The profession of the welder has long and reliably entered many industries and households. The need for it is almost everywhere. The availability of modern welding equipment allows you to learn how to cook with electric welding yourself, so and master the profession at a more serious level.

Required welder elements

In order to master the technique of working with welding equipment, it will takes an understanding of not only physical processes when working with a metal, but also a set of knowledge about welding machines, as well as various malfunctions, features of technology, and other "pitfalls". You need to be able to deal with the intricacies of the welder's profession at each stage - ranging from the preparatory, and up to the final. In vocational schools, the training of this profession leaves two to three years.

What needs to be understood before learn to boil by electric welding?

• be able to correctly choose a mode for working with various materials (steel, alloys, non-ferrous metals);
• know different techniques for creating a welding seam;
• be able to correctly choose electrodes and welding wire;

How to learn electrical welding yourself?

If the task is to become a top-class professional, it will be enough to master key techniques and deal with the main concepts, and can already be experimenting with welding work in the sub-economy.

So where to start?

First of all, you will need a welding machine and electrodes. It is better to start with the electrodes with a diameter of 3 mm - they are suitable for most tasks and do not very much load the electrical network. The software principles are divided into three categories: transformer, rectifier, and inverter. Inverters are the most compact, lungs and convenient in work for beginners.

You need to choose a welding machine for work purposes

Then you need to select several metal fragments on which you can practice. Water bucket will be required, hammer to knock down slag, as well as a metal surface stripping brush. Of the workwear and protective equipment will need:

• mask to protect face and neck with a special light filter (for example, a chameleon mask);
• tight fabric gloves;
• overalls made of durable fabric, long sleeves.

Do not forget about precautionary measures: there should not be combustible or easily flammable materials, and the electrical network must be able to withstand loads arising from the welding machine.

The first steps in learning how to cook electric welding

You should take care of the ground - the corresponding clamp must be firmly attached to the part. Then you need to check the cable - how well it is isolated and efficiently refilled into the holder.

After connecting the "mass" you can select the value of the current force - depending on the electrode and the materials that it is planned to operate.

Before sprinkling the arc, the electrode is installed in relation to the workpiece at an angle of about 60 degrees.

The holder for the electrodes at a slow motion will appear sparks - this means that the welding arc should appear. To create it, you need to put the electrode so that the gap between it and the surface is not more than five millimeters. The same rules should be followed at further work.

Gradually, the electrode will burn out. Do not hurry to move it. The speed of the electrode depends on many factors - they will be disclosed in more detail in the process of practice.

What if the electrode is shining? Surely slightly swing to them.

To create a stable welding arc, it is desirable to withstand the distance from 3 to 5 millimeters between the end of the electrode and the surface of the part. In the case of an arc of a length of 2-3 mm, which refuses to be lit, you can increase the current strength.

Features of welding arc and polarity when creating a seam

When you try to apply the roller, you need to strive to shift the molten metal to the center of the welding arc.

The electrode smoothly moves horizontally, accompanying the oscillatory movements. This turns out beautiful and high-quality seams. To learn how to cook electric welding like

Mass - for electric arc welding

professional, you need to know what is the difference between the welding direct polarity from the reverse.

The electrical arc is formed when the alternating or direct current is supplied from the power supply. If a positive pole of food (anode) connects to the part, this means that arc welding has a direct polarity.

And if the negative power supply (cathode) is connected to the details, arc welding with reverse polarity is obtained. The electrical arc leads to the fact that the metal rod of the electrode is melted, and mixed with the molten material of the product, forming a so-called welding bath. At the same time, the slag is formed, which goes to the surface.

How to cook with the help of electrical welding with a different welding bath?

Depending on the position of the bath in space, as well as taking into account various welding modes, the designs of the parts are connected, the size and shape of the edges, as well as the speed with which the arc moves on the surface, the size of the welding bath may vary. As a rule, its sizes can vary in the range:

• from 8 to 15 mm - width;
• from 10 to 30 mm - length;
• up to 6 mm - depth.

How is the length of the arc calculated? This is the distance from one active spot located on its surface to another (which is located on the molten surface of the electrode). When the electrode coating melts, a gas atmosphere appears near the arc and over the welding bath, which displaces the air from the welding zone, preventing its effect on the molten metal. Also here there are pairs of alloying elements of both the main and electrode metal.

In addition, slag protection protects from oxidizing air, because it covers the surface of the welding bath. And thanks to him, the metal is cleared of harmful impurities. The slag is formed with the removal of arc and crystallization of the metal in the welding bath when forming the seam.

On technical techniques for the formation of a seam

Before you independently learn how to cook with electric welding, various welding techniques for connecting metal parts should be mastered. Competent maintenance and movement of an electric arc is a pledge of high-quality seam. If the arc is too long, the metal is oxidized and saturated with nitrogen, spray with drops, and form a porous structure.

Soo Vangest

The welding arc moves progressively, along the axis of the electrode. Thus, the desired length of the arc is supported, which affects the melting speed of the electrode. The length of the electrode decreases gradually, just as between it and the welding bath increases the distance. To prevent it, the electrode is supposed to move along the axis, observing the synchronization of its shortening and movement in the direction of the welding bath.

Ceiling seam

The diameter of the electrode depends on the thickness of the coelela

Another variety of rollers is referred to as long. Such a roller is formed in the process of moving the electrode along the axis of the welded seam. As for the thickness of the roller, it depends on the diameter of the electrode and the speed with which it moves.

We can say about the width of the roller that it is usually 2-3 mm exceeds the diameter of the electrode. Thus, quite narrow welding seam is obtained. His durability is not high enough to create a strong design. How to fix it? It is enough when the electrode is moving along the axis of the welding seam to perform an additional movement of it - across the axis.

Tavra seam (with one-sided cut)

The transverse displacement of the electrode in the process of operation makes it possible to obtain a sufficient width of the seam. This is done by returnable oscillations of the electrode, the width of which is determined for each particular case individually. Here you need to take into account the position of the seam, its size, shape of cutting, features of materials, as well as a list of requirements extended to the design. It is considered to be a normal width of the seam from 1.5 to 5.0 diameters of the electrode.

Welding seam with support electrode

It is formed with sufficiently complex, triple movements of the electrode. There is a few variations. The trajectory of movement in classical arc welding should be such that the edges of the parts that need to be connected, and the amount of molten metal should be formed to form the seam of the specified form.

Cutting and connecting seams

How to learn how to make torn seams by electric welding? If the electrode burned almost to the end, then you have to dwell to replace it. Before renewing the work, slag is removed, and you can continue the process.

The arc is ignited at a distance of 12 mm from the crater (this is a deepening appeared at the end of the seam). The electrode returns to the crater so that the alloy of the new and old electrodes is turned out, and then its movement on the originally selected trajectory continues.

Advantages and disadvantages characteristic of manual welding

Benefits:

Disadvantages:

• sufficiently harmful working conditions;
• the quality of the seams directly depends on the qualifications of the welder;
• The efficiency and performance is low enough (compared to other types of welding).

Video: How to learn to boil by electric welding

How to boil electrical welding

In a private house, in the country, in the garage and even in the apartment - everywhere there are many works requiring metal welding. Especially acute this necessity is felt in the process of construction. It is especially often required to fool or cut something.

And if you can still cut off with a grinder, it is reliably to connect metal parts except welding. And if the construction is carried out with your own hands, then the welding works can be done independently. Especially in places where the beauty of the seam is not required.

On how to make welding properly, we will tell in this article.

Aza Electrosvarka

Metal welded compounds for today - the most reliable: pieces or parts are melted into a single whole. This occurs as a result of exposure to high temperatures.

Most modern welding machines for metal melting use an electric arc. It warms the metal in the exposure zone to the melting point, and it happens on a small area.

Since the electrical arc is used, then the welding is called an electric arc.

It's not exactly the right way of welding)) at least you need a mask

Types of electric welding

The electrical arc can be formed both by constant and alternating current. A variable current is boiled welding transformers, constant - inverters.

Working with a transformer is more complex: Current variable, because the welded arc "jumps", the device itself is heavy and cumbersome. There is still a lot of noise, which makes it possible during operation and the arc and the transformer itself.

There is another trouble: the transformer is strongly "sits" the network. Moreover, significant voltage jumps are observed. This circumstance is not very pleased with the neighbors, and your household appliances may suffer.

Inverters are mainly working from a network of 220 V. At the same time, they have small dimensions and weight (strands 3-8 kilograms), they work quietly, almost do not affect the tension.

Neighbors and do not recognize that you started using the welding machine, if you just see. In addition, since the arc is caused by a constant current, it does not jump, mix it easier and control.

So if you decide to learn how to weld metal, read from the welding inverter. About choosing an inverter welding machine here.

Welding technology

For the occurrence of an electric arc, two conductive elements with opposite charges are needed. One is a metal part, and the second is the electrode.

When taking the electrode and metal with different polarity, an electric arc occurs. After her appearance, in the place where she is directed, metal parts begin to melt. At the same time, the metal rod metal is mowed, tolerated with an electric arc into the melting area: a welded bath.

