During complete redevelopment, many are thinking about increasing space. Studio apartment enjoy great popularity. To create this option of the apartment, it is required to carry the desired part of the wall and combine two rooms. In the main kitchen and hall. An alternative can perform a doorway made in the wall. What is in principle used for a similar type of walls and at home.

But carrying the plan can prevent the plan, which, as you know, have a sustainability function for residential premises. Is it possible to realize the idea? How to make redevelopment so as not to suffer a house?

Naturally, demolished the bearing wall is completely strictly prohibited. This will confirm any specialist in the construction industry. But there are cases when the openings lead to cracks and other troubles.

Important negotiation nuances that need to be considered when demolishing the carrier wall:

1. The demolition is carried out only if the residential premises is located on the upper floors of the high-rise building. For the first floors, it is categorically prohibited. If there is a huge desire to make redevelopment, then before the process should be consulted with a specialist.
2. The size of the opening is desirable small. Approximately one meter. There is a possibility that everything will pass safely and no one will suffer. It is worth reconsider the desire to demolish the whole wall. Especially carrier.
3. Before repairing work, go to neighbors from above and below. It is necessary in order to understand the placement of the opening and whether to do it at all. After all, they must be located under each other for general security.
4. After the approval of a specialist for work, it is worthwhile to coordinate this issue with higher authorities. In the case of a ban on repair work, you do not have the right to do what thought. Otherwise, a penalty is imposed on the tenant and remakes will be removed to the initial stage. And this is extra costs and just an unpleasant situation.

Knowing all moments associated with carriage walls, the choice is behind you: you should implement an idea or not. An important part is to consult a builder and coordination of the resolution of repair work.

Walls are different. Therefore, when rewriting, you need to know in advance what you can do with them, and what is not. What is a bearing wall, brick, concrete, etc. About this below in the article.

The topic of openings when redeveloping apartments is relevant for capital or current repairs. Improve household conditions or adjust the apartment space - the desire of each owner. For example, apartments - studios are directly connected with the organization of new doorways and disassembling partitions.

Carrier Wall: Definition

In order to understand what walls are allowed to disassemble, and which are only suitable for punching new door or window openings, you need to know the definition - what is a "carrier wall". If you ask such a question to a professional builder, then it will explain this complex concept with two words that these walls supporting the slabs of overlapping and or attic coating. The word "carriers" in the literal sense reflect the main function - carry a load from the superior wall and slab elements. In some cases, this role is partially performed by beams and separate columns.

The main function of the bearing walls is to create and preserve the integrity of the building design.

If it is incorrect to redevelop and break through the arch in the bearing wall without work on ensuring the unified integrity of the building, it is fraught with big problems - deformation cracks are beginning to open in the bearing structures, or overlapping.

To competently rebuild the apartment you need to know:

The device carrier brick and concrete wall

Before deciding on the arrangement of the opening in the bearing walls, it is recommended to familiarize themselves with the technology of the construction of the main types of bearing walls,

Brick bears

Popular building material - a brick durable and durable, is considered the most popular type of materials in the construction of buildings and structures. With the construction of carriers of brick walls, their features, which take into account the punching of new openings:

1. Brick masonry of external and inner walls intended for perceiving the load of higher elements and structures is made only from full-scale brick. More often for these purposes, a ceramic or silicate brick is used: a single size of 250 x 120 x 65 mm or a half-liter 250 x120 x 88 mm.
2. The thickness of the outer walls is multiple the size of the brick and is 1.5, 2, 2.5 the lengths of the brick element, which corresponds to the thickness of 380 mm, 510 or 680 mm. Internal thickness - can not be less than 250 mm.
3. Stacked with rows with mandatory dressing of seams. A cement-sandy brand is used as a binder material not lower than 25.
4. Each fifth row of brick masonry is enhanced by a reinforced masonry mesh made of cold-trailed wire BP -1 with a diameter of f * 5 mm.
5. There are several laying schemes of carrier outer walls.

Operactions in the brickwork of walls under load are machined with a carrier reinforced concrete jumper, which perceives the load from the weight of the overlying brickwork.

