Separation of input words. Separation of introductory words on received comma

Hello. Do you need to put a comma after "for the prevalence of information," "on the pre wintenment data,"? "For the preliminary information, seven children suffered as a result of the accident."


	Question number 294361.

Hello! Tell me, please, whether the comma is needed in this sentence: according to the predental agreement (,) the car with a volume of 120m3 should be filled in full.

Russian reference service response

The formulation of this semicolon is optional.


	Question number 292392.

Hello! Please tell me if the introductory combinations "according to" are always isolated with the date, month and year, for example: according to January-March 2017; According to January 1, 2017; According to the fourth quarter of 2016. Why do I ask such a question? Yes, because in the media, the comma is placed 50/50. How correct? Thank you.

Russian reference service response

BYData / information (whom, whose),in the composition of the introductory combination

Introductory combinations "According to (anyone, anyone, anyone)", "According to information (anyone, anyone, anyone)", as well as the introductory combinations "according to the available / unofficial / preliminary. .. data "," According to the available / unofficial / preliminary ... information "are isolated. Details on punctuation under introductory words and combinations, see Appendix. 2.

Let me, Andrei Ivanovich, in Moscow, according to last census, more than two million inhabitants?I. Ilf, E. Petrov, twelve chairs. According to commandatura, Surname Captain - Nikolaev, Lieutenant - Seretsov. V. Bogomolov, the moment of truth. Met Speransky. Says that, according to information "Russian Vedomosti", German Commission is going to Petersburg ...I. Bunin, the popy days. According to the available dataIn the depths of his defense there are regrouping.E. Kazakevich, Star. Military commissar ... added that, according to the preliminary dataFor the first hour after the radio on the beginning of the war, thousands of applications from volunteers received thousands of statements in the military registration and enlistment office.. A. Chokovsky, blockade. According to available information, Germany at three o'clock in the morning declared general mobilization.L. Sobolev, overhaul.

! Do not mix With the use of members of the sentence.

The name itself spoke about their plans - to reset us into the sea. According to Intelligence We knew about it.L. Brezhnev, Small Earth. According to information About the rebel college assessor Kyhehelbecker who served on the highest command of the rebel that his sister in marriage is behind Smolensky landowner Glotka ...Yu. Tynyanov, Kuhl.


	Question number 281101.

"According to the preliminary estimate (,) ...". Do you need a comma if the turnover at the beginning of the sentence?

Russian reference service response

Yes, the comma needs to be put.


	Question number 281025.

Do you need a comma after "for the preliminary version"?
At the preliminary version, the fire flashed due to careless handling

Russian reference service response

Yes, the comma is needed.

Primary, clarification finally, in what cases "government" is written from capital and lowercase letters?
This, for example, the offer is right? "According to the preliminary calculations in the government ...".

Russian reference service response

Recommendations of linguists are as follows. Governmentwriting from a capital letter as the first word of the official name of the executive authority in the Russian Federation (as well as in the republics - subjects of the Russian Federation): Government of the Russian Federation, Government of the Republic of Dagestan, Government of the Udmurt Republic.But: the Government of Moscow, the Government of St. Peterbug, the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region.True, in practice in official documents, the Word Governmentit is written with capital regardless of the government of which subject of the federation is in question.

With informal use (for example, in the newspaper article), writing with the line (unless, of course, this is not the publication of the official document).


	Question number 268204.

Does the phrase "for the prevpend information" require that the offer is discussed? Or please, please link to similar cases in the Reference Bureau.

Russian reference service response

Yes, the comma is put. Sounds can be found on the keyword "information", "information", "data" and others.


	Question number 257522.

Good day. It is very interesting to know which sense is hidden in the phraseology "Movement right begins with the left leg"? Thank you in advance for your response.

Russian reference service response

These are the words of Alexander Galich from the poem "Waltz dedicated to the Charter of the guard service" ("generation of doomed"). Words are understandable in the context of the poem:

Oh, the cloudy charm of the charter -
And in a dream, forget not Mahi,
What any movement right
Starts with the left leg.
And then in multicolored stripes
We brought the guards to become,
And married different paars
To make all the crew.

And on the square of Red, Caly,
We stepped - with glory on "You", -
I smiled with us from Mausoleum,
And the guard challenged flowers.
Oh, how a step we printed Bravo,
How easy we forgred debts! ..
Forgetting that the movement right
Starts with the left leg.

And quotes from the Charter:

The movement of the raised step begins on the team "Building a step ─ march" (in the movement "stroke ─ march"), and the movement by a hiking step ─ on the team "Step ─ March". At the preliminary team, send a body a little forward, move the severity of it more on the right leg, while maintaining stability; According to the executive team, start moving from the left foot full of step.

Turns in motion are performed by teams: "Narra-in", "Nalea-V", "circle ─ march." To turn to the right (left), the executive team is submitted simultaneously with the decree of the Earth with the right (left) leg. According to this team, with the left (right) leg, take a step, turn on the left (right) foot to wear, simultaneously with the turn to endure the right (left) leg ahead and continue moving in a new direction.