How the welded bath is formed. Without understanding this process, you will not understand how to cook the metal correctly (to increase the size of the picture, click on it right key mouse)

The process also burns the protective coating, partially melting, partially evaporated and highlighting some of the hot gases. Gazes surround the welded bath, protecting the metal from the interaction with oxygen.

Their composition depends on the type of protective coating. The melted slag also covers the metal, contributing to the maintenance of its temperature.

To properly cook welding, you must ensure that the slag covers the welded bath.

Welded seams turns out when moving the bath. And it moves when the electrode is moving. This is the whole secret of welding: you need to move the electrode at a certain speed. It is also important depending on the required connection type correctly select its tilt angle and current parameters.

As the metal is cooling, the slag crust is mounted on it - the result of burning protective gases. It also protects the metal from contact with oxygen contained in the air. After cooling it is frown with a hammer. At the same time, hot fragments are flying out, because the eye protection is required (wear special glasses).

You can read about how to make a balloon or barrels of the Mangal here. Just practicing.

How to learn to cook welding

It all starts with the preparation of the workplace. Safety when working with electrical welding It is necessary to pay high attention: there is an opportunity to get injured and from electricity, and from high temperatures. Because the preparation takes place seriously.

It is learned to boil electrical welding more conveniently on a thick piece of metal: it is better practiced on it. In addition to it and the welding machine, you will need crags (thick gloves) and a welder mask.

It also requires dense clothing that protects the whole body, durable thick skin shoes. They must withstand sparks and scale. We also need a hammer and a metal brush to shoot down slag.

To protect the eyes, there will be glasses.

How to connect the electrode

Welding work for beginners is easier to carry out if you take a universal electrode with a diameter of 3 mm (3.2 mm, if for sure). They cost more, but it is easier to work with them. After you learn how to boil the metal, you can try to use cheaper, but it is better to start with these.

The electrode is inserted into the holder, fixed on one of the welding cables. There are two types of fixators - spring and screw.

If the spring electrode holder, click on the key on the handle and insert the electrode into the slot that appears. With a screw clamp, the handle rotates. Split it, insert the electrode and clamp.

In any case, he should not be fused. By installing the electrode, you can connect cables.

On the DC welding machine there are two outputs: positive and negative. There are also two welding cables:

• one ends with a metal clamp - connected to the part;
• another - holder for the electrode.

What polarity to connect to welding depends on the type of work. If we talk about inverters, then more often plus connected to the part, and minus is supplied to the electrode. This option is called direct polarity. But there is a list of works under which reverse polarity is supplied: minus - to the part, plus - on the electrode (for example, for welding of the stainless steel).

Direct and reverse polarity of connection on a welding inverter

Direct polarity provides the best heat heating, which is necessary for most of the connections. This is explained by the fact that electrons move from a negatively charged pole - with direct polarity, this is an electrode - to the positive - details. At the same time, they additionally transmit their energy to the metal, increasing its temperature.

How to connect the electrode to the inverter figured out. Now about how to light the arc. It occurs with the direct contact of the electrode and the details. There are two ways:

• chirkanim;
• tapping.

It is clear from the name: in one case, you need to carry out the electrode along the seam (so that there is no trace left), in the second - to knock on the part of the electrode in the detail.

When the electrode is new, its tip is cage, the ignition occurs easy. If he was already in the work, a wall of several millimeters from the protective coating was formed around the rod. This coating must be disconnected, knocking several times the tip in the detail.

Both ways of ignition are used, it chooses everyone as comfortable. This skill is the first that you have to master if you want to learn how to use the electric welding.

Therefore, take a few electrodes, a thick piece of metal, and try to light the arc. As soon as you have become, it is possible to get, you can proceed to the next stage of learning.

Tilt electrode

The main position of the electrode is inclined to itself - an angle of 30 ° to 60 ° (see the picture). The magnitude of the inclination is selected depending on the necessary weld and from the exhibited current. Focus on the state of the welded bath.

The first position is called "angle back". In this case, the bath and melted slag moves behind the tip of the electrode. His angle of inclination and the speed of movement should be such that the slag has time to cover the molten metal. In such a position, we get the heating of the metal to the greater depth.

Manual arc welding technique: electrode position Angle forward and angle back

There are situations where metal does not need to warm up hard. Then the angle of inclination changes to the opposite, seam and the bath "stretch" behind the electrode. In this case, the depth of heating is obtained minimal.

Electrode movements

Answer the question "How to cook the electric welding" simply: you need to control the welded bath. To do this, hold the electrode at a distance of 2-3 mm from the metal surface and control the condition and size of the welded bath. This is the skill of the welder.

The complexity lies in the fact that at the same time you have to control several parameters:

• move the electrode one of the trajectories shown in the photo,
• as you burn to lower it just below, keeping the constant distance of 2-3 mm;
• monitor the size and condition of the welded bath, accelerating or slowing down the movement of the electrode;
• follow the seam direction.

The movement of the electrode tip is shown in the figure. Those who wish to learn the electric welding for home use everything is not necessary to master them, but two or three movements you will need: for different situations, seams and metals.

Another element of manual arc welding technique: the tip of the electrode should move on one of these trajectories (or by some kind of similar)

How to learn to cook electric welding? Treat movements on a thick piece of metal. Then do not seams, but rollers. This stage is the initial one. On it you master the elementary welder skills: learn to control the distance from the tip of the electrode to the part, and at the same time moving it along a given trajectory, follow the welded bath and slag in it.

To do this, take a thick metal, with a chalk with a line on it: it will be necessary to put the roller. Register the arc and start to master the movements, study at the same time control the bath.

You will do not from the first, and, even, not with the tenth times. Electrodes I wake, probably with a dozen.

When manual arc welding technique will be worked out: the roller will be uniform, width and height is permanent (or almost), you can try to connect the details.

Similar rollers should get from you. So you can learn how to correctly cook with welding electrodes

How to make a gazebo on a metal frame, read in this article, and here it is described the construction of a barn on a metal frame.

How to weld metal

He will learn how to hold the electrode properly and move the bath for a good result not enough. It is necessary to know some subtleties of the behavior of the combined metals. And the peculiarity lies in the fact that the seam "pulls" the details, because of which they can be skewed. As a result, the form of the product can be very different from the intended.

Electric welding technology: Before the start of the seam overlay, the parts are connected by patches - short seams located at a distance of 80-250 mm from each other

Therefore, before work, parts are fixed with clamps, screed and other devices. In addition, tapes are made - short transverse seams laid after several tens of centimeters. They fasten the details, giving the product form. When welding joints, they are applied on both sides: so arising voltages are compensated. Only after quiet preparatory activities are welding.

On the types of welds and compounds (horizontal, vertical, ceiling) and about how to make them correctly read here.

How to choose a current for welding

Learn to boil by electric welding it is impossible if you do not know what to set the current. It depends on the thickness of the welded parts and the electrodes used. Their dependence is presented in the table.

But with manual electric arc welding, everything is interconnected. For example, the network fell voltage. You can simply not give the required current inverter.

But even in these conditions, it is possible to work: you can slowly move the electrode, achieving good warm-up. If it does not help, change the type of movement of the electrode - several times passing at one place.

Another way is to put a thinner electrode. Combining all these methods can be achieved by a good weld even in such conditions.

How to cook welding, you now know. It remains to work out skills. Choose a welding machine, buy electrodes and a welding mask and proceed to practice.

To secure information, look at the video lesson on welding.

Learning how to cool the electric welding

In everyday life in his own home, there will always be many cases in the country area or in the garage, requiring the skills of the welder. This skill is especially useful in construction, which is made by their own hands.

In nature, there is no more reliable way to combine two parts from metal than welding. And it is quite possible to learn this skill independently and use the survey received skill.

Today we'll figure it out how to learn to cook with electric welding and independently master the basics of this specialty.

Basics of welding

To understand how to make electrical welding properly, it is pre-familiar with the theory of the welding process.

The connection of metal parts into a monolith with welding is today the most reliable and durable method. This is achieved due to the preparation of high temperature.

The overwhelming part of welding apparatus applies an electric arc to melting metals: this is the so-called electric welding of metals.

At the point of exposure, it heats the metal to the temperature of his melting and does it in a limited territory.

The appearance of an electrical arc occurs due to the current - permanent or variable. The first is characteristic of inverter welding units, the second - for transformers. Consider them in more detail.

• The transformer greatly complicates the welding process. Due to alternating current, the welded arc constantly jumps, the welding process is quite noisy. Another significant minus of such devices is to be strongly affected by the electrical network, as a result of which voltage jumps occur;
• The inverter is easier and quieter in operation, feeds from 220V. Due to the direct current of the electric arge, it is easier to control and moves. If there is a need to learn how to boil by electric welding, then lesson number 1 is better to take on the inverter.