The size and cross-section of the reinforced concrete design of the jumper is selected as a result of the calculation at the preparation of the construction project.

Concrete

The building with monolithic concrete walls belongs to the category of the most durable buildings that can withstand soil oscillations with a small amplitude.

A few decades ago, monolithic construction was used to build serious industrial facilities and for multi-storey construction.

With the development of the technology of monolithic house-building and the application of an affordable collection - panel formwork, concrete walls began to practice for private country construction.

1. Initially, a special removable formwork is installed, which is necessary for making the contour of the wall with a clear geometric shape. The role of formworks use metal sheets with a thickness of 2-5 mm, wooden shields from the board and bars. Recently, moisture-resistant phaneur, OSB plates or rigid polystyrene foam plates are used to fill the concrete.
2. In the installed formwork, the steel core is placed, as a spatial reinforcement frame. In the steel "skeleton" of the concrete wall for the reception of basic efforts the carrier work fittings is responsible. For these purposes, reinforcement steel bars with a diameter of 10-16 mm with a corrugated surface are used.
3. For the stiffness of the reinforcement frame and the distribution of additional efforts, reinforcement rods with a diameter of 6-18 mm are used. The reinforcement frame is flat meshes with a cell of 100-200 mm, connected by distribution reinforcement, into a rigid spatial design.
4. After the reinforcement frame is installed and fixed in a removable formwork, it comes a turning turn with a concrete mixture consisting of cement, sand and granite rubble or gravel. For filling of bearing walls, concrete brand is not lower than class 200.

After the concrete mixture is frozen, the formwork is neatly disassembled and transferred to the further construction site. The walls of concrete walls depends on the calculated temperature indicators of the outer air.

The outer bearing walls are performed with a thickness of 350-450 mm, and the internal allowed to perform with a thickness of 250 mm.

Can I do the opening in the bearing wall

The problem of arrangement of the new opening in the bearing walls is worried about the owners of apartments and private households. It is impossible to give an unequivocal answer to this question without taking into account the combination of factors affecting the solution of this task:

1. It is necessary to know the type of building material used to erect the bearing walls.
2. Housing planning project.
3. The ratio of the desired size of the new opening and the dimensions of the carrier wall.
4. The technical condition of the building and interchaltering or attic coating.
5. Conduct a technical assessment of loads on the carrier wall.
6. The condition of the bearing wall and its thickness.

Permission or prohibition of the opening device in supporting structures is made by special housing services on the basis of engineering technical calculations that take into account all the above factors.

Resolution and Redevelopment: Nuances

In order to technically correctly and competently carry out housing or perform a breakdown of opening in the bearing walls, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the intricacies and nuances of the process:

1. Contact BTI with a written statement about the desired constructive change in the project of an apartment or at home.
2. Employees of this service in place are assessed by the technical opportunity to adjust the apartment space or residential building.
3. The result of the estimation will be permission or prohibition of redevelopment or arrangement of the opening of the bearing walls.
4. Having received permits, further to the design organization, which has licenses for the development of design decisions on redevelopment. Architects will develop a solution suitable for each specific case, in full compliance with the technical standards and regulations.

Unfortunately, the process of coordination and preparation of the project decision can stretch for 2-3 months. Therefore, it is recommended to submit documents in advance, to obtain a permit for work on breaking the opening.

How to do the opening in the bearing wall

The project documentation contains a detailed description of the technology of punching opening in the bearing walls:

1. Recommendations are given on the organization and conduct of the work on the breakdown of the outlook itself.
2. Technological sequence of work. In a multi-storey residential building, the use of drum tools such as a perforator or a jackhammer is limited, therefore the laser slit of carrier structures is the fastest and least safe view of the work.
3. After the proceeding of the opening, and sometimes at the same time, the wall enhanced with metal structures or clips.

How to cut in a panel house

Punching of the opening in a panel house in which almost all walls bearing leads to a decrease in design indicators of structures.