	Question number 242307.

Tell me, please, you can say so: "Estimated cost"? It seems to me that you just need a "estimate". Is I right? The proposal itself is written like this: "According to the predental calculations, the estimate cost will be ..."
And yet, can the equipment be morally and physically obsolete, or should I write something one?
Very urgently waiting for an answer! Thank you!

Russian reference service response

Right: estimated cost, moral and physically outdated equipment.


	Question No. 233334.

Hello. Do you need to allocate commas the following expressions: for the preliminary version, at first glance? Thank you.

Russian reference service response

The words _ according to the preliminary version_ are isolated. On the words _ one glance_, see the answer number.


	Question number 216765.

Do you need any sign after the words "experienced specialists"? Experienced specialists doctors dermatologists are receiving at the preventive record.

Russian reference service response

Correctly: _Artic specialists - Dermatologists are receiving at the preventive record.


	Question number 216542.

On the weekend for the prevail. Is punctuation true? Thank you.

Russian reference service response

A context requires an accurate answer. Without context, the proposed spelling is also possible, and with a dash after the word _Viga).


	Question number 213166.

According to the preventative data () in 2006, 804 thousand square meters of housing were introduced in Kuzbass.

Russian reference service response

After the word _name_ requires a comma.


	Question number 211874.

For the preventive conclusion, the cause of the fire is a short circuit. Is the introductory to the preventive conclusion? Thank you.

Russian reference service response

Yes, these words can be viewed as introductory, which indicate the value of the message source and are allocated with commas.

The verbs, names and adverbs in the sentence can act as in the function of introductory words that are somehow grammatically, lexically, intonation - express the attitude of the speaker to what he reports.

Compare two suggestions:

This question, it seemed Difficult guest.

Face his it seemedcalm.

And in that and in another example, the word is used it seemed But only in the second case, this word is part of the membership members: there it is part of the composite nominal faith.

In the first example, the word it seemed It serves only to express the relationship of the speaker to what he reports. Such words are called introductory; They are not members of the sentence and can easily be missed, for example: This question ... hoping a guest. Note that in the second sentence to skip the word it seemed It is impossible.

Compare a few more examples in the table:

Capture with you by the wayOur books.
This phrase, by the way, I reminded me one old joke.

These words are said by the way.

This phrase was told by the way.

The words allocated by commas can be removed from the proposal without destroying its meaning.

By the way, by the way, you can ask a question from the first sentence as?
By the phrase, by the way, you can put a question when?

Many words can be used as introductory. But there is a group of words that never enter the introductory. Read two suggestions:

This year, will obviously, there will be a good harvest;
This year will certainly be a good harvest.

The first sentence uses the word obvious, in the second - be sure to . Although these words are very close, allocated with commas and is the introductory only the word from the first sentence. The words presented below must be remembered: they are very similar to the introductory, but they are not and commas do not stand out:

Aver, as if, suddenly, because, it is unlikely that, after all, even exactly, as if, just, necessarily, always, almost, only allegedly.

Introductory words can transmit five different types of values:

Most often with the help of introductory words, speaking reports different degree of confidence In what he reports. For example: You will undoubtedly pass the examor You seem to do more.This group includes words:

Of course, of course, undoubtedly, undoubtedly, no doubt, of course, it really seems probably perhaps perhaps.

Introductory words can also transmit feelings and attitudes talking about what he reports. For example: You, unfortunately, passed the exam is not very good.

Fortunately, unfortunately, to surprise, unfortunately.

Sometimes introductory words indicate on the sourse of informationreported saying. Introductory phrases in this case begin with words according to the report, according to, according to. For example: You, in the opinion of doctors, you need to interrupt workouts for a while.

The source of the message may also be speaking (in my opinion, in my opinion) or a source may be uncertain (they say, heard). For example: You say, you have to interrupt workouts.

According to the report, according to, according to rumors, they say, in my opinion, in my opinion, in your opinion.

Introductory words are also used for streamlining thoughts and instructions of their connection among themselves. For example: First, this communion was formed from the verb of the perfect species; Secondly, it has dependent words. Therefore, it must have two letters of N.

First, secondly, thirdly, finally, therefore, so, on the contrary, for example, on the contrary.

There are also suggestions where impoverished words indicate on the method for making thoughts. For example: In short, everything went well.

In other words, in one word, it is better to say, to put it mildly.

The introductory also includes words serving to attract attention Interlocutor:

You know (know), you understand (understand), listen (Listen), you see (see) and others.

These same values \u200b\u200bcan be expressed not only by introductory words, but also similar predicative designs (input offers). Compare: Snowfall probably will soon end and Snowfall, I think it will end soon. In addition to commas, brackets or dash can be used to highlight introductory proposals. This is done in the case when the introductory design is very common and contains additional comments or explanations. For example:

So we pass through our village, this will be - How to tell you, do not lie -fifteen years old. (Turgenev)
Alexei (the reader has already recognized him) Meanwhile, she stared at the young peasant. (Pushkin)

The rule of separation of input words and proposals has several very important notes.

