In the household and small farms, it is more productive to use small household incubators, such as "a zeal", "Zub 1", IPH-5, IPH-10, IPH-15, which can accommodate from 50 to 300 eggs.

Incubator "Summer" for growing chickens.

This household incubator The size of 700x500x400 mm and weighing 6 kg is intended for incubation of eggs, the withdrawal of chicks and growing chickens of young to 14-day age. Capacity of this incubator - 48 - 52 chicken eggs, 30-40 heads of young.
The incubator is heated with electric light bulbs. When incubation in it, a temperature of 37, 8 ° C is maintained, with an output - 37, 5 ° C, when struck the young - 30 ° C. Each hour eggs are automatically rotated. Ventilation is natural - through the holes at the top and bottom of the housing.
The incubator runs from the AC 220 in the 50 Hz frequency; electricity consumption per cycle - 64 kW / h; Power consumption - 190 W.
Many poultry people consider the incubator "the zoom" reliable and easy to maintain. Under the instructions, the output of the young will be 80-85%.
Incubator "Summary" You can use to grow young, for example 30 - 40 heads of chickens to 2 weeks of age. When you grow up, you should constantly monitor the compliance of the temperature regime in the incubator.

The normal development of embryos in the embryo usually goes at a temperature of 37 - 38, 5 ° C. Overheating can lead to incorrect development of the embryo and the appearance of patients. On the contrary, the reduced temperature will lead to a delay in the growth and development of embryos. It is also necessary to monitor air humidity: until the middle of incubation, it must be 60%, in the middle of incubation - 50%, and at the end - up to 70%. In general, before starting to use the incubator, it is necessary to carefully examine its technical passport.
Incubator "SUPPACE-1" - upgraded model of the incubator "Zoom". In the new modification, the tray size was increased (accommodates 65 - 70 chicken eggs), a temperature sensor was installed, a tube heater made of nichrome spiral was used, the rotation of the eggs is automatically implemented, the mode control unit is simplified.

Related Pages:

Home / Do it yourself / How to make a homemade incubator from a refrigerator and foam

How to make a homemade incubator from the refrigerator and foam

Many domestic bird breeding farmers are thinking about the acquisition of the incubator. After all, there are often cases when, when the season occurs, the non-shell is not ready for the hatching. However, the equipment of this plan is worth a decent money, so farmers are useful to know how to make a homemade incubator from the refrigerator and foam in drawings. Let's discuss this important question further.

Non-snuff chicken can really not be ready to cross eggs at a certain period of time. But not only this reason can force the household owner to think about creating a homemade automatic incubator for eggs. Often the farmer plans to grow more young than the chicken led. You can fill the missing number of chicks using the incubator method.

The main advantage of its application is the fact that chicks may be born at any time of the year. In addition, a person independently can regulate their quantity, which is especially important if the bird is grown by farming for sale. Of course, to deny the fact that some mining chickens are able to withdraw young even in winter, it is impossible. But these are rare successful cases. Basically, at this time of year, only artificial chicks can be effective.

As practice shows, even the homemade unit for the withdrawal of quails or chickens can provide farming with the necessary number of chicks if the homemade thermostat for the incubator is installed in it.

Over the eggs on eggs, it is necessary to regularly look after. But not every poultry has a necessary amount of free time. And the use of the incubator involves automating the temperature control process. You can also automate the turn of eggs in the homemade incubator.

That is why the artificial method of obtaining the offspring of poultry is considered very convenient and high-performance. But here it did not cost without their pitfalls. It is necessary to understand that the cultivation of young birds in the incubator method will be effectively only if the farmer is disassembled in the technology of its application.

It is also important to carry out a thorough selection of the material before loading it into the tray. Only high-quality testicles can give strong and viable offspring. Refined options in no case should try incubate.

From the refrigerator and foam

How to make an incubator for eggs from a refrigerator and foam with your own hands?

If the farmer does not want to spend money on the purchase of factory incubation equipment, it can build such an aggregate at home. It is not difficult to do this if you get to the question comprehensively. For example, in the presence of an old refrigerator and a small number of foam sheets, you can build a truly effective incubator for quail.

The homemade incubator from the refrigerator for eggs is characterized by the lowest cost. Therefore, such a design is very popular among amateur poultry farms or farmers with a small experience in growing young birds. On the Internet you can find a variety of photos, drawings and schemes of such aggregates.

