Many people believe that the process of melting metal requires huge structures, practically factories with a large number of personnel. But after all, there is another profession as a jeweler and metals such as gold, silver, platinum and others used for the manufacture of openwork and sophisticated jewelry, some of which are rightfully considered real works of art. Jewelry workshop - an enterprise, not tolerant excessive scale. And the melting process is simply necessary in them. Therefore, the induction furnace for melting metal is needed here. She is not big, and very effective, and easy to handle.

The principle of the induction furnace is a wonderful example, as an undesirable phenomenon is used with increased efficiency. The so-called vortex induction currents of Foucault, which usually interfere in any form of electrical engineering, here are directed only to a positive result.

In order for the metal structure to heat up, and then melt, it must be placed under these very currents of Foucault, and they are formed in an induction coil than by and large and is the oven.

Simply put, everyone knows that during operation, any electrical device begins to heat up. The induction furnace for melting metal uses this unwanted effect on complete power in other cases.

Advantages over other types of smelting furnaces

Induction furnaces are not the only invention used for melting metals. There are still famous Marten, Doms and other species. However, the furnace under consideration has a number of undeniable advantages over all other remaining.

• Furnaces operating on the principle of induction can be quite compact, and their placement will not deliver any difficulties.
• High speed smelting. If other furnaces for metal smelting require several hours only for heating, induction copes with this several times faster.
• The efficiency of useful only does not reach the mark of 100%.
• Cleaning the melt induction oven confidently takes first place. In other devices, the workpiece prepared to the melt is directly in contact with the heating element, which often leads to contamination. Toki Foucault heat the workpiece from the inside, acting on the molecular structure of the metal, and side elements do not fall into it.

The latter advantage is simply necessary in jewelry, where the material frequency increases its value and uniqueness.

Placement of the furnace

Compact induction furnace, depending on the size can be outdoor and desktop. Whatever the option you choose, there are several basic rules to choose a place where to put it.

• With all the simplicity of furnaces with the furnace is still an electrical device that requires compliance with security measures. And the first thing to be considered when installing is the presence of a correct power source corresponding to the model of the device.
• Ability to spend high-quality grounding.
• Ensuring installation of water supply.
• For desktop furnaces requires a steady base.
• But most importantly, during work, nothing should interfere. If even the melt volume and mass is not too big, its temperature is more than 1000 degrees and accidentally throw it out of the form, it means that it is a very strong injury or yourself or what is near.

There should be no flammable and even more hazardous materials near the working induction furnace. But the fire shield in step accessibility is absolutely necessary.

Types of induction furnaces

Two types of induction furnaces are widely used: channel and crucible. They differ only by the method of working with them. In the rest, including advantages, such smelting furnaces are very similar. Consider each option individually:

• Channel oven. The main advantage of this type is a continuous cycle. Download a new portion of raw materials and unload the molten metal can be downloaded directly during heating. The only difficulty may occur at startup. The channel by which the liquid metal will be output from the furnace must be filled.
• Cegal oven. Unlike the first option, each portion of the metal will have to upload separately. In this sense. The heat-resistant crucible is placed raw materials and put inside the inductor. After the metal is melted, it is drained from the crucible and only then load the next portion. Such a furnace is ideal for small workshops, where the large masses of molten raw materials are not required.

The main advantage of both options in the speed of production. However, the crucible oven wins here. In addition, it is quite possible to make it yourself in practically home.

The homemade induction oven does not pay any difficulties in themselves so that it is not able to collect an ordinary person, at least a little familiar with electrical engineering. She has only three main blocks:

• Generator.
• Inductor.
• Crucible.

Inductor is a copper winding that can be made alone. The crucible will have to look for either in the appropriate stores, or to get in other ways. And as a generator can be used: a welding inverter, a personally assembled transistor or lamp circuit.

Induction furnace on a welding inverter

The easiest and most widespread option. Efforts will have to spend only on the facilities of the inductor. A copper thin-walled tube is taken 8-10 cm in diameter, and bends along the desired pattern. The turns should be located at a distance of 5-8 mm, and their number depends on the characteristics and diameter of the inverter. The inductor is fixed in a textolite or graphite case, and a crucible is placed inside the installation.

Induction oven on transistors

In this case, you will have to work not only with your hands, but also your head. And run on shops in search of the necessary spare parts. After all, they will need transistors of different capacities, a couple of diodes, resistors, film capacitors, two different copper wires and a couple of rings from chokes.

• Before assembly, it is necessary to take into account that the scheme obtained in the end during operation will be very hot. Therefore, it is necessary to use quite large radiators.
• Capacitors are collected in parallel in the battery.
• Copper wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm is wedged into throttle rings. Depending on the power, turns should be from 7 to 15.
• On the cylindrical item, suitable in diameter to the sizes of crucible, wateted 7-8 with a copper wire with a diameter of 2 mm. Wire ends are left long enough to connect.
• According to a special scheme, everything is mounted on the fee.
• The power supply can be a 12-volt battery.
• If necessary, you can make a textolite or graphite case.
• The device's power is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the turns of the inductor winding.

Collect such a device yourself not easy. And you can only take this job when there is confidence in the correctness of your actions.

Induction oven on lamps

Unlike the transistor, the lamp furnace will turn out much more powerful, and therefore, and with it and with the scheme will have to be careful.

• The connected parallel 4 radial lamps will generate high frequency currents.
• Copper wire flex a spiral. The distance between the turns of 5 and more millimeters. The turns themselves with a diameter of 8-16 cm. The inductor should be of this size so that the crucible inside is easily placed.
• The inductor is placed in the case of a material that does not conduct the current (textolite, graphite).
• You can put a neon lamp indicator on the housing.
• You can also include a trimmed capacitor.

The manufacture of both schemes requires some knowledge, which can be obtained, but better if this specialist will take place.

Cooling

This question is probably the most difficult of all those that are placed in front of a person who decided to assemble the melting unit on their own on the basis of the induction principle. The fact is that to put the fan directly near the furnace is not recommended. Metal and electrical parts of the cooling device may adversely affect the work of the stove. The fan standing in the distance may not provide the desired cooling, which will lead to overheating.

The second option is to carry out water cooling. However, it is not possible to fully and correct it to fully and correctly, but financially not profitable. In this case, it is necessary to think: is it no more economical to purchase an industrial version of the induction furnace, released at the factory, in compliance with all necessary technologies?

Safety in the smelting of a metal in an induction furnace

It is not necessary to propagate on this topic, since almost everyone knows the main safety provisions. It should be stopped only on those issues that are inherent in the equipment exclusively in this type of equipment.

• Let's start with personal safety. When working with an induction furnace, it should be well understood that the temperatures here are very high, and this is the risk of burns. Also, the device is electrical and requires increased attention.
• If you bought a finished oven, you should pay attention to the radius of the electromagnetic field. Otherwise, hours, phones, camcorders and other electronic gadgets can start climbing or completely break.
• Working clothes should be selected with non-metallic clasp. Their presence on the contrary will affect the work of the furnace.
• Particular attention should be paid to the lamp furnace. All elements with high voltage should be stubborn in the housing.

