Chemistry control work with codifier and specifier. Chemistry control work with codifier and specifier "Organic substances"

Examination Grade 8

Specification KIM for testing No. 1 on the topic "Atoms of chemical elements"

Appointment of test work: Assess the level of development by each student content of the topic "Atoms of chemical elements"

"The content of the control tasks is determined by the contents of the working program on the topic" Atoms of chemical elements "of the classroom" Chemistry ": a simple and complex substance, a chemical element, a periodic system of chemical elements, a chemical formula, a relative atomic and molecular weight, the structure of an atom, the structure of the electronic shells, Chemical bond.

Difficulty level

Code by specifical

Type of task

Subject

Evaluation in Ballhach

C-1.6.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Simple and sophisticated substance

2 minutes.

S-45.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

2 minutes.

C-1.2.

UE-2.5.1

Qualitative task

Periodic system

2 minutes.

C-1.1.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Isotopes

2 minutes.

C-1.1.

UP-2.2.1.

Qualitative task

Building atom

2 minutes.

C-1.1.

UE-2.4.5

Qualitative task

2 minutes.

C-1.1.

UP-2.5.1.

Qualitative task

The structure of the electronic shell

2 minutes.

C-1.3.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Electricity

2 minutes.

C-1.2.

UE-2.4.5

Qualitative task

Periodic system

2 minutes.

C-1.2.1.

UP-2.2.1.

Estimated task

Building atom

2 minutes.

C-1.6.

UP-1.1.

Conformity establishment

Chemical elements signs

4 min.

S-45.

UP-1.2.

Relative molecular weight

4min.

C-1.1.

UE-2.5.1

Electronic structure atom

8min

C-1.3.

UP-1.2.

Types of chemical bond

8 min.

Codifier

test work number 1.on the topic "Atoms of chemical elements"

THE CODE

Substance

Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev 1.

1.2.1

Groups and periodic periodic systems. The physical meaning of the sequence number of the chemical element

1.2.2

The patterns of changing the properties of elements and their compounds due to the position in the periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev

Atoms and molecules. Chemical element. Simple and complex substances

Conducting calculations based on formulas and equations of reactions

THE CODE

Know / understand:

1.2.

major chemical concepts: substance, chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular weight, chemical bond.

Be able to call

2.1.1

chemical elements;

2.2

Be able to explain

2.2.1

the physical meaning of the atomic (ordinal) number of the chemical element, group numbers and the period in the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev, to which the element belongs;

2.4

Be able to determine

2.4.1

2.5

Make up:

2.5.1.

the schemes of the structure of atoms of the first 20 elements of the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev;

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

Score

Maximum score

14.

Score

The correct answer to the question is presented and a sufficient rationale for errors is given.

The correct answer to the question is presented, but its rationale is not quite complete

The correct answer is presented to the question.

Maximum score

Number of points

Less than 7.

7-10

11-15

16-20

Evaluation

The level of achievements

Low

Base

Increased

Examination Grade 8

Specification KIM for monitoring control work for the first half of the year.

Control Type: Internal Monitoring

Appointment of test work: assess the level of development by each student content of the "Atoms of chemical elements", "types of chemical bonds", "Simple substances. Quantitative ratios "," Compounds of chemical elements "

The content of the control tasks is determined by the contents of the working program by themes: "Atoms of chemical elements", "types of chemical bond", "Simple substances. Quantitative ratios "," Compounds of chemical elements "

45 minutes is given for testing. The work consists of 2 parts and includes 15 tasks.

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

Part 2 consists of 4 high-level tasks. For the execution of each task - 2 points, if one error is made, the answer is estimated at 1 point. If two and more errors are allowed or there is no answer, then 0 points are set. The last two tasks require a full response. For the execution of the task -3 point.

Maximum number of points - 24 points

When developing tasks, temporary standards were taken into account, enshrined in the Specifications of the GIA for the tasks of various levels of complexity and to fulfill all the work.

Distribution of tasks on the levels of complexity, verified elements of substantive content, the level of preparation, types of tasks and execution time is presented in Table 1

Difficulty level

Code by specifical

Type of task

Subject

Evaluation in Ballhach

C-1.2.1. UP-1.1.1.

Qualitative task

Periodic system

C-1.2.1. UP-1.1.1.

Qualitative task

Isotopes

C-1.1.1. UP-1.1.1.

Qualitative task

Building atom

C-1.2.1. UP-1.1.1.

Qualitative task

Building atom

C-1.2.1. UP-1.2.1.

Qualitative task

C-1.2.1. UP-1.2.1.

Qualitative task

Periodic system

C-1.2.1. UP-1.2.1.

Qualitative task

Allotropy

C-1.2.1. UP-1.1.1.

Qualitative task

The structure of electronic shells

C-4.3.1. UP- 2.5.2.

Estimated task

Mole

C-1.2.1. UP-1.1.3.

Qualitative task

Simple substances

C-1.2.1. UP-1.2.1.

Conformity establishment

Building atom

C-1.3.1. UP-2.4.2.

Conformity establishment

Types of chemical bond

C-4.3.1. UE-2.5.2.

Estimated task

Molecular mass

C-1.2.1. UP-1.1.3.

Conformity establishment

Aggregate state of substances

S-4.3.3. UP.

Estimated task with an open answer

S-4.3.3. UP.

Estimated task with an open answer

Examination Grade 8

Specification of KIM for testing No. 2 on the topic "Compound of chemical elements"

Control Type: Internal Monitoring

Appointment of test work: assess the level of development by each student content of the topic "Compounds of chemical elements"

45 minutes is given for testing. The work consists of 2 parts and includes 14 tasks.

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

Part 2 consists of 2 high-level tasks and 2 high-level tasks. For the execution of 11.12 tasks - 2 points, if one error is allowed, the answer is estimated at 1 point. If two and more errors are allowed or there is no answer, then 0 points are set. The last two tasks require a full response. For the execution of 13.14 tasks -3 points.

The maximum number of points is 20 points.

When developing tasks, temporary standards were taken into account, enshrined in the Specifications of the GIA for the tasks of various levels of complexity and to fulfill all the work.

Distribution of tasks on the levels of complexity, verified elements of substantive content, the level of preparation, types of tasks and execution time is presented in Table 1

Difficulty level

Code by specifical

Type of task

Subject

Approximate task execution time.

Evaluation in Ballhach

C-1.6.

UP-1.1.

Qualitative task

General formulas of the main classes of inorganic substances.

2 minutes.

S-45.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Degree of oxidation

2 minutes.

C-1.6.

UE-2.4.4.

Qualitative task

2 minutes.

S-1.6

UE-2.4.4.

Qualitative task

Classes of inorganic compounds

2 minutes.

S-1.6

UE-2.4.4.

Qualitative task

Classes of inorganic compounds

2 minutes.

S-1.6

UP-2.2.1

Qualitative task

Nomenclature of inorganic compounds

2 minutes.

S-4.5.2

UP-2.8.1.

Estimated task

Mass fraction

2 minutes.

C-1.3.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Ion charge

2 minutes.

C-1.2.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Crystal cell

2 minutes.

C-1.2.1.

UP-2.2.1.

Qualitative task

Clean substances and mixtures

2 minutes.

C-1.4.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Degree of oxidation

4 min.

S-1.6

UE-2.4.4.

Conformity establishment

Classes of inorganic compounds

4min.

S-4.5.2.

UE-2.8.1

Estimated task

Volumented share

8min

C-5.3, 4.5.1.

UE-2.8.1

High-quality task with an open answer

Mass fraction, a man in the world of substances.

8 min.

Codifier

The elements of the content and requirements for the training level of students, for conducting monitoring control work on chemistry for the first half of the year.

Section 1. Codifier. Content elements

THE CODE

Content elements checked by kim jobs

1.1.1.

The structure of electronic shells of atoms of the elements of the first four periods

1.2.1.

Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev patterns of changing the properties of elements and their compounds in periods and groups

4.3.1.

Calculation of the mass of the substance.

4.3.3.

Calculations of the mass of a substance or gases.

Section 2. Codifier. Requirements for the level of training.

THE CODE

Skills and activities verified by tasks Kim

1.1.1.

To understand the meaning of the most important concepts (to allocate their characteristic signs): substance, chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular weights, ion, isotopes, chemical bond, electronegativity.

1.2.1.

Apply the main provisions of chemical theories (buildings of atom, chemical bond,) for analyzing the structure and properties of substances

1.1.3.

Use major chemical concepts to explain individual facts and phenomena

2.4.2.

Explain the nature of the chemical bond (ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen);

2.5.2.

calculations for chemical formulas and equations

Chemistry test work, grade 8

Codifier

Content elements and requirements for learning training, for conducting Control work number 2.on the topic "Compounds of chemical elements"

Section 1. Codifier. Content elements

THE CODE

Content elements checked by kim jobs

Substance

Valuation of chemical elements. The degree of oxidation of chemical elements

Clean substances and mixtures

Structure of substances. Chemical Communication: Covalent (polar and non-polar), ionic, metal

Chemistry and life

Man in the world of substances, materials and chemical reactions

Methods of knowledge of substances and chemical phenomena. Experimental bases of chemistry

4.5.2.

Calculations of the mass fraction of the dissolved substance in solution

4.5.1

Calculations of the mass fraction of the chemical element in the substance

Section 2. Codifier. Requirements for the level of training.

THE CODE

Skills and activities verified by tasks Kim

know

chemical symbolics: Chemical elements, chemical formulas, chemical reaction equations;

1.2.

the most important chemical concepts: substance, chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular weight, ion, cation, anion, chemical bond, electronegativity, valence, degree of oxidation mole, molar mass, molar volume, solutions, electrolytes and non-electrolytes, electrolytic dissociation, oxidizer and reducing agent, oxidation and reduction, thermal effect of reaction, main types of reactions in inorganic chemistry;

Be able to call:

2.1.2

compounds of studied classes of inorganic substances

2.2

Define

2.4.1

the composition of substances according to their formulas;

2.4,2

valuation and degree of oxidation of the element in the connection

2.4.4

identity substances to a specific class of compounds

2.5

Draw up

2.5.2.

formulas of inorganic compounds of studied classes;

Calculate

2.8.1

mass fraction of the chemical element by the formula

System for evaluating testing of chemistry

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

Part 2. The task with the deployed response.

Score

The correct answer to the question

The correct answer to the question is presented, but a mathematical error is allowed.

The correct answer is presented to the question.

Maximum score

14.

Score

The formula of the substance is recorded, the chemical name is given, the mass fraction is calculated.

The formula of the substance is recorded, the chemical name is given.

Required formula of substances

Maximum score

Transfer of test score in the mark on the five-point system.