Even the old refrigerator, covered with the inside of the foam, demonstrates high efficiency in terms of retention of a constant temperature level. This is the poultry industry and necessary.

Therefore, it is not worth a hurry to export an old refrigerator, as in the next photo, on the garbage dump. Try to make the homemade incubator for eggs of chicken or quail. Everything that may be required in the process of performing work is 4 light bulbs with a power of 100 watts, the temperature regulator and the KR-6 contactor relay.

Execution scheme Next:

1. Remove the freezer from the refrigerator, as well as other details if they are preserved (shelves, drawers, and the like). So that the homemade design coped well with the task of heat saving, its walls need to be seen by the usual sheet foam;
2. Inside the design, attach cartridges for light bulbs, temperature regulator and contactor PR-6 relay. Note that it is better to use L5 lamps. They will ensure uniform heating of eggs in the trays and maintain the optimal level of air humidity;
3. On the door, cut the viewing window of a small size, as shown in the next photo;
4. Insert the grille into the aggregate, for which trays with eggs will be installed;
5. Having a thermometer;
6. Next, place in the trays of poultry eggs. Some refrigerators are able to accommodate up to 6 dozen eggs. They need to be placed with a blunt end up, so it is most convenient to use conventional packaging trays from cardboard to these purposes;
7. Connect the homemade incubator to output quail to the network with a voltage of 220W and turn on all the lamps. After they heat the temperature inside the unit up to 38 ° C, the contacts of the thermometer are closed. At this moment you can turn off 2 lamps. From the 9th day, the temperature must be reduced to 37.5 ° C, and from the 19th day to 37 ° C.

As a result, you will receive an effective self-made automatic unit with a power of about 40 W and a capacity of up to 60 eggs.

If you are interested in homemade incubators: the process of creating such an aggregate from the refrigerator and sheets of foam is demonstrated below.

Many farmers seek to equip the homemade incubator for quail automatic fan. However, justice to note that this is not necessarily. The refrigerator creates a natural circulation of air, which is quite enough to derive chickens.

It is also not necessary to complement such a design by the device for the rotation of the eggs, it will only complicate it.

In the case of a sudden turning off the electricity, instead of the L5 lamp, down the unit should be installed with hot water container. But here is one important point: water should not be overwhelmed.

Let's summarize

The homemade incubator from the foam and old refrigerator for the output of poultry chickens is a truly reliable and efficient device. You can do it according to drawings with your own hands, looking in this article.

More information on the topic: http://prinkubator.ru

This article provides an electrical control circuit with a three-phase arbitrary power engine connected to a single-phase network.

It can be used in private farm incubators with a laying of eggs from five hundred pieces (incubator from the refrigerator) up to fifty thousand pieces (industrial wagon incubators).

This electrical scheme of the author worked without breakdowns eleven years in the incubator made from the refrigerator. The electrical circuit (Fig. 1.5) consists of a generator and frequency divisors on DD2, DD4, DD5 chips, engine power generators on DD6.1 chips, DD1.1 - DD1.4, DD3.6, integrating R4C3 chain, keys on VT1 transistors , VT2, electrorel K1, K2 and the power unit on the electrorel K3, K4 (Fig. 1.6).

The status alarm of the tray (top, bottom) is provided by the HL1, HL2 LEDs. The divider and the generator of the frequency divider to minute signals is made on the DD2 chip (K176IA12). For dividing to one hour, a divider is used for 60 in the DD4 chip (K176IA12). Trigger on DD5 (K561TM2) perform the division of the period to 2, 4 hours.

The SA3 switch elects the desired time during which trays will turn out, from 4 hours until a complete stop. At the outputs 1, 2 trigger DD6.1 The elected time interval is converted into the pulse duration. Front fronts of these pulses, through the electrical schemes of matching DD1.1 - DD1.3 connect the engine rotation of the trays.

The front front of the signal from the output 1 of the trigger DD6.1 on the engine reverse, through the electrical schemes of the match DD7.4, DD7.2. Elements DD4.1, DD3.6 are required to switch the order of operation "manual - automatic" and setting trays into the horizontal position "Center". To activate the engine reverse mode earlier than the connection of the engine rotation will occur, the integrating chain R4, C3, VD1 is intended.