Of course, such equipment is hardly useful in the urban apartment, but radio amateurs that are constantly engaged in luggage and jewelry crafts without induction stove can not do in any way. For them, this thing is very useful, you can say an indispensable, and how it helps in their work, it is better to ask them themselves.

Heating and melting of metals in induction furnaces occur due to internal heating and changing crystalline ...

How do you collect the induction oven for melting metal at home

Metal smelting by induction is widely used in different industries: metallurgy, mechanical engineering, jewelry. A simple induction type oven for melting metal at home can be collected with their own hands.

Operating principle

Heating and melting of metals in induction furnaces occur due to internal heating and changes in the crystal metal lattice when high-frequency vortex currents passing through them. The basis of this process is the phenomenon of resonance, in which the vortex currents have the maximum value.

To cause the flow of vortex currents through the melted metal, it is placed in the zone of action of the electromagnetic field of the inductor - coils. It may have the shape of a spiral, eight or a shader. The form of the inductor depends on the size and shape of the heated billet.

The inductor coil connects to the AC source. In the production melting furnaces, industrial frequency currents are used 50 Hz, for melting small volumes of metals in jewelry, high-frequency generators are used as more efficient.

Views

The vortex currents are closed along the contour bounded by the magnetic field of the inductor. Therefore, the heating of the conductive elements is possible both inside the coil and from the external side.

Therefore, induction furnaces are two types:
• channels, in which the container for melting metals are channels located around the inductor, and the core is located inside it;
• crucible, they use a special container - a crucible made of heat-resistant material, usually removable.

Channel oven. Too overall and designed for industrial volumes of melting metals. It is used when smelting cast iron, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals.

Tigel oven. It is quite compact, she enjoyed jewelers, radio amateurs, such a furnace can be collected with their own hands and apply at home.

Device

The homemade furnace for melting metals has a fairly simple design and consists of three main blocks placed in a common case:
• high frequency alternator;
• inductor - a spiral winding of copper wire or tube, made with their own hands;
• crucible.

The crucible is placed in the inductor, the winding ends are connected to the current source. When the current flow overlooks it, an electromagnetic field with a variable vector occurs around it. In a magnetic field, vortex currents appear, directed perpendicular to its vector and passing along the closed contour inside the winding. They pass through the metal, laid in the crucible, while heating it to the melting point.

The advantages of the induction furnace:

• fast and uniform metal heating immediately after the installation is turned on;
• the direction of heating - only metal is heated, not all installation;
• high melting speed and melt homogeneity;
• there is no evaporation of the alloying components of the metal;
• installation is environmentally friendly and safe.

As a generator of an induction furnace for melting metal, a welding inverter can be used. You can also collect the generator according to the schemes below with your own hands.

Metal smelting furnace on a welding inverter

This design is simplicity and safety, as all inverters are equipped with internal overload protection. The entire assembly of the furnace in this case comes down to the manufacture of the inductor with their own hands.

It is usually performed in the form of a helix of a copper thin-walled tube with a diameter of 8-10 mm. It is flexed according to the pattern of the desired diameter, there is a coil at a distance of 5-8 mm. The amount of turns - from 7 to 12, depending on the diameter and characteristics of the inverter. The general resistance of the inductor should be so as not to cause current overload in the inverter, otherwise it will turn off internal protection.

The inductor can be fixed in a graphite or textolite housing and install the crucible. You can simply put the inductor on the heat-resistant surface. The housing should not be conducted, otherwise the closure of the vortex currents will pass through it, and the installation power will decrease. For the same reason, it is not recommended to have extraneous objects in the melting area.

When working from the welding inverter, its housing must be grounded! The socket and wiring must be calculated on the current consumed by the inverter.

The maintenance system of the private house is based on the work of the furnace or boiler, high performance and the long uninterrupted life of which depends on both the brand and the installation of the heating devices themselves and the proper chimney mounting.

Induction oven on transistors: scheme

There are many different ways to collect induction heater with your own hands. A fairly simple and proven furnace scheme for metal smelting is presented in Figure:

To assemble the installation with your own hands, the following details and materials will be needed:
• two IRFZ44V field transistors;
• two UF4007 diode (UF4001 can also be used);
• resistor 470 Ohm, 1 W (you can take two sequentially connected 0.5 watts);
• film capacitors for 250 V: 3 pieces with a capacity of 1 μF; 4 pieces - 220 NF; 1 piece - 470 NF; 1 piece - 330 NF;
• copper winding wire in enamel isolation Ø1.2 mm;
• copper winding wire in enamel isolation Ø2 mm;
• two rings from chokes removed from a computer power supply.

Assembly sequence with your own hands:

• Field transistors are installed on radiators. Since the scheme in the process of work is greatly heated, the radiator must be quite large. You can install them and one radiator, but then you need to isolate transistors from metal using gaskets and washers from rubber and plastic. The field of field transistors is shown in the figure.

• It is necessary to make two chokes. For their manufacture, the copper wire with a diameter of 1.2 mm is wound on the rings taken from the power supply of any computer. These rings consist of their powder ferromagnetic iron. They need to be hounded from 7 to 15 turns of the wire, trying to withstand the distance between the turns.

• Collect the above capacitors in the battery with a total capacity of 4.7 μF. Constressor connection is parallel.

• Perform the winding of the inducer from the copper wire with a diameter of 2 mm. Wash the cylindrical item 7-8 turns of the winding on the diameter of the trigger, the long ends are left for connecting to the diagram.
• Connect elements on the board in accordance with the scheme. As a power source, the battery is 12 V, 7.2 A / H. Current current in operation mode - about 10 A, the battery capacity in this case is enough for about 40 minutes. We need to make the chassis of the furnace from heat-resistant material, for example, the textolite. The device memory can be changed by changing the number of turns of the inductor winding and their diameter.

With prolonged operation, the elements of the heater may overheat! To cool it, you can use the fan.

Induction Metal Melting Heater: Video

Induction oven on lamps

A more powerful induction furnace for melting metals can be collected with their own hands on electronic lamps. The diagram of the device is shown in the picture.

To generate high-frequency current, 4 radial lamps are used, connected in parallel. A copper tube with a diameter of 10 mm is used as an inducer. Installation is equipped with a trimmed capacitor for power adjustment. The output frequency is 27.12 MHz.

To assemble the scheme, it is necessary:

• 4 Electronic lamps - Tetrode, you can use 6L6, 6P3 or G807;
• 4 chokes per 100 ... 1000 μH;
• 4 condenser by 0.01 μF;
• neon lamp indicator;
• strong capacitor.

