Rail crossings call the intersection of roads with railways in the same level. Moving is considered objects of increased danger.. The main condition for ensuring the safety of movement on the move is condition: railway transport has an advantage in motion in front of all other modes of transport.

Moving, depending on the intensity of the movement of railway and road transport, as well as depending on the category of roads, are divided into four categories. Moving with the greatest traffic intensity is assigned the 1st category. In addition, the 1st category includes all moving areas with train speeds of more than 140 km / h.

Moving are adjustable and unregulated. Adjustable include moving, equipped with remote alarm devices that verify drivers of vehicles about the approach to train moving, and / or serviced by duty officers. The ability to safely travel through unregulated moving is determined by the driver of the vehicle independently in accordance with the rules of the Road of the Russian Federation.

The list of relocations serviced by the employee is given in the operating instructions for the operation of railway movements of the MPS of Russia. Previously, such moving was briefly called - "Protected Moving"; According to the new instruction and in this paper, "moving with duty" or "serviced moving".

The transcendent system can be divided into non-automatic, semi-automatic and automatic. In any case, the relocation equipped with a transcendental signaling is protected by moving traffic lights, and the movement with duty officers is additionally equipped with automatic, electrical, mechanized or manual (horizontal-rotary) barriers. On relocation traffic lightshorizontally arranged two lamps of red fire, which when closed moving alternately burn. Simultaneously with the inclusion of translated traffic lights, acoustic signals are included. In accordance with modern requirements on separate movements without duty, red lights of transfers are complemented. white-moon fire. White-lunar fire with an open crossing is on the flashing mode, indicating the health of the devices; When closed - it does not burn. With the extended white-moon fire and non-burning red lights, drivers of vehicles should personally make sure that there are no approaching trains.

On the railways of Russia apply the following types of relocation alarm :

1. Traffic light alarm. It is installed on the moves of access and other paths, where the approximation sections cannot be equipped with rail chains. The prerequisite is the introduction of logical dependencies between translated traffic lights and maneuver or specially installed traffic lights with red and lunar-white lights that perform the functions of the barrier for railway rolling stock.

On moving with duty, the translated traffic lights are included when you press the button on the shield of the transcendent alarm. After that, on the maneuver traffic light, the red fire goes out and turns on lunar-white, allowing the movement of the railway movable unit. Additionally, electrical, mechanized or manual barriers are used.

On maintenance-free crossing, the transfers of the traffic lights are complemented by white-moon flashing fire. Closing the relocation is made by employees of a compiler or locomotive brigade using a column installed on the masts of the maneuver traffic light or automatically using travel sensors.

2. Automatic traffic light alarm.

On the maintenance-free moves located on distillation and stations, the control of transfers is carried out automatically under the action of a passing train. Under certain conditions for relocations located on the distance, the moving traffic lights are complemented by white-moon flashing fire.

If the approximation section includes station traffic lights, their opening occurs after closing the move with a time delay that ensures the desired notification time.

3. Automatic traffic lighting alarm with semi-automatic barriers. It is used on serviced movies at stations. Closing the move occurs automatically when the train is approaching, when you install a route at the station if the corresponding traffic light is included in the approximation site, or forcibly pressed by duty at the closing of the lock button. Lifting bars of barriers and the opening of the move produces duty on moving.

4. Automatic traffic lighting alarm with automatic barriers. It is used on serviced moving on distillation. Management of transfers and barriers occurs automatically.

In addition to the listed devices, the storage systems are applied at stations. For executive alarm Moving on duty receives an optical or acoustic signal about the train approaching and makes the turning on the technical means of moving fencing. After preying the train, the duty opens the move.

