To the question of creating a house of his dreams, it is necessary to approach extremely seriously, hoping its strength and opportunities.

The staircase is a special element of the interior in the design of the house, gives it a unique style with a practical and creative orientation. Therefore, it should be reliable, functional and at the same time beautiful to be with pleasure and easily climb to the second floor and go down from it. Before you start making it installation, you need to choose material, design, and, of course, make calculation.

Types of stair designs

There is a sufficiently large variety of types of structures:

• screw;
• combined structures;
• march;
• on the beams;
• at the Bolshes and others.

Much depends on the space, which was originally chosen under the stairs.

Screw construction of stairs

Used for small rooms. It looks spectacular, elegant, elegant and even mysteriously. Suitable for any interior. This design consists of a support rod and steps rising in the spiral around it.

Combined staircase design

Most often combines parts of the march and screw staircases, rising upward and bending under different angles. The choice depends on the designer considerations of the owners of the house. Such stairs on the second floor usually turn out to be the most beautiful.

Marshamic Stair Design

It is the most ergonomic and popular, consisting of one or more direct parts with steps (single-hour and two-pages). Each part should be up to 15-16 comfortable steps.

Single-sample (straight) staircase is suitable for small houses, for example, country. Two-money - for the hallway or square-shaped room. It happens P- and M-shaped, depending on the plan of the structure.

What material do stairs make?

For the construction of outdoor stairs, materials are used as:

• wood;
• a rock;
• metal;
• glass;
• ceramics.

Any material is good in its own way, has both advantages and its drawbacks.

Wooden staircase

The most popular and demanded material is a tree: oak, pine, ash, beech. It looks like a staircase on the second floor, made of several types of wood.

Advantages:

1. easy processing;
2. spectacular appearance;
3. creating an atmosphere of comfort and heat;
4. suitable for any interior;
5. high strength and durability;
6. increased resistance to external influences;
7. optimal budget choice.

Disadvantages:

• the need to update the coating and the screenshots.

Stone staircase

The design itself is made of concrete, and only then places artificial or natural stone.

Advantages:

1. very high wear resistance;
2. fire resistance;
3. hold up heavy loads.

Disadvantages:

1. the difficulty of manufacturing, assembly, installation;
2. considerable weight;
3. capturing a large space.

Metal staircase

It is a modern solution. Located in second place in demand and popularity after wooden. Metal is very well combined with other materials, such as glass, stone, wood.

Advantages:

1. durability, strength, reliability;
2. versatility;
3. peculiar design;
4. relatively low cost;
5. a short time of manufacture.

Disadvantages:

• periodic painting requires high costs of strength and time.

When choosing a location of the ladder, you need to focus on its relevance, appointment and convenience.

How to calculate the stairs to the second floor?

In order to correctly make the calculations of the stairs on the second floor you need to determine:

• height, width, protrusion steps;
• fences;
• dimensions of the site (transmarsheva);
• tilt angle.

Calculation of steps

Frequently calculated parameters depends on the convenience of lifting and descent from the floor to the floor. For this, there is a calculation formula: two heights of the stage + depth \u003d 63 (± 3) cm. Steps should be equal in height, without curvature and fades. Their ideal height - 25 (± 5) cm, depth - 28-32 cm, i.e., must fully fit the leg of an adult. The width varies in the region of 100-140 cm. With the help of the protrusions, you can remove the drawbacks of depth.

Calculation of fences

The optimal height of the fences is 91 cm (for the screw construction - 110 cm). The distance between the rods should not exceed 12 cm so that accidents do not occur. The width of the rod (BALASIN) plays a huge role in maintaining the strength and rigidity of the entire staircase.

Calculation of the international platform

The length of the site should be equal to the two steps of an adult, that is, about 140 cm. Width (without fences) - from 80 to 140 cm, depending on the allotted space. It is important to know that the width of the international platform should be equal to the width of the ladder march.

Calculation of the angle of inclination

Very important parameter for convenience and safety. Optimal will be the solution to make an angle of inclination at 28-37 degrees. The more the design of the angle of inclination, the less it takes spaces and on the contrary, but is lost comfort.