Assembling the device with your own hands:

1. The inductor is performed from the copper tube, bending it in the form of a spiral. The diameter of turns is 8-15 cm, the distance between the turns is at least 5 mm. Ends are broken for soldering to the scheme. The diameter of the inductor should be larger than the diameter of the tag of 10 mm.
2. Place the inductor in the case. It can be made from heat-resistant non-conductive material, or from metal, providing thermo- and electrical insulating from the elements of the circuit.
3. Collect the cascades of lamps according to the scheme with capacitors and chokes. Cascades are connected to the parallel.
4. Connect the neon lamp indicator - it will signal the readiness of the scheme to work. The lamp is displayed on the installation housing.
5. The diagram includes a stroke capacitor of the variable capacity, its handle is also displayed on the body.

For all fans of delicacies cooked by the method of cold smoking, we suggest to learn how quickly and just make your own hands to make a smokehouse, and here to get acquainted with the photo and video instructions for the manufacture of smoke generator for cold smoking.

Cooling scheme

Industrial smelting installations are equipped with a system of forced cooling on water or antifreeze. Water cooling at home will require additional costs comparable for price with the cost of the installation of metal melting.

Air cooling with a fan can be provided with a sufficiently remote location of the fan. Otherwise, the metallic winding and other elements of the fan will serve as an additional circuit for closing the vortex currents, which will reduce the efficiency of the installation.

Elements of the electronic and lamp circuit are also capable of actively heated. For their cooling, heat sink radiators are provided.

Security measures when working

• The main danger when working with self-made installation is the risk of burning burns from the heated elements of the installation and molten metal.
• The lamp circuit includes high-voltage elements, so it must be placed in a closed case, eliminating a random touch to the items.
• The electromagnetic field can affect the items outside the body of the device. Therefore, before work, it is better to wear clothes without metal elements, remove complex devices from the zone: phones, digital cameras.

The furnace for melting metals at home can also be used for rapid heating of metal elements, for example, when they are tinned or molding. The characteristics of the operation of the presented installations can be adjusted under a specific task, changing the parameters of the inductor and the output signal of the generator settings - so you can achieve their maximum efficiency.

Induction furnaces are used to smell metals and feature that the heating in them occurs by electrical current. Current excitation occurs in the inductor, or rather in the non-heated field.

In such structures, energy turns several times (in this sequence):

• in electromagnetic;
• electric;
• thermal.

Such furnaces make it possible to use heat with maximum efficiency, which is not surprising, because they are the most perfect of all existing models working on electricity.

Note! Induction structures are two types - with a core or without it. In the first case, the metal is placed in a tubular chute, which is located around the inductor. The core is placed in the inductor itself. The second option is called crucible, because in it, the metal with a crucible is already inside the indicator. Of course, no core in this case can not be a speech.

In today's article, we will talk about how it is manufacturedinduction oven do it yourself.

Pros and cons of induction structures

Among numerous advantages is to highlight the following:

• environmental purity and safety;
• increased melt homogeneity due to the active movement of the metal;
• speed - the furnace can be used almost immediately after switching on;
• zone and focused energy orientation;
• high melting speed;
• lack of fusion from alloying substances;
• the ability to adjust the temperature;
• numerous technical capabilities.

But there are also their cons.

1. The slag is heated from the metal, as a result of which has low temperatures.
2. If the slag is cold, then it is very difficult to remove phosphorus and sulfur from the metal.
3. Between the coil and melting metal, the magnetic field is dissipated, so it will be necessary to reduce the thickness of the feet. This will soon lead to the fact that the futures itself fails.

Video - induction oven

Industrial application

Both design options are used in the smelting of cast iron, aluminum, steel, magnesium, copper and precious metals. The useful amount of such structures can be both a few kilograms and several hundred tons.

Industrial furnaces are divided into several types.

1. The design of medium frequency is commonly used in mechanical engineering and metallurgy. It is melted with steel, and when using graphite crucibles and non-ferrous metals.
2. The design of industrial frequency is used in the smelting of cast iron.
3. Resistance designs are intended for melting aluminum, aluminum alloys, zinc.

Note! Induction technology was based on more popular devices - microwave ovens.

Household application

In view of the obvious reasons, the induction furnace for smelting is infrequently used in everyday life. But the technology described in the article is found in almost all modern homes and apartments. These are the above-mentioned microwaves, and induction plates, and electrophovka.

Consider, for example, plates. They heat the dishes at the expense of induction vortex currents, as a result of which heating occurs almost instantly. It is characteristic that it is impossible to turn on the burner on which there is no dishes.

The CPD of induction plates reaches 90%. For comparison: electric stoves it is approximately 55-65%, and gas is not more than 30-50%. But the sake of fairness should be noted that special dishes are required to operate the plates described.

Homemade induction oven.

Not so long ago, domestic radio amateurs visually demonstrating whether the induction furnace can be made himself. Today there are a lot of different schemes and technologies of manufacture, we also led the most popular of them, which means the most effective and simple in execution.

Induction furnace from high-frequency generator

Below is an electrical diagram for the manufacture of a homemade device from high-frequency (27.22 megahertz) generator.

In addition to the generator, the assembly will require four high-power electric bulbs and a heavy lamp for the readiness indicator.

Note! The main difference of the furnace made on this scheme is the handle of the condenser - in this case it is located outside.

In addition, the metal located in the coil (inductor) is melted in the device of the most insignificant power.

In the manufacture, it is necessary to remember certain important points that affect the rate of metal reign. It:

• power;
• frequency;
• vortex losses;
• heat transfer intensity;
• losses on hysteresis.

The device will be powered by a standard network in 220 V, but with a pre-installed rectifier. If the furnace is designed to heat the room, it is recommended to use nichrome spiral, and if for smelting, then graphite brushes. You will get acquainted with each of the designs in more detail.

Video - Design of welding inverter

The essence of the design is as follows: a pair of graphite brushes is installed, and the powder granite is falling asleep between them, after which the eyeliner is carried out to the downstream transformer. It is characteristic that when smelting, you can not be afraid of the shock, since there is no need to use 220 V.

Build technology

Step 1. The basis is the base - boxing of chamotte brick size 10x10x18 cm, laid on a refractory tile.

Step 2. Boxing is frozen asbestokarton. After wetting, the material is softened, which allows it to give it any shape. If desired, the design can be wrapped with steel wire.

Note! Boxing dimensions may vary depending on the power of the transformer.

Step 3. The optimal version for the furnace on graphite is a transformer from a welding machine with a capacity of 0.63 kW. If the transformer is designed for 380 V, then it can be reworked, although many experienced electricians claim that you can leave everything as it is

Step 4. The transformer is winding with thin aluminum - so the design will not be very basked during operation.

Step 5. Graphite brushes are installed, a clay substrate is installed on the bottom of the box - so the molten metal will not be spread.

The main advantage of such a furnace is a high temperature that is suitable even for platinum or palladium melting. But among the minuses - the rapid heating of the transformer, a small volume (at a time can be paid no more than 10 g). For this reason, for smelting large volumes will require a different design.

So, for the smelting of large volumes of metal, the oven will be required with nichrome wire. The principle of operation of the structure is quite simple: the electric current is fed to the nichrome spiral, she heats up and melts the metal. The network has a lot of different formulas for calculating the wire length, but they are also the same.