Number of points

Less than 7.

7-10

11-15

16-20

Evaluation

The level of achievements

Low

Base

Increased

Examination Grade 8

Specification KIM for testing No. 3 on the topic "Changes occurring with substances"

Control Type: Internal Monitoring

Appointment of test work: Assess the level of development by each student content of the topic "Changes taking place with substances"

"The content of the control tasks is determined by the content of the working program on the topic" Changes taking place with the substances "of the chemistry learning subject: physical, chemical phenomena, signs of chemical reactions, types of chemical reactions, ex- and endothermic reactions, catalyst, clean substances, mixtures, methods Sections of mixtures, chemical equations, coefficients.

45 minutes is given for testing. The work consists of 2 parts and includes 14 tasks.

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

The maximum number of points is 20 points.

When developing tasks, temporary standards were taken into account, enshrined in the Specifications of the GIA for the tasks of various levels of complexity and to fulfill all the work.

Distribution of tasks on the levels of complexity, verified elements of substantive content, the level of preparation, types of tasks and execution time is presented in Table 1

Difficulty level

Code by specifical

Type of task

Subject

Approximate task execution time.

Evaluation in Ballhach

S-2.1

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Phenomena taking place with substances.

2 minutes.

S-2.1

UP-1.2.1

Qualitative task

Signs of chemical reactions.

2 minutes.

S-2.1

UE-2.5.3.

Qualitative task

Playing coefficients

2 minutes.

C-2.2

UE-2.4.5

Qualitative task

Types of chemical reactions

2 minutes.

C-2.2

UE-2.4.5

Qualitative task

Types of chemical reactions

2 minutes.

C-2.2

UE-2.4.5

Qualitative task

Types of chemical reactions

2 minutes.

S-2.1

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

The conditions for the flow of chemical reactions.

2 minutes.

C-2.2

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

A number of voltage metals

2 minutes.

S-2.1

UE-2.4.5

Qualitative task

Types of chemical reactions

2 minutes.

S-4.5.3.

UE-2.8.3.

Estimated task

Calculations for chemical equations.

2 minutes.

C-2.2

UE-2.4.5

Conformity establishment

Types of chemical reactions

4 min.

C-2.2

UE-2.4.5

Conformity establishment

Types of chemical reactions

4min.

S-2.1

UE-2.5.3.

High-quality task with an open answer.

Chemical equations. Types of chemical reactions.

8min

S-4.5.3.

UE-2.9.2.

Estimated task with an open answer

Estimated task with an open answer.

8 min.

Chemistry test work, grade 8

Codifier

Content elements and requirements for learning training, for conducting Control work number 3.on the topic "Changes occurring with substances"

Section 1. Codifier. Content elements

THE CODE

Content elements checked by kim jobs

Clean substances and mixtures

Chemical reaction. Conditions and signs of chemical reactions. Chemical equations. Preservation of mass substances in chemical reactions

Classification of chemical reactions on various features: the number and composition of the initial and obtained substances, the change in the degrees of the oxidation of chemical elements, the absorption and emission of energy

4.5.3

Section 2. Codifier. Requirements for the level of training.

THE CODE

Skills and activities verified by tasks Kim

Know / understand:

major chemical concepts: substance, chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular weight, ion, cation, anion, chemical bond, electronegativity, valence, oxidation degree, mole, molar mass, molar volume, solutions, electrolytes and non-electrolytes, electrolytic dissociation, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, oxidation and reduction, thermal effect of reaction, main types of reactions in inorganic chemistry;

1.2.1

characteristic signs of essential chemical concepts;

Be able to define / classify, compile, calculate:

2.4.5

types of chemical reactions;

2.5.3

equations of chemical reactions

2.8.3

use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activity and everyday life for:

2.9.2

explanations of individual facts and natural phenomena;

System for evaluating testing of chemistry

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

Part 2. The task with the deployed response.

Score

A chemical reaction equation is recorded

Placed coefficients

The type of reaction is specified

Maximum score

14.

Score

The correct answer to the question is presented and a sufficient rationale for errors is given.

The correct answer to the question is presented, but its rationale is not quite complete

The correct answer is presented to the question.

Maximum score

Transfer of test score in the mark on the five-point system.

Number of points

Less than 7.

7-10

11-15

16-20

Evaluation

The level of achievements

Low

Base

Increased

Examination Grade 8

Specification Kim for testing No. 4 on the topic "Solutions. Properties of electrolyte solutions "

Control Type: Internal Monitoring

Appointment of test work: Assess the level of development of each student content of the topic "Solutions. Properties of electrolyte solutions "

45 minutes is given for testing. The work consists of 2 parts and includes 14 tasks.

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

The maximum number of points is 20 points.

When developing tasks, temporary standards were taken into account, enshrined in the Specifications of the GIA for the tasks of various levels of complexity and to fulfill all the work.

Distribution of tasks on the levels of complexity, verified elements of substantive content, the level of preparation, types of tasks and execution time is presented in Table 1

Difficulty level

Code by specifical

Type of task

Subject

Approximate task execution time.

Evaluation in Ballhach

C-2.4

UP-1.2.2

Qualitative task

Electrolytic dissociation

2 minutes.

C-2.3

UP-2.2.3.

Qualitative task

The degree of dissociation

2 minutes.

S-2.1

UE-2.2.3.

Qualitative task

Change coloring indicators

2 minutes.

C-2.5

UE-2.4.6

Qualitative task

Ion exchange reactions

2 minutes.

C-2.2

UE-2.4.5

Qualitative task

The conditions for the flow of ion exchange reactions

2 minutes.

C-2.5

UE-2.4.6

Qualitative task

Ion exchange reactions

2 minutes.

C-3.2.1.

UE-2.3.3.

Qualitative task

2 minutes.

C-3.2.2.

UE-2.3.3.

Qualitative task

Chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic substances

2 minutes.

C-2.2

UE-2.4.5

Qualitative task

Qualitative reactions

2 minutes.

C-3.3.

UE-2.3.4.

Qualitative task

Genetic communications

2 minutes.

C-2.5

UE-2.4.6

Conformity establishment

Ion exchange reactions

4 min.

C-2.5

UE-2.4.5

Conformity establishment

Ion exchange reactions

4 min.

S-3.2.3., 3.2.4.

UE-2.5.3.

High-quality task with an open answer.

Chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic substances

8 min.

S-4.5.3.

UE-2.8.3.

Estimated task with an open answer

Calculations for chemical equations of the volume of substance by weight of the reaction products

8 min.

Chemistry test work, grade 8

Codifier

Content elements and requirements for learning training, for conducting Control work number 4 on the topic "Solutions. Properties of electrolyte solutions "

Section 1. Codifier. Content elements

THE CODE

Content elements checked by kim jobs

Chemical reaction

Electrolytes and non-electrolytes

Cations and anions. Electrolytic dissociation of acids, alkalis and salts (medium

The reactions of ion exchange and the conditions for their implementation

Elementary bases of inorganic chemistry

3.2.1.

3.2.2.

3.2.3.

Chemical properties of acids

3.2.4.

Chemical properties of salts

3.3.

Experimental bases of chemistry

4.5.3.

Calculation of the amount of substance, mass or volume of substance in the amount of substance, mass or volume of one of the reactants or reaction products

Section 2. Codifier. Requirements for the level of training.

THE CODE

Skills and activities verified by tasks Kim

Know / understand:

1.2.2

on the existence of the relationship between the most important chemical concepts

Be able to explain / classify, draw up, calculate:

2.2.3.

essence of the process of electrolytic dissociation and ion exchange reactions

2.3.3

chemical properties of basic classes of inorganic substances (oxides, acids, bases and salts)

2.8.3

the amount of substance, volume or mass of matter in the amount of substance, volume or mass of reagents or reaction products

2.4

define

2.4.6.

the ability to flow by ion exchange reactions;

2.5.

make up

2.5.3.

equations of chemical reactions

2.3.4.

System for evaluating testing of chemistry

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

Part 2. The task with the deployed response.

Score

Three equations of chemical reactions in molecular and ionic form are recorded

Two reaction equations in molecular and ion form are recorded

One equation of reactions in molecular and ion form is recorded

Maximum score

14.

Score

2) The amount of substance and the mass of silver nitrate contained in the initial solution are calculated: by the reaction equation

3) calculated the mass fraction of silver nitrate in the initial solution

The answer is correct and complete contains all items.

Maximum score

Transfer of test score in the mark on the five-point system.

Number of points

Less than 7.

7-10

11-15

16-20

Evaluation

The level of achievements

Low

Base

Increased

Examination Grade 8

Specification KIM for the final monitoring control work.

Control Type: Internal Monitoring

Appointment of test work: assess the level of development by each student content of the course of chemistry of grade 8.

In terms of content, work will allow you to check the success of the assimilation of the following:

1. Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements. The structure of the atom.

2. Chemical bond.

3. Compounds of chemical elements.

4. Chemical reactions. Electrolytic dissociation.

5. Methods for obtaining substances, the use of substances and chemical reactions.

The work will allow to identify the formation of the following subject skills:

1. To describe the structure of the atom, the properties of the elements and their compounds on the position in the periodic system.

2. Determined the type of chemical bond, the degree of oxidation of chemical elements.

3. Call substances, classify them, describe properties and methods for obtaining.

4. Compile the equations of chemical reactions of different types, ED equations.

5. Conduct calculations for chemical formulas and equations.

The work will allow to identify the assimilation of the content at the base level (b), elevated (P)

high (B)

45 minutes is given for testing. The work consists of 2 parts and includes 14 tasks.

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

The maximum number of points is 20 points.

When developing tasks, temporary standards were taken into account, enshrined in the Specifications of the GIA for the tasks of various levels of complexity and to fulfill all the work.

Distribution of tasks on the levels of complexity, verified elements of substantive content, the level of preparation, types of tasks and execution time is presented in Table 1

Difficulty level

Code by specifical

Type of task

Subject

Approximate task execution time.

Evaluation in Ballhach

C-1.6.

UP-1.3.

Qualitative task

Chemical formulas

2 minutes

C-1.1.

UP-1.1.

Qualitative task

Building atom

2 minutes

C-1.3.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Chemical communications

2 minutes

C-1.3.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Crystal cell

2 minutes

C-2.2

UE-2.5.3.

Qualitative task

Types of chemical reactions

2 minutes

C-3.3.

UE-2.3.4.

Qualitative task

Genetic communications

2 minutes

C-3.2.1.

UE-2.3.3.

Qualitative task

Chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic substances

2 minutes

C-2.2.

UP-1.1.

Qualitative task

Characteristic reaction

2 minutes

C-2.6.

UP-1.2.