If the union is a union and or but, then the comma between the introductory word and the union is not always placed. Compare a couple of offers:
The doctor finished reception, but of course, Heavy patient will look.
He gave the floor and consequently, Must keep it.

Introductory word can be rearranged or removed without a union only in the first case, therefore a comma needed between the introductory word and the union. In the second sentence it is impossible to do this, which means that the comma does not work.

Very often, difficulties arise in sentences with words, however finally. The word however is allocated only if it cannot be replaced by the Union, but. Compare two suggestions:
but We understand that this figure is still low.(However \u003d but) . Until, but,we have no clear picture of what is happening.(However - the introductory word) .

The word is finally introductable only in the case when it does not have a spatial or time value, but indicates the order of thoughts. For example:
I hope that in the near future this project finallywill be implemented. AND, finally, The last thing I would like to pay attention to.

Introductory words can start a separate design, for example, clarifying turnover. At the same time, the comma after the introductory word is not put (in other words, the comma, which was supposed to "close" the introductory word, is transferred to the end of a separate turnover).

I saw, more precisely felt that she was not indifferent to me.

In addition, the comma does not put in front of the introductory word, located at the end of a separate turnover.

For the holidays, we decided to go somewhere in Kolomna for example.

If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate design, it is allocated by commas on a general basis.

I decided to explain in love, feeling seems to be the heart that she is not indifferent to me.

If the introductory words are located before turnover, beginning with the words "as" or "so that" they are allocated with commas.

The last day seemed to her meaningless in fact, Like a whole life.
He wondered for a moment probably, To find the necessary words.

The exercise

Portraits hung_ opposite the mirror.
On the contrary, he did not even change in his face.
On the one hand_ I fully agree with you.
On the one hand, a double-headed eagle was depicted on the coin.
True_ always better lies.
I_ Pravda_ was somewhat surprised by this news.
Spring_ It is possible_ flood.
Spring_ It is possible_ will flood.
Already everything in our city_ speaks about it.
In Greece_ speak_ everything is there.
Maybe you ignored to put it so for the beauty of the syllable? (Gogol).
According to weather forecasters_ next week there will be cooling.
As scientists say_ will be expecting global warming.
The train departs in an hour. Therefore, we need to leave the house.
Fortunately, Pechorin was immersed in thoughtfulness (Lermontov).
We gathered here_ first_ in order to resolve the issue of work.
He shoot_ glory to God_ I didn't want to try ... (Pushkin).
Of course: you have more than once seen the county young album (Pushkin).
You_ in one word_ easily separated.
So_ now we can conclude.
You do not bother me at all, "he objected," I will ask himself to shoot, A_ however, as you like; Your shot is yours; I am always ready at your service (Pushkin).
She suffered a very long time after separation, but_ as it is known, time treats any wounds.
Wind_ however_ was strong.
Fedya brought flowers_th_ Masha did not like it.
Strong, however. The warm wind blended into the window.
Good education_ As you know, it turns out in the guesthouses (Gogol).
However, there are different improvements and changes in the methods ... (Gogol).
You_ must certainly come to us.
I took from the table_ as I now remember the Chervonny Ace and threw up (Lermontov).
However, he himself did not like to talk about his service field; In war, he_ seems to be not (Turgenev).
Wheel_ You know if you are all the time to live locked (Gogol).
Probably_ he was a sense man and wanted to pay this for good appeal.
You_ osoba_ should have come to him in the office and report on the trip.
Yes, I confess: I thought so so.
I_, after all, I decided to do in my own way.
Ivan Petrovich_ You know Lee_ was an unusual man.
Nobody to it_ is of course_ not traveled (Turgenev).
Gleb_ As far as I knew_ well studied in the Bryansk gymnasium (Powesta).
But maybe the reader has already bored to sit with me at the Ovsyannikov's monodvor, and therefore I am eloquently silent (Turgenev).
My parish. I could notice it. I first embarrassed guests somewhat.
However, the political process began to develop another way.
In the past, I was hurried to inform you that this problem was finally I managed to solve.
Experiments of transformations, around us former, had no doubt about the strong impact on the thoughts of most people, they are engaged in (M. M. Speransky).
A group of border guards led by an officer headed for violators with the intention as it would be. Earlier, to fill a protest and demand that they leave the territory.
Refinement of the agreement will occupy_ apparently: a few more months.
Second_ in the field of international tourism a lot of abuse.
However, if you remain committed to the spirit and the letter of this document, otherwise and could not be.
We all know well, and here everyone knows well that in Western, or_, as they say in the second front, about 1.5 million allies troops were focused and somewhere 560 thousand German troops.
This modest, symbolic gesture_ it seems to me: a deep sense is performed.
Fortunately, the examples mentioned above are an exception, not a rule.
Increased value of baggage_ may be referred to on certain types of items.
The base of SMU_ is obvious: when the mind begins to recognize the price of freedom, he will notice with negligence all the children's_, so to speak_ toys, which he was playing in his infancy (M. M. Speransky).
True_, he spoke politely, did not force anything, and I remember, it was the impression that he was looking at all of these charges.
But in our case_ True_ quickly came out, and we were soon released.