Step 1. For the spiral used nichrome Ø0.3 mm of about 11 m.

Step 2. Wire must be coated. To do this, you will need a straight copper tube Ø5 mm - a spiral is wound on it.

Step 3. A small ceramic pipe Ø1.6 cm and a length of 15 cm is used as a trigger and a length of 15 cm. One end of the pipe is stuck asbestos - so the molten metal will not flow.

Step 4. After checking the workover and the spiral stacked around the pipe. At the same time, the same asbestos thread is put together between the turns - it will prevent the closure and limit the access of oxygen.

Step 5. The finished coil is placed in the cartridge from the high power lamp. Such cartridges are usually ceramic and have the necessary size.

Advantages of this design:

• high productivity (up to 30 g per side);
• fast heating (about five minutes) and long cooling;
• ease of operation - metal is convenient to pour into molds;
• operational replacement of the spiral in case of bravery.

But there is, of course, and cons:

• nichrome blows up, especially if the spiral is poorly isolated;
• insecure - the device is connected to 220 V electrical strokes

Note! It is impossible to add metal to the stove if the previous portion is already melted there. Otherwise, the entire material will split around the room, moreover, it can injure his eyes.

As a conclusion

As you can see, the induction oven can be done on their own. But if you are frank, the described design (like all on the Internet) is not really a furnace, and the laboratory inverter of the kitchen. It is simply impossible to assemble a full-fledged induction design at home.

chief Editor

How to make an induction heater with your own hands?

Electric heaters

Induction heaters work on the principle of "Obtaining current from magnetism". A variable high-power magnetic field is generated in a special coil, which generates vortex electrical currents in a closed conductor.

A closed conductor in induction plates is a metal tableware that is heated by vortex electric currents. In general, the principle of operation of such devices is not complicated, and in the presence of small knowledge in physics and electrics, to collect induction heater will not make a lot of work.

Alone, the following devices can be made:

1. Instruments To heat the coolant in the heating boiler.
2. Mini-stove For melting metals.
3. Plates for cooking food.

Induction stove with your own hands, must be made in compliance with all rules and rules for the operation of the instrument data. If, outside the body in the side directions, a hazardous electromagnetic radiation will be distinguished, then use such a device is strictly prohibited.

In addition, the greater complexity in the construction of the slab is the selection of material for the base of the hob, which should meet the following requirements:

1. Ideally carry out electromagnetic radiation.
2. Do not be conductive material.
3. Hold a high temperature load.

In domestic cooking induction surfaces, expensive ceramics are used, in the housework of induction plates, find a worthy alternative to such a material is quite difficult. Therefore, for a start, it is necessary to construct something easier, for example, an induction oven for hardening the metals.

Instructions for manufacture

Figure 1. Electric circuit induction heater
Figure 2. Device.
Figure 3. Scheme of a simple induction heater

For the manufacture of the furnace, the following materials and tools will be needed:

• soldering iron;
• solder;
• textolite fee.
• mini drill.
• radio elements.
• thermal Pasta.
• chemical reagents to etching board.

Additional materials and their features:

1. For the manufacture of coilwhich will radiate the alternating magnetic field necessary for heating, it is necessary to prepare a segment of the copper tube with a diameter of 8 mm, and a length of 800 mm.
2. Powerful power transistors Are the most expensive part of the homemade induction installation. To mount the frequency generator scheme, it is necessary to prepare 2 such elements. For these purposes, transistors of brands are suitable: IRFP-150; IRFP-260; IRFP-460. In the manufacture of the circuit, 2 of the same of the listed field transistors are used.
3. For the manufacture of oscillating contour We will need ceramic capacitors with a capacity of 0.1 MF and a working voltage of 1600 V. In order for an alternating current of high power in the coil, 7 such capacitors will be required.
4. When working such an induction deviceField transistors will be heated greatly and if the radiators made of aluminum alloy are not attached to them, then after a few seconds of operation at maximum power, these elements will fail. Put transistors on heat sinks should be put through a thin layer of thermal paste, otherwise the effectiveness of such cooling will be minimal.
5. Diodeswhich are used in the induction heater must necessarily be ultrafine. The most suitable for this scheme, diodes: MUR-460; UF-4007; HER - 307.
6. Resistors that are used in Scheme 3: 10 com power 0.25 W - 2 pcs. and 440 Ohm power - 2 W. Stabilians: 2 pcs. With a working voltage of 15 V. The power of stabilion should be at least 2 W. The throttle to connect to the power outputs of the coil is used with induction.
7. To feed the entire device, you will need a power supply up to 500. W. and voltage 12 - 40 V.You can save this device from a car battery, but get the highest power readings at such a voltage will not work.

The process of manufacturing an electron generator and coil occupies a little time and is carried out in such a sequence:

1. From copper pipe A spiral is made with a diameter of 4 cm. For the manufacture of the spiral, the copper tube should be turned on the rod with a flat surface with a diameter of 4 cm. The helix should have 7 turns that should not be in contact. At 2 end of the tube, fastening rings are soldered to connect to transistor radiators.
2. The printed circuit board is manufactured according to the scheme. If there is an opportunity to supply polypropylene capacitors, then due to the fact that such elements have minimal losses and sustainable work at large voltage fluctuations, the device will work much more stable. Capacitors in the diagram are installed in parallel forming an oscillating circuit with a copper coil.
3. Heating Metal It happens inside the coil, after the scheme is connected to the power supply or battery. When the metal heated, it is necessary to ensure that there is no short circuit of the springs windings. If you touch the heated metal 2 turns of the coil at the same time, the transistors fail instantly.

1. When conducting experiments on heat and hardening metals, inside induction spiral, the temperature can be significant and is 100 degrees Celsius. This thermal heating effect can be used to heat water for household needs or for home heating.
2. The diagram of the heater considered above (Figure 3)At maximum load, it is capable of providing radiation of magnetic energy inside the coil equal to 500 W. Such power is not enough to heat a large amount of water, and the construction of a high-power induction coil will require the production of a scheme in which it will be necessary to use very expensive radio elements.
3. Budget solution to the organization of induction heating of fluidis the use of several devices described above, located sequentially. At the same time, the spirals should be on the same line and not have a shared metal conductor.
4. As a heat exchanger Stainless steel pipe with a diameter of 20 mm is used. There are several induction spirals on the pipe "stand", so that the heat exchanger is in the middle of the spiral and did not come into contact with her turns. With the simultaneous inclusion of 4 such devices, the heating power will be about 2 kW, which is already sufficient for flowing fluid heating with a small circulation of water, to the values \u200b\u200ballowing the use of this construction in the supply of a small house.
5. If you connect such a heating element with a well-insulated tankwhich will be located above the heater, the result is a boiler system in which the heating of the fluid will be carried out inside the stainless pipe, the heated water will rise up, and its place will occupy a colder liquid.
6. If the area of \u200b\u200bthe house is significantThe number of induction spirals can be increased to 10 pieces.
7. The power of such a boiler can be easily adjusted. By turning off or turning on the spirals. The more at the same time enabled sections, the greater the power of the heating device that works.
8. To power this module, you will need a powerful power supply. If there is a DC inverter welding machine, then the voltage converter of the required power can be made of it.
9. Due to the fact that the system works on a constant electric currentwhich does not exceed 40 B, the operation of such a device is relatively safe, the main thing is to provide a fuse block in the generator in the power supply scheme, which in the case of a short circuit will de-energize the system, there is the easiest of the fire.
10. You can thus organize "free" home heating, subject to installation for powering induction devices of batteries, charging which will be carried out by the energy of the sun and wind.
11. Batteries should be merged into the sections of 2 pcs., Connected sequentially. As a result, the supply voltage with such a connection will be at least 24 V., which will ensure the operation of the boiler at high power. In addition, the sequential connection will reduce the current strength in the chain and increase the service life of the batteries.