To understand how to make a metal correctly, it is necessary to clearly understand what is happening processes:

• Electric arc appears at the time of contact with the metal part and the electrode;
• At the site of the arc of the welded metal melted;
• Together with the metal, the electrode itself is melted, its molten particles move to a welded bath;
• The protective coating with which is covered with the electrode rod, also burns and forms a gas cloud. It protects the bath from the effects of oxygen. This ensures maintenance in the place of welding of metal melting temperature;
• Maintaining the temperature contributes to the slag formed when welding. It is necessary to control that the slag protects the welded bath;
• Seam during welding is formed at the time of the movement of the electrode and moving the bath;
• When the metal is cooled after welding, the slag crust remains on it. She is blocked by the hammer.

This is the theory of welding. Understand how it is impossible to weld metal without experience, so we turn to practice.

Preparing tools

Before brewing electrical welding, you must prepare all the tools and uniforms for protection:

• Welding machine and electrodes to it. We recommend to stock up with a sufficient number of electrodes for practice. The proverb "First Damn Comal" in the field of training of the welding profession works without exception;
• Protection: Welding mask, protective clothing and gloves from dense materials. Negregate protection during welding it is impossible. This is a matter of health and security!
• Utility tools - a hammer and a metal brush - to remove the weld;
• Object for training - metal elements;
• Bucket with water. In the literal sense to every fire case.

The choice of electrodes is made in accordance with the thickness of the welded metal, and the current is depends on the electrode. 1 mm electrode takes about 30-40 A, it is important not to exceed these values, otherwise the arc will not be boil, but cut the metal.

Let's start welding

So, we will deal with step-by-step, how to cook metal welding metal. Probably, to obtain an acceptable result, you have to repeat this algorithm more than once. But learning, you will quickly get lost as a welder and can perform quite complex operations.

First of all, we place the electrode into a special holder. Now you need to light the arc. The electrode must be kept at an angle of about 70 ° to the surface, this position is optimal.

Having exhibit the angle between the electrode and the metal, read the fast line, moving about 10 cm per second. With the right position, sparks and crackle will appear - this is a sure sign.

Leaving the optimal angle of inclination of the electrode, it is necessary to touch the metal and immediately raise the electrode so that the track is 3-5 mm. If everything is done correctly, the arc will burn and the metal will start melting.

There are often cases when the electrode sticks to the base. In this case, it is necessary to split it slightly and tear off, and then again toggle the arc. Frequent shipping of the electrode can talk about the too small strength. Try to increase it and compare the results.

As soon as the ignition of the arc and its holding in a stable condition, it can be proceeded to catch the roller. The clamping arc smoothly moves along the welded seam. At the same time, movements are made, which, as it were, the molten metal will be enhanced. This is achieved by uniform oscillatory movements with an amplitude of about 2-3 mm. What is a dimension movement, the more beautiful it will be boiled seam. By the way, the uniformity of the suture testifies to its high quality and strength.

At the first stage, it is best to train on a thick piece of metal and try to bring out all the tracks from the simple movement with a small amplitude to more complex and patterned seams. These skills will be suitable in subsequent work and allow you to feel good how to cook and what angle of the electrode is better to choose.

After the end of the welding, it is necessary to wait until the metal will cool down. Welded seam will be closed slags. So that he flew off enough to knock on the detail of the hammer or go through the brush by the gland.

Some moments of welding work

Of course, welding is not in writing in a piece of metal intricate patterns. All of the above is just preparation and training for this quite difficult craft. The main purpose of welding consists in reliable fastening of metal elements and it is necessary to strive for it.

Welding metal elements has many nuances, acquaintance and understanding of which will come with experience. But there are some theoretical moments to know that you need to practice:

• Connect two parts immediately with a solid and long seam is incorrect. In most cases, it flies the metal, since the seam begins to push the elements;
• Before performing the main seam, you must grab the details to each other. For this purpose, small point seams are performed at the joints of two parts at 8-25 cm increments depending on the size of the fastened elements.
• Bonding seams are better to perform on both sides of the welding surface, the possible voltage of the metal is minimized.
• After performing the grabs, the main seam is made.

Let's summarize

Welding work requires special knowledge, skills and special equipment. We note that this is a rather complicated and dangerous process that requires strictly compliance with safety.

The skills of the welder require a certain time and practice. There is nothing crazy in training on a piece of unnecessary metal. This allows you to fill the hand and understand the essence of the welding process.

Before proceeding with the welding of parts, hold the possession of the welding machine and the ability to weld the seams on the blanks and then go to more complex elements.

Sergey Odintsov

Where to start welding with electrodes

Electric welding is the most common way to obtain a lifting connection. Availability and simplicity of equipment for welding work allow even beginner electric welders to assemble uncomplicated metal structures on their own.

Those who wish to learn how to learn to weld the details, you need to start with the osses of electrical welding occurring using the electrodes.

Criteria for choosing equipment and materials

Before starting any learning, it is necessary to equip the welding post of homemade craftsman. First of all, it concerns the welding machines and electrodes, and then move to the Azam.

For one-time work, you can rent a welding machine with specialized companies, but if there are many work to be a lot, the best solution will be the purchase of reliable, with a sufficient level of power of the aggregate.

You can perform welding with gas, but this is a more costly method. For various purposes, the following types of equipment are produced:

• the welding machine (transformer) is designed to convert alternating currents into a high power welding current. Cheap welding machines can strongly overheat even at low loads, and the welding current they give out uneven with large drops;
• rectifiers convert an alternating current of the network into a permanent one. These are the most productive apparatus with good characteristics, but they are an order of magnitude more expensive;
• modern inverters are capable of converting alternating current into a permanent, they are distinguished by high productive characteristics with small dimensions and weights. To date, this is the most affordable, reliable view of welding equipment, many welders use them. This is the optimal option for beginners, on which you can work out the osses of working with electrodes.

Beginners need to know that electrodes are used for electric arc welding. Information about the electrodes belongs to the Azam training. The success of welding depends on the quality of the electrode and suitable in the composition of the core.

The product is quite simple in design. It is a steel wire from various materials and alloys, with a special coating applied to it (coating).

The coating prevents unwanted gases into the welding bath. For domestic use, the electrodes with a thickness of the core of 3 mm are most suitable. Manual welding of a very thin sheet metal is made by electrodes with a cross section of 2 mm.

Organization of the workplace and reliable equipment of the welder

When welding electrodes, severe infrared radiation occurs. To protect your eyes and leather, it is necessary to use a special welding mask and protective clothing from a dense material.

The welding mask is better to buy with glass chameleon, with the possibility of adjusting the degree of dimming glass. On the hands you need to wear spilch gloves or mittens. Protective clothing must be used regardless of whether you begin a welder or specialist.

The welding location needs to steer protective screens, for preventing the eye of the eyes of others, especially at home. Welding shoes should not be chopped with nails.

In such a shoe, the welder will be constantly dancing even with a minor dampness of air. Before welding, make sure that the workplace is properly grounded.

After completing the preparatory work, you can start learning the welding case and obtaining azes.

Sequencing

Step-by-step instructions involves performing several types of work. First, you will need to equip the welding inverter. 2 cables are removed from it. One is designed to connect the mass of the mass.

On another, sufficient length, an industrial or homemade holder is connected. The process of teaching electric welding - the case is quite complicated and requires a lot of time.

Tok adjustment

Welding Guide includes information about the settings of the device. Mandatory adjustment is subject to welding current. At first, it will not be necessary to set the maximum value of this value.

All data is indicated in the table on the packaging of the electrodes. It is necessary to exhibit less importance and start learning.

With experience, when it turns out to light the arc and make the simplest seam, it is necessary to set a greater value of the welding current. This will allow you to better warm the metal and perform better seam.

Welding arc

Welding lessons for beginners cannot be submitted without learning an arc ignition. First, the electrode will constantly stick to the metal. 2 arc ignition methods are recommended:

• holding the tip of the electrode on the surface of the details;
• you can heal the arc you can tapping the electrode. Sometimes, when using the MR-5 electrodes, the welder has to knock often and for a long time.

In the first case, there are no significant traces on the details, the second method is important with a large layer of coating at the tip of the electrode. Sometimes you have to catch the ends of the electrodes before welding.

Learn very simple. Just tapping, and when Ignoring the arc, the main thing is not to stick the electrode into the molten metal and do not attract it for a long distance. In the first case, the arc will go out. The second option will lead to the formation of severe splashes and disruption of the roller of the seam.

Learning better on a thick metal. Only learning to light the arc and maintain its burning can be moved to the next stage of learning.

We produce the right angle of inclination

The most common position of the electrode is an inclination gap from 30 ° to 60 °. Very rarely, the need to cook, holding a core at a right angle. Choosing a tilt, you need to follow the behavior of the slag in the welded bath.

It should reliably cover it, but without spreading the metal. It is impossible to leave the bath strongly forward. To begin with, put the holder at a right angle, and gradually making an angle is sharper, achieve normal filling with a slag welding bath.

Having mastered the basins, you can gradually move to a horizontal and vertical seam. Depending on the thickness of the parts you have to adjust the angle. Over time, this operation will be performed on the machine.

Move holder

For proper welding, it is necessary to hold the tip of the electrode core at a distance of at least 2 mm and see the welding bath.