Therefore, technical measures are committed to compensation for lost bearing capacity. To do this, the design includes additional unloading or fixing metal elements:

1. Steel rolled welded frames, fixed with metal fittings from reinforcement steel.
2. The box of a box-type, consisting of challers cooked between sobody and framing the newly formed opening.
3. For large openings, steel robes and metal connections.

In all cases it is important to remember that for the correct distribution of the load on the floor overlap plate in the floor area, it is necessary to weld rectangular or square metal plates from the sheet metal to the support frame or chapellers.

Doorway in the bearing wall of a brick house

The device of the opening in brick bearing wall structures is not subject to such strict requirements as to the panel houses. To perceive the loading efforts of the upper floors or floor slabs, a prefabricated metal jumper is used, consisting of two metal chalsels, pulled by hairpins with nuts.

Sequence of work:

1. At the desired height of the future, the opening is cut off, equal to the length of the metal jumper. The minimum layout length of the jumper on the wall is at least 150-200 mm. This indicator is necessarily taken into account when preparing an element of the content.
2. The section and size of the channels is determined by calculation. For these purposes, steel rental No. 10.16 and less often 18.
3. After installing the channel in the furrow of the brick wall, on the one hand, the voids formed by cement-sandy solution are fill. After complete drying, they begin breaking the furrows on the other side and the installation of the second channel.
4. The installed channels are tightened with hairpins with nuts.

In order to protect the metal structures of jumper from corrosion, the steel surface is recommended to paint primer and paint for metal.

How to make a private house in a concrete wall

With the development of monolithic construction technologies, the concrete mix is \u200b\u200boften used to build private houses and country buildings. Sometimes there are situations when it is necessary to open in the carrier wall of a private house. For the reorganization of the housespace or to organize a new entrance to the attached part of the house. In a private house, punching the opening in concrete carrier walls is performed as a high-rise building. The only difference lies in the fact that the bearing walls do not experience such loads as high-rise buildings. Therefore, to enhance concrete walls, which partially lost part of the strength, after punching the openings in them, use metal rolls of a small cross section.

For example, for the device of the arched opening in the body of the carrier concrete wall, channel number 10 or a corner 100 is used. This constructive differences are completed. Metal rolls are combined with studs or reinforcement rods.

How to make in a monolithic house

The main feature of monolithic reinforced concrete slabs is available in them steel reinforcing frame. This nuance is important to take into account when applying openings in a monolithic house. And except for cutting a wall concrete massif, you will have to face the problem of cutting reinforcing rods. Works are carried out in the following order:

1. In order not to damage expensive cutting discs with diamond spraying, it is recommended to determine the location of the reinforcement grid "hidden" in the body of the concrete wall. To do this, use a metal detector and the location of the reinforcement marker.
2. Through through holes are drilled at a distance of 200-300 mm from the armature location marker.
3. With the help of the Bulgarian saw saw saw in the upper part of the opening part of the concrete located between the drilled holes.
4. At the next step, a perforator or a jackhammer is used and knock the upper part of the opening.
5. The visible part of the reinforcement is cut and passed to the next site.

After punching the opening, the concrete wall is strengthened with a semi-welded or metal frame, installed directly to the new opening.

Who can perform work on cutting opening in the bearing walls

Works on the organization of new openings in the bearing walls are considered technically difficult. Therefore, it is better to entrust the fulfillment of this task to specialists who experience work in this area. After all, in addition to dismantling work, it is necessary to increase the wall with metal structures and only experienced welders will be performed this important part of the work. In addition, the popular diamond cutting of openings only specially trained workers make.

No need to forget about the problem of removable of a dismantled brick or concrete from apartments located on the upper floors of multi-storey houses.

Responsibility for inconsistent openings in the bearing walls

An independent device of opening in the bearing walls without obtaining permits can lead to unpleasant consequences:

1. The loss of the bearing ability of walls and overlaps, which can cause irreversible deformations of the whole building, up to collapse.
2. In an apartment building, an attempt to pierce the opening in the carrier wall will notice neighbors who will turn into a management housing company or the WEK on the safety and legality of such work. And if it turns out that there is no permission to break the openings, the owner of the housing will be fine, and will oblige to restore the integrity of the carrier wall.
3. To restore the bearing ability, it is not enough to lay the knocked out of the opening with brick or other material. With these methods it is impossible to restore the carrier wall. We will have to seek help in the design organization to obtain a technical solution to restore the bearing abilities of walls.

