Building - One of the key industries in the XXI century. Modern construction contains new developments for the creation of new building materials and construction technologies to improve the quality of buildings and structures, their durability, the speed of construction, and lower the economic costs of materials and works. This article will provide new innovative and information technologies in construction.

Innovative technologies - These are funds and methods intended for consistent innovation. With their help, you can improve the basic properties of buildings, as well as the speed of their construction. Technologies do not stand still, and scientists have already been able to embody several ideas.

1. "Flying" houses

Japan never ceases to affect its development. The idea is simple - so that the house does not collapse as a result of the earthquake, he simply should not be on Earth. So they came up with flying at home, and all this is quite real. The Japanese Design Company "Air Danshin Systems Inc." has developed a system that allows buildings to rise above the ground and "soar" over the earthquake on it. The house is located on the air cushion and after the sensors are triggered, it will simply hang over the ground, and during such a change the residents of the building will not feel anything.

The foundation is not attached to the design itself. After the harvest, the house sits on the frame located at the top of the foundation. During the earthquake, sensors are activated, which are located around the perimeter of the building. After that, they will immediately launch the injection compressor, located at home. It will provide "levitation" of the building at a height of 3-4 cm from the ground. Thus, the house will not contact the Earth and avoid the consequences of underground jokes. "Flying houses" took into the development of many Japanese firms, in the near future know-how will appear in other regions of Asia, which often suffer from earthquakes.

2. Technology Building Dome Houses without nails

Scientists of the Far Eastern Federal University create modern wooden dome houses, at the same time, as in good old

the times of Russian architects, - without a single nail. Their uniqueness is to apply new lock designs between the individual parts of the wooden spherical frame. The dome house from wooden parts is created in a record short time. Literally in a matter of hours grows the frame of an unusual home. Today, this technology is wanted already in several cities of Russia. Between themselves, the links are joined with a special lock, which perceives all loads - vertical, side and so on. Details are made with such accuracy that it turns out a kind of designer. Anyone, having such a set with a small assembly instruction, can mount this design yourself.

1. Self-adhesive elastic concrete

The idea of \u200b\u200bthis material was found in ordinary shells. The fact is that the sinks are enriched with the necessary complex of minerals that give them elasticity. It is these minerals that are added to the concrete. The new type of concrete is incredibly elastic, more resistant to cracks, and even 40-50% is easier. Such concrete will not break even with very strong bends. Even the earthquake is not terrible. An extensive network of cracks after such tests will not affect its strength. After removing the load, the concrete will begin the recovery process. How does this happen? The secret is very simple. Conventional rainwater during reaction with concrete and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contributes to the formation of calcium carbonate in concrete. This substance fastens the emerging cracks, "treats" concrete. After removing the load, the restored section of the slab will have the same strength as before. Such concrete is going to introduce in the construction of responsible structures, for example, bridges.

For a successful construction organization during increasing competition, it is necessary to automate project and settlement work as much as possible, thereby saving time and costs of human labor. Automation can be used by using information technologies.

The use of information technologies in construction from solving settlement tasks began. Currently, these are the most comprehensive integrated project management systems: architectural construction, calculations of supporting structures, construction management programs.

Architectural and Construction Design

Among the programs for architectural and construction design, AutoCAD dominates surrounded by numerous application programs for different design directions. Prices and level of service - for every taste and financial capabilities. In the designers environment, such systems of architectural and construction design were most common as: Speedikon, ARFACAD, AutoCAD Architectural Desktop. All specified software products allow built-in tools to largely automate the designer work and reduce development time.

Calculations of bearing structures

The integrated system of analysis and design of construction structures SCAD Office attracts the attention of specialists only the CIS. The 32-bit SCAD system under Windows 98 / NT is designed for the strength calculation of building structures and systems, for example, the supporting structures of the entire building, with static and dynamic effects. The permissible number of elements exceeds 65000. A single graphic environmental synthesis of the calculated circuit and results analysis provides unlimited possibilities for modeling the calculated schemes of complex structures, satisfying the needs of experienced professionals.

Construction management programs

The technology management technology of building organizations is so specific and difficult, which can hardly be satisfactorily automated using modern versions of expensive SAP R / 3 systems. Here, as a rule, special management systems are used. From domestic developments, you can mention the Bastion systems (Petrostroisystem JSC), "Construction" (ICF "Expert") and "Hector-Builder" (NTC "Hector")

The Bastion software complex is a comprehensive system of financial and economic activities of the construction complex enterprises. The system allows you to track all financial flows of the enterprise in cuts of construction sites, divisions, costs, warehouse accounting, control over the consumption of materials.

The complex of programs "Stroyak" is a mainly corporate system. The construction system was laid on the automation of management processes in large construction associations in a centralized management model, which was reflected in the architecture and basic principles of the construction of the system. However, the developer team in the measure of its capabilities tried to track the changes occurring in the country, as a result of which a multifunctional modular control system appeared, probably one of the most powerful domestic developments in this area.

Software complex "Hector-Builder" It is a set of interconnected software modules designed to solve the main issues of preparing and manufacturing construction, automation of planning, including calendar, accounting for actual performance, accounting of mutual settlements, logistics of construction objects, as well as the issue of estimates.

Each owner seeks to build a comfortable, cozy and functional house in the minimum time. It is best before the design and construction started with modern technologies, innovative solutions, the use of which will allow to build a house of their dreams. In this article we will consider the newest materials and technologies used in private construction.