The problem for beginners is to fulfill several actions at once. For better filling of the junction roller, it is necessary to keep the electrode in several ways.

For metal welding, the thickness of which is more than 6 mm, it is better to use a triangle movement. A less than this thickness of parts is better to apply a broken zigzag welding line.

First, only these electrodes are required. Pay attention to the permanent size of oscillatory movements. You may first need to keep the electrode just in a straight line, to get the skills.

Do not think that you will succeed with the first attempt. This is a long process, so you need to be patient, mastering the basics.

Basic rules for docking parts

After we are developed by welding, you need to prepare metal structures yourself, move to the simplest operations on the assembly and tacking of nodes in household conditions.

As a rule, the homemade master does not cook thick metal, so the edge cutting is not required. To begin with, it is possible to stretch together to connect the profile tube.

To do this, it will be necessary at the ends of the details to set sharp corners, for the larger area of \u200b\u200bthe province.

Details are inserted into the angular clamp and fix the material plank. Now it is necessary to pre-grab from several sides. To do this, light the arc and put a small point.

It is not necessary to withstand a big catat, you just need to fix the parts. After checking the diagonals, taps from all available parties. Now remove the design and boils it with reliable and high-quality seam.

If the lessons on the corner of the tilt, laying the metal in the molten welding bath, then the operations on the assembly of metal structures will not cause difficulties even for teapots in the welding business.

Having studied the foundations of welding and taking theoretical knowledge, it is necessary to practice as much as possible, wear welding equipment, turn on the welding machine and exhausted your skills for a long time. Only practice will allow the high-class welder.

How to cook welding correctly: 3 types of seams

To learn how to cook well, you should practic a lot

Moments when you need to boil welding, there is an incredible amount, and this may be required at home, in the country, in the apartment, in the garage, in any high-rise building, in particular, in such areas of activity as construction or repair at home, as well as in Plumbing service, launching water supply and drainage and not only. Hiring specialists to carry out welding work, the pleasure is not cheap, and therefore many prefer to boost the necessary elements on their own. How to do it right? To learn how to work with electric welding from scratch is not easy, but it is possible, and for this you can attend the lessons for beginners, to acquire a tutorial for teapots or, use the tips submitted below.

To weld the web or metal pipes, you will need to familiarize yourself with the safety technique, study the work process, carefully follow the technology or hire such a welder like trumpeters.

The theory is one thing, but a course of practice is required to start independently welding various designs without the observables and the likelihood of leakage. For example, before welding, each element should be fixed using a screed, clamps and other elements.

You need to know:

• What problems may arise;
• How to avoid defects;
• What is the technology of welding a specific type of elements.

In addition, the tapes or, in other words, transverse seams may be required, each of which holds the connection of the joints, and it is desirable to set them at a distance of 10 cm from each other.

Options for welding seams

There are various types of seams that may differ among themselves by various factors, in particular by how the compound of metal products is carried out. This is the same asses of welding, which are taught newcomers.

Seam can be:

• Jack;
• Vansel;
• Tavra.

The profession of electric welder is very complex and requires sometimes too large investments forces and energy, since the welding of metal products can be carried out even under the ceiling. The seam classification may be by the one where they are located in space, and highlight vertical, horizontal, ceiling types.

Tips: How to learn to boil by electric welding independently

It is quite possible to welcome the metal structures on 1 day, if you know how much electrodes are required, what exactly should be used and provided that the product will not be too large.

And what else should I keep in mind to learn how to cook yourself:

For the welder, it is important not only to work correctly, but also to study the foundations, in particular, what mode of operation is required for a specific material, since the metal can be made of steel, alloys, or from such crafts as the color methox.

Be sure to explore the methods with which a specific seam can be made.

It is necessary to properly approach the choice of electrodes and welding wire.

If it is initially not required to become a professional professional, then you can learn the welding yourself, if you watch video tutorials, drawings with seams, as well as study the advice of professionals. Training will be long, but perhaps productive, especially if we gradually try to produce seams, increasing the number of experience.

Many prefer to use the resant, as the technique withstands long-term loads, which allows you to quickly bring the case to the end.

At the first samples of working with welding, it is better to use a really inverter, and only then with great experience, it is possible to any other apparatus. As regards the electrodes, it is desirable to choose "3".

Use them easily, and most importantly, they do not overload the network of electricity.

In general, welding equipment is divided into species - transformer, rectifier, inverter. Why is popularity remaining inverters? They have compact sizes, low weight, and with them very easy to cope with the newcomer. At first steps to the study of welding, it is worth taking simpler types of metal and preferably smooth items in order not to complicate the task.

Before welding, you need to prepare:

• Bucket with water;
• Hammer to knocking the slag;
• Iron brush;
• A mask, which is being protected from the field of face and neck;
• Gloves made of special fabrics impregnated with the composition to exclude fire and breaking the canvas;
• Special clothing with long sleeves.

Do not forget that the weld business is fire hazardous, and therefore it is rather categorically forbidden to be flammable or flammable subjects to eliminate serious consequences.

What defects should be known to make the right welding seam

Making beautiful seams that have an ideal look, not as easy, since even a specialist with extensive experiences can always make the process as correct as possible. It all depends not only on whether the rules are followed and the angle of inclination of the electrode is competent correctly, but also from many moments.

There are critical, and there are not critical, that is, those that are permissible to leave without additional processing. Learning how to distinguish high-quality seams from poor quality and why defects arise.

Defects:

The impairment is a defect in which insufficient filling of the joint space of the liquid metal has been carried out, this affects the strength of the compound. The reason may be weak voltage, too much speed with which the movement of the electrode is carried out. After the corrected current and arc reduced the length, the defect should be eliminated.

Cutting This defect indicates the presence of a groove running along the seam. The reason can be again too long arc, due to which the seam is not just bad, but wide. This leads to an incomplete warm-up of the metal, due to which the edges begin to quickly solve. To eliminate the problem, it is worth reduce the length of the arc and increase current strength.

Egories are cross-cutting holes at the joints. The cause becomes high current, if the electrode is slow, and too large gaps between the ends of the parts. The defect can be eliminated by adjusting the welding mode.

If pores are formed on the seam, chaotic scattered over the entire length of the joint, this is due to the presence of a draft indoor, due to which the gas cloud is blown from the work zone or if the metal is covered with rust.

There are other defects in the form of cracks, or simply burst suture, it occurs immediately after the metal cools. They can be longitudinal and transverse. Depending on when they formed, they are cold and hot.

Precautions before cooking by welding electrodes

Regardless of where manual electrodeship camping welding is applied with their own hands, the safety technique should be observed, which displays each tutorial on welding work.

Precautions:

It is strictly forbidden to use arc welding in frost and indoors with high humidity.

Be sure to be a mask and a protective flap, which will allow to protect your eyes from the burn.

The clothes should be with a special impregnation with which sparks and drops of hot metal will roll.

Hands need to be covered with suede gloves or special tarpaulin vechers. Due to the fact that welding works are carried out at a large temperature, and the probability of fire is very high, the process should be carried out where there is a water or a fire extinguisher.

Nuances for beginners in welding

In the case of welding there are many tips and even their secrets from each master, but there are a number of general instructions, guided by which, you can carry out work and laying the seams by almost professional levels, even with independent training.

Nuances:

Be sure to remember the ground, namely, there is a special clamp that needs to be tightly imposed on the part.

Be sure to check the insulation of the cable and how thoroughly it is filled into the part.

As soon as the mass is connected, the current is selected, it depends on the type of electrodes and from the material.

Before healing the arc, you need to install the electrode relative to the material at an angle of 60 °.

The principle of operation of welding and the work scheme is not too complicated. Namely, if you start slowly led by the electrode for metal, the sparks will begin to form, which indicates the formation of a welding arc. So that it originates, the electrode needs to be kept so that the space between it and the canval is 5 mm.

What speed should be applied, depends on which it should be: thin or thick. When sticking the electrode, it is enough just to take or tilt it to the side. Reception is simple but efficient. It is worth noting that there is such a term as a welding bath, and it can have different sizes. For example, a width of 8-15 mm, length of 10-30 mm, a depth of 6 mm.

The format depends on:

• Location location - indoors or in space;
• Welding mode;
• Configuration of each connected part;
• Size and shape of the edge;
• The speed of moving arc.

Welding techniques can be used to make a heating boiler or for connecting water pipes. The places of application of welding equipment are simply set, since it is assigned fences, the playgrounds are made, they collect metal structures of high-rise buildings, assemble the drainage systems, set the railing and not only.

With not only work skills with welding equipment, but also an appropriate education, you can equip your home or site by all the necessary structures, as well as get a prestigious work. Naturally, in honor of those welders who have a complete picture of their work, welding modes, features and nuances of this case.

How to cook electrical welding (video lessons)

It is very easy to distinguish a novice from a professional, as it will not be too hurried and will have to digest the seams far from one time. If high-quality welding works are required, but there is not enough experience or knowledge, it is better to trust the process of professionals capable of implementing everything at the highest level and at the same time provide quality guarantee.