The moment of delaying the power on the engine, as indicated in the diagram of the nominal, is about 10 ms. This moment may vary depending on the threshold of the applied chip. Control Signals Through Transistor Keys VT1, VT2 Include Electrorele Motor Start K2 and Reverse Electrorele KL. When turning on the voltage. Upit. At one of the exits of the trigger DD6.1, high potential will appear, allow this contact 1.

If the terminal switch Sfs is not closed, then at the output of the element DD1.3 there will be a high voltage and the KL electrorel will be activated.

The next time you switching a trigger DD6.1, the KL reverse electrical is not turned on, since the DD7.4 chip input will be served forbidding zero level. The low-voltage electrorel KL, K2 turn on quickly only at the time of rotation of the trays, because when the limit switches of SF2 or SFs are activated, the DD1.3 chip output will appear forbidding zero level. Display status indication 1, 2 DD6.1 is made by inverters DD3.4, DD3.5 and LEDs HL.1, HL.2. The signature "top" and "bottom" indicate the position of the front edge of the tray and are conditional, since the direction of the engine is easy to change the appropriate inclusion of its windings. The electrical circuit of the power module is shown in Fig. 1.6.

The alternate connection of the KZ electrorel, K4 perform the switching of engine windings and, therefore, controls the direction of rotation of the rotor. Since the KL electron (if necessary) is triggered earlier than the electrolel K2, the engine connection of K2.1 will occur after selecting KL.l with the corresponding KZ or K4 electrore. Buttons SA4, SA5, SA6 duplicate the conclusions K2.1, kl.l and are defined for manual selection of the position of the trays. The SA4 button is installed between the SA5 and SA6 buttons for the convenience of simultaneously pressing two buttons. Recommended under the top button Write "Top".

The movement of trays in manual mode is carried out when the SA2 switch is turned off. The magnitude of the C6 phasos-shifting container depends on the type of engine power on (star, triangle) and its power. For engine connected:

according to the "Star" scheme - C \u003d 2800i / U,

according to the "Triangle" scheme - C \u003d 48001 / U,

where i \u003d p / 1,73uhcosj

P Passport power engine in W,

cOS J - power factor,

U is a network voltage voltage.

The printed board from the conductors is shown in Fig. 1.7, and from the installation of radio elements - in Fig. 1.8. Electrorele K3, K4 and C6 capacitance are located in close proximity to the engine. In the instrument, SA1, SA2 switches were applied with independent fixation brand, SA3 - PG26P2H brand.

End switches SF1 - SF3TIP MP1105, Electrorele K1, K2 - RES49 RF passport4.569.426. Electrorele K3, K4 It is possible to use any brand to alternating voltage 220 V.

The three-phase M1 motor with a gearbox can be used by any with the necessary power on the shaft to rotate the trays. To calculate, we should take a mass of one chicken egg about 70 gr, duck and turkey - 80 gr, goose - 190 grams. In this design, the FTT brand is used - 0.08 / 4, with a capacity of 80 W. The electrical circuit of the power node for a single-phase motor is shown in Fig. 1.9.

R1, C1 phasigating chain ratings for each engine and, usually, writing in the motor passport (see the signboard on the engine).

The terminal switches are placed around the axis of rotation of the trays at a certain angle. On the axis fasten the M8 threaded sleeve, which is screwed to the bolt, closing the limit switches.

Turning eggs is necessary for several reasons.

First, due to the smaller progress of the yolk, it floats upstairs at any position of the egg, and it is easier part of it, where Blastodysk is located, always turns out from above. The turning of eggs prevents the dying of the germs in the early stages of development, and then the embryo itself to the supreme shells; In the future, the turning of eggs prevents the adaptation of temporary embryonic organs of one to another and creates the possibility of normal development.

Secondly, the turning of the eggs is necessary for the normal functioning of the amnion, since it requires some free space for its abbreviations. Thirdly, the turning of eggs reduces the amount of incorrect positions of embryos by the end of incubation, and, fourth, in section incubators, the turning of eggs is necessary, in addition, for the alternate heating of all parts of the egg. In the closet incubators, there is also no complete uniformity in the temperature distribution, and therefore the egg turning ensures the equalization of the heat obtained by different parts of the egg.

About how to rotate eggs, there are a number of data.

The function and forwards were compared the derivability of the chickens when turning eggs in one (as usual), in two and in three planes and found in the last two embodiments an increase in the output by 3.7 and 6.4%, respectively. In the future, the authors found out on more than 12,000 chicken eggs, which, with a vertical position of them in the incubator, the rotation of eggs 45 ° to each direction from the vertical compared to 30 ° -М turns an increase in chickens from 73.4 to 76.7%. However, further increase in the angle of rotation of the eggs does not increase the one.