Modern Materials - New Word in Building Building

Every year all new building materials appear on the market, which allow you to build houses cheaper, faster, more reliable and safer for a person. It should be borne in mind that new technologies in construction and high-tech materials are different concepts. To build houses today, blocks made of foam and aerated concrete, sandwich panels, sip-panels, OSB-stoves, rounded logs and other production innovations, but they do not intend to apply new technological techniques in the construction of objects, but have unique features in Installation.

Blocking products are distinguished by large size than a piece ceramic brick, differs by high energy intensity, low weight and varying density. These features make it possible to significantly reduce the construction time of buildings while maintaining high characteristics of strength, practicality and comfort of a new object. Another advantage of such materials is less cost than that of the brick, and therefore the smaller cost of construction as a whole.

Rounded log - natural material from wood, which is characterized by a high heat capacity and an attractive value compared to the classic already glued bar. That is, the customer simply saves on the material, reduces the construction budget of the object, but the technology remains classical.

For private construction, modern panels are perfectly suitable, which are fully prepared for construction work, can have thermal insulating layers, protection against wind and moisture. Such materials remain just correctly installed so that you can enjoy a comfortable life in your cottage. The high popularity of panels, as well as other modern materials, is due to their low cost.

TISE technology - principles and essential advantages

However, in addition to the materials, the modern world makes it possible to use innovative technologies in construction. One of these technologies is a tees or a rearranged formwork. Today it is very popular, as it allows to build structures without the use of a large number of special technical means and cost one pair of hands.

This method suggests the installation of pile elements or a device of a column foundation supplemented by the frame. The only thing that will be needed to build a new structure - the car for tees. The installed light foundation put wall block panels. Panels are created directly on the construction site from high quality concrete. As a form, there is a mobile formwork, which is used to fill all modules alternately.

The main advantages of tees technology can be attributed:

• monolithic design and no cold bridges;
• the ability to perform construction work without expensive services of professional brigades;
• high variability of block composition.

To increase the strength, reliability and attractiveness of the new structure, ready-made concrete blocks are facing the brick, which gives the object increased stability, resistance to external influences and durability.

Construction of a frame object - an affordable solution for each

A frame house is a constructive simple structure that is simple and cheap construction. Thanks to a light foundation, a variety of options for arrangement of a frame, the ability to build one- and two-storey facilities, such buildings are very popular.

The frame house consists of block elements that can be placed vertically, horizontally and diagonally. Separate elements can be connected to each other in different ways. Depending on personal financial capabilities and preferences, for the construction of a frame, you use different materials, starting with wood, ending with metal.

The metal frame for residential buildings is more durable, but requires for the construction of the use of special drilling and welding equipment, which complicates the construction procedure and sometimes makes it impossible to build an object without professional help of qualified craftsmen. Upon resistance to external influences, sawn timber is not inferior to metals, differ in simplicity of assembly and provide a new building with geometric stability.

Walls in frame structures can be filled with different materials, but most often - sip-panels and OSP plates. OSP Plates are wall panels filled with by any existing thermal insulation materials - minorvata, polyurethane foam, foam concrete and others. The default sip panels are equipped with thermal insulation, and also have windproof and hydraulic protection.

When planning your home, it is necessary to take into account all the characteristics and features of the materials used. If you want to build a building from sip panels, remember their sufficiently large weight. To build an object with their own hands, you will have to use lightweight building elements, otherwise you will need help professionals with special lifts.

Sip panels are much easier than most of the other materials used in the construction of materials. Despite this, they allow you to build very warm, durable and practical buildings. Modern sip-panels are not afraid of snowfall, hurricane winds and other extremely adverse weather influences.

The main advantages of framework technology can be attributed:

• the low weight of the whole design, which allows to carry out construction on any soil without complex and costly earthworks;
• minimization of the expenditures of the object;
• the permissibility of a simple redevelopment of the building in the process of its operation;
• the possibility of the completion of the object;
• the variability of the internal and external objects of the object.

Easily facing. If necessary, you can with minor financial costs to repair the exterior of the object at least each season.

Construction methodology from 3D panels

3D panels is a vivid example of innovation in construction. Such a technology appeared relatively recently, and therefore it has not yet managed to become well-known owners and developers. In essence, construction technology from 3D panels is a modified, even more urgent framework of buildings.

3D panels are from panopolisol, reinforced by mesh reinforcement on both sides. Between the panels are connected by the rods of reinforcement, which take through through the entire structure, which ensures the building stability, high strength, resistance to any external influences. At the same time, the design is low weight and its assembly can be engaged independently.

The house of the 3D panels does not have a rigid frame, this is a panel building associated with reinforcing paper clips. When all wall panels are formed from the panels, the design is poured with a concrete shirt, which further improves the characteristics of the building. The advantages of houses from 3D panels can be attributed to:

• panels are made of energy-efficient polymers, because the object during operation will lose the minimum amount of heat;
• prostate and high assembly rate;
• panels are created in industrial environments, which ensures excellent quality of each individual element of the object and the whole building as a whole;
• the panels even after concrete fill weigh very little, because the building does not need a heavy foundation.

3D panels are in one price category with more familiar to the user gas and foam blocks. However, 3d panels exceed their analogues due to ease of assembly, reliability and stability characteristics.

Simple and reliable non-removable formwork technique - we understand in virtues

Facial formwork is one of the most popular construction technologies for private houses. The formwork is formed from panel and block structures, which are placed around the perimeter of the future building and form outstands from them. In this simple, fittings are installed and a concrete solution is poured, so that the new building is characterized by high rigidity and resistance.