Railway crossings are places of intersection at one level of railways with roads (tramways, trolleybus lines) and, depending on the working conditions, are equipped with one of the following devices: automatic traffic lighting; automatic traffic lighting alarm with automatic barriers; Automatic transmitting alarm with non-automatic barriers.
With automatic traffic lighting alarm, moving from the car road is fencing with two moving traffic lights, each of which has two signal heads with red light filters and an electric bell. When the move is open, the signals are not served; When closed, luminous (two alternately flashing red fires) and sound (Call of loud battle of SPT-12 or SPT-24) Signals.
On the moving traffic lights, you can also set the third head that signs the lunar-white fire about the open state of the move.
With automatic traffic lighting alarm with automatic barriers, moving from the road is equipped with an additional barrier barrier bar. When the relocation is open, the barrier bar is in a vertical position when closed - in a horizontal (oversight).
The barrier bar is painted with red and white stripes and is equipped with three electric lamps with red glasses, placed on the end, in the middle, in the bases of the bar and directed towards the road. End lamp bilateral and also has a colorless glass.
The omitted barrier bar flashes three red lights towards the highway and white fire towards the railway. At the same time, the end flashlight burns with continuous fire, the other two flashes alternately.
The barrier bar when closing the move is lowered after 4-10 s after the start of the alarm. With the horizontal position of the bar continue to fire lights on the moving traffic light and a bar, and the electric bell turns off.
Automatic barriers are also equipped with devices for non-automatic controls, including buttons placed on the control panel.
In case of damage to the automatic control system, the barriers go to the score position. On moving, equipped with a transmitting alarm, electrical or mechanized barriers managed by moving on duty are used as a means of fence. Protected moving is also equipped with barrier traffic lights that are used to feed the stop signal in the event of an emergency on moving.
Depending on the category of crossing, the speeds of the intensity of trains and vehicles use the following procets: unguarded with automatic traffic lighting; protected with automatic traffic lighting alarm and automatic barriers; Protected with translating alarm and non-automatic barriers (electrical or mechanized). In the last two types of moves, barriate alarms are also used.

Automatic barriers

This barrier is designed to automatically overlap moving movement when the train is approached.
AutoClagricums are made with a wooden (or aluminum) bar with a length of 4 m or a wooden folding bar with a length of 6 m and installed on a typical light concrete base. The barrier (Fig. 1) consists of the following main nodes: the electrical drive mechanism 1 and the cover of the mechanism 5, the scarceing of the bar 2, the signaling device 3, the counterweight 4, concrete base 6.
Fig. 1. Automatic barrier

Technical characteristic of automatic barrier
DC motor type SL-571K
Useful power, kW 0,095
Voltage, in 24
Rotation frequency, rpm 2200
Lifting time or lowering timber, with 4-9 currents in the circuit of the electric motor, and, not more:
When climbing a bar 2.5
»Friction work 8.4
The angle of rotation of the timber in the vertical plane, hail 90 sizes of the barrier, mm, assembled with a length of a bar, m:
4 4845xp05x2750
6 6845x1105x 2750.
Mass of the barrier, kg, complete (without foundation) with a length of a bar, m:
4 512
6 542
Installation dimensions of the mechanism, mm 300x300
To eliminate breakdowns of the lowered timber, during a random roadway, there is a special device that allows you to shift the timber to its axis to an angle of 45 °. In the initial position, the timber is returned manually.
In the absence of power supply, the timber is translated from a closed position into an open hand with a hand with a preliminary output of a bar from a locked position by rotation of the clutch.
Barrier automatic sha. Barrbum Shake is designed to overlap moving movement when the train is approached. Depending on the length of the bar, there are options for the execution of auto shock bubbles - Sha-8, Sha-6, Sha-4.
Technical characteristics of car power school Sha-8
Motor type of DC motor MSP-0.25, 160 V solenoid electromagnet ES-20 / 13-1.5
Timing time by electric motor and time for lowering timber under the action of gravity, from 8-10
Current in the circuit of the electric motor, and, not more: when climbing a bar of 3.8 "friction work 4.6-5
Voltage on the solenoid brake electromagnet coil for reliable retention of a bar in a vertical position, in 18 + 1
Working contactor pusher, mm 8 + 1 Length of a scattering bar from the axis of rotation, mm 8000 + 5
Hole diameter for cable input, mm 30 ± 0.5 Installation mechanism dimensions, mm 300x300
The angle of rotation of the bar in the plane, hail:
Vertical 90.
Horizontal, not more than 0 ± 90
The height of the axis of the bar above the foundation, mm 950 sizes in the closed position, mm:
Length 8875 ± 35
Width 735 ± 5
Height (above the foundation) 1245 ± 5
Mass, kg, for more than 610 ± 5
"Counterweight, kg 120 ± 5
Barriers of Sha-6, Sha-4 with a length of a bar (6000 ± 5) "(4000 + 5) mm are respectively length (6760 ± 5) and (4760 ± 5) mm, mass (492 ± 5) and (472 ± 5) kg. The remaining characteristics of the cargo bugs Sha-8, Sha-6 and Sha-4 are the same.
AutoClagricums are vertically swivels and consist of the following main nodes: an electrical drive mechanism, a barrier bar, a magnetic brake, fixing device and a shock absorber.
The fixing device of the fracture of auto shuttlers eliminates the possibility of a side turn of a bar at an effort attached at the end of the bar, not less than 295 H for Sha-8, 245 N - for Sha-6, 157 N - for Sha-4. This force is regulated by the suprope.
The shock absorber provides mitigating of beats when the cluster approach to the extreme positions, pushing when lowering, as well as fixing the bar in a horizontal position during a de-energized electromagnet of the brakes. Provisis of the end of the bar should not exceed 280 mm for Sha-8; 210 mm - for Sha-6; 140 mm- for Sha-4.
The reliable hold of the timer in a vertical position provides an electromagnet of the solenoid brake. It is possible to transfer a bar from a closed position to open manually (using a handle), and the fixation of the bracket with a bar in vertical, horizontal positions and at an angle of 70 ° - the bracket lock.
The time to lower the timber is regulated by resistance in the circuit of the electric motor anchor.