According to the definition, introductory words are not members of the proposal (it is impossible to ask them from members of the sentence, and they can be removed from the proposal without disturbing its structure) and express the attitude of the speaker to be said, that is, subjective measurement is introduced. So, the offer Tomorrow will be good weather describes the fact of objective reality. BUT Probably tomorrow will be good weather or Fortunately, tomorrow will be good weather Express subjective attitude to this reality.

Difficulty 1. Lack of strict introductivity criteria

The first difficulty of studying the introductory words is that they need to be just remembered. Criteria for distinguishing such words are not universal and applicable not always. So, we say that it is impossible to ask questions from members of the sentence. But it is impossible to ask it to the service parts of speech - alliances, particles. We say that the introductory words can be removed from the proposal without violating its structure. But from the sentence you can remove a lot of unnecessary words about which the practical stylistics tells.

In addition, sometimes, contrary to the definition, introductory words become a structural element of the proposal: He will come, but canand no. (Wed: He will come, but not.)And in some cases even play the role of a significant element of the sentence, which is not allocated by commas: If a according to the manufacturer The car should pass a heavy off-road, then in practice he hardly drives to the sidewalk.

Difficulty 2. Indiscover of introductory proposals

Some proofreaders do not know about the existence of introductory proposals. They can be single ( Buran , it seemed , still raging) twisted ( I think , she will like this gift) and common ( These dogs , if I am not mistaken, occur from the dock).

Especially many errors are associated with introductory proposals indicating the source of the message: (as) i noticed, he said, added, promised someone. Budget, the minister said, will be adopted on time. Proposals of this type do not require quotes and dash formations as with direct speech.

Especially many such structures in news materials. And the news editors arise difficulties with punctuation. Intuitively understand that if there are such proposals as direct speech, then a small news note will be twisted with quotes, and this is ugly. Therefore, they choose a strange hybrid version: quotes do not put, but they leave the comma and dash from direct speech. And this is an obvious error. You can not write Budget, - said the minister, - will be adopted on time.

Difficulty 3. Inspection of introductory proposals and plug-in structures

Introduction proposals are often confused with plug-in structures. Common introductory proposals (especially questioning and exclamation), as well as inserted structures, can stand out on both sides by dash or brackets. But in contrast to the introductory, plug-in designs are not expressed related to the said, but report additional information. Compare: It - Can you imagine? - Already a week is removed in the militant(introductory offer) and We were well fed, but water – not drinking, but for washing– It was not enough(plug-in design) .

Difficulty 4. Pseudo-water words

Some words are never introductory, but they are often confused with the introductory and allocate commas. Such words also need to remember. The list is in textbooks.

Remember pseudo-water words: maybe, as if, literally, in addition, to top it off, suddenly, after all, ultimately, so, it is unlikely that, yet, still, still, even, hardly, it is as if as if However, in no way, just, in the same way, in fact, according to the plan, truly, at the same time, by experience, by decree, on the proposal, by order, by decision, by tradition, positively, almost approximately Moreover, decisively, as if, nevertheless, alleged dr.

Difficulty 5. Chameleon Words

Some words, depending on the context, are introductory, then not introductory: unions, particles, members of the proposal (usually led by or circumstances) or interjections. Also, which are used only as the introductory and are always isolated, very little ( eg, first, in my opinionand some dr.). The introduction itself is only a function that all parts of speech can perform. Introductory words refer to the parts of speech as the leakage refers to the verb. Compare: Director , may be, in his office(introductory offer) and The director may be in his office(predicate).

Below are words with a similar meaning. It seems that they all point to the source of the message, but at the same time some of them are introductory, and others are not. This once again proves that the introductory words need to be checked according to dictionaries and reference books - to discover logic in this matter is difficult. So, examples of introductory and non-inner words that can be confused.

ACCORDING TO

Input If indicates a person or organization.

According to your version, You arrived in the morning.

Not introductoryif: does not indicate a person or organization; stands after the defined word.

By the most common version This is ancient Russian and hard.

The most influential women according to Forbs. .

For memories

Enterprise

According to the memories of Panova, She really helped the old guide in Moscow.

ACCORDING TO

Enterprise

According to our data, The event will not take place.

ACCORDING TO THE DOCUMENTS

Not introductory

According to the documents She was from Omsk.

By conclusion

Enterprise

On the conclusion of the Commission Quality complies with standards.

ACCORDING TO LAW

Not introductory

According to law Spouses have equal rights.

According to Remark

Enterprise

According to the remark of the head, work is done well.

According to the plan

Not introductory

According to the writer This story was to open the cycle.

According to the application

Enterprise

According to the editor, The magazine will leave monthly.