Due to the low weight of such building structures, the foundation of the object may remain lightweight, both in the construction of single-storey buildings and when the two-storey houses are built. The formwork can be filling with various materials, due to which the technical characteristics of the object will depend on the decision of the owner, as well as the value of the materials necessary for this.

The main advantage of the non-removable formwork technique is that the owner of the land plot can perform all the necessary construction and assembly work with their own hands. Well, if friends or relatives will help him, but if there are no such, you can still not seek help to professionals.

Despite the admissibility of use for filling the formwork of various materials, experts recommend applying only those materials that will provide a new building with good thermal insulation characteristics. In this case, you will not need to worry about additional insulation.

Individual features and advantages of Velox technology

VELOX is another innovation in the construction market. The principle of this technology is based on the use of a non-removable formwork, and the formwork is made not from polystyrene foam blocks, but from cement-pall or chip-cement plates. Installed outer plate necessarily has a special polystyrene insulation and seal, which allows structures of the structure to successfully resist external influences.

In the market, the fixed formwork is presented in different variants of thickness. Separate elements of the future structure according to Velox technology are connected by cement mortar, into which liquid glass is added, providing structural elements to the water-repellent characteristics. The most important advantages of VELOX technology include:

• small weight design;
• small wall thickness of wall panels;
• simple and easy installation;
• high strength of the finished facility;
• good thermal insulation characteristics, thanks to which the building does not need to insulate.

Using these and other modern technological solutions in private construction, it is necessary to remember that all methods are aimed at simplifying construction and installation works and are intended only for the construction of one-story structures, in rare cases - two-storey. In addition, when planning, it is necessary to calculate the load on all elements of the object and correctly select the material to fill the building. Materials determine what technical characteristics a new home will have, therefore it is not worth saving on them.

One of the criteria to be guided by individual developers when choosing a project is the rate of building the building. Explanations to this much - the desire to quickly accommodate in your own home; Surprises, presented by the weather, which often complicates the conduct of technological operations and delays the deadlines for the delivery of the object.

Yes, and the practical side of the question is also an important factor. In most cases, it is necessary to lease something (concrete mixer, for example), the fee for which is mainly calculated by the day. New technologies for the construction of cottages and private houses, depending on the qualifications of masters and the thoughtfulness of the preparatory activities, allow you to build a typical house literally for 2 to 3 months. That's what it will be told in the proposed article.

The author draws attention that technology and new building materials should not be confused. For example, foam concrete, plates of army, and so on. This is already different, although the use and installation of each of the samples has its own specifics.

Newest construction technologies

Tees

It also has other names in everyday life - "People's", "Removable formwork." Unlike many technologies, including the newest, this is a purely Russian invention. One of the advantages is the opportunity to do everything on your own independently, which is especially valued when the private houses are erected.

Features

• With this technology, the foundations of columnar or pile are erected. As an option - varieties with painter. The main working tool at this stage is the bob, specially designed for TISE.
• The walls are erected from blocks, and hollow, which are formed right at the place of their installation. For this, formwork modules are used; They only need to rearrange from time to time. Consequently, fixing them on any segment where the wall should be erected, it remains only to load the solution and wait when it grabs. After that, dismantling modules and reinstalling to a new section.

Benefits

• The absence of the so-called "cold bridges". By the way, one of the main problems that have to solve most of the private developers to reduce the level of heat loss.
• Minimum workers. When erected on such technology, they will need 2 - 3 people (the owner itself and from the force of a couple of assistants). And that, only for individual operations. Basically, to reinstall the panel modules, soil drilling.
• Do not have to lease or attract any technique, which gives a tangible savings.
• The possibility of combining in such walls of various building materials. As a rule, concrete + brick.

Frame technology

While we still practiced not so often, but it is caused by the weak informs of individual developers.

Features

After the construction of the foundation, the frame is collected. In essence, this design combining vertically, horizontally and diagonally oriented beam elements. Mainly it is metal or wooden blanks - to whom it is more convenient to work with. Metal samples are stronger, but the fixation on them of something, the articulation of each other is possible only or after drilling holes, or with the use of the welding machine.

Based on this, during the construction of private houses according to the preference when installing the "skeleton" is given to wood. Mostly it is a bar, since its correct geometry greatly facilitates the assembly of construction.

Walls - no more than lining the frame. When they are erected, both various materials and technology can be used. They are implemented in two versions. The first - walls with filling, when between the elements of the casing (for example,) they are laid (fall ashamed, poured) with almost any thermal insulation materials. It can be foam concrete, minvat, ceramzite, polyurethane foam or other. The second - team shields in which waterproofing, and insulation are already laid.

Although the last option for making with your own hands is less appropriate. It is difficult to accumulate the assembly of shields in compliance with all the features of the technology. Yes, and installation at the place of such massive modules manually is not possible - the crane will need.

Benefits

• With this method of construction, you can equip the foundation of any type. This technology is recommended on all soils, including the categories "problem".
• Possibility (if desired or needed) fast redevelopment with minimal costs. The same applies to the increase in the size of a private house. Make an extension to it, expand the dimensions of the premises - not a problem. It is enough just to install additional frame racks and putting the new walls.
• "Finishing" finish of a private house is made by any materials. In this regard, there are no restrictions, which allows you to choose the most economical option.

3D panels

This technology is somewhat reminded, although there are differences. The panels, though industrial manufacture, but are not premium shields, and monolithic plates of polystyrene foam, which are reinforced with reinforcing grids on both sides. Their mutual fixation is carried out by metal rods that permeate the polymer diagonally. On the one hand, the assembly is durable, on the other, is characterized by a low weight.