Welding inverter for beginners at home

Very often in everyday life there is a need to apply a welded joint, especially in the private sector.

If there is a lot of work, you can use the services of a welder, but if it is a pair of small works, it is better to resort to the help of an inverter welding machine. Why inverter? In fact, it is one of the simplest, available and convenient types of welding.

Welding inverter, for beginners to delve into the theme of welded connections, it will help to disassemble the foundations, spending some money without putting a lot of cones.

To make it easier, let's consider the advantages of this type of welding:

• availability (this is almost a household appliance, each welding equipment store provides a wide selection of inverters);
• low cost (some welding cost cheaper than you pay for welder services);
• low weight, mobility (weighing machines 3 - 10 kg and can easily transferred from place to place);
• versatility (such an apparatus can be welded, almost any metal);
• economy (inverter efficiency of about 90%, and therefore, electricity bills will not be huge);
• low voltage requirements (3 mm electrode can be welding on low currents at 180 - 170V network)
• ease of learning (after reading this material, you will already have enough knowledge of knowledge to get to the welds yourself).

Preliminary preparation

Before dealing with how to cook inverter welding, you need to pre-prepare.

It consists of a number of safety requirements, and this is a clothing, a properly connoissed workplace, individual means of protection and so on.

On the other hand, this is the use of suitable electrodes, as well as setting up a welding inverter. Without these knowledge, get smooth, high-quality seam is quite difficult, but even more difficult to secure security.

Means of protection

Let's start learning how to cook safely or how to protect yourself during metal welding inverter. We will need:

• Gloves from thick fabric (non-rubber).
• Welding mask. For each welding current there should be a self mask, otherwise you will catch the "bunnies" or simply will not be able to control the welded connection. You can also buy a chameleon mask - this is a special mask for a welder, which independently adjusts to the intensity of the arc. For chameleon, there is one remark - at low temperatures, the reaction rate is reduced.
• Clothing that does not ignite from sparks. Requirements for the pants, top and shoes are universal - they must withstand Okalin's hit and do not light up.

Preparation of workplace

The next step is to create a convenient work platform to learn how to cook with a welding inverter. Experienced welders prefer to use a special welded table, for beginners will suit any metal table to conveniently arrange and, if necessary, fix the parts welded.

Of course, sufficient lighting should be organized. So, in the time of work with an inverter, sparks and large scale can occur, the table and space around it should be cleaned of flammable and easily flammable liquids and materials.

The welder itself should stand on the surface protecting against possible lesion, such as a wooden flooring.

How to choose an electrode

To find the electrode when welding inverter, we need to know: the type of metal and its thickness. More experienced welders take into account the position for welding, the depth of the province and other nuances, but we will have enough only two points.

For each type of metal, there is a type of electrode, they are produced, under a specific brand of metal. Stainless alloy, cast iron or ordinary steel can not be cooked by one brand. The thickness of the electrode is selected based on the thickness of the metal and the desired depth of the province.

Inverter connection scheme, polarity

The general scheme looks like this - the outlet welding inverter, mass cable and cable with electrode. Here we are more interested in connecting the welding inverter wire.

From the device there are two cables first - mass, has a clothespin or clip at the end, the second cable is made in the form of a handle with a clamp for the electrode.

We cling the mass cable directly to the weldable part or on the welding table in contact with the product. Insert the wire with the clip and attract the electrode.

There are two options for connecting mass and handle: straight (mass +, handle -) and reverse (mass - handle +). With direct polarity, the amount of heat acting on the metal decreases, the province turns out to be deeper. The direct connection of the welding inverter allows you to brew thick metal.

Reverse polarity during welding inverter concentrates heat on the product and allows you to put a wider seam, but with a smaller coach. With such a connection, thin metal is boiled, which is easy to burn.

Connecting the welding inverter to the network

Preparation of metal

Welded details need to be thoroughly prepared. For this edge is cleaned with a special brush, removing the layer of oxide. After coarse cleaning, they will additionally be degreasing special means.

Position the welded parts correctly. Depending on their position, not only the types of compounds are distinguished, but also the movement of the electrode, voltage, direct or reverse tilt. Distinguish the following connections:

• butt;
• corner;
• brass;
• ending;
• towls.

This preliminary preparation is completed. The question of current strength remained not solved. To begin with, you should choose this parameter, according to the specified electrode manufacturer values. They can be found on the box.

You should not set the value above, the maximum, otherwise the metal will burn, but also in this way you can cut the metal.

If you put too low current strength, then the arc will not be lit and the electrode will begin to shindle.

Welding can not only be connected, but also cut the parts. Having learned to use the inverter for welding, you can figure out the "How to cut the metal?" It is enough to increase the current strength and you can cut the reinforcement or corner. It should also be noted that there is no talk of a smooth cut speech.

Selection of current power during welding electrode

How to work with a welding inverter

The welding inverter occurs when the arc formed between the metal and electrode begins to melting the electrode rod, as well as part of the metal. In the resulting bath, the metals are mixed and form seam. Protect from oxidation and spraying molten metal in the bath, helps a layer of special coating applied to the electrode.

Razjig Dougie

The story about how to cook inverter begins - the arc ignition. For this purpose, one of two ways is applied:

Chirkaya (as a match) electrode, to the start of the welding, we provoke the launch of the arc. If for sure, then we touch the metal electrode, then lead it to the surface and smoothly raise the electrode to the set distance. In this case, if the ignition has not happened, parts of the molten electrode can remain on the metal. Therefore, it is necessary to chirktop directly at the junction site or near it.

Almost the electrode tapping the electrode. The difference is that we do not lead it on the surface of the metal, but simply touch the edge of the welding cable, the starting place of the weld and remove the electrode.

How to move the electrode during welding

All the processes described earlier were no difficulty for the newbie, but now go to more complex tasks.

The first complexity with which a beginner welder is facing the movement of the electrode to form a smooth seam.

If you lit a arc, and then just exactly lead the electrode along the connection site, then the likelihood of getting a good provider and smooth seam is minimal. The exceptions are subtle metals for which such a method of welding is applied.

Three pillars holding a beautiful seam is:

electrode inclination angle;

scheme of longitudinal and transverse movements;

electrode movement speed.

How to learn to weld metal exactly

Let's start in order, with an angle of inclination. Optimal, for welding back and forth, an angle is from 30 to 40 degrees. For hard-to-reach places, you can use work under direct (90 degrees) angle.

The angle of inclination of the electrode during welding

As we said, the seam is placed not linear movement, but combined longitudinal and transverse. There are special patterns with which you can train the electrode.

You can start with simple curls in both directions, then practicing more intricate and angular schemes. Each welder selects a convenient scheme for itself.

You can train your hand at home and without welding, drawing a scheme on paper.

Methods for performing welding seams

The speed is partly trained when drawing schemes. Each line must be clearly removed, so all movements occur smoothly and moderately. Over time, looking at the condition of the bath, you can adjust your speed.

Control arc intermission

The latter, but not the importance point - the distance from the electrode, to the metal or arc gap. Small gap, up to 2 mm leads to the fact that a short arc is formed.

It cannot seriously warm the place of the connection, so the province is completely shallow and part of the molten electrode strongly protrudes over the surface. A large gap, more than 3 millimeters leads to the fact that the arc is very large.

The big arc is unstable, constantly changes the direction of melting. Also, at such a large distance, the melting bath is not completely covered with a protective layer, which means that splashing increases.

To cook the inverter well the correct gap. Optimal arc gap for a beginner welder 2-3 mm. With this distance of the arc, the metal is enough to get a deep and wide province, plus the protective layer works fully.

Depending on the model of the inverter and the presence in it, various functions that facilitate welding withstand the distance between the electrode and the metal is sometimes not required. It will be enough to maintain an electrode on the surface of the metal.

Useful addition to the following video described above:

• Do not neglect the means of protection, especially eye protection. Even a fleeting look at the welding can cause retinal burns, and more prolonged action will inevitably cause deterioration or even loss of vision.
• At first attempts to cook various connections you will have a lot of errors.

  Before entering into finishing work, we advise several days to practice in various types of compounds.

• Start working with welding, even a child, but even and reliable welded connection is the result of training and a thorough approach to business.
• Do not forget to knock the slag, after welding otherwise you are stimulating corrosion processes.
• Do not know why the electrode sticks? Pay attention to current strength settings, as well as dry electrodes.
• Electrodes for the inverter must be injured in a dry room. Raw electrodes can be dried in the oven.
• Before turning on / off, check the position of the wire otherwise you can cause a short circuit.
• The instruction manual for the welding inverter contains information about the operating cycle. This is the optimal duration of the continuous operation of the mechanism, after which the working apparatus starts overheat.

  The working cycle must be alternating with breaks.

We hope that this material fully answered questions you are interested in and you can easily connect a welding inverter, the technique of welding inverter has become available for you.