According to CALTOPEN, only when the egg rotation is changed around the long axis (with the horizontal position of the eggs) from 90 ° to 120 °, the chickens are almost the same (86.2 and 85.7%, respectively), and when the eggs turn around the short axis (vertical position), the advantage of the energies 120 ° more noticeable - 83.7% of chickens compared with 81.7% when it turns 90 °. The author also compared the turning of eggs around the long and around the short axis and found a significant excess of chickens (p< 0.001) на 4.5% из яиц, поворачиваемых вокруг длинной оси.

All the eggs were turned around their short axis 180 ° at least 4-5 hours., But perhaps these data are somewhat inepened, since observations were conducted 1 time in 1.5 hours.

Almost all researchers come to the conclusion that more frequent turning of eggs increases withdrawal. Without turning the eggs at all, the Eykleshimer received only 15% chickens; With 2 corners of eggs per day - 45.4%, and at 5 turns - 58% of fertilized eggs. The pritic reports that with 4-6 times the turning of eggs per day, the derivability of the chickens was higher than at 2 times. The leading was the same regardless of whether the enemy turns began immediately or 1-3 days after laying the eggs to the incubator. However, the author recommends turning the eggs 8-12 times a day and start turning immediately after laying eggs to the incubator. Insko indicates that an increase in the number of eggs to 8 times a day increases the derivation of chickens, but 5 turns of the eggs are absolutely necessary. In the experiments of the Quiper and the Ubbelys, the 24-fold turning of eggs per day compared to 3-fold increased the one with a 6.4% leading percentage of the chickens in control - 7.0.3% of the laid eggs. Similar experiments on a large material (more than 17 000 eggs) in the incubator of the cabinet type spent Schubert. Compared to 3-fold turning per day, Postext 70.2-77: 5% of chickens from fertilized eggs, the author received with a 5-fold turning increase of anti-2.0%, at 8-fold - by 3.8-6.9%, at 11-fold - by 6.4%, at 12 times - by 5.6%. According to Caltoopen, the turning of eggs 24 times a day to the 18th day of incubation compared with the 3-time led to an increase in the decommission of chickens by an average of 7%, and compared with the 8-time - by 3%. Due to the greatest increase in the binding compared with the control (24 of the energies per day) at a 96-fold turning of the eggs, the author considers it necessary exactly that number of turns.

Nermesu was the only researcher who received opposite results. He observed even a slight decrease in the decommability of the chickens (from 93.5% to 91.5% of fertilized eggs) with 3-fold turning of eggs during the entire incubation period compared to 2 to a fold to the 8th day and 1 point from the 9th day to hatching Apparently, this is the result of some kind of mistake.

The influence of various quantities of duck and goose eggs on the premium was investigated by mans and roseran. The authors were obtained at 4-, 5- and 6-fold turns 65.8, 71.6 and 76.6% ducklings and 55.2, 62.4 and 77.0% gesyat, respectively. Consequently, according to the authors, it is necessary to rotate duck and goose eggs at least 6 times a day. Kovinko and Bakaev based on observations over the number of eggs in the nest of duck for 25 days of reaching (528 times in 600 hours) and comparing the effect of 24-fold egg turning in the incubator per day with 12-fold - control (68.7% and 55.3% ducklings From fertilized eggs, respectively), they came to the conclusion that the hour interval between the turns of the eggs more fully corresponds to the biological needs of embryonic development of ducklings than 2-hour, especially during the development of Allantois, and subsequently contributes to the increase in the vitality of young people.

A mansion is the question of the need for additional manual rotation of goose eggs 180 ° with a horizontal position in trays, where chicken eggs are usually located vertically. Bykhovts notes that the additional turning of the goose eggs is 180 ° manually 1-2 times a day increases the leading gesyat by 5-10%. However, it should be noted that the author leading the explanation of this features of the goose egg (a greater ratio of length to width and more fat in the yolk than in a chicken egg) is nothing to do with it. The reason for the reduced decommissionability in this case (if there is only mechanical rotation of the eggs), in our opinion, is that in the trays adapted to incubate chicken eggs in a vertical position, the rotation of the trays is 90 ° means alternately yolk and blastodisk in chicken egg then to one side of the egg, then to the other; With the horizontal position of goose eggs in the same trays, the turn of the latter changes significantly less the location of Blastodisk. According to Ruus, when performing an additional turning of goose eggs by 180 ° manually, 1 time per day, in addition to mechanical 3-fold, the leading is rising from 55.6-57.4% to 79.3-92.4%. However, some industrialists report that the additional turning of the goose eggs manually does not increase the title gesyat.