Features

• As such, there is no "skeleton" of a private house. His role is played by the panels themselves, which are tightly bonded with each other, forming the walls of the structure.
• After installing the entire design, it is covered by a concrete "shirt." Accordingly, the shell is shut-off on both sides of the 3D panels.

Advantage

Given that the walls are based on their polymer, such private houses are distinguished by minimal heat lines.

In the construction of buildings, the SIP panels are also used - it is also from the sphere of the latest technologies. But when using private houses, they are practically not used. The main reason is large dimensions of products. Their main purpose is the construction of large-scale objects (administrative, industrial and other buildings).

Therefore, it is hardly appropriate to pay attention to this technology if the topic of the article is private houses. As an option - order a SIP panels in their own drawings. But who will interest it if such construction will be released "in a penny"?

Failure opal

This technology has increasingly become practiced in the construction of private houses, as it is based on its more known.

Feature

The formation is made from various samples (block, panel) which are installed around the perimeter of the foundation, with distance (in the width of the tape) from each other. In the resulting cavity, after installing the elements of amplification (rods), a solution of concrete is poured.

Benefits

• Almost the whole cycle of work can be done alone. If assistants and need, except at certain stages of the construction of the foundation and overlaps.
• Such a private house, with the right choice of the material of the wall formwork, does not need an additional insulation.

Newest finishing technologies

They should also be listed, as they directly relate to the construction industry. Read more for each technology by reference.

• "Wet" facade.

New materials

• Waterproofing penetrating action.
• Armature - strained and.
• Stucco decorative.

This article gives general information and is essentially an overview of all the latest technologies. For example, it is rather interesting to the construction of the "Ecocuba" method, in which the panels collected based on the straven bales of high density covered with metal frame. Visits the popularity of the technology "Thermode".

The author considered it appropriate to consider the features of only those construction technologies that are more famous for us, and in demand from private developers. In addition, it is quite difficult to classify all practitioners. This is due to the fact that many of them are mixed, since their individual elements are in some extent similar or completely repeated - according to the method of installation of the structural parts used by materials on one or another stage of the work.

But the information outlined is enough to determine what is still better to erect the house. And all other nuances can be clarified or independently, or consult from a specialist.

Despite the crisis of the global economy, low-rise house-building remains one of the most dynamically developing areas of housing construction. The diversity of technology for the construction of low-rise housing makes it difficult to choose which of them that is most beneficial in each case. Moreover, the same construction methods often appear under different names.

The volume of one publication does not allow to consider the full cycle of building a house from the foundation to the roof of the roof, so in this article we will restrict ourselves to the analysis of the buildings of the building. As practice shows, for a comfortable permanent family residence of 3-4 people, it is quite enough at the house of 200 - 300 m 2. We will focus on private residential buildings of this size. Country palaces, as well as country houses designed for accommodation in the summer, were not considered, although many of the technologies below are successfully used in these, so different, construction regions.

Private residential buildings must meet a number of requirements, the most important of which are the strength and reliability of the design, comfortable living conditions, the high thermal insulation characteristics of the enclosing structures, and, of course, - the attractive appearance of the building. Contrary to popular belief, durability does not apply to the number of objective factors determining the constructive "generic nest". In the rapidly changing world, tastes, interests and simply attitude to life (and, it means to housing) of our children and grandchildren, they distinguish between the "concepts" of their "ancestors", so build a house based on the fact that the descendants will live in this Building - it seems the idea is pretty doubtful.

However, how many developers, - so many opinions. No one will risk saying that the ceramic brick is a bad building material, and in the presence of financial opportunities, time and desire for a good brick house may well be the best option for your dream. Well, how to be if finances are limited, life circumstances are forced to complete construction in the shortest possible time, but, of course, not to the detriment of quality? Then you should contact the technologies of frame construction.

Unity and manifold of framework technologies

Frame house-building - progressive construction technology, the experience of using which has more than a hundred years. She received the most widespread in North America (USA and Canada). According to some estimates in these countries, up to 80% of private low-rise housing is accounted for by houses of a frame construction. Perhaps, therefore, in our country, this technology was called "Canadian".

Frame houses are built not only over the ocean. They are very popular in Germany (about 30% of low-rise buildings) and other countries in Western Europe. Hence another name: "German technology". The frame house-building is in great demand in Finland, whose climate is close to Russian, Sweden (Finnish and Swedish technology) and Norway, which once again confirms the suitability of buildings of this type of operation in a wide variety of climatic zones.

In our country, cottages, built on frame technology, are usually referred to as frame-panel or frame-shield houses, less often - frame-wooden. Despite the diversity of terms, differences between these technologies are not fundamental, but are mainly related to production features.

With some part of the convention, it can be said that under Canadian and Finnish technologies usually (but not always) is understood as elementary construction directly at the construction site, and at home, erected by such a scheme, refer to the frame-shield. A relatively low mass of the elements from which the house is collected, in many cases makes it possible to abandon the use of heavy equipment.

German technology implies not only the manufacture of components, but also the assembly of large panels of walls (with window and doorways) and roofs in the conditions of an industrial enterprise. The high level of factory readiness, reaching 80-90%, and the maximum possible accuracy of the manufacture of panels ensure the speed and quality of the house assembly, which in this case has all the bases to be called frame-panel. Significant dimensions and weight of panels are likely to require the use of lifting crane.

Running forward Let us say that the panels are manufactured in accordance with the individual project, so analogies with panel "crunches" in this case are completely unauthorized.