It is reasonable to approach the calculation, take into account all the locations of the doors, arches, windows and free space.

Calculation of stairs online

With the help of the online calculator, you can independently calculate the staircase. To do this, you need to apply all the parameters counted earlier in the presented fields, and the program itself will quickly make a calculation. You can adjust the entered dimensions and eventually find the most convenient option.

The construction of the stairs and the correct calculation and the measurement of all necessary values, at first glance, may seem too voluminous and impracticable. Believe me, as soon as you read more details with the basic principles of settlement, you will understand that it is not so difficult.

With the help of the necessary measuring instruments and using our advice, you will be able to find out which measurements are needed when erecting the stairs and, how to perform them correctly, to exclude confusion and reduce the risks of irreparable errors. These knowledge will help you when there is a desire or the need to calculate the number of the steps of your staircase.

So, consider the main and most important points that you should pay special attention in the calculations and measurements:

1. To begin with, let's talk about the main components of the stairs. The staircase is an alternation of sites and marches. And the main elements of the march - this is a disposal and concerns, it is they affect the magnitude of the liner's slope and its height. In this case, the distance between the upper surfaces of the two adjacent steps is considered, and their horizontal plane is called projected.

2. The size of the stairs is the distance between the lower floor covering and the floor level on the next floor, which is measured using an ordinary roulette.

3. To calculate the number of steps, it is necessary to divide the height from the first floor to the top of the second floor to the height of the riser. The optimal is considered the height from 15 cm to 17.5 cm. But, having received a fractional number as a result of division, should not be surprised and panicing. If, for example, a figure of 7.5 turned out, of course, the option of seven and a half steps does not fit. Then the total number of steps, 7 or 8 is selected at its own discretion, taking into account the overall size of the ladder.

After that, again divide the height on the number of steps and get accurate height of the riser.

For example, the height of the staircase is 290 cm, divided by 15, we get 19.3. Round up to 19 - this will be the total number of steps. Now we divide 290 to 19, we get 15.26 cm - the height of the riser of your staircase.

4. Now we calculate the width of the sticky, you should not forget about its most rational value equal to 25-30 cm. The ratio of the dimensions of the stage is calculated by the formula 2a + B \u003d H, where a is the height of the stage, B - the width of the stage, H is the average length length equal to 60 -64 cm. Thus, the width of the sticking b \u003d 60-2a.

If you take the height of the riser from the previous example, then the width of the sticking will be equal to 60-2 * 15.26. It turns out 26.42 cm., You can round up to 27 cm.

5. Calculate the total length of the stairs, for this we use the following formula: from the resulting number of steps it is necessary to subtract 1 and multiply to the width of the sticky. Consider on a specific example if the number of steps is 19, and the width of the sticking is 27 cm:

(19 - 1) x 27 \u003d 486 cm or 4, 86 m.

6. To calculate the position of the first sticky, it is necessary from the overall height of the stairs to deduct the height of the risk. The location of the second sticky is calculated by subtracting the height of the riser from the distance between the first floor to the first sticking. Continuing the calculation, mark the location and distance between all the steps in the drawing.

7. In the absence of sinks on steps, the march length is equal to the sum of the width of all steps.

8. If you are planning the presence of sinks on steps, the length of the march is calculated by the amount of the width of all steps, with a deduction of the sum of the width of the soles.

• The average narrowing thickness is 2.5 cm, it is worth considering when buying building materials.
• Check out several times all the calculations and the correctness of the markup to the cutting of any materials in order to avoid the excess costs for the purchase of new materials.
• If you choose a flashing width of 25 cm, in the calculations, take into account the ot of 2.5 cm. Determining the height of the risk, make sure that the steps will not be too short or long when lifting or descent on the stairs.

Want to build a two-storey house, but are afraid that the design and calculation of the stairs are too complex and it is impossible to do it yourself? There are several ways to calculate the design parameters. With one of the methods to make it easy and easy:

• manual;
• online programs for designing stairs;
• engineering software.

For a safe and comfortable move on the stairs, it is necessary to properly design and calculate the design parameters.

To install a safe and convenient design, we use regulatory acts and GOST RF.