The issue of embryonic development periods, when the turning of eggs is especially necessary, a number of studies are devoted. Weinmiller, on the basis of experiments, considers it necessary to be the necessary 12-fold turning of chicken eggs per day during the first week, and in the second and third weeks - only 2-3 times. According to Kottlearov, the mortality distribution of embryos was different at 24-, 8- and 2-fold turns of the eggs: the percentage of embryos killed until the 6th day was approximately the same at 2- and 8 times, and the percentage of gumbers was reduced by half at 8 -Frequent, and on the contrary, with an increase in the number of eggs, the percentage of gyms remained the same to 24 times a day, and the percentage of those killed until the 6th day increased threefold. The author does not attach importance to this fact, but it seems to us very illustrative. At the beginning of development, embryos are extremely sensitive to concussions and therefore too frequent egg turning is destructive effect on the weakest embryos. At the end of the development, the turning of eggs in section incubators improves gas exchange and facilitates heat transfer, which causes a significant decrease in the percentage of grooves at an 8-fold turn of eggs. But even greater increase in turns, perhaps nothing can be supplemented in the improvement of gas exchange and heat transfer. Our opinion is confirmed by the experiments of the author: more rare turns of eggs in the first half of incubation and more frequent - in the second gave an increase in the binding compared to the 8-fold group of eggs during the entire incubation by 2.3%. Kuo believes that the inability to go through this or that stage is due in most cases by mechanical reasons and from the 11th to the 14th day of development it is the turning of eggs that stimulates the reduction of the embryo, helps him pass the stage preceding the body turning stage. According to Robertson, in a group with a 2-fold turn and especially in a group without turning eggs compared with the control (24-fold rotation), the mortality of chicken embryos increases most of all in the first 10 days of incubation, and at 6-, 12-, 24- , 48- and 96-fold turns per day, the mortality rate of embryos at this time is about the same with the control. With an increase in the number of turns of the eggs, as well as in the experiments of Kotlyarov, the percentage of grooves is strongly reduced, especially grooves without visible morphological disorders. Caltopen on a large material (60,000 chicken eggs) noted that 24-fold egg turning reduces the death rate of embryos especially in the 2nd week of incubation. The author spent experiments with a 24-fold turn only during this period (on the other days 4 times) and found out that the decryption chickens in this group was the same with a group of 24-fold turn from the 1st to the 18th day of incubation. In the future, the author showed that the death of embryos after the 16th day, i.e., in the second period of increased mortality of embryos, it depends mostly from the insufficient frequency of eggs until the 10th day of incubation, since the normal figure of Amnion Allantois does not occur And the amnion comes with a superal shell, which prevents the supply of protein into amnion through a serozo-amniotic channel. Some other results received the New, which found out that the turning of eggs only from the 4th to the 7th day causes approximately the same output as turning over the entire incubation period. Turning it only from the 8th to the 11th day does not increase the one compared to the group, where the eggs did not turn at all. The author observed that the non-peculiarization of eggs from the 4th to the 7th day of incubation causes the premature adjoining of Allantois to a superal shell, which causes the rapid loss of protein water. Therefore, the author considers it particularly necessary to turn eggs from the 4th to the 7th day of incubation.

Randle and Romanov found out that insufficient egg turning, preventing or delaying the flow of protein into the amniotic cavity, as a result of which part of the protein remains in the egg after the chicken hatch, and the embryo does not have a significant amount of nutrients, leads to a decrease in the weight of the chicken.

If you have found a mistake, please select the text fragment and click Ctrl + Enter..

In contact with

Many farmers are experimenting with independent manufacture of incubators. The Internet is literally shot by drawings and descriptions - from the simplest techniques to high-tech schemes. Today the topic will be somewhat narrowly specialized, concerning only one component incubator - tray for eggs. Trays for the incubator can be manufactured in different ways, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Consider the most common and efficient ways.

Why turn the eggs in the incubator?