1. Operation of homemade induction heating devicesIt does not always eliminate the spread of electromagnetic radiation harmful to humans, so the induction boiler should be installed in a non-residential room and shielded galvanized steel.
2. Required when working with electricity safety regulations should be followedand, especially this concerns the AC network with a voltage of 220 V.
3. As an experiment you can make a cooking surface for cooking According to the scheme specified in the article, but to operate this device is constantly not recommended due to the imperfection of independent manufacture of the screening of this device, because of this, it is possible to effect on the human body of harmful electromagnetic radiation capable of negatively affecting health.

Household induction furnace can easily warm the dwelling. In industry, these devices are involved in melting of various metals. Additionally, they can participate in heat treatment of parts, as well as their ordination. The main advantage of the induction type oven is the ease of use. In addition, they are easy to maintain and do not require periodic examinations, which is very important.

To install this device, it is absolutely no need to highlight a separate room. The performance of these devices is very good. This is largely due to the fact that there are no details that are subject to mechanical wear. In general, induction furnaces are safe for human health and danger during operation do not represent.

How it works?

The operation of the induction furnace begins with the supply of alternating current to the generator. At the same time, it passes through a special inductor, which is inside the design. Next, a condenser is activated in the device. Its main task is the formation of an oscillatory circuit. In this case, the entire system is configured to the operating frequency. The inductor in the furnace is engaged in creating an alternating magnetic field. At this time, the voltage in the device increases to 200 V.

To shorten the circuit in the system there is a feroomagnetic core, but it is not installed in all models. Subsequently, the magnetic field interacts with the workpiece and creates a powerful stream. Next occurs the induction of the electrically conductive element and the secondary voltage occurs. In this case, a vortex current is formed in the condenser. According to the law of Joule-Lenz, he gives his energy to inductor. As a result, the billet in the furnace heats up.

Homemade furnaces of induction type

Induction oven is done strictly according to the drawings in compliance with the security rules. The device body should be selected from aluminum alloy. In the upper part of the design there should be a large platform. Its thickness is obliged to be at least 10 mm. For tagging, the pattern of steel is most often used. To drain the molten metal, a lining cavity will be required in the form of a nose. At the same time in the design there should be a padding platform.

For sections above the template, an insulating stand is set. The hinged support will be located directly below it. In order to cool the inductor in the furnace, there should be a fitting. The voltage to the device is fed through the bridge, which is located at the bottom of the device. For tilt capacity, the induction oven, with their own hands made, should have a separate gearbox. At the same time, it is best to make a handle so that it is possible to drain the metal manually.

Furnaces of the company "Thermolite"

Induction furnaces for melting metal of this brand have an acceptable power of the converter. At the same time, the capacity of cameras in models can be very different. The average melting rate of metal is 0.4 t / h. In this case, the rated voltage of the supply network ranges in the region of 0.3. Water consumption in an induction furnace depends on the cooling system. Usually this parameter is 10 cubic meters / h. In this case, the specific electricity consumption is quite high.

Characteristics of the furnace "Thermolite TM1"

This furnace for smelting (induction) has a total capacity of 0.03 tons. In this case, the power of the converter is only 50 kW, and the average melting speed is 0.04 tons per hour. The supply voltage must be at least 0.38 V. Water consumption for cooling in this model is insignificant. This is largely due to the low power of the device.

Of the disadvantages, high energy consumption should be allocated. On average, an hour of operation of the furnace consumes approximately 650 kW. The frequency converter in this model has a class "TPC-50". In general, the "TM1 thermolite" is economical equipment, but with weak productivity.

Induction furnace "TG-2"

Induction melting furnaces of the TG series are produced with a capacity of 0.6 tons of chamber. The rated power of the device is 100 kW. At the same time, in an hour of continuous operation, it is possible to melt 0.16 tons of non-ferrous metals. This model feeds from a voltage of 0.3 V.

Water consumption at the TG-2 furnace induction type is quite significant and over an hour of work, an average is consumed up to 10 cubic meters of fluid. All this is due to the need for intensive cooling gear. The positive side is moderate electricity consumption. Usually under the hour of operation, up to 530 kW of electricity is consumed. The frequency converter in the TG-2 model is set to TPC-100.

Furnaces "Thermo Pro"

The main modifications of equipment from this company are induction melting furnaces "SAT 05", "Sak-1", and "Sot 05". The average nominal melting point is 900 degrees. In this case, the power of the devices ranges in the area of \u200b\u200b150 kW. Additionally, it should be noted good performance. Over the hour of non-ferrous metals, you can melt 80 kg. At the same time, many models "Thermo Pro" are manufactured for narrow-controlled use. Some of them are intended solely to work with aluminum, while other modifications are used to melting lead or tin.

Modification "SAT 05"

This induction oven is designed for aluminum melt. The power of this device is exactly 20 kW. At the same time, in an hour of work, you can pass up to 20 kg of metal. Camera capacity in the SAT 05 model is 50 kg, and the frequency converter has a class "TPC".

Batteries in the device are installed capacitor type. At the bottom of the design, the manufacturer conducted a special water cooled cable. The control panel in this model is available. Among other things, it should be noted a large kit "SAT 05" furnace. It includes all installation accessories, as well as operational documents.

Parameters of the furnace "SAK-1"

This induction oven is most often used to smell lead, as well as tin. In some cases, it is allowed to lay copper, but performance drops significantly. The average melting point ranges in the area of \u200b\u200b1000 degrees, the power of this device has 250 kW. For an hour of continuous operation, it is possible to skip up to 400 kg of non-ferrous metals. In this case, the capacity capacity allows you to upload up to 1000 kg of material. The supply voltage is 0.3 square meters.

Water consumption for cooling the model "SAK-1" is insignificant. Over the hour, approximately 10 cubic meters of liquid consumes. The specific consumption of electricity is also small and is 530 kW. The frequency converter in this design is provided by the brand "TPC-400". In general, the SAK-1 model turned out to be economical and easy to use.