What parameters are calculated when designing marches

To complete the calculation, the stairs come from existing, source sizes and values \u200b\u200bto be calculated. The source includes the height of the room and the height of up to 2 floors, the width of the staircase, the height of the railil. Calculations are subject to:

• tilt angle;
• height, width, thickness;
• march length;
• step length;
• width of the Kosuor;
• number of steps;
• the number of rotary steps when turning 90˚ or 180˚.

There are various types of stairs for a private house, for each of them the calculation is made. Marches are distinguished by material, carrying element and design. Depending on the material of the ladder, there are:

• wooden;
• metal;
• iron-concrete;
• glass.

Tilt angle

The angle of the slope should be such that it was convenient to move around the staircase. Too big slope will make movement difficult - a person needs to highly raise his leg. Too small will lead to small steps. The greater the angle, the less space occupies the design, but the more difficult it is to climb it. The optimal slope of the staircase within 30˚ - 45˚. The marches with an angle exceeding 45˚ are installed in places where the staircase is rarely used. These are folding and appropriate options.

To calculate the slope you should know the step value. The model is considered safe and convenient if the average step of the person is equal to the amount of double height and its width (sticking).

where x is the height of the stage,

y - width sticky,

z - Step width.

The size of the adult step is 60 - 64 cm, minor deviations from the indicator are allowed.

Width (depth) sticky

Before calculating the stairs to the second floor, determine the depth of the sticky. This is one of the basic quantities. The width should provide a safe position of the foot while driving. At a low magnitude, the leg will slide down, which is dangerous with a fall, with a big one - fall. In any case, walking will be uncomfortable. The optimal size of the step ranges in the range of 20 - 32 cm. When designing stairs, the subtlety uses the ability to save material. This is hanging steps above the bottom surface. For wooden stairs, the hanging is not more than 3 cm, for reinforced concrete - 5 cm.

Height steps

The width of the handrail is 10 cm is considered sufficient in order to be comfortably located on the horizontal surface, well fix the brush.

An example of calculating the stairs

For example, the calculation of the direct staircase.

The step is considered by the formula:

where x is the height of the stage,

y - width sticky,

z - Step width.

If the height of the step is 15 cm, the width of the sticking 28 cm, we get

2x 15 + 25 \u003d 58 cm.

Such a step is close to the standard, so you can set steps with such parameters. If you increase the length of sticking to a comfortable 30 cm, we get the optimal step - 60 cm.

The number of steps believe according to the formula:

where a is the length of the span

in - height of steps,

c - the number of steps.

If the initial length of the march of 2.5 m and the height of the approach 15 cm is obtained:

Round up to 17.

As a result, they obtained a staircase with a march length 2, 5m, a height of 15 cm steps, a sharp step of 30 cm and 17 steps.

Calculators for landing stairs

Calculators call the design programs for stairs, allowing themselves to calculate the parameters of the structure. All programs make calculations for similar formulas. Only the method of issuing the result and the site interface is different. To calculate the sizes, enter the source data:

• the type of stairs is straight, P-shaped, Mr., screw;
• height and length of the march;
• number of steps;
• room height;
• distance from floor to floor;
• material (wood, metal, reinforced concrete).

Part of the sites contains detailed instructions, how to install the program and how to use it. Not only calculations, but also drawings, 3D images of structures are offered to the consumer. Video design of a wooden model by reference:

In some options, the calculators are requested information about the color of the material, direction of rotation, the option of finishing coming. After entering the source data, information about the consumption of materials, drawing or 3d image of the structure. Online calculator on the link

Design

Just as for the calculation, the assistance in this issue can provide a program for designing stairs. The project takes into account:

• the material from which the design will be made;
• view - marching (straight, swivel), spiral;
• on bolts ();
• load on the march and railing;
• the size of the room (the height of the first floor, the size of the staircase at the second level, length and width of the site).