People of the older generation, probably, remember the good and intelligent children's story N. Nosov about the family of chickens. So, the observation young naturalists, building their own incubator, tried to solve the problem, how exactly and how often it is necessary to turn the eggs (just as it does this.

Why turn the material placed in the incubator? There are several reasons for this:

1. When turning there is a uniform heating of the embryos, since the heat source in the device is fixed still only on the one hand.
2. Uniform strengthening of eggs with fresh air. This problem is relevant and when incubating chicks, and when using the zeal.
3. Periodic turning prevents the embryo gluing to a superal shell. If you neglect by this, the percentage of hatches of chicks is significantly reduced, since embryos are dying.

To track the process of forming and closing the germinal shell can be through a mat. An increase in the air chamber in the blunt end is evidence of the complete closure of Allantois. From the sharp end eggs become dark.

Selecting the mechanism of the enemy coup in the incubator:

• The minimum coup frequency is twice a day.
• For horizontal laying of incubation material makes a half turn.
• Some farmers practice turns up to 6 times a day.

Combine eggs manually - it's very complex, especially if there are many of them. It is much more convenient to use a mechanical or automated rollover.

Distinguish 2 varieties of mechanical rolls:

• Frame.
• Inclined.

Consider both mechanisms in more detail.

Frame

The principle of action of the framework mechanism is based on rolling eggs frame, they scroll around the axis.

Important! Such a mechanism is effective only for the horizontal laying of the incubation material. The frame can simply move or turn around the axis.

Pluses of framework:

• Low energy intensity. When the electricity is disconnected, you can use the backup source of energy.
• Functionality, simplicity of maintenance of the mechanism.
• Compactness, small size.

Cons of the framework mechanism:

• For efficient operation, the shell mechanism should be perfectly clean. Even minor pollution worsens the efficiency of turning.
• The relationship between the efficiency of the turning and the size of the eggs - this problem is completely eliminated in the device with the rotation of the framework.
• The risk of damaging eggs when turning - it concerns incorrectly adjusted equipment.

Inclined

The inclined mechanism works on the principle of swing. It is used for vertical loading equipment.

Benefits:

• Guaranteed twist of eggs on a given degree, regardless of diameter. This is a universal technique that is suitable for all types of domestic birds.
• Safety, the risk of damage to the incubation material is small, since the amplitude of the movement of the eggs is small, the eggs are not so hard to touch each other.

• Maintenance complex.
• Relatively high cost.
• Technique has large sizes.

Important! The choice of a specific model of the incubator, in addition to the coup mechanism, depends on many other factors: energy consumption, sizes, tank capacity, device cost, as well as individual poultry preferences.

Specificity of incubation tray

The coupling framework is quite comfortable and at the same time inexpensive. When choosing trays with a framework mechanism, you must consider the following:

• Download volume. This is the most important indicator. You need to choose one or another characteristic, based on the number of the poultry house. If you are not going to increase the population, then buy technique with a significant stock pointless.
• The cheapest models are made in the form of a thin frame. At the same time, the reliability is minimal. Frames are easily bend, why the mechanism may fail.

Important! The optimal option is models, cells in which are completely isolated, and the sides are made high.

• The cell size should correspond to the diameter of the egg. For example, quail eggs should not be laid in the cell for turkey eggs. From this depends the effectiveness of the mechanism.

Important! If you want to purchase a universal device that is suitable for different types of eggs, then your option is a device with removable partitions in trays. In such an incubator, single-caliber eggs can be laid at the same time.

Tray for the incubator with your own hands with a frame rotary mechanism

For independent manufacture of an automated rotary mechanism, you will need to remove knowledge of mechanics and electrical engineering from the backorright. The choice of electric motors is large enough, so it's easy to choose materials. It is important to comply with such principles:

• Conversion of the circular motion of the rotor part of the electric motor into the reciprocating movement of the frame in the horizontal plane. It allows the connecting mechanism to achieve this when the rod, fixed in one of the circumference points, converts one type of movement to another.
• Since the rotor of the electric motor performs a large number of revolutions, to convert frequent rotations to rare movements, a system of gears with a different gear ratio is used. At the same time, the rotation time of the last gear must correspond to the frequency of the eggs of the eggs (4 hours).
• The magnitude of the reciprocating movement of the frame in one direction is equal to the full diameter of the egg.

Swivel tray for the incubator with her own electric drive - the business is troublesome, but necessary. So, the principle of operation of the automated system is as follows.