Qualitative task

Redox reactions

2 minutes

C-3.2.3.

UE-2.3.3.

Qualitative task

Chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic substances

2 minutes

C-3.2.4.

UE-2.3.3.

Conformity establishment

Chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic substances

4 min

C-1.6.

UP-2.1.2.

Conformity establishment

Classification of inorganic substances

4 min

S-4.5.3.

UE-2.8.3.

Estimated task with an open answer

Calculations on chemical survivations of the volume of substance by weight of the reaction products

8 min

C-3.3.

UE-2.5.3 ..

High-quality task with an open answer

Make equations of reactions of different types

8 min

Chemistry test work, grade 8

Codifier

Content elements and requirements for training training, for final monitoring test work

Section 1. Codifier. Content elements

THE CODE

Content elements checked by kim jobs

Substance

1.6.

Atoms and molecules. Chemical element. Simple and complex substances. The main classes of inorganic substances. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds

1.1

The structure of the atom. The structure of the electronic shells of atoms of the first 20 elements of the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev

1.3.

Structure of substances. Chemical Communication: Covalent (polar and non-polar), ionic, metal

Chemical reactions.

2.2.

Classification of chemical reactions on various features: the number and composition of the initial and obtained substances, changes in the degrees of oxidation of chemical elements, absorption and energy isolation.

2.6.

Redox reactions. Oxidizer and reducing agent

Elementary bases of inorganic chemistry.

3.2.1.

Chemical properties of oxides: Automatic, amphoteric, acid

3.2.2.

Chemical properties of the base

3.2.3.

Chemical properties of acids

3.2.4.

Chemical properties of salts (medium)

3.3.

The relationship of various classes of inorganic substances

Methods of knowledge of substances and chemical phenomena. Experimental bases of chemistry

4.2.

Determination of the nature of the solution of acid solutions and alkalis using indicators. Qualitative reactions to ions in solution (chloride, sulfate, carbonate ions, ammonium ion

4.4.

Obtaining and studying the properties of the studied classes of inorganic substances

4.5.3.

Calculation of the amount of substance, mass or volume of substance in the amount of substance, mass or volume of one of the reactants or reaction products

Section 2. Codifier. Requirements for the level of training.

THE CODE

Skills and activities verified by tasks Kim

Know / understand:

1.1.

chemical symbolics: Chemical elements, chemical formulas, chemical reaction equations;

1.2.

element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular weight, ion, cation, anion, chemical bond, electronegativity, valence, oxidation, mole, molar mass, molar volume, solutions, electrolytes and non-electrolytes, electrolytic dissociation, oxidizing and reducing agent, oxidation and restoration, thermal effect of reaction, the main types of reactions in inorganic chemistry;

Be able to call:

2.1.2.

compounds of studied classes of inorganic substances;

Be able to characterize:

2.3.3.

chemical properties of the basic classes of inorganic substances (oxides, acids, bases and salts);

2.3.4.

the relationship between the composition, structure and properties of individual organic matter representatives

Be able to draw up:

2.5.3.

equations of chemical reactions

Be able to calculate:

2.8.3.

the amount of substance, volume or mass of matter in the amount of substance, volume or mass of reagents or reaction products

System for evaluating testing of chemistry

Part 1 includes 10 baseline tasks. Each task is given 4 options of response, of which only one is correct. For the execution of each task - 1 point.

Part 2. The task with the deployed response.

Criteria content

Score

1) The reaction equation is drawn up:

2) molecular weights

3) the volume of gas is calculated

The answer is correct and complete contains all items.

The first two responses elements are correctly recorded.

The correctly recorded one answer element

All response elements are recorded incorrectly.

Maximum score

14.

Criteria content

Score

The correct answer to the question is presented and a sufficient rationale for errors is given.

The correct answer to the question is presented, but its rationale is not quite complete

The correct answer is presented to the question.

Maximum score

Transfer of test score in the mark on the five-point system.

Number of points

Less than 7.

7-10

11-15

16-20

Evaluation

The level of achievements

Low

Base

Increased

Secondary education

EGE-2019 CHEMISM

We bring to your attention the analysis of the demo-2019 demo-2019 in chemistry.
This material contains explanations and a detailed solution algorithm, as well as recommendations on the use of reference books and benefits that may be needed when preparing for the USE.

On August 24, 2018, at the official website of the FII, the demo version of the EGE-2019 in chemistry, as well as the specification and codifier appeared.

The manual contains training tasks of the basic and elevated levels of complexity, grouped by topics and types. Tasks are located in the same sequence as offered in the exam exam. At the beginning of each type of task, the contents of the content are indicated - themes that should be studied before proceeding. The allowance will be useful to teachers of chemistry, as it makes it possible to effectively organize the educational process in the lesson, conducting the current control of knowledge, as well as the preparation of students to the exam.

The structure and content of KIM EGE in Chemistry in 2019 regulate the following documents:

The codifier of the elements of the content and requirements for the preparation of graduates of educational organizations for the unified state exam in Chemistry in 2019;
Specification of control measuring materials for carrying out a unified state examination of chemistry in 2019;
Demonstration option of control measuring materials EGE 2019

Codifier Developed on the basis of the federal component of the state standard of secondary (full) general education in the 2004 chemistry and adequately determines the total amount of content verifiable by the control measuring materials of the USE. The content base of control measuring materials is specified in the codifier due to the presence of operationalized skills and activities of two large blocks "know / understand" and "be able", which are presented in the requirements of the standard.

The codifier covers a minimum of knowledge, skills, methods of cognitive and practical activity, which meets the requirements for the level of graduation training, and thereby ensures the independence of KIM from teaching chemistry at school on variation programs and textbooks.

IN specifications of control measuring materials for chemistry

defined the appointment of KIM EGE;
presented documents that determine the content of the CIM EGE;
approaches to the selection of content, the development of the structure of KIM EGE
the structure of the KIM EGE is presented, the characteristics of the tasks of various types are given, it is shown how they are distributed in parts of the work, according to content blocks and meaningful lines, by types of verified skills and methods of action;
the time of performance, additional materials and equipment that can be used on the exam are indicated;
presented a system for assessing certain tasks and all work as a whole;
changes are described by the CIM EGE 2019 compared with 2018;
the generalized version of the version of Kim Ege 2019 is presented.

Demonstration option EGE in Chemistry 2019 Compiled in full compliance with the codifier and specification and makes it possible to familiarize yourself with the types of tasks that will be presented in the examination work of 2019, with the level of their complexity, the requirements for the completeness and correctness of the recovery response record, with the criteria for estimating tasks.

However, it should be noted that:

tasks included in the demo version do not cover all elements of the contentthat will be checked with the help of KIM options in 2019;
a complete list of elements that can be monitored at the Unified State Examination 2019, is provided in the codifier of the elements of the content and requirements for the level of training of graduates of organizations for the Unified State Exam;
purposethe demonstration option is to enable any participant in the exam and the general public to make an idea of \u200b\u200bthe structure of KIM options, types of tasks and the levels of their complexity: basic, elevated and high.

The examination work consists of two parts that include 35 tasks. Part 1 contains 29 tasks of the basic and elevated level of complexity with a brief answer. The answer to the tasks of part 1 is a sequence of numbers or number. Part 2 contains 6 tasks of a high level of complexity with an expanded response. Answers to tasks 30-35 include a detailed description of the entire progress of the task.

3.5 hours are assigned to the execution of examination work in chemistry (210 minutes).

When performing work, a periodic system of chemical elements DI is used. Mendeleev, solubility table of salts, acids and bases in water, electrochemical row of metal voltages. These accompanying materials are attached to the text of the work. An unprogrammed calculator is also allowed.

Tasks in the examination work are distributed in four intensive blocks, which are divided into substantive lines:

"Theoretical foundations of chemistry:" The structure of the atom. Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleeva. The patterns of changing the properties of chemical elements in periods and groups. " "The structure of the substance. Chemical Communication ";
"Inorganic substances: classification and nomenclature, chemical properties and genetic communication of substances of various classes";
"Organic substances: classification and nomenclature, chemical properties and genetic communication of substances of various classes";
"Methods of knowledge in chemistry. Chemistry and life: chemical reaction. Methods of knowledge in chemistry. Chemistry and life. Calculations for chemical formulas and reaction equations. "

When determining the number of tasks Kim Egefocused on verifying the learning material of individual blocks, primarily taken into account by them Volume in the content of chemistry.

Consider the tasks presented in the examination work by contacting this to the demonstration version of the exam in Chemistry 2019.

Block "The structure of the atom. Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleeva. The patterns of changing the properties of chemical elements in periods and groups. " "The structure of the substance. Chemical Communication "

This block contains tasks only the basic level of complexity that were focused on testing the assimilation of the concepts characterizing the structure of atoms of chemical elements and the structure of substances, as well as to test the skills to apply a periodic law to compare the properties of the elements and their compounds.

Consider these tasks.

Tasks 1-3 are combined with a single context:

Exercise 1

Determine the atoms of which of the four elements indicated in the number of elements have four electrons at the external energy level.

Task 3.

From among those indicated in a number of items, select two elements that show the lower degree of oxidation equal to -4.

Record in the response field of the selected items.

For execution tasks 1. It is necessary to apply knowledge about the structure of the electronic shells of atoms of chemical elements of the first four periods, s-, P-and d-elements, Ob. E.small configurations of atoms, main and excited states of atoms. The presented elements are located in the main subgroups, therefore the number of external electrons of their atoms is equal to the number of the group to which this element is located. Four external electrons have silicon and carbon atoms.

With the task 1 in 2018, 61.0% of the examinations successfully coped.

Successful implementation tasks 2. implies an understanding of the meaning of the periodic law D.I. Mendeleev and patterns of changing the chemical properties of elements and their compounds in periods and groups due to the characteristics of the structure of the atoms of the elements. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that it is necessary not to simply choose the elements that are in one period, but be sure to place them in a certain sequence. In this task, it is necessary to position the elements in order of increasing their metal properties. To do this, it is necessary to recall that within one period, the increase in the charge of the nucleus of the atom, the metal properties of the elements are reduced. Therefore, in order of increasing metal properties, elements of the period III should be positioned in the sequence: Si - Mg - Na.

In 2018, the task 2 successfully completed 62.0% of the examinations.

For execution tasks 3. It should be understood as the meaning of the concepts of the chemical element, an atom, molecule, ion, chemical bond, electronegativity, valence, oxidation degree, be able to determine the valence, degree of oxidation of chemical elements, charge charges, applying the main provisions of the theory of the structure of the atom. The lower degree of oxidation of non-metal elements is determined by the number of electrons, which is not enough until the external electron level is completed, on which no more than eight electrons can be located. The lower degree of oxidation, equal to -4, will have non-metal elements of 4 groups, in this context - silicon and carbon.