Based on data analysis, choose the type of design of the staircase march. The optimal option is the one-time staircase. It is most convenient to operate, easy to install, safe. For clarity make a drawing or sketch of design. When designing, the optimal values \u200b\u200bof the safe staircase are taken into account:

1. The minimum distance from the staircase to the ceiling should not be less than 180 cm. Otherwise, a person will get his head to the top level.
2. The minimum width of the staircase is 80 cm, otherwise it is difficult for it to break up 2 people.
3. The thickness of the boards should be within 35 - 50 mm.
4. For convenience in the march make an odd number of steps.
5. The larger the march length, the stronger must be fasteners.
6. The load on the span should not be more than 220 kg, for the rail limit 100 kg.
7. All steps, except fatal, must be of the same size (width, height).
8. The shape of the handrail must be convenient for the brush.
9. When designing a design on bolts, side beams are not taken into account. Marsh is holding on, fixed in the wall.
10. For screw stairs, the direction of movement is planned for the second floor - with turning to the left or right.
11. The width of the turntable should be the same as the march width.
12. Choose a carrier element - a theater or cosospore.

The simplest design option on. They hold the marches well. The material for the taisle is wood and metal. The pluses of the tree are simplicity in work, availability. When installing, you can not make risers that saves material. Disadvantages - Over time, wood dries, it is difficult to fix it to the floor and in the floors.

Models on the cososooras are more complex in the installation, but it looks better. The length of the direct march of the direct march is calculated by the formula:

K \u003d √ (n² + d²),

where k - the length of the cosur

H - height,

D is the length of the stairs.

Using programs for designing and calculating stairs, you can calculate the design parameters for the private house. Regardless of the type of design, the main operating conditions must be met in it - safety and comfort when moving.

Without imaging it is impossible. This design carries both a functional and decorative component. They are mounted with screw or march - no matter. The main thing is that the staircase fit into and at the same time improved the appearance, with the necessary strength characteristics. Today we will talk about the types of stair designs and will deal with how to calculate all the main dimensions. Perform the design of the online stairs will help specially designed by our team Calculators.

In addition to the organicity of the appearance in the interior, these designs need a margin of safety. Replacing or repair is a labor-intensive matter, and therefore, even at the stage, all the nuances should be thought out.

Important! Design steps are thought out so that they are comfortable. Numerous studies have proven that the retreat from standard sizes by 2-3 cm sharply reduce the convenience of movement on it.

From how correctly work on installation, the safety of residents depends on. This means that it should be sorted out as closely as possible in the nuances, understand how to calculate, determine the possible options and only after that stop the choice on one or another form.

Photo examples of various designs: Solutions of homemade masters

Design plays an important role in. You should consider everything to the smallest detail. To do this, we suggest familiarizing yourself with some examples that will help make a right decision. For some samples will become an impetus, which will help create an original masterpiece, others will take a ready-made solution for an example.

Surprisingly, isn't it? At first glance, it seems, without a professional designer, it is not necessary to do without a professional designer, but if you dig deeper, it becomes clear that to create such masterpieces under the power of homemaster without special education. Only imagination and courage to the incarnation of the most outstanding ideas are necessary. But come up with an original design - only half. It is necessary to study some specifications that must have. About them and talk.

Article on the topic:

In the article, we will look at what are the designs, what are the advantages of a metal frame, how to correctly light straight and screw stairs, as well as the recommendations of the specialists who need to be considered when installing.

Technical parameters: The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs and the dimensions of the steps

The type of design is selected depending on the placement area. So, if the free space for mounting has dimensions of 1.5 × 1.5 m or more, then set the marching staircase. If you need to place a compact construction, the screw version is suitable.

It's important to know! The screw version is gentle by fit into any interior, but has one disadvantage - the impossibility of moving large-sized furniture and things. This is also taken into account when the design is erected.

Convenient for walking is the slope of the structure 25 ÷ 33 °, but it is not always possible due to the small space. The limit is an inclination angle of 45 °. With a smaller slope, the ramp is mounted, and with the larger use of the withdrawal or even wall stairs. On the sizes of the steps themselves: according to research, the optimal size of 28 ÷ 30 cm in width and 16 ÷ 18 cm in height. These are not empty numbers for example. This size is convenient for the movement of an adult.

When calculating the stairs, the ladder is taken into account that the march width must be greater than a meter. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to move. The exceptions make up the screw structures in the rooms where there is not enough space for a full-fledged span. Do not forget about. They are required at the height of the staircase three or more steps.