Constructive scheme

The basis of the wall structure, which actually represents the "puff pastry", serves as a rigid and durable frame from specially dried (no more than 18%) wood of coniferous rocks. As a rule, the framework elements are treated with special antiseptic (fungicidal) drugs that provide them with long-term protection against rot and mold, as well as antipirens (fire impregnation) raising fire resistance of wood. Some manufacturers, instead of a traditional wooden bar, use more modern materials, such as a bar and LVL-LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) - high-strength building material, which is actually a multi-layered glued veneer.

From the outdoor side of the walls of the walls, the OSB (Oriented Strand Board) plates are durable moisture-resistant material from pressed oriented chips, non-combustible cement-chipstones (CSP) or Outdoor AquaPanese slabs (KNAUF). Plates are closed with a vapor-permeable windproof membrane on top of which arrange an outdoor finish.

From the inside the frame is sewn with plasterboard sheets (GLC) or OSB plates, according to which the inner decoration (wallpaper, painting, tile, decorative plasters, etc., etc.). Materials such as lining or blockhaws successfully combine the function of the internal sheat and finish; In this case, there is no need to use GKC. The space between the outer and inner sinking of the frame is filled with an effective thermal insulation material, which most often use fire-resistant plates from mineral (basalt or glass) fiber. An integral element of frame technology is vaporizolation, which is located between the insulation and the inner lining. The sealed vaporizolation layer prevents moistening of the insulation and the wooden frame, therefore the efficiency of thermal insulation and the life of the framework of the frame system depends on the quality of it.

At the initial stage, the frame house-building was the prerogative of carpentry brigades that were erected by "Canadian houses", which is called "in place". In recent decades, the situation has changed. The "shabby" brigades, staffed by experts from neighboring abroad, still do not suffer from lack of work, but a significant part of the frame houses is now produced at industrial enterprises equipped with fairly modern equipment, which allows to obtain a completely different level of quality.

In the field of industrial production of frame-wooden structures, MITEK technology developed by Mitek Inc. is the most advanced USA. This technology is a comprehensive solution for automated design and production of wooden building structures of various purposes.

MITEK software allows you to fully accomplish both the full calculation of the frame house and the calculations of the individual structures (rafter structures, beams of floors, wall panels, formwork designs, etc.). In addition to static calculation and design of wooden farms, the software package issues working documentation in the form of drawings of wooden elements, assembling drawings, compounds, etc.

Along with MITEK software supplies technological lines to the market for the production of frame houses, as well as equipment for the production of individual positions. Compatibility of robotic modules with the MITEK software package allows you to transfer information about the geometry of wooden structures directly from the program, which completely eliminates the likelihood of errors caused by the notorious human factor, and provides extremely high product accuracy.

Benefits

Currently, framework-wooden technologies are represented by the most preferred accommodation for the construction of housing, intended for the permanent residence of self-sufficient and quite reasonable citizens relating to the middle class, but at the same time not burdened by the status prejudices of the type "Frame - this is the housing of NIF-Nif, but a real businessman Must live in a brick house. "

Once again we recall that the great many American millionaires (including Hollywood Stars) lives in frame-shield houses and is absolutely not complex about this.

From the point of view of the economy of construction, the benefits of the "carcass" are more than obvious:

• very high speed of building "Box" of the building;
• the cost of a set of materials and installation is significantly (about 1.5 times) below,
• than similar indicators of a brick, log house or brusade house;
• smooth and smooth internal and exterior surfaces eliminate the need for plastering and other wet processes, which significantly reduces the cost and speeds up the building finish;
• the frame house is many times lighter than brick or chopped, which allows you to use more economical small-breeding foundations *;
• the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house is higher than that of the analogues from traditional materials due to the smaller wall thickness;
• the great many ready-made digital projects makes it possible to minimize the cost of architect and designer services.

Some manufacturers indicate the cost of the house and the construction time without taking into account the work on the foundation. This is a completely normal marketing stroke, you just need to understand that the construction of the house for, let's say, one or two weeks, assumes the presence of a finished foundation. For quite understandable reasons, the option with the installation of the house costs more than 1 million rubles. We do not consider the cemental blocks.

The real layout in terms may look, for example, so. First of all, you need to choose the finished or order an individual project, to the maximum degree of your preferences. The choice of a finished project is a short deal, but the creation of an individual project will require much longer. After that, in the shops of the enterprise, in accordance with the approved project, the manufacture of structural elements of the frame house begins. At the same time on the plot of development, the operation of the zero cycle is performed, after which the manufactured design elements are delivered to the object and their installation on the finished foundation begins.

The duration of the full cycle of construction depends on the complexity of the project, selected finishing options and many other factors, but in most cases the duration of work is from two to three months to six months. It should be noted that the lack of wet processes makes it possible to carry out the construction of the box and finishing at negative temperatures (the foundation device is desirable to complete before the onset of cold weather).

Aesthetics of frame house-building

From the standpoint of architecture, design and natural aspiration of any developer to build a house that no one, framework technologies, open a non-limited field of activity. Almost any exterior trim under the tree, brick, wild stone, as well as plaster, siding, etc., so even at home built on one project may look so different that a third-party observer will never mind the thought of close kinship of these structures. The finished project is a very profitable option, but absolutely not obligatory.

Modern technology design and production of frame-shield houses allow you to implement the most bold plans of architects. However, even in sufficiently remote times, a frame house structure made it possible to create true masterpieces of architecture. The vivid confirmation of this approval can be the American mansions in the Victorian style, a significant part of which is based on frame-shield technology.

There are no restrictions on the choice of interior decoration: wallpaper, painting, lining, ceramic tile and different types of panel - this is not a complete list of finishing materials used in frame house-building. In this case, the frame-shield structures are not subject to shrinkage, so you can start finishing work immediately after the installation of the "box" is completed. Another advantage is that all engineering communications (heating, water supply, sewage, electrical wiring, etc.) are usually suitable inside the walls.