Using this guide, gradually you will begin to improve your skills, you can weld metal inverter without any problems. After a short practice, you can independently replace the fence, weld the arch under the grapes and a number of other welders. Good luck

Welding is one of the most complicated, but extremely popular technologies for working with metals. Where you do not throw a look - welded joints are necessarily used. Without this process, no industrial production, construction company, repair or service enterprise do not cost. The welding and in the construction and improvement of their own housing becomes indispensable.

But here is the problem - welded works require some preparedness. You can, of course, if necessary, contact the masters of welders on ads, or to their familiar who own the necessary skills. But it is better to still put a question in front of you - how to learn how to work with electric welding yourself, so as not to be anyone dependent. Today, when home welding equipment has ceased to be a problem, the ability to carry out such works, especially for the owner of individual housing - an invaluable plus, since many problems will simply stop exist.

But first of all, it is necessary to deal with the basic concepts of electric welding and acquire and equipment. Welding is such a technological process, where the quality of work is directly dependent on the workplace equipment.

What types of electric welding exist

The very essence of electric welding is as follows. The power plant produces a powerful welding current, which cables are summarized to the working post. Electric welding arc is created between the electrode and the surface of the welded metal, which is characterized by the highest temperature indicators. This leads to the melting of metal and the additive material. The so-called welding bath is formed - the area of \u200b\u200bthe melt, controlling and directing the welder forms seam. After removing the arc, the molten metal crystallization occurs and a solid monolithic connection of parts is created.

This very simplistic described scheme is implemented in several welding technologies:

• Samoa common is a manual arc welding, which on the existing terminology has an abbreviation MMA (from the English name " MaNuel. Metal ARS"). The main feature is the use of fused electrodes with special coating. Advantages - not required special technical support, gas equipment. The disadvantage is the possibility of welded work only with ferrous metals or stainless steel.

In the overwhelming number of cases, if welding on the household level is considered, it is meant that this technology.

• Welding on TIG technology allows you to work with alloyed steel and some non-ferrous metals. Term " TungsteN. INERT. GAS."Says for himself: tungsten and inert gas. The arc in this case is created between the welded surface and the unlawful tungsten electrode, and the filling is introduced a twist of one or another type. Simultaneously through the welding torch with a heat-resistant ceramic nozzle, protective inert gas is constantly fed, which ensures the purity of the seam.

Welding according to the kind technology has a lot of advantages, but requires special equipment, and highly qualified employee.

METAL INERT GAS - Metal Astive. GAS.) - One of the most advanced modern technologies, which is increasingly used by domestic masters. The cooking process also passes in the medium of inert or active gases with automatic feeding material (welding wire) which plays the role of the electrode.

This technology allows you to perform high quality seams in any plane and with very high performance. To some extent, it is even easier than M.Ma, but requires a complex and sufficient bulky equipment - the welding machine itself, the wire feed mechanism, a gas-balloon device, a burner with a special sleeve, through which the wire and protective gas belongs.

• There is also a point electric welding - Spot, which finds the widest use in particular, on body sections of auto repair enterprises. It will also require special complex equipment, and at home practically does not apply.

Manual arc welding MMA - what will be required for work?

Any newcomer always begins with the development of techniques for manual arc welding (MMA), so all the questions under consideration will be devoted to it.

To start independently practicing, it is necessary to prepare definite equipment, equipment and consumables.

Welding apparatus for arc welding

For carrying out welding work on MMA technology, one of three types of devices is used:

• Welding transformer is one of the simplest types of equipment. The principle of operation is elementary - network voltage 220 V (or 380, for a three-phase network) is converted to lower, about 25 - 50 V, but due to this sharply increase the value of the current for the current. Such a scheme is simplicity, high reliability and simplicity , High power rates. Such devices are inexpensive, which is probably largely predetermined by their prevalence.

The shortcomings of the transformer is much larger - the welding arc from the AC is not distinguished by stability, there are no disclosure cases of electrodes, a large splashing of the metal, the seams do not differ accuracy. In addition, special electrodes will be required for the "change". Welding transformers are very dependent on the mains voltage, and in the process of work themselves can seriously "disturb" the network. They do not differ compactness and ease. In short, to start learning with such equipment is undesirable. As a rule, good skills will be required to work on such devices.

• Welding MMA-rectifiers differ from T Ransformators in that they give a permanent current at the output. It is much easier to work with them, since the "constant" arc is much more stable, and the seams are obtained more neat.

But, disadvantages remain - The same massiveness and overallity, even more, rather than in welding transformers, dependence on supply voltage and a large load on the network. For the price they are more expensive than transformer vehicles.

• Without exaggeration, it can be said that literally a revolution in welding technologies produced devices operating in the inverter scheme. Network alternating voltage 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz passes a whole cascade of frequency and amplitude transformations, and the input obtained the required DC with the highest degree of stabilization. All processes are controlled by a microprocessor assembly, which allows the required adjustments with a high degree of accuracy.

The most modern solution is a welding inverter

All this gives a whole "bouquet" of the advantages of such an apparatus:

- The equipment calmly transfers sufficiently serious oscillations M \u003d network voltage, which is particularly important in country villages, where such problems are very frequent phenomenon.

- At the same time, inverters, compared to other devices, minimal energy consumption - they practically do not overload the network.

- Stabilized current and the possibility of its accurate adjustment allow you to perform accurate and neat seams. Sprinkling is practically absent.

- The device is characterized by compactness and low weight.

A wide range of similar devices is produced - from household inverters to professional equipment. For beginners of welders is most optimal The solution. The highest-quality inverters are quite high, but, first, tend to decline, and secondly, such a one-time purchase will fully justify itself. A lot of inexpensive devices appeared selling a very dubious assembly. So it is very important to properly approach the problem inverter selection - You must definitely pay attention to a number of important nuances:

• Maximum welding current. If the device is planned to be applied under household conditions, then, as a rule, stop On models with a value of 150 - 200 A. this is quite enough to work with electrodes of diameters up to 4 mm.
• Stability of the electronic circuit to network voltage drops. High-quality inverters must withstand oscillations within ± 20 ÷ 25%.
• The inverter must have a system of forced cooling, which is constantly working with power on, or equipped with automatic, starting ventilation at a certain value of radiators temperature.
• We should not forget about the power consumption of the device - it can be about 2 ÷ 3 kW in small models, but can achieve more significant values \u200b\u200bin the devices semi-professional or professional Class.
• What about m. M legs simply do not know: a parameter that determines the permissible duration of the welding process - the duration of inclusion (PV). No apparatus can work without breaks, and the parameters necessarily indicate PV, expressed as a percentage of the overall duration of the equipment. In the household models, this is usually about 40% - nothing can be done, such is the fee for the compactness of the device. In practice, this means that the period of "recreation", in this case, is 1.5 times longer than the time of welding, for example, 1 minute of continuous operation will then require no less than one and a minute of a minute pause.
• For novice welders will be very convenient if some useful functions are implemented in the device scheme:

- "NotstaRt" significantly facilitates the original spokesign of the welding arc. Electronics automatically pulse increases current value at the moment of ignition.

- "ARCFORCE" will help to cope with the eternal problem of newbies - the electrode to the metal surface. With a decrease in the desired gap between the electrode and the metal, the current increases, preventing this nuisance.

- "Antistick" is a function that will prevent the overheating of the automaton if the sticking is avoided still failed. In this case, the power will simply turn off.

Another important advice. "Achilles fifth" inverters is a certain complexity of carrying out repair work in the event of a scheme exit. When choosing the device, it is better to give preference to models with a multidimensional layout of the electronic circuit. Buy similar devices are a bit more expensive, but the diagnosis of breakdowns becomes easier, maintainability is much higher.

Video: How to choose a welding inverter

Prices for popular welding inverters

Welding inverters

Welding wires, electrode holder, mass clamp

Welding inverters are usually already equipped with wires, electrodes holder and mass clamp. However, when buying on these elements, it is also worth paying close attention - sometimes you can run into poor-quality products.

• Welding wires must be in flexible rubber insulation, have reliable brass contact forks suitable for connectors of a particular apparatus. The cable cross section should be at least 16 mm² if the device is designed for current up to 150 A, 25 mm² - at 200 A and even 35 mm², if it is assumed to work with currents 250 A and higher. It should not be chased behind a large wire length or to extend them yourself - this can lead to the overload of electronics and the output of the inverter.
• The electrode holder is the most important element of the equipment of the welder, since it is the master manipulates in the process of work. It is not necessary to use homemade "forks" - it is quite dangerous in terms of obtaining light burns of the eyes or lesion. SAME common And today is the holders of the passative type - "clothespins". Some are convenient, allow you to easily and quickly replace the electrode, well isolated from all sides and ensure proper safety.

Some of the most common - holders - "clothespins" of the passage type

The holder must have a reliable clamp for electrodes, allowing to be placed from not only perpendicular, but also at an angle of 45 º. It is necessary not to be lazy and check the material of the contact part - there should be copper or brass, but in no way copper steel. This is a clear sign. Cheap fake, which is easy to reveal with a small magnet. It is necessary to check the reliability of the fixation of the electrodes, especially small diameter (2 mm) - there are often problems in low-quality clutter-type holders.