If the owner refuses the payment of the fine and bookmarks of the escaped opening, the case is transmitted to the court, where they can make the decision right down to eviction from the apartment being occupied.

By deciding on the device of a new opening in existing carrier walls, it is obligatory to contact the specialists and obtain permits for these works. The embodiment of risky design solutions affecting the carrying ability of the whole building without an accurate engineering calculation can lead to sad and destructive consequences.

Useful video

Decide on redevelopment. This method will allow rational to use the territory of its apartment. However, often redevelopment affects the bearing walls. How to be in such a situation? Is it possible to demolish the bearing wall? Or, can I do the opening in the bearing wall? We will consider the features of the bearing walls, as well as cases when they can be made in them.

Does the demolition of the carrier wall allow?

The stability of the house is achieved due to the presence of bearing walls, which are made of heavy-duty material. If one of the walls to remove, the strength of the whole design will be at risk. Due to the demolition of the walls will be violated engineering calculations. Conclusion: remove the carrier wall is completely impossible, it is fraught with great trouble. It is quite another thing - the manufacture of opening in the bearing wall. In some circumstances it is allowed. But for this it will be necessary to pre-align the issue of redevelopment with the relevant authorities, carefully produce calculations.

Features of bearing walls

The thing is that the bearing wall is exposed to large loads. Therefore, because it will be strong, it depends on the basis of the entire home.

Not in all cases you can get a permit for the manufacture of the opening in the bearing wall! This is due to the fact that the design of houses in all cases may be different. It is especially problematic to get such permission if you live on the first or second floor. In these places, the walls are experiencing a special burden.

Some occupy the wrong position in this matter. They make opening in the wall, and then in fact they turn to the authorities that they, they say, did not know or forget to appeal. But such people should be aware of the following. According to the latest rulings, the unauthorized production of the opening in the bearing wall may entail large fines, and in the worst case of deprivation of rights to accommodation in this apartment. But this is the maximum that you can run away. At a minimum, in this case, it will be forced to restore the wall. Even if you managed to hide the redevelopment fact, sooner or later they will find out about it.

If you live in a brick house, then get a permit for the manufacture of the opening in the bearing wall is easier.

So, to get the cherished permission, you will need to collect the following documentation:

1. Apartment Floor Plan.
2. Sketch of redevelopment.
3. Certificate of ownership of the apartment.
4. Filling out an application in a strictly mounted form.

If you still received permission, you can proceed to work.

Methods of manufacturing opening and necessary tools

As for the manufacture of the opening, many will think about the jackhammer. But such a representation is erroneous. Although this method is tested by time, it is not effective in all cases. Moreover, the use of a jackhammer for the manufacture of opening in the bearing wall has a number of shortcomings:

1. There is a large number of microcracks.
2. The wall integrity is disturbed, especially if it is from brick.
3. The manufactured opening must be additionally processed, which will entail additional costs.
4. In the process of work there is a lot of noise and dust (you can't do it in any way).
5. Many walls have metal reinforcement, which makes it difficult.

Today there are a number of modern technologies that allow you to quickly and with minimal labor costs to make the opening in the bearing wall.

• Using cable equipment. In this case, special sleeves and rope are used to which artificial diamonds are installed. This method is effective for the reason that during its use, dust is not formed, vibration, noise.
• Diamond drilling. Special drills with diamond spraying are used here. They can drill smooth holes throughout the outlook loop. Accordingly, this method will save your expenses on the subsequent processing of the walls. The use of diamond drilling allows you to maintain the integrity of the wall of both brick and reinforced concrete.
• Diamond spray saws. The most optimal way, if you want to find the best option of manufacturing opening in the bearing wall. There are two cutting methods: stationary and manual. The choice will depend on the size of the opening and the required quality.

Breaking not to build!

First, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory processes. The jumper is pre-made, which will take over the entire main load from the above array of the wall. This element is very important: the safety of the entire structure and yours will be dependent on its strength and yours, respectively. In this case, it is necessary to consider the following:

• wall thickness,
• wall size ratio and opening
• the technical condition of the wall,
• material from which walls are made,
• distance to adjacent walls and ceiling,
• location of the slab overlap,
• number of floors above your apartment.

In the case when the opening is made in a large wall, the slabs of the overlapping should be preloaded. For example, the backups can be made of pipes or logs.

As for the material for the jumper, the ideal version will be steel. It is the most reliable and strong material for this purpose. As a rule, you can purchase a channel that is connected by bolts from two sides or a height. If you choose to install a chapellor, then the M20 bolts are suitable for its compound. The distance between them should be half meter. The length of the jumper should be sufficient so that it does not turn under large loads.

Now proceed to the manufacture of opening. For starters, plaster from the wall is removed. To do this, you can pre-draw the outline of the opening chalk. Then it is extruded to mount the jumper. These shoes make on both sides. Next, it is necessary to drill holes for attaching jumpers with bolts. These niches should be well cleaned so that they can easily install a channel. Dust should be eliminated, moocked with water with water.

After the manufacture of strokes, prepare a cement mortar from the M500 grade cement. The solution should be dense and thick. It should be put in the manufactured stroke, and after, install a channel and pull it with bolts. Now the whole design should be thoroughly frozen.

In the process of work can form emptiness. How to eliminate them? To do this, you can take small pieces of block / bricks, which are installed on the same solution.

Bolt connections should be required to have washers!

After that, you can proceed directly to the punching of the opening. In this case, any of the above methods can be used. It should be noted that the breakdown of the opening must be performed gradually. Think out how you will eliminate the resulting garbage and what size should be waste.

After the manufacture of the opening, the breakdown should be carried out. In some cases, it is possible to make a strengthening of the structure, especially if the opening has a greater thickness. For this, a metal corner is mounted in the corners, which can be welded to the jumper. These corners are also welded with metal plates. It remains to simply shut down the slopes and begin the finish finish.

There is another method of manufacturing jumpers from reinforced concrete beam. In its strength, it is not inferior to the technology described above. To install it to pre-make through the opening of the reinforced concrete beam. It, in turn, is placed on cement mortar. You can pierce the opening only when cement with beam grabbed. The subsequent process is similar to the above.

If you want to use non-standard interior design solutions. When redeveloped, you can make arched opening in the bearing wall. But in this case it will be necessary to make a special design. For the manufacture of this opening, it will be necessary to pre-prepare a profile or other material, which will exactly repeat the outline of the opening. Fastening is carried out by the same principle. The only difference lies in the fact that the design as a beam should be copped with bolts not only among themselves, but also with the wall.

Before punching the opening in the bearing wall, weigh everything in and against. Remember that it is pre-obtaining the appropriate permission.

Video

Detailed instructions for the manufacture of opening in the bearing wall:

Many homeowners, planning a solid apartment repairs, are solved on redevelopment, equipping the opening in the bearing wall. Such a need may arise, accepting you to increase the size of the bathroom, combine the kitchen with the living room or turn an apartment to the studio. For residents of panel high-rise buildings, the opening of the openings in the bearing walls is not only a problem only from the point of view of attractive design. Redevelopment will require a competent technical approach, coordination with communal services, obtaining permits and compliance with hole punching technology. In this article, we will look at how to produce and legitimize the opening in the bearing wall.

The carrier is a wall that supports overlaps. The design of the panel house involves the presence of such blocks as vertical plates support. Such dismantling without the installation of supporting mechanisms, the plates are cracked on top, as a result of which the floor and walls of the apartment will go cracks. If it does not eliminate the problem on time, the building can collapse.

As you can see, capital walls are an extremely important element in the structure of the whole house. It is possible to determine their location by such a housing plan, which is listed in the serviceport. You can get acquainted with the scheme at the technical inventory bureau or in the HSEK. On the apartment scheme, the main partitions will be highlighted with thick lines.