Overview of the model "Sak 05"

Induction furnaces for melting Metal "Sak 05" are distinguished by a large capacity - 0.5 tons. At the same time, the power of the supply transducer is 400 kW. The working speed of melting in this furnace is quite high. The nominal voltage of the device is 0.3 kV. For the hour of water, approximately 11 cubic meters is consumed for cooling the system. It should also be noted that the consumption of electricity is considerable and is 530 kW. The frequency converter in the device has a class "TPC-400". At the same time, it is capable of pumping the limit temperature to 800 degrees. The induction furnace "Sak 05" is intended exclusively for the melt of aluminum and bronze. The heat exchange cabinet is installed by the manufacturer of the brand "them". It should also be noted a convenient control panel. Alarm and hydrogenation in the system are available.

Among other things, the standard set includes a set of turbo and mounting accessories. In general, the model "Sak 05" turned out to be quite protected, and it can be used without risk to health. In many ways it was achieved at the expense of rods, which are attached on the hydraulic cylinders. At the same time, the metal practically does not splash. Directly adjusting the frequency during operation in automatic mode. Capacitors are used in this average voltage model.

Metal smelting with an induction method is actively used in various industries, such as mechanical engineering, metallurgical and jewelry production. The material is heated under the influence of electric current, which allows the use of heat with maximum efficiency. In large factories, there are special industrial aggregates for this, whereas at home can be collected a simple and small induction furnace with their own hands.

Similar furnaces are popular in production

Self-assembly of the furnace

On the Internet and magazines are a variety of technologies and schematic descriptions of this process, but when choosing it is worth staying on some one model, most effective in operation, as well as accessible and easy in execution.

Homemade smelting stoves have a fairly simple design and usually consist only of three main parts placed in a strong case. These include:

• an element generating an alternating current of high frequency;
• spiral part, created from copper tube or thick wire, called inductor;
• the crucible is a capacity in which calcination or melting, made of refractory material.

Of course, such equipment is infrequently used in everyday life, because not all masters need such aggregates. But the technologies found in these devices are present in household appliances with which many people deal almost every day. This can include microwaves, electric ovens and induction plates. With your own hands on schemes, you can make different equipment if you have the necessary knowledge and skills.

In this video, you will learn from what this furnace consists

Heating in such a technique is carried out thanks to induction vortex currents. The temperature rise occurs instantly, unlike other devices of similar purpose.

For example, induction plates have an efficiency in 90%, and gas and electric can not boast of this value, it is only 30-40% and 55-65%, respectively. However, twitch plates have a disadvantage: for their operation will have to prepare special dishes.

Construction of transistors

There are many different schemes for assembling induction melting at home. A simple and proven furnace from field transistors is quite easy, many masters familiar with the basics of radio engineering will cope with its production according to the scheme shown in the figure. To create installation you need to prepare the following materials and details:

• two IRFZ44V transistors;
• copper wires (for winding) in enamel isolation, 1.2 and 2 mm thick (one piece);
• two rings from chokes, they can be removed from the power supply of the old computer;
• one resistor 470 Ohm per 1 W (can be sequentially connected two to 0.5 W);
• two diode UF4007 (calmly replaced with the UF4001 model);
• capacitors of 250 W film capacitors are one piece with a capacity of 330 NF, four - 220 NF, three - 1 μF, 1 piece - 470 NF.

Before assembling such a furnace, do not forget about the instrument

The assembly occurs according to a schematic figure, it is also recommended to be checked with step-by-step instructions, it will save from errors and damage the elements. The creation of an induction smelting furnace is made by their own hands according to the following algorithm:

1. Transistors are placed on fairly large radiators. The fact is that the schemes can be very hot during operation, so it is so important to choose the details of the appropriate size. All transistors can be placed on one radiator, but in this case it will have to be isolated by saving them from contact with the metal. Washings and gaskets from plastic and rubber will help. The correct pinout of the transistors is shown in the picture.
2. Then proceed to the manufacture of chokes, they will need two pieces. To do this, take the copper wire of 1.2 millimeters in diameter and wind the rings taken from the power supply. The composition of these elements includes ferromagnetic iron in the form of a powder, so it is necessary to make at least 7-15 turns, leaving a small distance between them.
3. The obtained modules are collected in one battery with a capacity of 4.6 μF, capacitors are connected in parallel.
4. Two mm thick copper wire is used to winding the inductor. It turns 7-8 times around any object of the cylindrical shape, its diameter must correspond to the size of the crucible. Unfoliated wire is cut off, but they leave quite long ends: they will need to connect to other details.
5. All items are connected on the board, as shown in the figure.

If necessary, you can build a housing for the unit, for this purpose only heat-resistant materials are used, for example, textolit. The power of the device can be adjusted for which it suffices to change the number of turns of the wire on the inductor and their diameter.

There are several variations of an induction furnace, which can be collected

With graphite brushes

The main element of this design is collected from graphite brushes, the space between which is filled with granite, crushed to powder state. Then the finished module is connected to a downstream transformer. When working with such equipment, you can not be afraid of shocking, as it does not need to use 220 volts.

Technology manufacturing inductive furnace made of graphite brushes:

1. First, the housing is collected, for this refractory (chamoten) brick measuring 10 × 10 × 18 cm. They are placed on the tile capable of carrying a high temperature. Ready boxing wrapping asbestokarton. To give this material the necessary shape, it is sufficient to moisten with a small amount of water. The size of the base is directly dependent on the power of the transformer used in the design. If you wish, boxing can be coated with steel.
2. An excellent option for graphite furnaces will be a 0.063 kW transformer, taken from the welding machine. If it is designed for 380 V, in order to ensure security, it can be subjected to a winding, although many experienced radio engineers believe that this procedure can be abandoned without any risk. However, it is recommended to assign a thin aluminum transformer so that the finished apparatus does not heat up during operation.
3. A clay substrate is installed on the bottom of the box so that the liquid metal does not grow up, after which graphite brushes and granite sand are placed in the box.

The main advantage of such devices is the high melting point, which is capable of changing the aggregate state even palladium and platinum. The disadvantages include too fast heating of the transformer, as well as a small furnace area, which will not allow to pay more than 10 g of metal at a time. Therefore, each master must understand that if the device is going to handle large volumes, it is better to make a furnace of another design.

Device on lamps

Powerful smelting stove can be collected from electronic light bulbs. As can be seen in the diagram, to obtain a high-frequency current, you need to connect the radial lamps in parallel. Instead of the inductor in this device, a tube of copper with a diameter of 10 mm is used. Also, the design is equipped with a trimmed capacitor to be able to adjust the power of the furnace. For assembly, you need to prepare:

• four lamps (tetrods) L6, 6P3 or G807;
• trimmed condenser;
• 4 chokes per 100-1000 μH;
• neon light bulb indicator;
• four capacitor by 0.01 μF.

To start a copper tube, the shape of the helix is \u200b\u200battached - this will be the inductor of the device. At the same time, a distance of at least 5 mm is left between the turns, and their diameter should be 8-15 cm. The ends of the spiral are treated to attach to the diagram. The thickness of the obtained inductor should be greater than the crucible (it is placed inside), by 10 mm.