An important factor is the convenience of the holder, its balance, "ravage" - work with it should not cause quickly fatigue. It should have a rather long handle that allows you to take the most comfortable position of the hand, a corrugated surface to eliminate slipping in the palm of a mittens. Do not forget that the maximum value of the welding current is also defined for holders.

• The mass connection clamp should have a powerful spring, a reliable connection with a wire, brass contacts for crimping a metal blank, connected by a copper bus.

Equipment of the welder

• First of all, for welding work, a mask or shield will be required. The shields often go in a set of inverters, but they have inconvenience - it must be kept free hand, and this is not always possible. It is better to purchase a full-fledged mask.

This item of equipment protects eyes from light burns, covers his face from a metal spray or spark, and respiratory organs, to a certain extent, from rising gases. At the same time, the light filter should provide a good visibility of the applied seam when the arc is ignited - the selection is made individually. The light filter should be covered with protective glass.

The mask itself is made of heat-resistant plastic. It should not be heavy and bulky, causing fast fatigue. It is necessary to check the convenience of the head and its fixation in the desired position, the ability to adjust the desired size.

Masks - "chameleons", equipped with special liquid crystal filters, instantly changing svetrability At the time of the ignition of the arc. Convenience is indisputable - there is no need to constantly cast a mask for visual control of the executed seam, the arc ignition process is simplified. Such masks have certain degrees of speed adjustment and the degree of dimming is another significant advantage. The lack of them is a fairly high price.

• For work, special clothing will be required, stitched by their durable dense tank, excluding instant percentage or burning when sparking (for example, tarpaulin) Storage pockets on a jacket or pants are categorically prohibited.

The shoes should be leather, fully closed, its top should be securely hide behind the pants. Hands must be protected with leather or dense tarpaulin mittens or gloves (kragami) with long cuffs, fully closing the wrist area.

• For the production of welding, you also need a special slag Slag Hammer, Iron metal surface stripping brush. Slicing billets and cutting parts (chamfering, etc.) will require a "Bulgarian" machine with cutting and grinding circles.

What electrodes use?

Electrode represents a Steel rod, covered with a layer of coating. The rod is both the conductor for the welding current, and the additive material. The coating when exposed to high temperatures creates a protective layer of slags and gas that protects the weld from the instantaneous oxidation with oxygen and air nitrogen.

It is very important to choose the electrodes

There are situations when the equipment is good, and everything seems to be done according to the rules, but the weld does not work. Perhaps the reason lies in the wrong selection of electrodes. Alas, but many beginner masters pick them up, focusing only on the thickness of the cross section of the rod, releasing the remaining characteristics. Meanwhile, the classification of electrodes is quite complex and diverse. Of course, you can get advice when buying, if of course the seller himself understands. But you can try to deal with some questions and independently.

For example - electrode E42 A-U. Oh-13 / 45- 3.0-beats (Beast 9966-75) or E-432 (5) - B 1 0 (Beast 9967- 75). What can I tell the numbers and letters?

• E42 A- special designation, speaking mechanical and strength qualities of the seam created. Characteristic, more requiring engineering calculations.
• UOH -13/45 - here is encrypted brand of product. which is assigned to him by the manufacturer.
• 3,0 – the diameter of the metal rod is 3 mm.
• Letter "U" it suggests that it is intended for welding carbon or low-alloy steels - what is most often required at home. You can meet the notation "L", "T", "B" - these are electrodes for alloyed and in strong steels of different types, and "H" - To create a surfacing layer on the metal surface.
• Letter "D" in this example, talks about thick coating. The thin layer will be indicated "M" , middle - "FROM" And very thick - "G". Preference should be given to thick coating.

According to the next GOST, the decryption is as follows:

• E-432 (5) - Information for specialists about the physicochemical properties of the prescribed additive.

"B" - This is the classification of the coating. In the example above - the main one. Moreover You can meet such designations:

- "BUT" - acidic type coating, suitable for constances, I. for a change for any Types of seams, but gives a strong splashing.

- "B" - The main one is used for welding of powerful thick parts using reverse polarity.

- "R" - Rutile coating is one of the most common, perfectly suitable for a beginner welder and for work at home.

- "C" - coating with the pulp component. It is very convenient for the work of a large scale, but requires special qualifications of the welder, since it does not tolerate overheating.

- "RC", "RCZH" — combined type. Letter "F", in addition, indicates the inclusion of the iron powder. Mainly used by qualified specialists for a special type of work.

• The following digit indicates the spatial location of the seams that can be executed by this electrode.

— "one" - universal;

- "2" - all but vertical top down;

— "3" - unacceptable "ceiling" and vertical, as well as in paragraph 2;

- "four" - The electrode can perform exclusively lower seams.

• The latter marking digit is an index that speaks about the parameters of the desired welding current. The data is reduced to a special table, taking into account the type of current, and the value of the idle stroke voltage, and the necessary polarity. In order not to delve into details - only a few words about what needs to be considered. Ten total gradations, from «0» before "nine" . For AC, any, except «0» . When "constantly", the polarity of the connection will not matter for indexes "1", "4", "7" . Electrodes "2", "5" and "eight" - exclusively for direct polarity, and "0", "3", "6" , I. "nine" - Only for reverse.

The diameter of the electrodes is selected depending on the thickness of the weldable parts. It is simplified can be focused on the following parameters:

- for billets with a thickness of up to 2 mm - Ø 1.5 ÷ 2.5 mm;

- 3 mm - Ø 3.0;

- 4 ÷ 5 mm - Ø 3.0 ÷ 4.0;

- 6 ÷ 12 mm - Ø 4.0 ÷ 5.0;

- Over 12 mm - Ø 5.0.

Video: Classification of electrodes for manual arc welding

Prices for welding electrodes

Electrodes for welding

Preparation of workplace

To proceed with practical classes, it is necessary to prepare a workplace:

• It is best to work in the fresh air and an open space - the likelihood of fire structures is eliminated, less impact of toxic evaporation.
• Near the workplace should not be any flammable materials or liquids.
• In case of ignition, fire extinguishing means should be prepared - water, a foolish cape from dense tissue, sand. At the same time, water can be used to extinguish the flame only with full de-energization of the device.

Optimal solution - Metal welding workbench

• Work is best on a metal workbench. The question of fixing the blanks (vice, clamps, etc. should be thought out. )
• The extension can have a cable cross section that corresponds to the peak power consumed of the welding machine.
• Before starting work, it is necessary to provide measures to exclude the emergence of foreign people, and in particular children.

First practical steps

If everything is ready, you can move to practical actions. To begin with, it is best to prepare a metal sheet, stripped from dirt and rust - the first steps to work better on it without hurrying to immediately weld any details.

The billet joins the mass clamp. A good contact is very important in the connection site - it should be cleared the metal brush

Start training is best with electrodes Ø 3 mm - with them it is easier to "fill the hand." The magnitude of the welding current in this case will be about 80-100 A. The electrode is inserted into the holder, the reliability of its fastening is checked.

• The first "exercise" will be ignition and retaining the welding arc. To do this, after turning on the device and lowering the mask, you need to either clarify the electrode for the top of the metal, or knock on one place several times. A spark must appear, and now the most important thing is to keep the burning arc. For this, it is necessary to strictly withstand the gap between the electrode and the metal surface. The position of the electrode is approximately 30 º from the perpendicular to the surface.

A normal gap is considered to be approximately equal to the thickness of the electrode rod - this is called a short arc. With inverter welding using high-quality and dry electrodes, it is not possible to arise with the stability of the arc. With an increase in the gap to 4 - 5 mm, a long arc is obtained, which will not give a high-quality seam. Excessive approximation of the electrode to the surface can end with its sticking. In this case, you should immediately swing the holder aside until the rod overheating began.

When maintaining the arc, it should be remembered that the electrode constantly burns out, and it is necessary to adjust its position relative to the metal surface.

• Now you need to clearly understand the structure of the melted metal in the arc area. At the beginning of heating, a red liquid stain appears - this is not a metal, but the melted coating of the electrode, which created the protective layer. After 2-3 seconds, a bright orange or even whitish drop with light shake or ripples on its surface will appear in the center of this spot - this is a welding bath, a molten metal area. It is important to learn how to clearly distinguish the liquid slag and the bath itself - the quality of the applied seam will depend on it.
• As soon as the bath has been formed, we begin to try to carry out its movement, smoothly moving the electrode without changing the gap. The metal drop is always moved to an elevated temperature area, so the bath will strive for the arc. For its part, the pressure of the arc is somewhat repelled the bath in the opposite direction. Having worked on practically and realizing this principle, you can try to form a roller of the weld metal on the surface of the sheet.
• For some complication, the task is best to outline on the metal surface to withstand when creating a welded roller. The electrode will move along the line with small oscillatory movements to the parties - as shown in the diagram.

After the imposition of this "seam", it is necessary to give it to cool, and then leaf slag layer to visually assess the quality. You may need to adjust the strength of the current. This, for example, will be noticeably on unwanted areas - current is clearly insufficient. Increased value can lead to a leaf burning. All this is determined only experimentally, any clear recommendations to give it difficult.