If you have not received access to the necessary documents, you can try to determine this wall yourself. Pay attention to the thickness - as a rule, carrier plates are wider. Almost all carrier blocks are located at the junction of apartments and at the junction of the apartment and the staircase.

If you are not sure about the capital, this wall or ordinary, remember: the expansion of the opening in the bearing wall will require special permission, and experts from the heading, which will issue it, will give an explanation on this issue.

Whether the opening is allowed

Make opening in in many cases. Often the owners of apartments to hear the refusal. The causes of the solution are several:

1. Outdated carrier structures of the whole building. The fact is that every home has its age, and if your age exceeds 20 years, and the overhaul has not been produced never, then make the opening in the bearing wall of the house are fraught with negative consequences.
2. The door in the bearing wall floor is higher, below will make it impossible to redevelop your apartment. It is important to pay attention to the location of such holes - they should not be exactly over the other.
3. Another reason for the failure is the number of apartments. The first and second floor apartments are the maximum pressure, therefore it is likely to obtain permission to cut holes minimal.
4. The presence of construction defects. In homes, dealt with violations of construction technology, there are discrepancies between interpanel seams, the slots between overlaps and blocks and other defects. In such cases, you will receive either categorical refusal, or the requirements of the additional enhancement of the wall.
5. Material wall house. In the houses with brick walls, get permission to break the hole lighter than in panel or monolithic buildings.

Remember: Before you begin to redecessing, you need to coordinate the opening in the bearing wall.

A number of documents and references will be required, but it is better to get them immediately than to experience anxiety after. Housing inspection When identifying inconsistent redevelopment, it has the full right to write you a fine of 3 thousand rubles. The fine is small, but besides him, you will all equal to get permission. If, according to the results of the check, the cut out doors in the bearing wall will be with violations, you will be enclosed to lay a hole, with the result that all your repair work will be meaningless.

An apartment where there are impersonal changes, it is impossible to sell officially.

Is it possible to demolish whole

The demolition of the capital partition is definitely not possible and not one specialist will not give permission for this. A complete dismantling of the carrying structures is fraught with the collapse of the ceiling plates.

What you need

To arrange the opening, you are required:

• project documents. Under this point implies a restructuring plan made by the designer engineer. To make a rework plan, you need to contact the Institute of Design. An even more successful option will be the appeal to the design department of the same construction company, which was engaged in the construction of the house. After the engineer has determined whether the reorganization of housing is possible and in what form, it will make a final plan and give a package of project documents (resolution on the bearing ability of walls and overlap, floor plan, where places for demolition and construction of partitions will be noted, determination of structural elements, affecting the way of strengthening the opening);
• statement. The application is written in the hill scope of you personally on a special form;
• documents confirming the ownership of the apartment. Types of documents will be divided depending on the form of housing (privatization, by inheritance, by court decision, and so on). In any case, with you should be a copy of the certificate of ownership of housing, certified in the BTI of the city;
• technical conclusion on the state of the building and the possibility of arming (issued in the Design Institute);
• resolutions for redevelopment from the owners of the apartment and owners of neighboring premises (in writing);
• a contract with a contractor who has a SRO tolerance. Since the partial dismantling of the supporting design refers to the works that are not conducted by the tenants independently, in consequence, to confirm the completion of the redevelopment, it is necessary to make a SRO tolerance that your contractor should have. Without admission, you will not receive an act on the completion of construction, therefore it is better not to save on the contractor's company.

As a result of obtaining all resolutions from the hillside, the owner is issued a journal of the work of work in which it is necessary to record all stages of repair. Just fixing the work of work, it is necessary to be honest and in detail, since deviations and inaccuracies in the journal are a reason for refusing to issue the owner of the act on the end of construction work.

As for the technology itself, it will depend on the type of opening - rectangular, arched. In any case, punching the hole is not recommended. It should be cut, which is made an unstressed tool - diamond circle. Cutting such a tool can be carried out in a stationary and manual way, depending on the material and volumes of work. As a result, the cutting is formed less dust and the hole does not need additional processing.