In household farms, the use of large industrial production incubators may be impractical due to their large capacity. For the cultivation of a small poultry livestock, compact devices are needed, which can be made with their own hands using workflows and materials.

We present several ways to manufacture incubators. However, even the homemade device must meet certain requirements that you will learn from this article.

How to make an incubator for chicken eggs

Breeding poultry is a fairly profitable occupation, but for uninterrupted receipt of productive young, you need to buy or make your own hands the device in which the young will be output.

How to make an incubator for chicken eggs or quail with your own hands using the branded materials, you will learn from the sections below.

What to pay attention to

For the full removal of young birds, the birds should adhere to certain recommendations and requirements regarding the use of the device and its manufacture:

• Temperature regime at a distance of two centimeters from eggs should not exceed 38.6 degrees, and the minimum temperature is 37.3 degrees;
• Only fresh eggs are suitable for incubation, which should not be stored for more than ten days;
• In the chamber it is necessary to maintain the optimal level of humidity. It is 40-60% to Nakhleva, and after the start of the Nakhleva - 80%. The level of humidity needs to be reduced before the sample of chicks.

The elimination of young birds depends on the location of the eggs. They need to be placed vertically (sharp end) or horizontally. If they are located vertically, they should be tilted to the right or left at 45 degrees (when booking goose or duck eggs, the inclination is up to 90 degrees).

If the eggs are placed horizontally, they must be turned over to the minimum three times a day at 180 degrees. However, it is best to carry out a coup every hour. A few days before the end, turns stop.

rules

If you are interested in how to make a self-made incubator, you should know that this device is manufactured according to certain rules.

For the manufacture you will need:

1. Body casewell maintaining heat (wood or foam). It is necessary that the temperature inside the device does not change in the process of removing chicks. You can use the old refrigerator, microwave or even a TV.
2. For heatingusing conventional lamps (from 25 to 100 W, depending on the size of the camera), and to control the temperature, an ordinary thermometer is inside the device.
3. So that fresh air constantly arrivedYou need to equip ventilation. For small devices, it suffices to drill holes in the side walls and the bottom, and for large incubators (for example, made from the refrigerator), several fans are installed (under and above the grille for).

Figure 1. Common types of incubators: 1 - with automatic turn, 2 - Mini-incubator, 3 - industrial model

Trays or grilles can be bought or made from a metal grid. It is important that space remains space for free air circulation.

Features

In the incubator it is necessary to establish high-quality ventilation. Preference should be given forced ventilation, since the constant movement of air will provide support for the necessary temperature and humidity inside.

Figure 1 shows the main types of incubators that can be used to eliminate the birds of birds in the household economy.

How to make autoprot the eggs in the incubator

The models without manual turn are not very comfortable, as a person needs to constantly monitor the process of pulling chicks and manually turn all the eggs. It is much easier to immediately make a self-made incubator with auto-rotor (Figure 2).

Instruction

There are several options for arranging autotrops. For small devices, you can simply equip a mobile mesh, which is driven by a small roller. As a result, the eggs are slowly moving and gradually turned over.

Note: The disadvantage of this method is that the coup is still necessary, since the eggs can simply move off, but do not turn over.

More modern is considered roller rotation, for the arrangement of which special rotating rollers are installed under the grille. To prevent damage to the shell, all rollers are covered with a mosquito net. However, this method has a significant disadvantage: for the manufacture of the auto-rotational system, you will have to take free space in the chamber, installing rollers.

Figure 2. Scheme of automatic turning of eggs

The best is the way of the coup, at which immediately the entire tray is leaked at 45 degrees. The rotation is activated by a special mechanism located outside, and all eggs are warranty warranty.

How to make a laying of eggs in the incubator

Incubation of poultry should be carried out with regard to certain features and maintain the optimal removal mode of young. The table in Figure 3 shows the basic requirements for the excavation of chickens, ducks and geese.

First of all, the correct temperature should be maintained (at least 37.5 - a maximum of 37.8 degrees). It is also necessary to regularly check the humidity, determining it on the temperature difference on the "wet" and "dry" thermometer. If the "wet" thermometer shows a temperature of up to 29 degrees, then the humidity is about 60 percent.

Figure 3. Optimal incubation modes

The removal mode of young people must also meet the following requirements.:

• Turning must be at least 8 times a day;
• When removing young people geese and ducks, eggs need to be periodically cooling with a combination method: the first half of the incubation is cooled with air for half an hour, and then irrigated with a weak milgantaneous solution;
• During the elimination of young, the temperature of the air on the "dry" thermometer should not exceed 34 degrees, and humidity is within 78-90 degrees.