Traffic lights moving

Traffic lights are served to supply red flashing, lunar and white and sound signals, warning vehicles and pedestrians about the train approaching to moving. Applying traffic lights with two and three signal heads, cruciform and semi-crust-like pointers with reflective colorless lenses, electric CPT-24 or SPT-12 DC.
The fastening of the light heads allows you to change the direction of the light beam in the horizontal plane at an angle of 60 °, in the vertical - by an angle ± 10 °.
In the traffic lights, lenzovy kits of dwarf lens traffic lights are used (with lamps ZHS12-15), the light of the light of which is at least 500-kd without a diffuser. The visibility of the red flashing signal on a sunny day along the optical axis of the traffic light should be at least 215 m, at an angle of 7 ° to the optical axis - at least 330 m. The angle of visibility of the signal in the horizontal plane is 70 °.
There are the following types of moving traffic lights: II-69 - for single-part sections, with two signal heads, cross-shaped pointer; 111-69 - for single-part sections, with three signal heads, cross-shaped pointer; II-73 - for two or more paths of the path, with two signal heads, cruciform and semi-concentrate pointers; 111-73 - for two or more paths, with three signal heads, cruciform and semi-concentrate pointers.
The dimensions of the transfers: II-69, 111-69 - 680x1250x2525 mm; 11-73, 111-73 - 680x1250x2872 mm; Mass of traffic lights: II-69 - 110 kg; 111-69 - 130 kg; II-73 and 111-73 - 138 kg.

1. Shield of the shield of schsps

The shield of the transition alarm is designed to control the electrical and auto germination installed in the moves. Structurally, the shield is made in the form of a panel on which seven buttons and 16 light bulbs are placed (Table 13.1). The shield is adapted for an outdoor installation on a separate rack, a side wall of a relay cabinet or an outer wall of the room attendant by moving. To protect the panel from atmospheric precipitation on the shield frame, a visor is provided.
Sizes of the shield 536x380 mm; Mass without fastening elements 20.2 kg, with fastening elements - 29.4 kg.
Table 1. Purpose of buttons and panel lamps

Sound Listening Alarm Devices

Calls electric SPT-12U1, SPT-24U1, SPT-80U1.
Fig. 2. Electrical circuits of calls SPT-12U1, SPT-24U1 (A) and SPT-80U1 (b)
1 Permissible deviation ± 15%.