With the task 3, 80.2% of the exam participants were successfully completed.

The results of the implementation of these tasks in 2018 indicate that schoolchildren successfully coped with them, unlike tasks 4.the same block aimed at defining the skills to determine the type of chemical bond in compounds, to determine the nature of the chemical bond (ionic, covalent, metal, hydrogen) and the dependence of the properties of inorganic and organic substances from their composition and structure. In 2018, only 52, 6% of the exam participants could cope with this task.

Task 4.

From the proposed list, select two compounds in which ionic chemical bond is present.

CA (CLO 2) 2
HCLO 3.
NH 4 Cl.
HCLO 4.
Cl 2 O 7

Record the number of selected connections in the response field.

When this task is performed, it is necessary to analyze the qualitative composition of each substance specified in the task. Schoolchildren often do not take into account that within a single substance between atoms there may be various types of chemicals depending on the value of their electronegability. So, between chlorine and oxygen atoms in calcium chlorate Ca (CLO 2) 2 there is a covalent polar bond, and between chlorat-ion and calcium - ionic. Schoolchildren also forget that inside the ammonium cation of the nitrogen atom is associated with hydrogen atoms by covalent polar bonds, but the ammonium cation itself is associated with an anions of acid residues by ion bond. Thus, the correct answer is calcium chlorate (1) and ammonium chloride (3).

Block "Inorganic substances"

The assimilation of the content of this block is checked by the tasks of the basic, increased and high levels of complexity: only 7 tasks, of which 4 of the tasks of the base level of complexity, 2 tasks - an increased level of complexity and 1 task of a high level of complexity.

The tasks of the basic level of complexity of this unit are presented with tasks with a choice of two correct answers from five and in the format of conformity between the positions of two sets (task 5).

The execution of the tasks of the block "inorganic substances" provides for the use of a wide range of subject skills. Among them, skills: classify inorganic and organic substances; call substances on the international and trivial nomenclature; characterize the composition and chemical properties of substances of various classes; Make the equations of reactions confirming the relationship of substances of various classes.

While doing tasks 5. The basic level of complexity of schoolchildren should demonstrate the ability to classify inorganic substances in all known classification features, demonstrating the knowledge of the trivial and international nomenclature of inorganic substances.

Task 5.

Set the correspondence between the formula of the substance and the class / group to which this substance belongs: to each position indicated by the letter, select the appropriate position indicated by the number.

Among the presented substances NH 4 HCO 3 refers to the acidic salts, Kf - to the middle salts, NO is non-forming oxide. Thus, the correct answer is 431. The results of the task 5 in 2018 indicate a successful mastering graduate skills to classify inorganic substances: an average percentage of this task was 76.3.

A little worse, schoolchildren cope with the tasks of the basic level of complexity, when fulfilling which they need to apply knowledge about the characteristic chemical properties of inorganic substances of various classes. These include tasks 6 I. 7 .

Task 6.

From the proposed list, select two substances with each of which iron reacts without heating.

calcium chloride (Rr)
copper Sulfate (II) (Rr)
concentrated nitric acid
diluted hydrochloric acid
aluminium oxide

When performing this task, it is necessary to carry out the following sequence of thought operations: determine the chemical nature of all the compounds proposed in the task, and then on the basis of this, it is necessary to determine which iron will not react with calcium chloride solution and with aluminum oxide, and concentrated nitric acid at room temperature passivates iron . In accordance with the position in the electrochemical row of stresses, iron without heating reacts with copper sulfate (II), replacing copper from this salt, and with diluted hydrochloric acid, displacing hydrogen from it. The correct answer is thus 24.

With the task of 7 in 2018, 62.8% of graduates coped.

Task 7.

In one of the tubes with the precipitate of aluminum hydroxide, a strong acid X was added, and a solution of the substance y. As a result, the precipitate was observed in each of the tubes. From the list of the list, select X and Y substances that can enter into the reactions described.

bromomrogenic acid
sodium hydrosulfide
hydrogen sulfide acid
potassium hydroxide
hydrate ammonia

Task 7 requires careful analysis of the condition, the use of knowledge of the properties of substances and the essence of the ion exchange reactions. Task 7 is rated by 2 points. In 2018, 66.5% of graduates fully coped with the task of 7.

When performing a task 7 proposed in the demo version, it is necessary to consider that aluminum hydroxide shows amphoteric properties and interacts both with strong acids and alkalis. Thus, the substance X is a strong bomoomrogenic acid, the substance Y - alkali potassium hydroxide. The correct answer is 14.

Tasks 8. and 9 Increased level of complexity oriented to a comprehensive test of knowledge about the properties of inorganic substances. These tasks are presented in the format of conformity between two sets. The execution of each of these tasks is estimated to be maximized by 2 points.

Task 8.

Install the correspondence between the formula of the substance and reagents, with each of which this substance can interact: to each position indicated by the letter, select the corresponding position indicated by the number.

Formula of substances

Reagents

D) znbr 2 (r-p)

1) AGNO 3, Na 3 PO 4, Cl 2

2) Bao, H 2 O, Koh

3) H 2, Cl 2, O 2

4) HBR, Liohn, CH 3 COOH (P-P)

5) H 3 PO 4 (Rr), BACL 2, CUO

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

When performing a task 8, knowledge must be applied both about the characteristic properties of the basic classes of inorganic compounds and the specific properties of individual representatives of these classes.

So, it should be noted that sulfur can be reacting with hydrogen, acting as an oxidizing agent, and oxidized under the action of chlorine and oxygen (3).

Sulfur oxide (VI) is a typical acidic oxide, react with basic Bao oxide, water and potassium hydroxide (2).

Zinc hydroxide has amphoteric properties and can interact with both acids and alkalis (4).

The zinc bromide can be entered into the exchange reaction with silver nitrate and sodium phosphate to form insoluble salts - AgCl and Zn 3 (PO 4) 2, as well as interact with chlorine, which displaces bromine (1) from it.

Thus, the correct answer is 3241.

This task turns out to be traditionally difficult for schoolchildren: in 2018, 49.3% of graduates fully coped with it.

Task 9. Presented in the format of conformity between reacting substances and reaction products between these substances.

Task 9.

Set the correspondence between the source substances that react, and the products of this reaction: to each position indicated by the letter, select the corresponding position indicated by the number.

Source substances

Reaction products

A) Mg and H 2 SO 4 (conc.)

B) MGO and H 2 SO 4

C) S and H 2 SO 4 (conc.)

D) h 2 s and o 2 (q.)

1) MgSO 4 and H 2 O

2) MGO, SO 2 and H 2 O

3) H 2 S and H 2 O

4) SO 2 and H 2 O

5) MgSO 4, H 2 S and H 2 O

6) SO 3 and H 2 O

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

When performing the task 9, it is necessary to analyze the properties of substances that react, the conditions for conducting processes, predict the products of these reactions by choosing them from the proposed list. The task is to ensure the integrated application of the knowledge of the chemical properties of specific substances, taking into account the specified conditions for the reaction between them. When performing this task, it is desirable to record the equations of the corresponding reactions, which will facilitate the formulation of the response.

Consider the task 9 presented in the demonstration option. We take into account that concentrated sulfuric acid in the magnesium reaction will show oxidative properties due to the sulfur atoms to the degree of oxidation +6. Reaction products will be magnesium sulfate, hydrogen sulfide and water (5).

Magnesium oxide is the main oxide, which, when interacting with sulfuric acid, forms a salt - magnesium sulfate and water (1).

Concentrated sulfuric acid oxidizes sulfur to sulfur gas (4).

In excess oxygen, hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to sulfur gas (4).

Thus, the correct answer is 5144.

The assimilation of knowledge about the relationship of inorganic substances is checked using the tasks of the basic level of complexity with a short response (task 10) and a high level of complexity with a detailed response (task 32).

Task 9, as well as the task 8, turned out to be difficult for graduates: 47.4% of the examined were cope with it in 2018.

Consider task 10. The basic level of complexity from the demonstration option.

Task 10.

KCL (R-R)
K 2 O.
HCl (HOL.)
CO 2 (R-R)

Record into the table number selected substances under the appropriate letters.

Sodium carbonate can be obtained by reacting carbon dioxide with potassium oxide K 2 O (2). When carbon dioxide passes through a solution of middle salt K 2 CO 3, an acidic salt KHCO 3 (5) is formed. In the list of substances, hydrochloric acid is also proposed, but carbon dioxide is formed in its excess, and not an acidic salt. Thus, the correct answer is 25.

With the task 10, which is estimated to be maximized by 2 points, in 2018, 66.5% of graduates successfully coped.

Task 32. The high level of complexity is a description of the "mental experiment". To cope with this task, it is often necessary in addition to the chemical properties of substances to know also their physical properties (aggregate state, color, smell, etc.).

Consider the task 32 from the demo option.

Task 32.

With the electrolysis of the aqueous solution of copper nitrate (II), metal was obtained. Metal was treated with concentrated sulfuric acid when heated. The resulting gas reacted with hydrogen sulfide to form a simple substance. This substance is heated with a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide.

Write the equations of four described reactions.

Possible answer:

2CU (NO 3) 2 + 2H 2 O \u003d 2CU + 4HNO 3 + O 2 (Electrolysis)
Cu + 2H 2 SO 4 (conc.) \u003d Cuso 4 + SO 2 + 2H 2 O
SO 2 + 2H 2 S \u003d 3S + 2H 2 O
3S + 6KOH \u003d 2K 2 S + K 2 SO 3 + 3H 2 O

(It is possible to form K 2 S 2 O 3)

With the task 32, which is assessed by the maximum 4 points (one score for each correctly composed reaction equation), in 2018 37.6% of graduates were successfully coped.

Block "Organic substances"

The content of the body "Organic substances" is a system of knowledge about the most important concepts and theories of organic chemistry, characteristic chemical properties of studied substances belonging to various classes of organic compounds, the relationship of these substances. This unit includes 9 tasks. The assimilation of the content of this block is checked by the basic tasks (tasks 11-15 and 18), elevated (tasks 16 and 17) and high (task 33) levels of complexity. These tasks were also checked for the formation of skills and activities similar to those who were named in relation to the elements of the content of the block "inorganic substances".

Consider the tasks of the block "inorganic substances".

While doing tasks 11. The basic level of complexity to schoolchildren must demonstrate the ability to classify organic substances in all known classification features, demonstrating the knowledge of the trivial and international nomenclature of organic substances.

Task 11.

Set the correspondence between the name of the substance and class / group,
To which (s), this substance belongs: to each position indicated by the letter, select the appropriate position indicated by the number.