Exploitation

From an exploitation point of view, the enormous advantage of modern frame houses is their high energy efficiency. Properly designed and built frame house works like a giant thermos: it perfectly holds warmth, extremely slowly (just a few degrees per day) it looks even in the strongest frosts, and a comfortable temperature is maintained inside such a house, which provides a huge Save on air conditioning.

With proper care, a frame-panel house (again: properly designed and properly built from high-quality materials) will serve at least half a century, but most likely much longer.

LSTK.

There is another kind of frame house-building, known under the abbreviation of LSTK (light steel thin-walled structures). The construction of structures undertaken by this technology is very similar to the frame-boiled houses already familiar to us, but has one important difference: the carrier frame of the building and the rafter system are not made of wood, but from thin-walled metal profiles and thermal profiles.

These elements are usually formed from a cold-rolled steel galvanized sheet with a thickness of no more than 2-3 mm. Thermoprofil differs from a conventional profile by the presence of perforation in the form of narrow longitudinal spaces located in a checker order. The slots provide a reduction in the thermal conductivity of the profile in the transverse direction, which entails the improvement of the thermal insulation properties of the structure as a whole and eliminates the formation of cold bridges.

The framework elements made at the industrial enterprise in accordance with the project are delivered to the construction site, where the final assembly of metal structures is performed. The assembled frame is coated with a suitable sheet material (CSP, CSP, GVL, GLC, etc.), and the inner space of wall panels is filled with an effective insulation (usually all the same plates from mineral fiber use for this purpose).

LSTK is inherent in all the advantages of frame-panel technologies. In addition, the use of only non-combustible materials is the key to the highest possible fire safety of the designs of this type.

According to some estimates, the service life of frame houses based on light metal structures can reach 50 or more. The estimated cost of the house complex is 12-15 thousand rubles. for 1 m 2, and the cost of finished housing is up to 20 thousand rubles. for 1 m 2.

The LSTK is widely used for the construction of industrial, warehouse and economic premises, exhibition and shopping and entertainment centers, sports facilities, etc. In the private sector, the proportion of buildings of this type is still small, but the demand of the LTK for the construction of low-rise (up to three floors) housing is growing every year. Due to the low weight and fire safety of the design on the basis of LSTK, successfully apply to the superstructure of the attic floors on existing buildings.

SIP.- Panels

Another technology of rapid construction of low-rise housing is based on the use as the main elements of the wall and roofing structures of SIP panels (from Structural Insulated Panel - construction heat insulating panel), which are a sandwich panel with a polystyrene core with a thickness of 100 to 200 mm, trimmed On both sides, OSB-3 plates. A calibrated wooden bar is pasted into one of the ends of the panel, which, when assembling a house, is included in the groove of the next panel, the STR provides the strength of the compound and eliminates the formation of cold bridges. All SIP layers glued together with polyurethane glue under high pressure on special equipment and are distinguished by high strength, as well as heat and sound insulation characteristics.

The houses from SIP panels are often referred to as "Canadian houses", and the construction technology itself is "Canadian", but, unlike frame-panel "Canadian" houses, SIP-technology is frameless. All loads are perceived by covering panels and connective wooden bars, which also play the role of a power frame. The stability of "strength" introduces polystyrene foam, which is very well opposed to the load on compression. The panels are manufactured in industrial production conditions, which makes it possible to provide high quality and accuracy of geometric sizes.

BenefitsSIP.-Technologies are obvious:

• the cost of a household complex is 30-40% lower than that of a brick house;
• the use of an inexpensive small-breeding foundation;
• high rates of construction;
• heating costs several times lower than that of similar houses from brick or concrete;
• lack of shrinkage;
• smooth walls simplify and accelerate finishing;
• high strength and seismic resistance design;
• a huge selection of modern finishing materials for both internal and exterior finishes;
• project service life up to 80 years (some manufacturers declare even 100 years).

Potential developers are usually worried about two questions: "Are there any SIP panels alternating, and how are they doing with ecology?" From the point of view of fire safety, the house from SIP panels is not too different from a log or brusade analogue. In the production of OSB-3 plates, special additives that make the burning are used.

The ecological aspect also does not cause special concerns, but only if the manufacture of panels use qualitative materials with certificates of conformity. An indirect confirmation of the security of this technology can be the fact that apartment buildings are built in the USA from SIP (up to 9 floors), hospitals, educational institutions, etc.

Mesh concrete

Artificial material based on mineral binders and silica aggregate, containing a large amount (up to 85%) of air pores (cells) of 1-1.5 mm in size is called cellular concrete. In fact, this is a whole group of materials with similar properties, but somewhat different production technology. Without going into details, let's say that there are two types of cellular concrete: foam concrete and aerated concrete (he is a gas-silicate concrete, autoclave cellular concrete).

The foam concrete includes cement, thin-fat quartz sand, water and foaming agents, which give this material a cellular structure. The prepared mixture enters the forms where the material is hardening. Foam concrete is seized under normal conditions, which allows it to produce it directly at the construction site.

The technology of production of autoclave aerated concrete is much more complicated. A thoroughly mixed solution cooked from Portland cement, forgered lime, sand, water and aluminum powder, poured into the forms in which for several hours there is a primary grasp of cellular concrete. Pores are formed by hydrogen bubbles, which is allocated as a result of a chemical reaction between lime and aluminum. After standing, the blocks are cut into a commodity strings and is fed into the autoclave, where for several hours they are withstanding them at a temperature of 180-200ºС and a pressure of 10-12 kg / cm 2. Autoclave processing allows you to get a priced building material with completely defined characteristics. It should be noted that the need to use complex and cumbersome equipment completely eliminates the possibility of handicraft production of aerated concrete blocks, so they go to the construction object only in the finished form.