Not introductoryif a means in accordance with.

The contract is terminated according to the application One of the sides.

IN THEORY

Inputif means it seems.

Not introductoryif a means according to the plan.

According to her idea We decided to arrange the ball.

ACCORDING TO INFORMATION

Enterprise

According to my information, This is one of the most popular sites.

ACCORDING TO THE LEGEND

Enterprise

According to

Enterprise

According to doctors, Pouring is useful for health.

By custom

Not introductory

By custom All family members gathered for the wedding.

By rule

Not introductory

By rule Introductory words are allocated by commas.

ACCORDING TO LEGEND

Enterprise

According to legend, Jesus survived to 33 years.

BY THE PROPOSAL

Not introductory

At the suggestion of Ilya All went to the forest.

By assumption

Enterprise

According to his assumption, The forest should be river .

By prediction

Enterprise

On the prediction of the fortunelock, He had to urgently leave.

According to the submission

Enterprise

Not like that , according to their ideas, Must be a classic.

By order

Not introductory

By order of the commander Soldiers became commission.

According to forecasts

Inputif indicates the message source.

According to weather forecasters, Winter will be cold.

Not introductoryin the absence of dependent words.

According to forecasts winter will be cold.

By decision

Not introductory

By the tribunal's decision The accused was justified.

According to rumors

Enterprise

According to rumors, Gasoline will rise in price.

BY ADVICE

Not introductory

According to the Council, Mom She took warm things with them.

According to statistics

Enterprise

According to statistics, Women buy more shoes than men.

According to the scenario

Not introductory

According to the scenario It is necessary to remove snow.

TRADITIONALLY

Not introductory

On the walls of the Lyubovsky Cabinet traditionally Moscow celebrities ranked.

By conviction

Enterprise

According to his conviction, A man must earn more.

Difficulty 6. Inability to use reference books

In difficult cases, we appeal to the "Dictionary of Introduction Words" and "Punctuation Directory" onGramota. Ru . In this, some of the proofreaders do not know how to read them. For example, in the directory it is written that the introductory word but It has a particle or union howeverand particles yet. But this does not mean that however and yet You need to allocate commas. Do not confuse the value of the introductory word and the input word itself. Their writing is subordinate to different rules.

Difficulty 7. Words with a special punctuation

There are introductory and not introductory words with a special punctuation that create the greatest difficulties for writing: on the one hand ... On the other hand, finally, in the end, in turn, from the point of view, rather, on the contrary / and vice versa, of course / of course, at least, in addition to this / this, in addition to the / this and etc.

We give just one example. So, the combination of the union and adverb and vice versa may be replaced by a member of the sentence or a whole sentence. In the first case, it does not stand out by commas ( Ranevskaya passes from tears to laughter and vice versa. That is, from laughter to tears), and in the second - stand out ( The closer the light source, the brighter the light emitted by them, and vice versa.The complex offer is replaced The further the light source, the dull light emitted by them).

But at the end of the pressing offer and vice versathe comma is not allocated, even if it replaces the supplies: This explains why the criminal considered criminal in the ancient world is considered legitimate in the new and vice versa(replacement offer Why is considered legitimate in the new world considered criminal in ancient).

At the same time, it is also necessary to distinguish the combination of the union and adverb and vice versa from the combination of the Union and and input words on the contraryAllocated by commas as a general rule: He discarded unnecessary details and, on the contrary, stopped the attention on the details of useful.

Reference books often give disgraceful recommendations about such words. What to do? Search for a golden middle, analyzing the rules and examples from "hard cases of punctuation" and "Directory on spelling and literary editing" D. E. Rosental, "Dictionary of Introductory Words" and "Punctuation Directory" onGramota. Ru . At the same time, you need to focus on general trends, and not on the author's punctuation. And ignore the note "rarely introductory", "sometimes introductory", "Introductory, if you wish the author, something there to emphasize" and they are similar, otherwise you have a porridge porridge formed in your head.

Difficulty 8. Complex rules of punctuation

Some rules of punctuation practices are difficult to understand. Everything is simple at first glance, which does not comply with almost no one, even proofreaders with experience: at the beginning and at the end of a separate turnover, the introductory word is not separated from him with commas. Animals , eg Cats are clearly seen in the dark. Cats are well seen in the dark, in truthsurpassing its owners.

Apparently, people are hard to understand what is a separate turn. Explain in a nutshell. In the spacious, all separable revisions are called clarification, bearing in mind a part of the proposal, which is pronounced with a special intonation. But such an approximate presentation is not enough to arrange the punctuation marks correctly.

First of all, you need to remember that it includes involved and particle inclusive turns. Next should be taken into account that separate revs are divided into clarifying, explanatory and connecting. (We will not describe here other cases of separation of membership members - this is a whole section of the textbook that can be found on your own.)