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

Among the substances presented methylbenzene refers to hydrocarbons, aniline-to aromatic amines, and 3-methylbutanal is aldehyde. Thus, the correct answer is 421. The results of the task 11 in 2018 indicate that the ability to classify organic substances compared with the same skill in relation to inorganic substances was formed in graduates somewhat weaker: the percentage of this task is 61.7.

While doing tasks 12. Basic level of complexity graduates It is necessary to apply the main position of the theory of organic compounds for analyzing the structure and properties of substances, to determine the type of chemical bonds in compounds, the spatial structure of molecules, homologues and isomers.

Task 12.

From the proposed list, select two substances that are structural isomers of Bouthen-1.

butane
cyclobutane
butin-2.
butadiene-1,3
methylpropen

Write down in the response field of the selected substances.

Beaten-2 isomers having a molecular formula with 4 H 8 will be cyclobutane and methylpropen. The correct answer is 25.

For graduates, this task turned out to be quite complicated: in 2018, the average percentage of its implementation amounted to 56.2.

Task 13. The basic level of complexity is aimed at checking the skills to characterize chemical properties and basic methods for producing hydrocarbons.

Task 13.

From the proposed list, select two substances, while the interaction of potassium permanganate solution in the presence of sulfuric acid will be observed a change in the color of the solution.

hexane
benzene
toluene
propane
propylene

Write down in the response field of the selected substances.

When performing this task, it is necessary to consider that potassium permanganate solution in the presence of sulfuric acid is capable of oxidizing hydrocarbons containing double and triple bonds, as well as benzene homologs. Of those presented in the task, the substances are toluene (methylbenzene) and propylene. Thus, the correct answer is 35. With this task successfully coped in 2018 only 57.7% of graduates.

While doing tasks 14. The basic level of complexity It is necessary to apply knowledge about the characteristic chemical properties of oxygen-containing organic compounds.

Task 14.

From the proposed list, select two substances with which formaldehyde reacts.

AG 2 O (NH 3 Rr)
CH 3 OSN 3

Write down in the response field of the selected substances.

Formaldehyde is capable of both recovery reactions and oxidation: hydrogen (3) will restore it to methanol, and under the action of ammonia solution of silver oxide (4) it will be oxidized. The correct answer is 34. The percentage of the task 14 is even lower than the tasks 13: In 2018, only 56.9% of graduates successfully coped with it.

Task 15. The basic level is aimed at checking the skills to characterize the chemical properties and methods for producing nitrogen-containing organic compounds (amines and amino acids), as well as biologically important substances (fats, carbohydrates).

Task 15.

From the proposed list, select two substances with which methylamine reacts.

propane
chloromethane
hydrogen
sodium hydroxide
hydrochloric acid

Write down in the response field of the selected substances.

Methyline is able to react with chloromethane (2), forming a salt of secondary amine - dimethylin chloride, as well as with hydrochloric acid (5), also forming salt - methylin chloride. The correct answer is 25. With the task 15 in 2018, only 47% of the exam participants successfully coped. Extremely low results of this task make it possible to conclude that graduates are poorly formed knowledge about the chemical properties of nitrogen-containing organic compounds and methods for their preparation. The reason for this may be associated with insufficient attention, which is paid to this element of the content in the process of studying organic chemistry at school.

Task 16. Focused on testing the knowledge of the characteristic chemical properties of hydrocarbons and methods for their receipt at the elevated level of complexity.

Task 16.

Set the correspondence between the name of the substance and the product, which is mostly formed by the interaction of this substance with bromine: to each position indicated by the letter, select the appropriate position indicated by the number.

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

Ethane enters into the reaction of substitution to the formation of bromoethane (5).

The substitution of the hydrogen atom during bromination isobutane occurs mainly in the tertiary carbon atom, as a result of which 2-bromine is formed, 2-methylpropane (2).

The cyclopropane bromination is accompanied by a cycle break with the formation of 1,3-dimethylphopane (3).

In the bromination of cyclohexane, in contrast to the cyclopropane, the reaction of the hydrogen atom in the cycle occurs and bromocyclohexane (6) is formed.

Thus, the correct answer is 5236. This task was fulfilled by graduates successfully enough - in 2018, 48.7% of the examiners coped with it.

Task 17. It is aimed at checking the skills to characterize the chemical properties and methods for the preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds (limiting monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, phenol, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters) at an elevated level of complexity.

Task 17.

Set the correspondence between the reactant substances and the carbon-containing product, which is formed during the interaction of these substances: to each position indicated by the letter, select the appropriate position indicated by the number.

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

To successfully perform such tasks, it is necessary not only to apply the knowledge of the chemical properties of organic compounds, but also to own chemical terminology. In addition, it is necessary to record equations specified in the reaction condition, to make sure of its response.

The product of interaction of acetic acid and sodium sulfide is sodium acetate (5) and hydrogen sulfide.

Formic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, forming sodium formate (4) and water.

A formic acid under the action of copper hydroxide (II) when heated is oxidized to carbon dioxide (6).

The product of the ethanol reaction with sodium is a sodium ethyleth (2) and hydrogen.

Thus, the correct answer is 5462. In 2018, 48.6% of the examiners successfully coped with the task 17.

The assimilation of the element of the content of the "relationship of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic compounds" is checked task 18. basic level of complexity and task 33. high level of complexity.

Task 18.

The following scheme of the transformation of substances is given:

Determine which of these substances are substances X and Y.

Cu (OH) 2
NaOH (H 2 O)
NaOH (alcohol)

Record into the table number selected substances under the appropriate letters.

Ethanol can be obtained from chloroethane under the action of an aqueous alkali solution (4). Acetaldehyde is formed when ethanol interacts with copper (II) oxide (2) when heated. The correct answer is 52. The fulfillment of this task was estimated as follows as 2 points. In 2018, only 56.4% of the examiners have successfully coped with it.

We also consider the task of 33 of the high level of complexity that verifies the assimilation of the relationship of organic compounds of various classes.

Task 33.

Write the reaction equations with which the following transformations can be carried out:

When writing the reaction equations, use structural formulas for organic substances.

Possible answer:

At a temperature of 180 ° C in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, propanol-1 is subjected to dehydration to form propene:

Propen, interacting with a chloride, forms in accordance with the rule of Markovnikov mainly 2-chlorpropane:

Under the action of an aqueous solution of alkali 2-chloropropane hydrolyzed with the formation of propanol-2:

Next, it is necessary to obtain propane (x 1) again from propanol-2, which can be carried out as a result of the reaction of intramolecular dehydration at a temperature of 180 ° C under the action of concentrated sulfuric acid:

The oxidation product is immang aqueous solution of potassium permanganate on cold.

In 2018, 41.1% of examinations were fully fulfilled to fully correct this task.

Block "Chemical reaction. Methods of knowledge in chemistry. Chemistry and life. Calculations for chemical formulas and reaction equations "

The assimilation of the elements of the content of this block is verified by the tasks of various levels of complexity, including 4 tasks of the base level of complexity, 4 tasks of the increased level of complexity and 2 tasks of the high level of complexity.

Performing the tasks of this block provides for the formation of the formation of the following skills: use in specific situations knowledge about the use of studied substances and chemical processes, industrial methods for obtaining some substances and methods for their processing; plan to conduct an experiment on obtaining and recognizing the most important inorganic and organic substances on the basis of knowledge acquired on the rules of safe work with substances in everyday life; Conduct calculations for chemical formulas and equations.

Some of the elements of the content of this block, such as determining the nature of the environment of aqueous solutions of substances, indicators, calculations of the mass or volume fraction of the reaction product from theoretically possible, calculations of the mass fraction (mass) of the chemical compound in the mixture, were checked within one task in the complex with others Content elements.

Consider the tasks of this block from the demonstration option.

Task 19. Aims to check the skills to classify chemical reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry in all known classification features.

Task 19.

From the proposed list of types of reactions, select two types of reactions to which alkali metal with water can be attributed.

catalytic
homogenic
irreversible
oxidative and restorative
neutralization reaction

Write down in the response field of the selected reaction types.

The reaction of the interaction of alkali metal metal is irreversible (3) and redox (4). Answer - 34.

An analysis of the implementation of the task 19 in 2018 indicates that schoolchildren have difficulty in determining the types of reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry: only 54.3% of the examinations successfully coped with this task.

Task 20. Checks the assimilation of the ability to explain the influence of various factors for the rate of chemical reaction.

Task 20.

From the proposed list of external influences, select two influences that lead to a decrease in the speed of the chemical reaction of ethylene with hydrogen.

reducing temperature
an increase in ethylene concentration
using a catalyst
reducing the concentration of hydrogen
increased pressure in the system

Write down in the response field of the number of selected external influences.

The reaction rate decreases with a decrease in temperature (1) and with a decrease in the concentration of reactant substances, in this case - hydrogen (4). An increase in the concentration of reacting substances, the use of the catalyst and an increase in pressure leading to an increase in the concentration of gaseous substances, on the contrary, contribute to an increase in the rate of ethylene reaction with hydrogen. The correct answer is 14. It should be noted that with this task, the examiners coped very successfully: the percentage of its implementation in 2018 amounted to 78.6.

Tasks on the topic "Redox reactions" are presented in the USE at the basic and high level of complexity. When performing these tasks, schoolchildren must demonstrate the ability to determine the degree of oxidation of chemical elements in compounds, explain the essence of redox reactions, to compile their equations. At the same time, the task of a high level of complexity is combined with a single context with the task on the topic "Electrolytic dissociation. Ion exchange reactions »

Tasks at the basic level of complexity on the topic "Redox reactions" - tasks on "Setting conformity between the positions of two sets". Consider the task on this topic from the demonstration option.

Task 21.

Install the correspondence between the reaction equation and the property of the nitrogen element, which it exists in this reaction: to each position indicated by the letter, select the corresponding position indicated by the number.

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

In the reaction, the degree of oxidation of nitrogen does not change and remains equal to -3, i.e. Nitrogen does not show redox properties (3).

In the reaction b nitrogen increases the degree of oxidation C -3 in NH 3 to 0 in N 2, i.e. It is a reducing agent (2).

In the reaction in nitrogen also increases the degree of oxidation C -3 in NH 3 to +2 to NO, i.e. It is a reducing agent (2).

Thus, the correct answer is 322.

Mastering knowledge about the electrolysis processes of melts and solutions is checked task 22. Increased complexity in the format of conformity conformity between the positions of two sets.

Task 22.

Set the correspondence between the formula of the salt and the products of the electrolysis of the aqueous solution of this salt, which were separated on the inert electrodes: to each position indicated by the letter, select the corresponding position indicated by the number.