The finished item is placed in the housing. It should be used for its manufacture, which will provide electrical and thermal insulation of the instrument fillings. Then, from lamps, chokes and capacitor collect the cascade, as shown in the figure, the latter are connected to a straight line.

It's time to connect the neon indicator: it is needed that the master can learn about the readiness of the device to work. This light bulb is displayed on the housing of the furnace along with the handle of the capacitor of the container.

Cooling system equipment

Industrial metal melting units are equipped with special cooling systems on antifreeze or water. For the equipment of these important installations in homemade tvch, additional costs will be required, due to which the assembly can be significantly hit on the wallet. Therefore, it is better to provide a household unit a cheaper system consisting of fans.

Air cooling by these devices is possible with their remote location from the furnace. Otherwise, the metal winding and fan parts can serve as a circuit of the vortex currents, which will significantly reduce the efficiency of the equipment.

Lamp and electronic circuits are also inclined to actively heat up during the operation of the aggregate. For their cooling, heat sink radiators are usually used.

Terms of Use

Experienced radio engineering assembly of an induction furnace according to schemes with their own hands may seem like a light occupation, so the device will be ready pretty quickly, and the master wants to try his creation in the case. It is worth remembering that when working with a homemade installation, it is important to comply with safety techniques and not forget about the main threats that may occur during the operation of the inertial furnace:

1. Liquid metal and heating elements of devices can cause strong burns.
2. The lamp circuits consist of parts with high voltage, so during the assembly of the unit, they must be placed in a closed box, thus eliminating the likelihood of random touch to these elements.
3. The electromagnetic field is able to influence even those things that are outside the installation box. Therefore, before turning on the device, it is necessary to remove all the complex devices, such as mobile phones, digital cameras, MP3 players, and remove all metal decorations. Hazards are also subject to people with pacemakers: they cannot be used in any case such equipment.

These furnaces can be used not only for smelting, but also for rapid heating of metal items when forming and tinned. By changing the output signal of the installation and inductor parameters, you can configure the device for a specific task.

For smelting of small iron volumes will go homemade stoves, these effective devices are able to work from ordinary outlets. The device does not take up much spaceIt can be placed on the desktop in the workshop or garage. If a person knows how to read simple electrical circuits, he does not need to acquire such equipment in the store, because he will be able to assemble a small stove with his own hands in just a few hours.

The radio amateurs have long found out that it is possible to make induction furnaces for melting metal with their own hands. These simple schemes will help to make TVF installation for home use. However, all the designations described correct will be called laboratory kitchen laboratory inverters, as it is simply impossible to assemble a full-fledged stove of this type.

In the metallurgical industry induction furnaces are widely used. Such furnaces are often manufactured independently. To do this, it is necessary to know their principle of operation and design features. The principle of operation of such stoves was known for two more centuries ago.

Induction furnaces are able to solve the following tasks:

• Metal melting.
• Heat treatment of metal parts.
• Purification of precious metals.

Such functions are available in industrial furnaces. For household conditions and heating the room there are furnaces of a special design.

Operating principle

The operation of the induction furnace consists in heating the materials by using the properties of the vortex currents. To create such currents, a special inductor is used, which consists of a coil of inductance with several coils of a large cross section.

The inductor is supplied to the AC power network. In the inductor, alternating current creates a magnetic field, which changes with the frequency of the network, and permeates the inductor's internal space. When placing a material in this space, there are vortex currents that exercise its heating.

Water in a working inductor heats up and boils, and the metal begins to melt when the appropriate temperature is reached. Conventionally, you can divide induction furnaces on types:

• Furnaces with a magnetic pipeline.
• Without magnetic pipeline.

The first type of furnace contains an inductor enclosed in a metal, which creates a special effect that increases the density of the magnetic field, so heating is carried out high quality and quickly. In the furnaces without magnetic pipeline inductor is located outside.

Types and features of furnaces

Induction furnaces can be divided into species that have their own characteristics of work and distinguishing features. Some serve for work in industry, others apply to everyday life for cooking.

Vacuum induction furnaces

Such a furnace is designed for smelting and casting alloys by an induction method. It consists of a hermetic chamber, in which a crucible induction furnace is located with a casting form.

In vacuum you can provide perfect metallurgical processes, get high-quality castings. Currently, vacuum production has passed on new technological processes from continuous chains in a vacuum environment, which makes it possible to create new products and reduce production costs.

Advantages of vacuum smelting

• Liquid metal can be withstanding in vacuo for a long time.
• Increased degassing metals.
• In the process of smelting, you can carry out the furnace and affect the refining and deoxidation process at any time.
• The ability to continuously control and adjust the temperature of the alloy and its chemical composition during operation.
• High purity castings.
• Fast heating and smelting speed.
• Elevated alloy homogeneity due to high-quality mixing.
• Any form of raw materials.
• Environmental purity and efficiency.

The principle of operation of the vacuum furnace is that in the crucible in vacuum using high frequency inductor, firmly mixture and purify liquid metal. Vacuum is created by pumping air pumps. With vacuum smelting, a large decrease in hydrogen and nitrogen is achieved.

Channel induction furnaces

Furnaces with an electromagnetic core (channel) are widely used in the foundry production for non-ferrous and ferrous metals as handouts, mixers.

1 - Bath
2 - Channel
3 - Magnetic Line
4 - Primary coil

A variable magnetic stream passes through the magnetic pipeline, the channel contour in the form of a rings from a liquid metal. In the ring, an electric current is excited, which warms the liquid metal. The magnetic stream is formed by the primary winding, operating from AC.

To enhance the magnetic flux, a closed magnetic core is used, which is made of transformer steel. The space of the furnace is connected by two holes with the channel, so when filling the furnace with a liquid metal, a closed circuit is created. The furnace will not be able to work without a closed contour. In such cases, the contour resistance is large, and it flows a small current, which was called idling current.

Due to the overheating of the metal and the actions of the magnetic field, which seeks to push the metal from the channel, the liquid metal in the channel is constantly moving. Since the metal in the channel is heated higher than in the Bath of the furnace, the metal is constantly rising into the bath, from which the metal is entered with a smaller temperature.

If the metal is to merge below the permissible norm, then the liquid metal will be thrown out of the channel electrodynamic power. As a result, there will be a spontaneous turning off the furnace and the discontinuity of the electric circuit. To avoid such cases of the furnace, leave a certain amount of metal in liquid form. It is called a swamp.

Channel furnaces are divided into:

• Melting furnaces.
• Mixers.
• Disposal furnaces.

In order to accumulate a certain amount of liquid metal, averaging the chemical composition of it and excerpts, mixers use. The volume of the mixer is calculated equal to no lower than two-time hourly furnaces.

The channel furnaces are divided into classes by the location of the channels:

• Vertical.
• Horizontal.

The form of the working chamber:

• Drum induction ovens.
• Cylindrical induction furnaces.