What is the clarification differ from the explanation? Clarification is the narrowing of the scope, and the explanation is the same in other words. Pink, colors of dawn, clouds -explanation (pink - what are these? Colors of dawn. Colors of dawn - What are these? Pink) . I will come in the evening, seven hours - clarification (seven - one of the o'clock in the evening. But I will come tomorrow at seven in the afternoon - Not clarification. Concepts tomorrow and evening are not connected).

Most of the connecting structures can be identified by the unions that are injected. For example, if you see the Union yes I.In 90% of cases, we are talking about an attachment that is released. In 10% of cases yes I. Synonymized by the Union and.

No need to confuse a separate turnover with the pressing offer. In the apparent - even at the beginning, at least at the end - the introductory word is allocated with commas on both sides: It was heard, for example, how creaks wicket.

Special difficulties cause cases of intonation extraction, not supported by the structural argument. Compare: (1) For aromatization use dried leaves and flowers , eg Bergamot, Jasmine, Mint.(2) For aromatization use dried leaves and flowers, for example, bergamot, jasmine, mint.(3) For aromatization use dried leaves and flowers, such as bergamot, jasmine, mint. In the first case, we are dealing with an obvious refinement. In the second sentence it is not (if you remove the introductory word, the commas will not remain). And the third sentence raises questions. From the point of view of the structure of the clarifying turnover, there is no, but the introductory word can create it. Compare: Cat Meaukala must be from hunger. Cat Meaukala must be from hunger.The same picture can be observed in the case of inhomogeneous definitions: It was gray it seemsdomestic cat. It was gray , it seemshomemade cat(Here the introductory word itself creates a separate turnover).

It should also be taken into account that the rule on the incommittance of the introductory word from a separate turnover is valid only when the turnover itself is highlighted with commas, not a dash or brackets. Compare: Animals , eg Cats are clearly seen in the dark. Animals - eg, Cats are good see in the dark. Animals (eg, Cats) are clearly seen in the dark.

The rule under consideration does not apply to comparative revolutions with the Union as (Cats , however, Like other animals, see well in the dark) and target turns with to (Cats need good eyesight , probably, To hunt in the dark).

Difficulty 9. Conflict of old and new standards

The difficulty is that the essence of this conflict is not formulated in textbooks and reference books. Special editions simply contradict each other, and to find out the nature of the disagreement to the correctors of themselves. Contradictions are observed between the lifetime (until 1994) and the posthumous publications of D. E. Rosental, supplemented by some modern standards, as well as between the classical works of Matra and fresh academic directories. Although there are not a lot of discrepancies. Let us dwell on those concerning the introductory words.

BUT. According to the retail, if the introductory word turns out between homogeneous definitions, bent or proposals in the composition of complex, ambiguity arises, because it is not clear to which part of the sentence (right or left) it applies. Eliminate ambiguity can be eliminated by punctuation.

Cat broke a vase - it must be chasing the mouse (in the position "Introductory word between homogeneous faith" is set as an additional sign) .

Crashed vase , – must be Cat chased behind the mouse(in the position "The introductory word between proposals in the complex" after the comma is rated as an additional sign) .

And in accordance with the latest trend of the ambiguity, which Rosenthal says, no, since usually the introductory word is at the beginning, and not at the end of the design, to which it relates, so it is allocated with commas on both sides.

Cat broke a vase must be Chasing for the mouse.

Crashed vase must be

Cat broke a vase - must be Chasing for the mouse.

Crashed vase - must be The cat chased behind the mouse.

B.According to Rosentulthe words rather, more precisely, ratherhaving the importance of the introductory, stand out by commas by themselves without forming a refineering turnover. In such cases, it is not about clarification (the narrowing of the scope does not occur), but about homogeneous members who call the subject in different ways. These words have the importance of introductory and in combination with the Union aA V. For Rosentyl it means that - Introductory words that are always allocated by commas (not counting cases in which so - Bunch or verb: Live so dream. That all this so ? ).

If a The city is builtit means The city lives. Calculations were made , and consequentlyand inaccurate.

Difficulty 10. Spaces in existing rules

Not all nuances of the use of input words are described in textbooks. For example, they do not tell us anything about the cases when the introductory word is between the subject and taught, expressed infinitive. Be a cat - probably, To see well in the dark.There is no corresponding ruler, but the analysis of examples in the reference book indicates that the dash still needs to be put.

Hello!
Tell me, please, do you need to put a comma after expressions according to the investigation, according to the available information?
Orphoepic.

Yes, these combinations are isolated as introductory.


	Question number 252984.

Do I need a comma in the sentence: "According to available information, the answer colleague did not receive."

Russian reference service response

You needed the comma.


	Question No. 249544.

Tell me, please, do the words "according to the information available" as introductory? Please answer today.

Russian reference service response

These words should be separated by commas.


	Question No. 236584.

Good day! Thanks for your help. Explain, please, whether they need a comma after the word "ATC", that is, the phrase is introduced in the proposal: "According to the available official information in the region, there are ...

Russian reference service response

The combination indicates the source of the message, so it is properly its separation as an introductory.


	Question number 213604.