The varieties of such structures are enough. We note the main ones:

• direct spans;
• two-hours;
• three-page;
• screw;
• constructions on assets;
• with running steps (rotation of 90 ° or 180 °).

We will return to the varieties of designs later. It is worth devoting a separate section of today's article. But the materials from which they are manufactured, it is worth considering immediately.

Determination of the main technical parameters of the stairs

Such structures are manufactured not only from or metal. Often used stone, glass or concrete. However, combined variants, including several materials, were most widely distributed.

Helpful information! Stone or concrete are not suitable for wooden houses due to greater weight. But wooden, metal or glass structures, and especially combined, will be likewise. Such designs can decorate any interior.

Only imagination is served by restriction in the design of a staircase march. Bold ideas give astounding results, although fanaticism has nothing to do. As the ladder is made, new ideas can be born that will add uniquely finished products. Speed \u200b\u200bhere rather harms, overlapping a certain framework. The home master, I myself unaware, can stick to the line created previously design.

To create a drawing, you can refer to stairs, which are now quite a few on the Internet. However, the most important is the calculation of the sizes of the stairs of the stairs and its steepness. And for this you should consider various options.

Calculation of a wooden staircase: some nuances of computing

If you produce all the calculations yourself, the dependence of the length of the horizontal projection of the staircase from the height and angle of tilt can be designated by the formula:

D \u003d H / TG \u200b\u200bα where

• D. - the length of the horizontal projection;
• H. - height;
• α - tilt angle.

However, there is no need to calculate the values \u200b\u200bmanually. This can lead to an error that can be critical when erecting a design. We offer to use the online calculator, which has already made all the necessary formulas. The staircase calculation program will exclude the human factor and will save from the errors.

Getting Started to solve the task, how to calculate the staircase to the second floor, it is important to determine its purpose and location. This will allow you to choose the most comfortable design. The presence of free space is taken into account. If its parameters are more than 160x160 cm, it is recommended to choose a marching structure. With insufficient parameters, a screw device is set.

Size steps

• Width sticking 20 - 30 cm.
• The size of the riser is 16 - 22 cm.
• Defining these indicators is made using the formula:

2 a.+ b.\u003d 60 - 64 cm,

a. - size of the vertical part of the stage.

b. - horizontal width of the sticking.

60 - 64 cm - This is the average length of the human step. It is used to solve the problem, how to calculate the ladder on the second floor.

• To increase the width of the stage or its strength, it is created in relation to the lower element. The average adhesion is 4 cm. The formation of a small protrusion contributes to a spectacular and easy execution.

Tilt angle

I solve how to calculate the size of the stairs to the second floor, you should know that the optimal slope is equal to 30 - 38 grams. The slope is less than 23 grams. Replace ramp. Construction with an angle of 45 gr. And more serves to place an appropriate or folding structure.

Design width

To move one person, the march width will be 80 cm, and for the movement of 2 people - from 100 cm. The placement of two parallel sites is made with a gap between two marches of 4 cm.

To place running steps, it is important to remember that the average march line should be at least 20 cm, and on the segment 15 cm from a narrow part - at least 10 cm. The opposite side corresponds to the size of 40 cm in the width of the sticky.

Thinking on the issue of how to calculate the wooden staircase to the second floor, the depth of the product is taken into account, which in the middle line march is the same for all steps. Its definition is performed using an imaginary line passing through the center of the steps.

The calculation of the parameters of the passenger platform is carried out taking into account that the length of the site located between the two marches corresponds to the two middle steps of an adult, and this is 130 - 140 cm. The site width should not be less than the finishing width of the marches adjacent to it.

Fences

Parameters of the opening

The installation of screw and direct products is made taking into account the possibility of free movement of a person with an increase of 180 cm. The exclusion of discomfort is formed in the presence of a free period of 200 cm.

Graphic calculation

• In order to correctly deal with the topic, how to calculate the ladder to the second floor, you need to find out the height from the first floor to the uppermost overlap.
• The building is applied in the drawing, the parameters indicate on the site of the staircase. You can calculate an angle using a vertical projection.
• There is a rectangular triangle, where the height of the room and the angle of inclination is provided. There is a lack of area, very close placement to the door or window. Initially, the projection of the length on the area and the height of the structure is postponed, the angle formed is measured.