Calls are electrical ZPT (Table 2) are designed for acoustic alarm on railway movies and in various stationary railway devices. Calls have a closed design, in which the electromagnetic system is located (Fig. 2). Calls provide a clear sound that is heard at a distance of at least 80 meters from the call.
Table 2. Electrical characteristics of CPT calls

The ambient temperature during the operation of calls should be from -40 to 55 ° C. Dimensions 171x130x115 mm; Mass of 0.97 kg.
DC Calls.DC Calls are designed for acoustic signaling of fuses, arrow control and other targets in SCB devices and communication.
Electrical characteristics of calls are shown below:

Each call has a brandy condenser included in parallel discontinuous contact.
A call with a working voltage of 3 V begins to call at a voltage of 1.5 V. The power of the sound created by the DC calls is not less than 60 dB. Calls must be operated at air temperature from 1 to 40 ° C. Call diameter 80 mm; height 50 mm; Mass of 0.26 kg.

Technology for servicing devices of transition alarm and auto germination

To perform technological processes, when servicing devices of transition alarm and auto germinations, it is necessary to have an ampervoltmeter C4380, various kinds of tools and materials. The action of automation devices should be checked both when the train pass through the move and when turning on the control panel. In areas with a large interval of train movements, the automation devices can be included with the rotation of the rail area of \u200b\u200bthe approximation during the absence of trains.
The action of automation devices on the move check the electromechanics and the electrician 1 time in two weeks. At the same time check: the state and adjustment of the collector contacts and the brushes of the electric motor; electric motor current when working for friction; the interaction of the parts of the electric drive when opening and closing the barrier; the presence of a lubricant substance of rubbing parts of the electric drive; serviceability of sound signals; visibility of lights of transfers and lamps on the bars; The frequency of blinking lights of moving traffic lights; closing and opening barriers with control panel; Contact Spring Status and Drive Mounting.
In the electric drive they check the gearbox, the auto turnover, the contact block, installation, friction and amortization clutch. Internal test of electric drive with cleaning and lubrication should be made with closed barriers. To exclude the lift of the BRUSEV, it is recommended for the time of testing between work contacts through which the electric motor is turned on, put a thin insulating plate.
Sound signals are checked during the operation of the transition alarm. With auto and electroshoskbahbaums, calls on masts of moving traffic lights should start calling simultaneously with the inclusion of a light alarm and turn off when the barrier ram falls into the horizontal position and open the contacts of the electric drive included in the call chain. With a traffic lighting alarm without barriers, calls must call until the trail is completely released by the train. When pulsed mode, calls must operate with a number (40 ± 2) inclusions per minute.
The electromechanic must check the action of all buttons installed on the panel, except for the button "Turning on the bar". During the test, the duty on the crossing presses and pulls the buttons, and the electromechanics watches the operation of the devices, paying particular attention to those buttons that do not use duty in normal conditions.
The "Closure" button is tested in the absence of trains on the approximation site. From clicking the "Closing" button, a traffic light and sound alarm system should be switched on and closed barriers. When pulling the "Closing" button, the alarm must turn off, and the barriers are open.
The state of the instruments and installation of sound and light alarms, as well as the electric drive of the barrier with a complete disassembly to individual nodes check the electromechanics in conjunction with the electrician once a year.
After disassembly of the electric drive, the inner part of the housing is purified from rust with a metal brush; Separately check all the characteristics of the electric motor, and if necessary, the electric drive is handed over to remote workshops. When checking the devices and mounting sound and light alarms, determine the status of calls with the opening of the entrance to them. Perform an internal and external check of the state of the heads of moving traffic lights, lanterns of barrier bars of barriers.
Once a year, the senior electromechanics together with the electromechanics carefully check the action of automation devices on the move and determine the need to replace individual nodes.

The intersection places in the same level of railways with automotive are called railway crossings. Moving serve to improve traffic safety and equipped with enclosing devices.