Soloi formula		Electrolysis products

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

To fulfill this task, it is necessary to know and be able to apply the patterns of products from the electrodes in the process of electrolysis of solutions and melts of salts, alkalis, acids.

Sodium phosphate - salt formed by active metal and oxygen-containing acid. The electrolysis products of this salt will be hydrogen on the cathode and oxygen on the anode (1).

With the electrolysis of the aqueous solution of potassium chloride on the cathode, hydrogen will be released, and on the anode - chlorine (4).

Copper bromide (II) is a salt formed by metal in an electrochemical row of voltages after hydrogen, so only the release of copper will occur on the cathode. Bromide anion is an anion of oxygenic acid, which will be oxidized on the anode with the separation of bromine (3).

The composition of copper (II) nitrate includes an oxygen-containing anion, which is not oxidized on the anode. Due to the oxidation of water on the anode, oxygen will be released (2).

Thus, the correct answer is 1432. It should be noted that schoolchildren successfully cope with this task: the percentage of its implementation in 2018 is high - 75.0.

Task 23.

Set the correspondence between the name of the salt and the ratio of this salt to hydrolysis: to each position indicated by the letter, select the appropriate position indicated by the number.

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

When this task is performed, the examiner needs to demonstrate knowledge about the hydrolysis of salts of various types, depending on the strength of the acid and the bases that form them.

Ammonium chloride is a salt formed by weak base and strong acid, so it is hydrolyzed by the cation (1).

Potassium sulfate is a salt formed by a strong base and strong acid, so it is not subjected to hydrolysis (3).

Potassium carbonate is a salt formed by a strong base and weak acid, so it is subjected to hydrolysis on anion (2).

Aluminum sulfide - salt, formed by a weak base and weak acid, so it is hydrolyzed by both the cation, and by anion, and in the aqueous medium, there is a complete and irreversible hydrolysis of this salt, as evidenced by a duct in the solubility table (4).

Thus, the correct answer is 1324. The percentage of this task is sufficiently sufficient: in 2018, 62.6% of the examined successfully coped with it.

The tasks of the EGE associated with the concept of "chemical equilibrium", as with the concept of "chemical reaction rate", do not require quantitative calculations. To perform them, it is enough to use knowledge at a qualitative level ("shifts towards a direct reaction", etc.).

Task 24.

Set the correspondence between the reversible reverse equation and the direction of chemical equilibrium displacement by increasing pressure: to each position indicated by the letter, select the appropriate position indicated by the number.

Reaction equation

Direction of chemical equilibrium displacement

A) n 2 (g) + 3H 2 (g) ↔ 2NH 3 (g)

B) 2N 2 (g) + o 2 (g) ↔ 2n 2 o (g)

C) H 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g) ↔ 2NCL (g)

D) SO 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g) ↔ SO 2 Cl 2 (g)

1) shifts towards direct reaction

2) shifts towards the reverse reaction

3) practically not shifts

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

The task on the topic "Chemical equilibrium" is aimed at checking the assimilation of the concepts of "reversible and irreversible chemical reactions", "chemical equilibrium", "shift of chemical equilibrium under the action of various factors." When performing this task, it is necessary to demonstrate the ability to explain the influence of various factors for a chemical equilibrium displacement.

Reactions A, B and G flow with a decrease in the number of molecules of gaseous substances, therefore, in accordance with the principle of Le Chateel, with an increase in pressure, the equilibrium will be shifted towards the direct reaction (1).

The reaction to changes without changing the number of molecules of gaseous substances, so an increase in pressure will not affect the balance of equilibrium (3). Thus, the correct answer is 1131.

With this task in 2018, 64.0% of the examinations were successfully coped.

The greatest difficulties in the participants of the exam arise when performing the tasks of an increased level of complexity in the format of "establishment of conformity between the positions of two sets" that check the learning of knowledge about the experimental foundations of chemistry and general ideas about the industrial methods of obtaining essential substances. These include tasks 25 and 26.

Task 25. Checks the learning of knowledge about high-quality reactions to inorganic and organic substances.

Task 25.

Set the correspondence between the formulas of substances and the reagent, with which you can distinguish with the aqueous solutions of these substances: to each position indicated by the letter, select the corresponding position indicated by the number.

Formulas of substances

A) hno 3 and nano 3

B) kcl and naon

C) NaCl and bacl 2

D) alcl 3 and MgCl 2

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

This task has a pronounced practical oriented character. When it is fulfilled, it is necessary to apply not only theoretical knowledge of the chemical properties of substances, but also the ability to plan and conduct a chemical experiment. To successfully perform this task, experience is needed to carry out a real chemical experiment.

You can distinguish nitric acid from sodium nitrate with copper (1). Nitric acid interacts with copper with the formation of the copper (II) nitrate (II) and the separation of nitrogen oxide (IV) or nitrogen oxide (II), depending on the concentration. Sodium nitrate with copper does not react.

It is possible to distinguish potassium chloride from sodium hydroxide using copper (II) sulfate (5), with which sodium hydroxide interacts with the formation of a blue-color hydroxide precipitate (II). Potassium chloride with copper sulfate (II) does not interact.

Barium chloride, in contrast to sodium chloride, interacts with copper (II) sulfate (5) with the formation of a white crystalline precipitate of barium sulfate.

And aluminum chloride and magnesium chloride interact with sodium hydroxide solution (2) to form white amorphous precipitation of the respective hydroxides. However, aluminum hydroxide, in contrast to magnesium hydroxide, dissolves in an excess of alkali solution, because It has amphoteric properties.

Thus, the correct answer is 1552.

The task of testing knowledge about high-quality reactions is traditionally difficult for schoolchildren. In 2018, only 44.8% of the examined successfully coped with this task. The results of this task suggests that graduates insufficiently mastered the skills of experimental work to study the properties of substances and carrying out chemical reactions. This may be due to a significant reduction in time, which is given to the real chemical experiment when studying chemistry at school.

Task 26. Checks the assimilation of the rules of work in the laboratory, general ideas about the industrial methods of obtaining the most important substances and their application.

Task 26.

Set the correspondence between the substance and the main area of \u200b\u200bits application: to each position indicated by the letter, select the appropriate position indicated by the number.

Write in the table selected numbers under the appropriate letters.

This task, as well as task 25, has a practical oriented character. To successfully perform this task, the examiner must have factual knowledge of the methods of obtaining substances, areas of their use, methods for separating mixtures, on the technological principles of some chemical industries.

The substances presented in this task are widely used in the technique, in industry, in everyday life. Methane is primarily used as fuel (2). Isoprene is a monomer for the production of rubber (3), ethylene - a monomer for the production of plastics (4). It should be noted that the percentage of this assignment even after changing its meaningful saturation and reduce the level of complexity with an increased basic one still remains extremely low: in 2018, only 44.8% of the examiners coped with it.

The tasks of the high level of complexity on the themes of the "reaction of oxidative-reducing" and "ion exchange reactions" are associated with a single context. For execution tasks 30. Examples must be independently choose from the proposed list of substances of substances, between which a redox reaction may occur, and not working with the already ready-made reaction scheme, as was in past years. Next, the reaction equation should be drawn up, bring the electronic balance and specify the oxidizer substance and the reducing substance. For execution tasks 31. It is necessary to choose from the proposed list of substances of the substance between which the ion exchange reaction is possible, and then write equations in molecular, complete and abbreviated ionic forms. Both tasks are assessed as much as possible in 2 points each. When performing this task, the learners also need the ability to draw up the equations of ion exchange reactions in molecular, full and abbreviated ion form.

Consider tasks 30 and 31 with a single context from the demo option.

Task 30.

From the proposed list of substances, select the substances between which is possible a redox reaction, and write the equation of this reaction. Make an electronic balance, specify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent.

To perform this task, it is necessary to analyze the redox properties of the proposed substances. Among the proposed substances, the cooler is potassium permanganate, which will show oxidative properties at the expense of manganese atoms in the highest degree of oxidation +7.

Sodium sulfite due to sulfur atoms in the intermediate degree of oxidation +4 is able to exhibit both oxidative and reducing properties. When interacting with potassium permanganate - a strong oxidizing agent - sodium sulfite will be a reducing agent, oxidizing to sodium sulfate.

The reaction can flow in various media, in the context of this list of substances - in neutral or in alkaline. Pay attention to the fact that in response, only one equation of the redox reaction should be written.

Possible answer:

Sodium sulfite or sulfur in the degree of oxidation +4 is a reducing agent.

Permanganate potassium or manganese to the degree of oxidation +7 - oxidizing agent.

Task 31.

From the proposed list of substances, select the substances between which the ion exchange reaction is possible. Record the molecular, complete and abbreviated ion equation of this reaction.

Among the listed substances is the reaction of ion exchange between potassium bicarbonate and potassium hydroxide, as a result of which the acidic salt will go into the middle.

Possible answer:

Tasks 30 and 31 are capable of differentiate graduates in terms of training. It should be noted that the complication of the wording of the task 30 led to a decrease in the percentage of its implementation: if in 2017 68% of graduates successfully coped with it, then in 2018 - only 41.0%.

Percentage of task 31 - 60.1. At the same time, graduates with a high level of preparation confidently coped with the preparation of a redox reaction and the reaction of ion exchange, and weakly prepared graduates practically did not fulfill these tasks.

In the control work of the exam in chemistry, a big role is assigned settlement tasks. This is explained by the fact that when they decide, it is necessary to rely on the knowledge of the chemical properties of the compounds, use the ability to draw up the equations of chemical reactions, i.e. Use the theoretical database and certain operational and logical and computational skills in the relationship.

The decision of the calculated tasks requires knowledge of the chemical properties of substances and implies the implementation of a certain set of actions that provide the correct response. These actions include:

drawing up the equations of chemical reactions (in accordance with the condition of the problem) necessary to perform stoichiometric calculations;
performing the calculations necessary to find answers to the questions set on the condition;
formulation of a logically reasonable answer to all issues delivered in the condition (for example, determine the physical value - mass, volume, mass fraction of a substance).

However, it should be borne in mind that not all named actions must be present in solving any settlement task, and in some cases some of them can be used repeatedly.

According to the codifier of elements of the content and requirements for the level of training of graduates of educational organizations to conduct a single state exam in chemistry, students should be able to carry out the following calculations for chemical formulas and reaction equations:

calculations using the concept "mass fraction of a substance in solution";
calculations of volumetric gases in chemical reactions;
calculations of the mass of matter or volume of gases according to a certain amount of substance, mass or volume of one of the substances involved in the reaction;
calculations of the thermal effect of the reaction;
calculations of the mass (volume, amount of substance) of the reaction products, if one of the substances are given in excess (has impurities);
calculations of the mass (volume, amount of a substance) of the reaction product, if one of the substances is given in the form of a solution with a certain mass fraction of a dissolved substance;
the establishment of the molecular and structural formula of the substance;
calculations of the mass or volume fraction of the reaction product output from theoretically possible;
calculations of the mass fraction (mass) of the chemical compound in the mixture.