Due to the presence of numerous pores, the cellular concrete has excellent thermal insulation characteristics and high vapor permeability. It does not contain chemical additives and does not allocate any harmful connections. The density of this material can be from 300 to 1200 kg / m 3.

With increasing density, the strength of the cellular concrete increases, but thermal insulation characteristics are reduced. For this reason, the blocks of the D300 brand (figure denotes the density) are used almost exclusively as thermal insulation and are unsuitable for the construction of bearing walls, and for the construction of low-rise (up to three floors) housing, the D400-D500 aerated concrete blocks are used, which differ in the optimal ratio of strength and thermal insulation. Properties.

Autoclave aerated concrete is somewhat more expensive, but at the same density, its strength characteristics are about two times higher than that of foam concrete. In addition, aerated concrete blocks usually win on geometric parameters. Suffice it to say that the leading manufacturers of gas-silicate blocks withstand the size of their products up to tenths of a millimeter. Such blocks can be placed on special glue with seam thickness of only 1-2 mm. The fact is that the thermal conductivity of the masonry solution is many times higher than the thermal conductivity of cellular concrete, therefore, the thinner of the seam - the lower the level of heat losses.

Benefits of cellular concrete:

high thermal insulation characteristics that allow with reasonable wall thickness to do without additional insulation;

high vapor permeability: the house from the gas silicate "breathe";

non-combustible and fire-resistant material that does not emit toxic chemical compounds when heated;

extensive nomenclature of sizes, the presence of arcuate blocks, jumpers, beams, overlap elements, etc.;

environmentally friendly material produced from natural ingredients;

a variety of finished projects;

Features of construction of cellular concrete

The cellular concrete, as well as the overwhelming majority of traditional building materials, needs to protect against the destructive effects of atmospheric factors. The most economical and rapid way to finish a smooth masonry from aerated concrete blocks is the use of light thin layer plaster. The plaster must have hydrophobic properties, and its vapor permeability should be no lower than that of aerated concrete. In the construction of country cottages is very popular with facing masonry facial bricks. In this case, a ventilation gap is necessarily located between the base of the cellular concrete and the brick facing, which ensures the removal of the water vapor, which throughout the heating period diffuses out of the room through the thickness of the wall.

All materials of this group are distinguished by low bending strength. To minimize deformation loads and preventing the formation of cracks, a prerequisite is a monolithic foundation. The most reliable foundation should be recognized in the form of a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, but such options as a monolithic ribbon foundation on a sandy pillow or a column foundation linked by a monolithic reinforced concrete belt are fully suitable. The final choice in favor of this or other design can be made only after the geological surveys on the construction site.

Potted ceramics

Ceramic widged blocks - the product for our country is relatively new, although in Western Europe this material is applied for almost half a century, and at present a significant part of residential buildings in the EU is being built from ceramic blocks.

The most important advantage of ceramiclocks is the low thermal conductivity coefficient (0.14-0.26 W / m 2 0 s), which allows the single-layer walls without insulation from this material, fully meet the requirements of construction heat engineering. Due to the low thermal conductivity indicator, due to the presence of emptiness and numerous pores in the body of this material, he received the second name: "Warm ceramics". In addition, the recovered ceramics is the nearest, by the way, the relative of the classical ceramic brick is an environmentally friendly product and has a capillary structure that allows the "breathe" wall, which creates a favorable climate in the room and provides the optimal humidity of wall structures. The products of this group are manufactured in accordance with GOST 530-2007 "Brick and stone ceramic. General specifications. "

The largest ceramic size 14.3 NF size (510x250x219 mm) replaces 14 normal format bricks (NF), but due to high emptiness it remains easy by weight and simple in masonry technique. This allows you to increase the masonry pace several times, and the small weight of the wall structures built from such blocks reduces the load on the foundation, which makes it possible to simplify its design, and, consequently, the cost.

The advantages of "warm" ceramics:

• high pace of masonry due to large (in comparison with ordinary bricks) with the size of the invoked blocks;
• saving a solution (the groove-comb compound of large-format blocks allows you to do without the use of a solution in vertical seams);
• the high storage grade (M100-150) makes it possible to use the paved ceramic blocks for laying the bearing walls of multi-storey residential buildings;
• fulfillment of the requirements of modern heat resistant standards without additional insulation (single-layer wall design);
• the smooth surface of the masonry reduces the consumption of plaster, and also simplifies and speeds up the execution of finishing works;
• long service life, comparable with similar indicators of traditional ceramic bricks.

In fact, the competition "warm" ceramics can only be an autoclaved aerated concrete, because, as we have already spoken, only these two material allow you to build homogeneous walls that do not need additional thermal insulation. At the same time, the average density of products from the recipient ceramics is higher, and the heat-insulating characteristics, respectively, is lower than that of the gas-silicate, therefore the wall of the "warm" ceramics (with other things being equal) should be thicker by 20-30%. So, the width of the ribbon foundation from heavy concrete should be slightly larger. In addition, the picked ceramic blocks are about a third more expensive than aerated concrete blocks.

Does this mean that the picked ceramics is worse than autoclave aerated concrete? Not at all! It is simply necessary to consider the complete set of characteristics of the building material, paying particular attention to those properties that play a dominant role in each particular case.