The drum furnace is made in the form of a steel welded cylinder with two walls on the ends. For turning of the furnace apply drive rollers. To rotate the furnace, you need to turn on the drive of the electric motor with two speeds and the chain transmission. The engine has lamellar brakes.

On the end walls there is a siphon for pouring a metal. To load additives and lifting slags there are holes. Also for the issuance of metal there is a channel. The channel block consists of an inductor of the furnace with V-shaped channels made in the lining using templates. At the first melting, these templates are melted. The winding and core are cooled by air, the block body is cooled with water.

If the channel oven has a different form, then the issuance of the metal is carried out using a tilt of the bath with hydraulic cylinders. Sometimes the metal is squeezed out by overpressing gas.

Advantages of channel stoves

• Small electricity consumption due to small bath loss baths.
• Elevated electrical inductor efficiency.
• Small value.

Disadvantages of channel stoves

• The complexity of adjusting the chemical composition of the metal, since the presence of a left liquid metal in the furnace creates difficulties in the transition from one composition to another.
• Small metal speed in the furnace reduces the possibility of smelting technology.

Constructive features

The furnace frame is made of sheet steel with a low carbon content of 30 to 70 mm thick. At the bottom of the carcass there are windows with attached inductors. The inductor is made in the form of a steel case, primary coil, magnetic pipeline and lining. Its case is made detachable, and the parts are isolated with each other to the gaskets so that the parts of the body do not create a closed circuit. Otherwise, the vortex current will be created.

The magnetic pipe is made of plates of special electrical steel 0.5 mm. Plates are isolated between themselves to reduce losses from vortex currents.

The coil is made of a copper conductor with a cross section depending on the load current and the cooling method. With air cooling, the permissible current of 4 amps per mm 2, when cooled by water, the allowable current 20 amps per mm 2. Between the lining and the coil mounted the screen, which is cooled with water. The screen is made of magnetic steel or copper. Fan mounted heat from the coil. To get the exact channel sizes, use the template. It is made in the form of a hollow steel casting. The template is placed in the inductor until the refractory mass is filling. It is located in the inductor when heated and drying the lining.

For lining apply refractory masses of a wet and dry species. Wet mass is used in the form of printed or filling materials. The filler concrete is used in the complex form of the inductor, if it is impossible to seal the mass throughout the entire volume of the inductor.

Such a mass is filled with inductor and seal with vibrators. Dry masses are sealing high frequency vibrators, printed masses are sealing with pneumatic traamies. If cast iron is paid in the furnace, then the lining is performed from magnesium oxide. The quality of the lining is determined by the temperature of the cooling water. The most efficient method of checking the lining is to check the value of inductive and active resistance. These measurements are carried out using control devices.

The electrical equipment includes:

• Transformer.
• Capacitors battery to compensate for electric energy loss.
• Throttle to connect a 1-phase inductor to a 3-phase network.
• Control panels.
• Power cables.

For the furnace normally function, 10 kilovolt is connected to power, which has 10 stress stages on the secondary winding for adjusting the furnace power.

Putting materials lining contain:

• 48% of dry quartz.
• 1.8% boric acid, sifted through fine sieve with 0.5 mm cells.

The mass for the lining is prepared in a dry form with the help of the mixer, and the subsequent settlement through the sieve. The prepared mixture should not be stored for more than 15 hours after preparation.

The lining of the crucible is produced by sealing vibrators. Electrical vibrators are used for larding large furnaces. Vibrators are immersed in the template space and make a mass seal through the walls. When sealing, the vibrator move the crane and rotate vertically.

Crucible induction furnaces

The main components of the crucible furnace are inductor and generator. For the manufacture of the inductor, a copper tube is used as wound 8-10 turns. Inductor forms can be performed by various types.

This type of furnace is the most common. There is no core in the furnace design. The common shape of the furnace is a cylinder of fire-resistant material. Tigel is located in the cavity of the inductor. AC power is supplied to it.

Benefits of crucible stoves

• Energy is allocated when the material is loaded into the furnace, so the auxiliary heating elements are not needed.
• High homogeneity of multicomponent alloys is achieved.
• In the furnace, you can create a recovery reaction, oxidation, regardless of the pressure value.
• High performance furnaces due to increased specific power at any frequencies.
• Metal melting breaks do not affect the efficiency of work, as it does not require a lot of electricity to warm up.
• The possibility of any settings and simple operation with the ability to automate.
• There are no local overheating, the temperature is aligned throughout the volume of the bath.
• Fast melting, allowing you to create high-quality alloys with good homogeneity.
• Environmental Safety. External environment is not subject to no harmful effects of the furnace. Melting also does not harm nature.

Disadvantages of crucible stoves

• Small chalkage temperatures used to process melt melted.
• Small lining resistance with sharp temperature differences.

Despite the existing shortcomings, crucible induction furnaces were gained great popularity in production and in other areas.

Induction furnaces for heating

Most often, such a furnace is installed in the kitchen room. In its design, the main part is the welding inverter. The design of the furnace is usually combined with a water heating boiler, which makes it possible for heating of all rooms in the building. It is also possible to connect hot water to the building.

The efficiency of such a device is small, however, often such equipment is still used for home heating.

The design of the heating part of the induction boiler is similar to the transformer. The outer contour is the windings of a kind of transformer that are connected to the network. The second inner contour is a heat exchange device. It occurs in the circulation of the coolant. When the power is connected, the coil creates a variable. As a result, currents that carry out its heating are induced inside the heat exchanger. Metal heats the coolant, which usually consists of water.

In the same principle, the work of household induction plates was founded, in which dishes from a special material as a secondary circuit. Such a stove is much more economical than ordinary plates due to the lack of heat losses.

The boiler water heater is equipped with control devices that make it possible to maintain the temperature of the coolant at a certain level.

Heating of electricity is expensive pleasure. It cannot create competition with solid fuel and gas, diesel fuel and liquefied gas. One of the methods of reducing costs is the installation of the heat accumulator, as well as the connection of the boiler at night, because at night there is a preferential accrual for electricity.

In order to decide on the installation of an induction boiler for the house, you need to consider consultation from professional specialists in heat engineering. The induction boiler has almost no advantages over the ordinary boiler. The disadvantage is the high cost of equipment. Conventional boilers with Tanes are sold ready for installation, and the induction heater requires additional equipment and settings. Therefore, before purchasing such an induction boiler, it is necessary to make a thorough economic calculation and layout.

Lining induction furnaces

The process of lining is necessary to ensure the protection of the furnace case from the effects of elevated temperatures. It makes it possible to significantly reduce heat loss, increase the efficiency of metal melting or material heating.

For lining, a quartzite is used, which is a modification of silica. Some requirements are presented to materials for lining.

Such material should provide 3 material state zones:

• Monolithic.
• Buffer.
• Intermediate.

Only the presence of three layers in the coating can protect the casing of the furnace. On the lining negatively affects the wrong laying of the material, poor quality of the material and the heavy conditions of the furnace.