When solving the calculated tasks, schoolchildren often admit the following typical errors:

do not distinguish between a mass solution and mass solved;
when the amount of gaseous substance is founded, it is divided into a molar volume or, on the contrary, the volume of the gaseous substance is divided into its molar mass;
forget to place the coefficients in the reaction equations;
do not find some substance in excess (this error may also be associated with the lack of skill of solving problems on the "excess - disadvantage");
when calculating, mathematical formulas are incorrectly transformed, without thinking about the absurdity of the response received (for example, produce multiplication, but not division Mass dissolved substances on its mass fraction when the mass of the solution is found).

Most of the settlement tasks it is better to solveSince this method is more rational. However, the method of solving and its rationality itself is not taken into account when evaluating settlement tasks. The main thing is that the student demonstrate the logic of the decision proposed by it and in accordance with it fulfilled the correct calculations that should lead it to the right answer.

Analysis of the results of the settlement tasks in 2018 shows that the calculated tasks of even the basic level of difficulty are difficult for schoolchildren. First of all it concerns tasks 28. and 29 . In Prokom 28, it is necessary to calculate the volumetric gases in chemical reactions or calculations on thermochemical equations. FROM task 27.in which it is necessary to make calculations using the concept of "mass fraction of a substance in solution", schoolchildren cope more successfully.

When performing the calculated tasks of the basic level of complexity, it is necessary to pay attention to the dimension of the desired value (g, kg, l, m 3, etc.) and the degree of accuracy of its rounding (up to the whole, tenths, hundredths, etc.).

We give the calculated tasks of the basic level of complexity from the demo version of the exam 2019

Task 27.

Calculate the mass of potassium nitrate (in grams), which should be dissolved in 150.0 g of solution with a mass fraction of this salt 10% to obtain a solution with a mass fraction of 12%. (Record the number up to the tenths.)

Answer: ___________________

The correct answer is 3.4.

With the task 27 in 2018, 61.2% of the examinations successfully coped.

Task 28.

As a result of the reaction, the thermochemical equation of which

2H 2 (g) + o 2 (g) \u003d 2H 2 O (g) + 484 kJ,

1452 KJ heat out. Calculate the mass for the resulting water (in grams). (Record the number up to the integer.)

Answer: ___________________

In this example, the mass of the resulting water was equal to 108. We write the answer: 108.

With the task 28 in 2018, only 58.3% of the examined successfully coped.

Task 29.

Calculate the mass of oxygen (in grams) required for the total burning of 6.72 liters (N.O.) of hydrogen sulfide. (Record the number up to the tenths.)

Answer: ___________________

The correct answer is 14.4.

With a task 29 in 2018, 60% of graduates coped.

The tasks of the high level of complexity 34 and 35 are not always available even to schoolchildren with a good and excellent level of preparation. When solving a problem 35, many schoolchildren do not understand the chemistry of the processes described in the task, and make mistakes in the preparation of the reaction equations. So, the lack of understanding of what the phrase "part of the substance was decomposed" means, does not allow these students to draw up the equations of the respective reactions and carry out the necessary calculations. Another typical error is associated with the determination of the mass of the resulting solution, which ultimately leads to incorrect finding of the desired mass fraction of substances in solution.

Consider task 34. high level of complexity from the demonstration option.

Task 34.

When the calcium carbonate sample is heated, part of the substance decomposed. At the same time, 4.48 liters (N.U.) of carbon dioxide were separated. The mass of the solid residue was 41.2 g. This residue was added to 465.5 g of hydrochloric acid solution taken in excess. Determine the mass fraction of salt in the resulting solution.

In response, write down the reaction equations that are specified in the task condition, and give all the necessary calculations (specify the units of measurement of the desired physical quantities).

Possible answer:

Recovery equations are recorded:

Caco 3 \u003d Cao + Co 2

Caco 3 + 2HCl \u003d CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O

Cao + 2HCl \u003d CaCl 2 + H2O

The amount of substance of the compounds in the solid residue is calculated:

n (CO 2) \u003d V / V m \u003d 4.48 / 22.4 \u003d 0.2 mol

n (CaO) \u003d n (CO 2) \u003d 0.2 mol

m (CaO) \u003d N ∙ m \u003d 0.2 ∙ 56 \u003d 11.2 g

m (Caco 3 residue) \u003d 41.2 - 11.2 \u003d 30 g

n (Caco 3 residue) \u003d m / m \u003d 30/100 \u003d 0.3 mol

The mass of salt in the resulting solution is calculated:

n (CaCl 2) \u003d n (CaO) + N (Caco 3) \u003d 0.5 mol

m (CaCl 2) \u003d N ∙ m \u003d 0.5 ∙ 111 \u003d 55.5 g

n (CO 2) \u003d n (Caco 3 residue) \u003d 0.3 mol

m (CO 2) \u003d N ∙ m \u003d 0.3 ∙ 44 \u003d 13.2 g

The mass fraction of calcium chloride in solution is calculated:

m (p-ra) \u003d 41,2 + 465,5 - 13.2 \u003d 493.5 g

w.(CaCl 2) \u003d M (CaCl 2) / m (p-ra) \u003d 55.5 / 493,5 \u003d 0,112, or 11.2%

In 2018, they fully cope with the task of 34 and received four maximum scores of 21.3% of the exam participants.

While doing tasks 35. It is required not only to determine the molecular formula of the organic matter, but on the basis of its chemical properties described in the condition, it is necessary to establish its structural formula, and also make an equation of one of the characteristic chemical reactions with the participation of this substance. Consider the task of 35 of the high level of complexity.

Task 35.

The organic substance A contains 11.97% nitrogen, 9.40% hydrogen and 27.35% oxygen by weight and is formed when the organic substance is interacted with propanol-2. It is known that the substance B has a natural origin and can interact with both acids and alkalis.

Based on these terms of the task:

speak the necessary calculations (specify the units of measurement of the desired physical quantities) and set the molecular formula of the original organic matter;
make the structural formula of this substance, which uniquely reflects the order of communication of atoms in its molecule;
write the equation of the reaction of the substance A from the substance B and propanol-2 (use structural formulas for organic substances).

Possible answer:

Calculations were carried out and the molecular formula of the substance was found A. The general formula of substance A - C x H y o z n m.

w.(C) \u003d 100 - 9.40 - 27.35 - 11.97 \u003d 51.28%

x: y: z: m \u003d 51.28/12: 9.4 / 1: 27.35 / 16: 11,97 / 14 \u003d 5: 11: 2: 1.

Molecular formula of substance A - C 5 H 11 O 2 N

Composed structural formula of substance A:

The equation of the reaction of the substance is written A:

Difficulties arise from schoolchildren in the preparation of the structural formula of the desired organic matter, uniquely reflecting its properties, as well as in the preparation of the reaction equation in accordance with the condition of the problem. Only 25.7% of the exam participants were able to fully cope with this task in 2018 and get the maximum 3 points for its solution.

It should be noted, tasks with an expanded response can be performed by graduates in various ways.

In conclusion, we allocate several basic principles of organizing the training of schoolchildren to the exam.

The main task of preparing for the exam should be targeted work on the repetition, systematization and generalization of the material studied, on the knowledge of the knowledge of the key concepts of the course of chemistry.

It is also impossible to prepare for the examination only for training in performing tasks, similar to the tasks of the examination work of the current year. The tasks of various types in various formats should be widely used, which are not focused on the simple playback of the knowledge gained, and to test the formation of the skills to apply theoretical knowledge in new learning situations.

When studying, repetition and securing the educational material, various tasks must be used, including those associated with the transformation of information from one form to another: compiling generalizing tables, graph schemes, diagrams, graphs, abstracts, etc.

And, of course, the primary role in preparing for the exam is played by experience and knowledge acquired by schoolchildren when performing and discussing the results of a real chemical experiment, which should be paid to special attention in the process of studying the school course of chemistry.

Unified State Exam for Chemistry

prepared by a federal state scientific institution"Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements"

Chemistry content codifier

to compile control measuring materials

unified State Exam 2007

The codifier is based on a compulsory minimum content of the main and secondary (full) education in chemistry (applications to the orders of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 000 dated 19.05.98 and No. 56 of 06/30/99), taking into account the federal component of the State Standard of General Education in Chemistry (the Order of the Ministry of Education Russia of March 5, 2004 № 000).

Fatty italics indicates large blocks of content. Separate content elements based on verification tasks are indicated in blocks code of the controlled element.

Section code	contra Role	Content elements checked by kim jobs
1		*Chemical element*
		Forms of the existence of chemical elements. Modern ideas about the structure of atoms. Isotopes.
		The structure of the electron shells of atoms of the elements of the first four periods. Butomic orbital, S - and p- elements. Electronic atom configuration. The main and excited state of atoms .
		Periodic law and periodic system of chemical elements. Atom radii, their periodic changes in the system of chemical elements. The patterns of changing the chemical properties of the elements and their compounds in periods and groups.
2		*Substance*
		Chemical bond: covalent (polar and non-polar), ionic, metallic, hydrogen.
		Methods for the education of covalent communications. Covalent Communication Characteristics: Length and Communication Energy . Education of ion communication.
		Electricity. The degree of oxidation and valence of chemical elements.
		Molecular and non-elastic substances. The dependence of the properties of substances from the characteristics of their crystal lattice.
		The variety of inorganic substances. Classification of inorganic substances.
		The overall characteristics of metals of the main subgroups of the I - III groups due to their position in the periodic system of chemical elements and the characteristics of the structure of their atoms.
		The characteristic of transition elements - copper, zinc, chromium, iron by their position in the periodic system of chemical elements and the characteristics of the structure of their atoms.
		The overall characteristics of non-metals of the main subgroups of IV-VII groups in connection with their position in the periodic system of chemical elements and the characteristics of the structure of their atoms.
		Characteristic chemical properties of inorganic substances of various classes: simple substances (metals and non-metals); oxides (basic, amphoteric, acid); bases, amphoteric hydroxides, acids; salts of medium and sour.
		Theory of the structure of organic compounds. Isomerius, homology.
		Variety of organic substances. Classification of organic substances. Systematic nomenclature.
		Homological range of hydrocarbons. Isomers of hydrocarbons. Structural I. spatial isomeria.
		Features of the chemical and electronic structure of alkanans, alkenes, alkins, their properties.
		Aromatic hydrocarbons. Benzene, its electronic structure, properties. Gomezol homologs (toluene).
		Electronic structure of functional groups of oxygen-containing organic compounds.
		Characteristic chemical properties of oxygen-containing organic compounds: limit monatomic and polyhydric alcohols, phenol; aldehydes and limit carboxylic acids.
		Esters. Fats. Soap.
		Carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides .

		Amino acids as amphoteric organic compounds. Proteins.
		The relationship of various classes: inorganic substances; organic substances.
3		*Chemical reaction*
		Classification of chemical reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry.
		The rate of reaction, its dependence on various factors.
		The thermal effect of the chemical reaction. Thermochemical equations.
		Reversible and irreversible chemical reactions. Chemical equilibrium. The displacement of equilibrium under the action of various factors.
		Dissociation of electrolytes in aqueous solutions. Weak and strong electrolytes.
		Ion exchange reactions.
		Redox reactions. Corrosion of metals and ways to protect it.
		Hydrolysis of salts. Wednesday of aqueous solutions: sour, neutral, alkaline.
		Electrolysis of melts and solutions (salts, alkalis).
		Reactions characterizing the basic properties and methods of obtaining: hydrocarbons;
		Natural sources of hydrocarbons, their recycling.
		Basic methods for the synthesis of high molecular compounds (plastics, synthetic rubbers, fibers).
		Calculation of the mass of the dissolved substance contained in a certain mass of the solution with a known mass fraction.
		Calculations: volume gases with chemical reactions.
		Calculations: Mass of matter or gases based on a certain amount of substance from those involved in the reaction.
		Calculations: Thermal reaction effect.
		Calculations: Mass (volume, amount of substance) reaction products, if one of the substances is given in excess (has impurities).
		Calculations: Mass (volume, amount of substance) of the reaction product, if one of the substances is given as a solution with a certain mass fraction of the dissolved substance.
		Finding the molecular formula of substance.

Chemistry codifier includes:

Section 1. A list of elements of the contents verifiable in a single state examination in chemistry;
Section 2. The list of requirements for the level of preparations checked at the Unified State Exam for Chemistry.

Content elements checked by kim jobs

1. Theoretical Basics of Chemistry

1.1 Modern ideas about the structure of an atom

1.1.1 The structure of electronic shells of atoms of the first four periods of elements: S-, P- and D-elements. Electronic configuration of atoms and ions. The main and excited state of atoms

1.2.2 General characteristics of metals IA-III groups due to their position in the periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev and the peculiarities of the structure of their atoms

1.2.3 Characteristics of transition elements (copper, zinc, chromium, iron) by their position in the periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev and the peculiarities of the structure of their atoms

1.2.4 General characteristics of non-metals of IVA-VIIA groups due to their position in the periodic system of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev and the peculiarities of the structure of their atoms

1.3 Chemical Communication and Structure of Substance

1.3.1 Covalent chemical bond, its varieties and education mechanisms. Characteristics of covalent bond (polarity and communication energy). Ion connection. Metal connection. Hydrogen communications
1.3.2 Electricity. and
1.3.3 Substances of the molecular and non-elastic structure. Type of crystal lattice. The dependence of the properties of substances from their composition and structure

1.4 Chemical reaction

1.4.1 Classification of chemical reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry

1.4.2 The thermal effect of the chemical reaction. Thermochemical equations

1.4.3 Chemical reaction rate, its dependence on various factors

1.4.4 Reversible and irreversible chemical reactions. Chemical equilibrium. Chemical equilibrium displacement under the action of various factors

1.4.5 Electrolytic dissociation of electrolytes in aqueous solutions.

1.4.6 ion exchange reactions

1.4.7 Hydrolysis of salts. Wednesday of aqueous solutions: sour, neutral, alkaline

1.4.8 Redox reactions. Metal corrosion and ways to protect it

1.4.9 Electrolysis of melts and solutions (salts, alkalis, acids)
1.4.10 ionic (rule V.V. Markovnikova) and radical mechanisms of reactions in organic chemistry

2. Inorganic chemistry

2.1 Classification of inorganic substances. (trivial and international)

4.1.6 The main methods of obtaining (in the laboratory) of specific substances belonging to the studied class of inorganic compounds
4.1.7 Basic methods for producing hydrocarbons (in the laboratory)
4.1.8 Main methods for producing organic oxygen-containing compounds (in the laboratory)

4.2 General ideas about industrial methods of obtaining essential substances

4.2.1 Concept of metallurgy: General methods for producing metals

4.2.2 General scientific principles of chemical production (on an example of industrial production of ammonia, sulfuric acid, methanol). Chemical environmental pollution and its consequences

4.2.3 Natural sources of hydrocarbons, their processing
4.2.4 High molecular weight connections. Polymerization and polycondensation reactions. Polymers. Plastics, Fiber, Rubber

4.2.5 Application of studied inorganic and organic substances

4.3.1 Calculations using the concept "Mass fraction of a substance in solution"

4.3.2 Calculations of volumetric gases in chemical reactions

4.3.3 Calculations of the mass of matter or volume of gases according to a known amount of substance, mass or volume of one of the participants in the reaction of substances

4.3.4 Calculations of the thermal effect of the reaction

4.3.5 Calculations of the mass (volume, amount of substance) reaction products, if one of the substances are given in excess (has impurities)

4.3.6 Calculations of the mass (volume, amount of substance) of the reaction product, if one of the substances is given as a solution with a certain mass fraction of a dissolved substance

4.3.7 Setting the molecular and structural formula

4.3.8 Calculations of the mass or volume fraction of the reaction product output from theoretically possible
4.3.9 Calculations of the mass fraction of the chemical compound in the mixture

Skills and activities verified by tasks Kim

Know / understand:

1. Major chemical concepts

To understand the meaning of the most important concepts (allocate their characteristic signs): substance, chemical element, atom, molecule, relative atomic and molecular weights, ion, isotopes, chemical bond, electronegativity, valence, oxidation, mole, molar mass, molar volume, molecular weight and non-ethics, solutions, electrolytes and non-electrolytes, electrolytic dissociation, hydrolysis, oxidizing agent and reducing agent, oxidation and reduction, electrolysis, chemical reaction rate, chemical equilibrium, thermal effect of reaction, carbon skeleton, functional group, isomerism and homology, structural and spatial isomerism , the main types of reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry.
Identify the relationships of concepts.
Use essential chemical concepts to explain individual facts and phenomena.

2. Basic laws and chemistry theories

Apply the main provisions of chemical theories (buildings of an atom, chemical bond, electrolytic dissociation, acids and bases, the structure of organic compounds, chemical kinetics) for analyzing the structure and properties of substances
Understand the boundaries of the applicability of the studied chemical theories
Understand the meaning of the Periodic Law D.I. Mendeleev and use it for high-quality analysis and the rationale for the basic laws of the structure of atoms, properties of chemical elements and their compounds

3. Essential substances and materials

Classify inorganic and organic substances for all known classification features
It is understood that the practical use of substances is due to their composition, structure and properties
Have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe role and importance of this substance in practice
Explain the general methods and principles of obtaining the most important substances

Be able to:

1. Call

learned substances in trivial or international nomenclature

2. Determine / classify:

valence, degree of oxidation of chemical elements, ion charges;
in compounds and type of crystal lattice;
the spatial structure of molecules;
nature of the environment of aqueous solutions of substances;
oxidizer and reducing agent;
belonging to substances to various classes of inorganic and organic compounds;
homologists and isomers;
chemical reactions in inorganic and organic chemistry (for all known classification signs)

3. Characterize:

s-, P- and D-elements by their position in the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev;
general chemical properties of simple substances - metals and non-metals;
general chemical properties of the main classes of inorganic compounds, the properties of individual representatives of these classes;
the structure and chemical properties of the studied organic compounds

4. Explain:

the dependence of the properties of chemical elements and their compounds on the position of the element in the periodic system D.I. Mendeleev;
nature of chemical bond (ionic, covalent, metal, hydrogen);
the dependence of the properties of inorganic and organic substances from their composition and structure;
essence of studied types of chemical reactions: electrolytic dissociation, ion exchange, oxidative-reducing (and compile their equations);
the influence of various factors on the speed of the chemical reaction and on the displacement of chemical equilibrium

5. Plan / conduct:

experiment on obtaining and recognizing the most important inorganic and organic compounds, taking into account the acquired knowledge of the rules of safe work with substances in the laboratory and in everyday life;
calculations for chemical formulas and equations

The Unified State Exam (EGE) is a form of state final certification, conducted in order to determine the compliance of the results of the development of educational basic educational programs of secondary general education, the relevant requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, the EDI of the educational standard. For these purposes, control measuring materials (KIM) are used, which are sets of tasks of standardized form.
The EGE is held in accordance with the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ and the procedure for conducting the state final certification on educational programs of secondary general education, approved by the order of the Ministry of Education of Russia and Rosob-Supervision of 07.11.2018 No. 190 / 1512.

Approaches to the selection of content, the development of the structure of KIM EGE.
The selection of Kim's content for the exam in Chemistry in 2020 as a whole was carried out taking into account those general attitudes, on the basis of which the exams of previous years were formed. Among these plants, the most important from a methodical point of view are the following.

Kim are focused on checking the learning of knowledge system, which is considered as an invariant kernel of the content of existing chemistry programs for general education organizations. In the standard, this knowledge system is represented as graduates in the form of requirements for graduates. With these requirements, the level of presentation in the KIM of the checked elements of the content is correlated.

Standardized options for KIM, which will be used during the exam, contain tasks, various in the form of the presentation of the condition and type of the required response, in terms of complexity, as well as according to the methods of assessing their implementation. The tasks are built on the material of the main sections of the course of chemistry. As in previous years, the object of control within the framework of the EGE 2020 is the system of knowledge of the basics of inorganic, general and organic chemistry. The main components of this system include: leading concepts about the chemical element, substance and chemical reaction; Basic laws and theoretical regulations of chemistry; Knowledge of systematic and causality of chemical phenomena, genesis of substances, methods of knowledge of substances. In the standard, this system of knowledge is presented in the form of requirements for the preparation of graduates.

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EGE 2020, Chemistry, Grade 11, Demonstration, Codifier, Specification, Project

The following textbooks and books:

In the piggy bank of the pedagogical experience of future chemistry teachers, preparations for the OGE and EGE, Kozhina L.F., Kosyreva I.V., Tyurina I.V., Vasilchikova OA, 2019
EGE 2020, chemistry, typical options for examination tasks from developers EGE, Medvedev Yu.N., 2020
EGE 2020, Chemistry, 10 training options for examination work for preparation for a single state exam, Savinkina E.V., Zelaynova OG, 2019