest insect.

Filloxer grapes

Pests on grapes and struggle with them, prevention measures

Calculating pests, you can safely begin to destroy them.

Grape tick

Each wine-making should know that there are always similar troubles easier to warn, rather than "treat."

Prevention measures

Why on grapes leaning leaves, they wrinkled, wishes, etc. These questions are concerned with many agronomists, especially beginners. Disease or pests may appear anyway, but the challenge of the grapeter reduce this probability, it will be necessary to protect cultures, performing all the rules of agrotechnology.

Important:before irrigating the bustle of grapes, it is necessary to pre-suspend the vine to the support, carry out sanitary trimming and remove all damaged / affected leaves.

To prevent the spread of insects, all organic waste should be burned. It is also equally important to break all the big boulders of the earth near the plant, to dissolve the surface of the soil and correct the deepening in the sleeper rows.

• Spring Preventive processing of grapes should be carried out before the swelling swelling. As a rule, they bloom at the end of April - early May. It will depend on the growing region and annual climatic conditions. The first irrigation should take place when the air temperature warms up to + 4-6 degrees. For treatment, a solution of copper sulfate is used (the concentration of the active substance is 3%). With an interval of a few weeks, when leaflets are formed, a bush is irrigated by fungicide.
• Irrigation in summer They are carried out when the berries reach the size of the pea. For the prevention of insects, preparations-acaricides can be used, as well as solutions of manganese or colloidal sulfur (the concentration of the active substance is not more than 7 g per 10 liters of water).
• Treatment in autumn Before the shelter for the winter. In dry weather after sanitary trimming, a bush should be carried out preventive irrigation. To do this, use a 3% solution of copper or iron vapor. The advantage of autumn processing is that the plant will suffer less from the attacks of rodents.

Note:rodents are also able to apply great damage to the vineyards, so before shelter for the winter, it is recommended to decompose the poisoned bait (sold in specialized stores).

A list of pests that are capable of damage to harvest is great. But they are dangerous only to those who carelessly relate to their landings. In compliance with all preventive measures and proper treatment, there is almost nothing to be afraid of wine. It will be easy for him to provide a vineyard longevity.