Depending on the intensity of movement of trains on the move, enclosures are used in the form of an automatic light alarm, automatic translating alarm with automatic barriers. Railway crossings can be equipped with automatic traffic lighting devices can be protected (serviced by a duty officer), and unguarded (maintained by a duty officer). In this course project, moving is protected, with automatic barriers with a length of a bar of 6 meters. Mercing traffic lights apply type II-69. On the mast of the moving traffic lights placed an electrical call of the type ZPT-24. The data of traffic lights are used LED heads, with a supply voltage of 11.5 V.

The transition control circuit on a single section with numeric code automotive contact includes the following relays: 1st. 2nd pulse travel relays are used to fix the freeness of employment block-section, and - a general repeater of pulse travel relays, a DP- additional way relay, di additional pulse, IP approximation notifier (see Leaf 9.1), IP1, 1IP, PIP Replacement Repeators , N - direction relay, 1H, 2N - direction relay repeaters, in - including relays, CT - control thermal relay, 1T, 2T -Transmitter relays, 1pt, 2PT- repeaters of the direction relay, K-test relay, f, z - signal Relay, z1 - Repeller repeater, 1c - relay counter, B - blocking relay, NPC - the notes of the approximation with an unidentified direction of movement, b1zh, b1z - blocking relays.

The state of the circuit corresponds to a given odd direction of movement, the free section of the approximation, and open moving.

Within the block - a plot on which the relocation is located, two rail chains 3P, 3P, in which, at a given odd direction of movement, the supply is the end 1P, and relay 2P, relay and - the pulsed path of the IL-HERB is the germ. With a free state of the block portion, the rail chain 3P from the traffic light 4 through contact 1T is encoded by the code, the digitization of the traffic light is determined by the signal reading 1. On the crossing in the incoming code mode, relays 2 and, as well as its repeaters 1T, I. through contact of the total pulse repeater The relay (relay and), the BS decoder is turned on, on the output chains of which the signal relays are triggered, z, z, z1, depending on the testimony of ahead of the traffic light. Through frontal contacts of the relay, zh1, the normal contact of the relay H is triggered by the relay 1pt (direction relay repeater). Relay 1T working in a pulse mode, switches its contact in the relay chain 1, which, in turn, be broadcasting codes into the rail chain 3P.

When the train arrives at the removal section, the rebound alarm is included in two sections of the approximation. From this point on, the traffic lights 3 de-energizes the IP Relays. Releasing anchor This relay changes the polarity of the current with a straight line to the RELALE RELAER circuit on moving. Exciting reverse polarity current, this relay switches polarized anchor, de-energizing a 1IP relay on moving. After de-energization of the relay, the 1IP turns off the PP1 relay. IP1 turns off the relay in, there is a closure of the move. When the train arrives at the section 3P, the Light 2, the pulse operation of the relay 2nd is stopped, the BS decoder is turned off, it is de-energized, it turns off its repeater W1, and the relay w1 dealers in turn. On the crossing is de-energized by the relay of the PIP contacts of the repeater of the signal relay W1, and the PIP relay dealers the PIP relay. At the same time, at the Light 3 through the rear contact of the relay, the OI relay is triggered, which triggered prepares the ring circuit of the rail chain 3P, after the removable train. Code transmission CZH Following the removable train occurs since the full proceeds of the traffic transmission 3. When the train arrives at the site 3P, the counting scheme is activated on the crossing, the current of the relay 1C, B1ZH, B1Z, B.

The first operates the relay counter 1C, by chains: front contacts Relay Nip, 1N, K, F, and rear contacts Relay 1IP, PIP.

After the 1c relay worked, it prepares the switching circuit of the relay B1ZH, B1Z, they work only after the train entry into the site 3P. When the train arrives at 3P, the operation of the pulse relay is stopped: 2nd, the general repeater and, and the transmitter relay 1t, the decoder stops. The decoder turns off the relay, s, relay turns off 1pt and K, the contact relay is turned off the NIP relay. From the moment of the full release of the site 3P on the move from the pulses of the CZ code coming from the traffic light 3, the relay 1 and di starts to work. It rises under the current DP relay, and the front-line contact in the power supply circuit of the relay 1 IP is closed. 1IP rises under the current. After the train fully releases the plot 3P, the diagram of blocking relays is triggered. 1IP rises under the current, and de-energizes its front-line power supply circuit 1c relay.