Attention! If the angle is 40 gr., You should consider how to calculate the rotary staircase to the second floor.

Geometric method

Its implementation is carried out using the Pythagorean theorem. Where, the side of the rectangular triangle A is the height of the structure, the side in the projection of the length on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, C is the length of the staircase (hypotenuse). Point A is placed at the intersection of C and B, the C marker is noted at the intersection of B and a. Marker in - at the intersection of C and a.

Provided that there is a parameter of the height and angle of inclination, then the solution of the problem is as follows: C \u003d a / sin (a). You can find the value using the sinus table.

If the height and projection of length are known, the definition of the value is made by the Pythagora theorem:

c \u003d SQRT (A * A + B * B),

sQRT. - Square root.

To determine the convenient parameters of the design, the angle of inclination is calculated:

tG (A) \u003d A / B.

To determine the angle, the Tangent table applies. Corner over 40 gr. It is the reason for selecting other facilities.

Extra options

1. Correctly calculate the screw staircase to the second floor it is possible by properly transition of steps. The minimum width size is 10 cm. Big face - up to 40 cm.
2. The arrangement of staircase marches with parameters of more than 3-steps, requires the installation of the rail. If window openings approach march, they are protected.
3. When children live in the house, the lumens between vertical racks railing are 10 cm.
4. The load on the staircases is 180-220 kg. The railings must withstand close 100 kg.
5. Regarding the height of the steps, the maximum allowable deflection limit is 5 mm.
6. Between the walls and march, the distance is more than 50 - 60 mm.
7. For the manufacture of curvilinear plants, the radius of the line curve in the center of the structure should be 30 cm.
8. The level of the last step usually corresponds to the level of floor covering the second floor.

Designing the stairs with a turn, with a platform, a screw device, etc. Products in its geometry are a form of a rectangular triangle, where one of the cathets appears as a base. The second vertical catat determines the height of the floor. And the hypotenuse is the line of the staircase itself. A convenient option is considered a product where the angle of inclination in relation to the basis (horizontal categories) is located in the limit 30 - 40 grams. Step height - 165 - 190 mm. Apartment is 240 - 280 mm.

In the presence of a given height of the floor and the desired angle of inclination, you can find out the length of the foundation of the structure and check whether it fits into a given room. If the house creates a design with a turn, for example, 90 grams. Or 180 gr., Cut from paper on scale a rectangular triangular figure.

A triangle is supplied to the base (horizontal cathelet) and the layout is bent at a specified number of times or at a given angle. The hypotenuse will display the line of the staircase on its center. When changing the place of bending layout (turning of the stairs), you can ideally enter the installation in the building.

In the presence of an intermediate platform, two triangular figures with a direct angle formed in the geometry: to the site and from the topmost surface site. When changing the depth of the site and its installation in height, the most optimal solution is selected.

If you roll the triangular layout into the tube, you can get a model of a screw staircase.

Attention! The staircase in the plan may be a M-line or p-shaped form.

With equal settings of the structure (the number of steps, depth and width of the steps), the sum of the sides of the external contour of the perimeter is equal.

Changing the length of one of the parties causes a change in the length of the other side. After the product configuration is selected, the parameters of the opening are determined on the uppermost overlap.

The staircase in the plan can not fully fit into the opening. Then, the first steps of the facilities are located under the ceiling. This indicates a comfortable distance from these steps to the ceiling surface of 210 cm.

Installation of the product, inscribed in the opening, makes it properly pick up the thickness of the overlap and the choice of facing. Sometimes it happens that the change of opening is impossible. Then it helps to determine the configuration and parameters responsible for comfortable movement along the steps. The change of design, type, producer, materials, but not the geometry of the triangle is relevant.

The following aspect is the definition of materials for the construction of walls. Any buildings are created using supports. In addition to the main points of the supports: to the floor or overlap, for the distribution of loads, auxiliary supports will be required (except for monolithic marches).

To create a light installation, you can make a mount into the wall. Creating a staircase at the parodes is ensured by the presence of walls from properly selected materials of a given thickness.