First exercise - creation of smooth rollers

The porosity of the seams is not allowed, the inclusion in the metal structure of the slag particles is the connection is not distinguished by strength.

In practice, it will be possible to determine which direction of welding will be most convenient - on yourself or from yourself, stretching the bath behind the electrode or vice versa, pushing it forward. Many masters advise still welding if smooth and high-quality rollers began to be obtained, you can move to the next step - to weld the two blanks.

• Welded seams in spatial position are lower, on a vertical plane (horizontal or vertical) and ceiling. Start, of course, you need from the bottom - the ability to perform the rest will not come right away, as experience accumulates.

• By the location of the conjugated parts of the seams, they are divided into butt, corner, brazers and filadies. Each of them has its own features of the imposition, the movement of the electrode, cutting and placing billets.
• The welding of two parts start with tapes that will ensure the stable position of the parts when the main seam is applied. Usually, the current is inserted into 20-30% more, while working on a short arc. At the same time, the tapes should not be closer than 10 mm from the edge of the blanks or near from the vertices. After imposing tapes, it is possible to monitor the correctness of the position and make the necessary adjustments.

• Initially, you should learn to impose single-layer seams on thin, 3- 4 mm blanks. More complex options, with root coarse and filling, can be mastered, stable skills will be achieved with the simplest techniques.

You should not be afraid of these first failures - the experience will surely come

In short, everything else will depend only on the efforts and regular practical workouts of the novice welder. Well, if it is possible to turn to a specialist so that it can estimate the results obtained. If not - you can compare the results of your work with video outputs with master classes on arc welding. Experience, hardness of the hand, the ability to choose the correct parameters and confidence in their abilities will necessarily come.

Video: Master class on manual arc welding

A good welding machine greatly facilitates all the work on the metal. It allows you to connect and cut various parts of iron, which differ in its thickness and density of steel.

Modern technologies offer a huge selection of models that differ in power and size. Reliable designs have a sufficiently high cost. Budget options, as a rule, have a short life.

Our material presents a detailed instruction how to make a welding machine with your own hands. Before starting the workflow, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the type of welding equipment.

Types of welding machine

The devices of this technique differ in several types. Each mechanism has some features that are displayed on performed operation.

Modern welding machines are divided into:

• dC models;
• with alternating current
• three-phase
• investment.

A variable current model is considered the simplest mechanism that can be easily made independently.

A simple welding machine allows you to perform complex work with iron and fine steel. To assemble a similar design, you need to have a specific set of materials.

These include:

• wire for winding;
• the core made of transformer steel. It is necessary for winding a welder.

All these details can be purchased in specialized stores. Detailed consultation of specialists helps to make the right choice.

AC design

Experienced welders call a similar structure with a downstream transformer.

How to make a welding machine with your own hands?

The first thing to do is to make the main core correctly. For this model, it is recommended to choose a rod type of part.

For its manufacture, you will need plates made of transformer steel. Their thickness is 0.56 mm. Before proceeding with the core assembly, it is necessary to observe its size.

How to calculate the details settings correctly?

Everything is simple enough. The size of the central hole (windows) must accommodate the entire transformer winding. The photo of the welding machine shows a detailed scheme of the assembly of the mechanism.

The next step will be the assembly of the core. For this, it takes fine transformer plates that connect to the required thickness of the part.

Next we wind down the lowering transformer consisting of the turns of thin wire. For this make 210 turns of thin wire. On the other hand, make winding out of 160 turns. The third and fourth primary winding should contain 190 turns. After that, a thick platinum is fixed on the surface.

The ends of the wound wire are fixed by a bolt. Its surface mark the number 1. The following wires of the wire are fixed in a similar way with applying the corresponding markup.

Note!

In the finished design there should be 4 bolts with different number of turns.

In the finished design, the ratio of winding winding will be 60% to 40%. This result provides normal operation of the device and good quality welding fastening.

Control the supply of electrical energy can be controlled by switching the wires to the required amount of winding. In the process of work it is not recommended to overheat the welding mechanism.

DC apparatus

These models allow you to perform complex work on thick steel sheets and cast iron. The main advantage of this mechanism is a simple assembly that will not take much time.

The welding supplement is the design of the secondary winding with an additional rectifier.

Note!

It will be made of diodes. In turn, they must withstand electrical current in 210 A. For this, elements with marking D 160-162 are suitable. Such models are quite often used to work on an industrial scale.

The main welding supplies are made from the printed circuit board. Such a welding semi-automatic withstands electricity jumps during long-term operation.

Repair of the welding machine will not be much difficult. It is enough to replace the damaged area of \u200b\u200bthe mechanism. In the event of a serious breakage, it is necessary to re-implement the primary and secondary winding.

Photo of the welding machine do it yourself

Note!

In everyday life, especially in a rural output and country housing, there is a type of work on a mini farm, without which it is simply impossible to do. This is a compound or cutting of any iron, non-ferrous metals and aluminum (in a protective gas environment) with the help of electric arc welding. Hiring masters on them is more expensive.

What a welding machine is needed

Melts without welding will not collect any mechanical adaptation, nor mini-transport to facilitate work in the field, garden, garden, transportation is very much.

It is clear that the welder can not be in an instant, you need to learn or at least practicing professionals. And, of course, collect yourself or acquire a shopping device for an electric arge.

And our tips will help them orientize in assortment and models. Since this market is filled and reliable in work, but expensive, and cheap, but useless due to poor quality or for primitive welding.

Typification of electric arc apparatuses

Such household devices have such types:

• current varieties;
• three-phase 380 V.;
• inverter.

The most suitable devices for home assembly to people with small skills in electricity based on currents - constant and alternating.

Although the first current there are several variations, and in them a newcomer can be confused. We advise them for trained electricity.

And then consider how to make the welding machine with your own hands quickly and efficiently.

Transformers. These devices reduce the voltage and increase the current to form an electric arc. For example, instead of 220 volts, you get 17-45, but with a current to the six hundred amp (domestic welding you need not more than 160 amps, optimum - two and a half hundred).

Current adjustment is performed stepped. You can make a simple addition for this from high-voltage triodes and diodes with adjustable resistance. Or connect several turns of thick metal (copper) to reduce current. The scheme of the welding machine is shown on the site, you can consider both on the video.

In addition, they perform and second function - form a constant current with the help of built-in rectifiers also for welding work.

The greatest number of self-made are created on the basis of current transformation and voltage in one direction or another. Their properties are enough for uncomplicated electricity in everyday life.

Rectifier. It is also a welding unit, but for quality work and with a variety of metals. In everyday life is not made. And to acquire such a device, by the way, is not cheap, it is only for long-term welding processes and to create particularly durable seams.

For example, with large road traffic accidents with significant damage to the car body. Considering the subtle metal to not overheat and make the necessary compounds, not inferior to the factory.

Inverters (from English - converters). First of the classification of currents: there is a permanent (DC) and variable (AC).

Scientists, from Edisson and at least the famous Nikola Tesla, were interested in these transitions of one to another. So an inverter welding machine arose.

Current transformation in it is multiple. The amplitude current turns into a permanent one, and the one by means of a welding transformer is again either in DC or in AC.

Both, depending on which the scheme is configured, then turn into an electric argeum with a gradual change in its parameters in the desired ranges.

It is difficult to create it at home, but on sale - it is massive, despite the significant high cost.

What "cook"?

The current force depends on the tool that will produce welding - electrode.

Its thickness is tied to the thickness of the welded parts: if they are equal to five - six millimeters, the electrode should not be thinner than four. This is a maximum of homemade.

You can reduce the consumption of electricity if you boil the dimensions of thinner cores (up to one and a half cm). In this case, the current will decline five times.

Installation of the welded unit in the form of a transformer

This requires:

• a set of plates for a magnetic pipeline - in the bazaars from the burnt windings, buy cheap or disassembly;
• large wire on both types of windings.

The basis for them is steel plates not thinner a third of a millimeter. They are collecting them into a rectangle with a large internal space, where the primary and secondary winding should be placed from two vertical sides.

The number of turns depends on the steel frame area, to calculate it easily with a ruler and arithmetic. And the amount to divide in half.

The thickness of the wire is calculated according to such a scheme: the kilowatts of the welder are divided into two thousand and multiplied by one with thirteen hundred.

How the design of the welding machine is assembled. First, the primary winding is wound, start the layer on the layer, insulate the entire winding, output to the contact plate with four mounts: the beginning and end of the winding on the connection 220 V., Two more taps from 165 and 190 turns. Tires - current variators.

The secondary winding goes like this: out of 70 turns 40-41 are covered on top of the primary, the remaining coils go to the other side.

Its ends also output to Getinaks (textolite) - from here Plus and Minus will leave one on the welding lever, the second is on the welded item. The device is ready for work. Make a photo of the self-made welding machine.

During long-term operation, it is possible to repair a welding machine: the fastening tightening of plates (vibrate), contact plates.

Photo tips how to make a welding machine with your own hands