The relay counter 1C has a slowdown on the disappearance, due to this, the charge circuit of BK2 capacitors, and BK3, as well as the excitation chain of the B1B relay circuit.

After that, the B1zh relay rises under the current. After the 1c relay counter is de-energized, the charge circuit of BK2 capacitors is broken, BK3. The front-line contact of the B1B relay and through the rear axle closes the excitation chain b, and the charge of the BK1 condenser. Relay B opens the power supply circuit B1zh. After some slow down, the B1B relay will be de-energized and turn off the relay B. After the discharge of the BK1 capacitor, the relay B releases an anchor and again closes the excitation chain of the relay B1Zh.

The operation of blocking relays B1S, and B begins after the full release of the site 3P, from that moment on the traffic light 4 to the Rail chain 3P, the CZ code is started, the relay 2nd starts working on the KZ code mode, the general repeller works further, and then the decoder is turned on, Under the current relay w, z1, 1pt relay. The charge circuit of the BK4 capacity, BK3, passing through front-line z1, rear s, and front-line 1pt, DP, B1Z, work relay B1Z and B.

B1zh will be de-energized due to the discharge of the capacity of BK3, BK2. The operation of blocking relays continues until the second removal section is completely released.

In case of violation of the estimated train time on the second removal section, the operation of the relay B1ZH, B1Z, B, the contact relay B is turned off by the NPC, the NPP relay turns off the PP1 relay, the relocation remains closed, the moving will open only when the train from the traffic light is removed for two block plots.

"... Automatic traffic lighting alarm - a system of translating alarm, in which the passage of vehicles through the move is regulated by special transfers with two red alternately flashing signals (lights), included automatically when the train is approached by the distance, providing advance exemption by vehicles, and turns off Automatically after the prey of the train ... "

A source:

"Instructions for the operation of railway crossings of the MPS of Russia" (utensils. MPS RF 06/29/1998 N CP-566)

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  Universal Additional Practical Dictionary I. Mostitsky

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  Counterintelligence dictionary

• - Signal system, as well as devices and devices for feeding them ...

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  Ecological Dictionary

• - It serves to permit or prohibit the drivers of auto-manpiece and manpiece T-Ta to move journal. way. The greatest distribution in the USSR and abroad received optical alarm with flashing lights ...
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  Technical Railway Dictionary

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  Technical Railway Dictionary

• - transformation of information on the progress of the controlled process or on the status of the observation object to the signal, usually light or sound; Signal transmission process ...

  Natural science. encyclopedic Dictionary

• - Any behavior with which one animal affects the organs of the other animal in such a way as to change the behavior of this animal ...

  Big psychological encyclopedia

• - "..." Automatic locomotive alarm system "- a set of devices for transmission to the cabinet drive signals of road traffic lights, to which the high-speed rail rolling stock is approaching; .....

  Official terminology

• - "... An unregulated moving traffic lighting alarm - constantly included alarm system, independent of the approach of railway compositions to moving ..." Source: "SNiP 2.05.07-91 * ...

  Official terminology

• - "... - a device of the dependence between the translated alarm and special traffic lights used as barrier ...

  Official terminology

• - "... Poloreligulized Move Lighting Alarm is a traffic lighting alarm, included in the occupation of the constraint of the resistance, on which the movement is located ..." Source: "SNiP 2.05.07-91 * ...

  Official terminology

• - Converting information on the progress of the controlled process or state of the controlled object into the signal, convenient for the perception of a person ...

  Great Soviet Encyclopedia

• - Keb-signaling, ...

  Ply. Apart. Through a hyphen. Dictionary dictionary

• - ...

  Orphographic Dictionary

"Automatic traffic light alarm" in books

Game alarm