Everyone chooses for themselves!

1. It is possible for people associated with construction, I will not open anything new, but to whom I did not show these photos, everyone says with confidence that this is an ordinary monolithic house with free layout. But no)

2. That is, from the street Yes, the building looks like a monolith. I myself, when the guard went to look for us a helmet, looked at the building with melancholy, they say the next scarcot to take off. This is a new residential complex on Redobogatyr Street.

3. When we began to climb the stairs to the top floor, I asked why the staircase spans were made in the form of panels, and not flooded in place?
- And here almost all elements of the building are made at the factory, concrete works on the site are very small. This is a building-designer.

4. That is, everything you see is the panels and columns that made at the factory, delivered and collected in place. Roughly speaking, the frame of the building is going as a panel house, but at the same time the apartments have a free layout, the facade of the building can be any, the form of the building is not tied to typical solutions and may be even oval or round.

5. It's like advanced Lego designer for big uncle. I first filmed the building built on the system "Cube 2.5" technology. This is a system of a national righteous frame from vertical columns and flat overlap panels. The ceiling slabs perform the role of riglels - horizontal support elements to which the carrier part of the structure is attached, which consists of vertical multi-tiered columns without protruding parts.

Plates of overlap can be any form, as they are molded at the factory. Though curves or round - formwork can be done what you want. At the factory guaranteed product quality, and what is poured on construction sites in Monolith - to control more difficult.

6. Plates are made in the neighboring area, in the metrogodka at the local progress. And I thought there were only the Tubems for the Metro to build)

7. Two new plates.

8. Boiled overlaps with barbecue columns are extremely simple constructions consisting of reinforced concrete slabs of the same thickness and a constant cross section columns. It simplifies formwork, as well as reinforcement work and concreting. Due to the fact that when rapid structures, the columns have a constant section, they are easy to mate with walls and partitions between columns. Therefore, they are convenient for administrative buildings and residential buildings.

The columns come from the plant height immediately in three floors. The pace of construction in this technology is up to 6 floors per month. It is faster than monolith, and cheaper.

9. Mom and dad. All columns have a rod in the lower end, and in the upper - nozzle.

10. Installation of the next plate.

11. Before the slab is messengering is installed on special racks. The technology "Cube 2.5" allows you to design and build houses of any form, make non-standard angular sections at any angle or place sections with displays relative to each other. With classic panel construction it is impossible. For example, the angular section of this complex goes at an angle of 110º. This allows you to optimally enter buildings to the building area.

A variety of surround-planning solutions of angular sections and the possibility of placing sections with displacement relative to each other is one of the new requirements of the Moskomarchitecture to the industrial residential building.

12. The installation of new 9 m 2 takes place in 20 minutes and is performed by a brigade of 6 people.

13. Mortgage parts are fastened with welding, after which the seams are concreted.

14. On the perimeter of the slab have loop issues in 150-300 mm increments for monolithic communication with adjacent plates. A reinforcement rod is installed between the loops, everything is brewed and then concreted.

15. It does not need any additional formwork. If the street is cool (the temperature drops below zero), concrete is artificially heated.

16. Connection of the plate and columns.

18. Voila. Spacious apartment with free layout and height of ceilings (in draft) three meters.

20. Here is such a panel monolith. By the way, each apartment comes from a separate machinery on underground parking.

21. Deformational seam between two sections.

23. Color versions of Ventfasada.

24. And this is another residential complex - "House on Nagatina". While the building is behind the construction forests, it is difficult to assess its author's architecture, so we went to watch interesting details.

25. Under the courtyard area is a two-story parking. In such situations, it is usually extremely problematic to plant plants - they simply have nowhere to grow. In this case, for bushes and trees there are large flowerbeds (or bans, I do not know how to correctly).

26. In order for the vegetation to grow and pleased the inhabitants, the Parking Concrete ceiling is an exploited roof and is made of a complex sandwich: concrete, waterproofing, protection against plant roots, drainage-cumulative layer, accumulates the optimal amount of moisture required to ensure the vital activity of plants and regulates water outflow, rubble. Then the fertile layer and herb itself will go.

27. Finnish brick. And why there are no such Russian?!

28. The brick is real, full, not decorative. One euro per piece.

29. For the first time I meet the ventilated facade lined with bricks. Brick is attached to horizontal stainless steel guides.

30. It looks beautiful.

31. HPL panels. This is one of the most popular types of facing, which won a large segment of the European market, and today is actively used during construction and repair in our country. This pressed at high temperature and pressure of laminate, consisting of wood fibers and several layers of kraft paper, is an environmentally friendly material.

32. An unexpected solution - on the window the mounted panel of a ceramzite concrete. It shares the window into two parts. Because of this, each window requires a heating device, according to SNiP. For me one big window would be better.

33. Apartment in draft finish. Partitions can be demolished and make their own layout.

34. Perfectly smooth concrete, even on the texture remove it.

35. Large balcony. I have already live without a loggia and I miss her very much.

36. Axial airfield fans for common areas: Lobby, Halls, etc.

38. Underground duplex parking in a good ratio - 1 machinery for 1 apartment. In the courtyard at home will be prohibited. The price for the machine starts from 1,100,000 rubles (this is a platform 3x6 - 18 m 2). Cheaper than a square meter of housing, but still very expensive.

39. But the view from the roof to the center of Moscow is good!

Objects participated in the shooting:
"Jauza Park", from "Hardstroy Development"
"House on Nagatinskaya", from "Leader Invest"

Thank you for your attention, I hope that I showed you something new)

Dmitry Chistoprudov,