Is the proper use of the phrase "Update software to version 5.0"? (This is a replacement of the available version of the program to a new, with advanced features). If not, tell me, please correct option. Thank you.

Russian reference service response

The phrase is correct.


	Question number 209690.

Good day! According to me, I have a comma in signature "with respect, name" is considered redundant from the point of view of the Russian language. Comment, please. Sincerely (,) Mr.Incognito

Russian reference service response

See http://spravka.gramota.ru/blang.html?id\u003d175 ["writing"].


	Question number 205504.

Supplement to the question number 205425. Dear grammar! Unfortunately, I did not quite satisfy your answer to the mentioned question. Maybe I am mistaken, but it seems to me that of your words you can draw the following conclusions: 1. The dash is set together with the comma, if it requires a structure ... part of the sentence "or the first part or the second. 2. The dash is set together with a comma if "it requires a structure ... the most plug-in design. (In the second case.) 3." It often meets the semicolon before the second dash, if the comma stands before the first dash (peculiar "symmetry" of signs) ". That is, it is possible to make such a conclusion: there are cases when a dash is connected to the already available in the text of the semicolon. (The exclusion is" symmetry of signs ".) In other words, as I understand it, in the rule you seeked that" The cohabitation of a comma and dash is a kind of compound "heterogeneous bodies", which, in fact, do not have anything in common among themselves. What you have already reported will be extremely useful for me, and I am pleased with this answer. But I still have some Doubts, sometimes it seems that there is still something to talk about this topic. The fact is that I have examples taken by their artistic texts, in which the alignment of punctuation marks is contrary to the rules called. Some of them have already been given in question No. 205425, but I think it will not be superfluous. For example: "... I learned that Count de Morsser," he wore this name, "he entered the service for Ali Pasha ..." And now let's remove the introductory design from this example. What do you get? That's what: "... I learned that Count de Morser entered the service for Ali Pasha ..." Is it within the delivered proposal "... Count de Morsser entered the service for Ali Pasha ..." have your own commas? It seems to me that they are not. Now insert the introductory design here: "He wore this name", which is isolated by two dashes. According to the rule, it should probably get the following: "... I learned that Count de Morser - he wore this name - he entered the service for Ali Pasha ..." Then where did commas come from in the original version? Here is another example: I was a body, and then - at least it is impossible to comprehend, - the volume went into the volume ... I remove the introductory design, we get: "If I was a body, and then the volume went into the volume ..." commasted inside There is no offer. So, making an introductory design, we must get: "If I was a body, and then - at least it is impossible to comprehend - the volume has entered the volume. .. "But where did the commas come from in the original example? Such proposals could have brought millions. I am very often encountered with them and therefore tried to formulate my own rule. So, I suggested that in some cases (as, for example, in the only What examples) "cohabitation" of the comma and dash is not "conglomerate", but something like "symbiosis". In other words, in these cases, the combination of the comma and dash is like one single sign, with which the introductory structures are separated. This "composite The sign ", I think I could replace in some cases brackets. See, please, on this example:" ... and I hung it (and I was hungry) and resting them ... "So, according to my "Theories", this passage could be replaced by "... And I hung it, - and I was hungry, - and rested with them ..." It is possible to return to the "combined sign" to the bracket: "Mr. D "ORB, - How do you guess, he is also not forgotten, - will be ranting with a scientist to rant ..." My "theory" Allows you to replace this offer on: "Mr. D" ORB (as you guess, he is also not forgotten) will be with a scholars to rage ... "So, I want to say that in some cases a sign," - "is how holistic The sign of punctuation and serves the equivalent of the bracket. Only unlike her, this sign retains more smoothly and when reading text makes it less a long pause than a bracket. Already foresee your objections: "In proposals like:" ... I learned that Count de Morser - he wore this name, - he entered the service for Ali Pasha ... "- you will say, - the introductory design contains its own grammatical The basis, and therefore it should be separated by the comma itself, and the dash is added for the reason that they separate any design, even if it does not have a grammatical basis. At the same time, two rules work simultaneously. " But I can refute it, saying that the introductory structures that have a grammatical foundation are called introductory proposals, and for their separation is sufficiently alone comma. (This fact, I think, no one will challenge.) Here is an example of Dostoevsky: "... At its black eyelashes, the tears of recent fright or the former grief were still brilliant," I don't know. " After all, we could leave here either only a dash or only comma, because In the first case, "I do not know" it would be the conclusion of the first part of the proposal, and in the second, the comma would separately separate the proposal "I do not know." As we see, there would be enough single sign here: or comma, or a dash, but they are used together. According to my "theory", this is the case when a combined sign ", -", which plays the role of brackets. That is, this offer is equivalent to the following: "... In her black eyelashes, the tears of recent fright or former grief (I don't know). So, I ask you, think: Is my theory? Is it possible?", - "Consider as one single Sign? To help you with this, I will give a few more examples. If they do not fit into my "theory" and she is incorrect, then explain to me - I ask you, - how to explain the alignment of punctuation signs in them? 1) No further as yesterday I It tasted, - so clean, - pleasure. 2) If your father hear some hint, - trembling, - God knows what can happen ... 3) Here your friend is, - and his quick temper is known to you - in response These words broke out by the stream of insults ... 4) ... which, - as all of Europe says, - perfectly owns weapons ... 5) ... which you preach, - and I suppose it is not one Empty, ringing words. 6) ... He laughed at me, - God with him! PS If possible, send a response to quickly.

Russian reference service response

According to the rules of the modern Russian language, the comma and dash as a single sign in the separation of plug-in structures is not used. Therefore, the punctuation in the examples given you can explain only the will of the author (or translator).

Compare two suggestions:

This question, it seemed hammer Guest.

Face his it seemedcalm.

And in that and in another example, the word is used it seemed But only in the second case, this word is part of the membership members: there it is part of the composite nominal faith.

Compare a few more examples in the table:

Many words can be used as introductory.
But there is a group of words that never enter the introductory.

Read two suggestions:
This year, will obviously, there will be a good harvest;
This year will certainly be a good harvest.

Commas do not stand out:

Maybe, as if, suddenly, because, it is unlikely, after all, even

It is, as if, just, certainly, be sure, almost only, allegedly.

Introductory words can transmit five different types of values:

Most often with the help of introductory words, speaking reports different
degree of confidence In what he reports.
For example:
You will undoubtedly pass the exam.
or
You seem to do more.
This group includes words:
Of course, of course, undoubtedly, undoubtedly, no doubt, of course, it really seems probably perhaps perhaps.
Introductory words can also transmit
feelings and attitudes talking about what he reports.
For example:
You, unfortunately, passed the exam is not very good.
Fortunately, unfortunately, to surprise, unfortunately.
Sometimes introductory words indicate
to the source of informationreported saying.
Introductory phrases in this case begin with words
According to the report, according to, according to.
For example:
You, in the opinion of doctors, you need to interrupt workouts for a while.

The source of the message may also be speaking himself (in my opinion, in my opinion)
or the source can be uncertain (they say, hear).
For example:
You say, you have to interrupt workouts.

According to the report, according to, according to rumors, they say, heard,
In my opinion, in my opinion, you think.
Introductory words are also used
for streamlining thoughts and instructions of their connection among themselves.
For example:
First, this communion was formed from the verb of the perfect species; Secondly, it has dependent words. Therefore, it must have two letters of N.

First, secondly, thirdly, finally, therefore, it means, so, on the contrary,
For example, on the contrary.
There are also suggestions where impoverished words indicate on the way of making thoughts.
For example: In short, everything went well.

In other words, in one word, it is better to say, to put it mildly.

The introductory also includes words serving to attract attention Interlocutor:

You know (know), you understand (understand), listen (Listen), you see (see) and others.

These same values \u200b\u200bcan be expressed not only by introductory words, but also similar predicative designs (input offers).

Compare:
Snowfall probably will soon end and Snowfall, I think it will end soon.

In addition to commas, brackets or dash can be used to highlight introductory proposals.
This is done in the case when the introductory design is very common and contains additional comments or explanations.

For example:
So we pass through our village, this will be - How to tell you, do not lie -fifteen years old. (Turgenev)
Alexei (the reader has already recognized him) Meanwhile, she stared at the young peasant. (Pushkin)

The rule of separation of input words and proposals has several very important notes.

Notes:

If in front of the introductory word is the Union A or no, the commament between the introductory word and the union is not always placed.
Compare a couple of offers:
The doctor finished reception, but of course, Heavy patient will look.
He gave the floor and consequently, Must keep it.
Introductory word can be rearranged or removed without a union only in the first case, therefore a comma needed between the introductory word and the union.
In the second sentence it is impossible to do this, which means that the comma does not work.
Very often difficulties arise in sentences with words However, finally. The word however is allocated only if it cannot be replaced by the Union, but.
Compare two suggestions:
but We understand that this figure is still low. (However \u003d but).
Until, but,we have no clear picture of what is happening. (However - the introductory word).
The word is finally introductable only in the case when it does not have a spatial or time value, but indicates the order of thoughts.
For example:
I hope that in the near future this project finallywill be implemented.
AND, finally, The last thing I would like to pay attention to.
Introductory words can start a separate design, for example, clarifying turnover.
At the same time, the comma after the introductory word is not put (in other words, the comma, which was supposed to "close" the introductory word, is transferred to the end of a separate turnover).
I saw, more precisely felt that she was not indifferent to me. In addition, the comma does not put in front of the introductory word, located at the end of a separate turnover.
For the holidays, we decided to go somewhere in Kolomna for example. If the introductory word is in the middle of a separate design, it is allocated by commas on a general basis. I decided to explain in love, feeling seems to be the heart that she is not indifferent to me.
If the introductory words are located before turnover, beginning with the words "as" or "so that" they are allocated with commas. The last day seemed to her meaningless in fact, Like a whole life.
He wondered for a moment probably, To find the necessary words.