It is important that insufficient warming regardless of the stage can slow down the growth and development of the embryos, since the chicks are worse and used protein. As a result of insufficient warming, most chicks die before hatching, and the surviving chicks later hatch, they do not heal the umbilical cord and increases the belly.

Non-coat depending on the stage can cause some violations. In the first stage, they include:

• The intestine is filled with fluid with blood;
• The kidneys increase and the liver is unevenly painted;
• On the neck appear swelling.

During the enormous stage, the underwear can provoke:

• Eyeflow of the umbilical ring;
• The intestine is filled with bile;
• Increased heart when underwriting in the last few days of incubation.

Overheating can cause external deformities (eyes, jaws and heads), and the removal of chickens begins prematurely. If the temperature regime was elevated in the past few days, in the chicks can be deformed internal organs (heart, liver and stomach) and the walls of the abdominal cavity are not fixed.

Strong and short overheating can lead to the fact that the embryo will sucks towards the inside of the shell, swelling and hemorrhage will appear on the skin, and the germ itself is located head in yolk, which is not normal.

Figure 4. Normal development of the embryo (left) and possible defects in violating the moisture mode (right)

The long-term effects of high temperatures in the second half of incubation leads to the early movement of the embryo in the air chamber, and under the shell you can notice the unused protein. In addition, many chicks are observed in the sump, which were processed by the shell, but died, without drawing yolk.

Violations of moisture regime can also provoke serious violations (Figure 4):

• Increased humidity causes slow motion development, embryos poorly use protein and are often dying in the middle and end of incubation;
• If the humidity was raised during the probe, the chicks can begin to stick to the beak to the shell, the goiter develops, and excess fluid is observed in the intestine and stomach. The neck can develop swelling and hemorrhage;
• Improving humidity often causes late conclusion and hatching of sluggish young with swollen belly and too light down;
• If the humidity was low, the shoes begins in the middle part, and the sucking shells are dry and too durable;
• With low humidity, small and dry youngs are hatched.

It is especially important to maintain optimal humidity (80-82%) during the rate. It is worth noting that during all periods of removal should strive to maintain such temperature and humidity mode, which exists with natural reaching.

Figure 5. Possible defects when translucencing an ososcope

The duration of incubation depends on the type of poultry. For example, for chickens of meat breeds, it is 21 days and 8 hours. If the normal mode was maintained, the beginning of the Nobyev starts at 19 days and 12 hours after the bookmark, the chicks begin to hatch for 20 days, and after another 12 hours most of the young appears. During the incubation, it is necessary to periodically check the Ovoscope in order to detect damage on time (Figure 5).

What is needed for this

To correctly hold the eggs, you need to heat the device in advance and prepare eggs.

For the removal of young people of any poultry, only eggs are suitable, which were stored no longer than the week in a dark room with good ventilation at room temperature. Before booking, they are sure to be shoneled by an oxcope and select instances without damage, cracks and growths on the shell.

Features

Incubator can only be laid out the eggs of the right shape and with the characteristic color of the shell for a certain type of bird.

In addition, you need to choose the correct grille, which will correspond to the size of the eggs. For example, a smaller grid is required for quail, and for turkey - more. It is also necessary to familiarize yourself in advance with the temperature-humidizing regime of incubation for each type of bird.

How to make a homemade incubator from the refrigerator

Very often, home incubators are made from old refrigerators, as the body of this household appliance is quite spacious and allows you to simultaneously remove large batch of young birds.

View how to make an incubator from the refrigerator with your own hands with detailed instructions, you can in the video.

Instruction

Before starting the manufacture, you need to draw up a drawing and plan for connecting all the necessary items. You also need to wash the housing and pull out all the shelves and the freezer from it.

The procedure for manufacturing an incubator from an old refrigerator includes the following steps (Figure 6):

• A few holes for fastening lamps and ventilation arrangement are drilled in the ceiling;
• The inner part of the walls are separated by thin sheets of foam in order to inside the device the heat remained longer;
• Trays or lattices are installed on the shelves;
• Inside the temperature sensor is placed, and the thermostat is outward;
• In the lower part of the side walls, several ventilation holes are dried, and to provide a higher level of air intake, fans are installed on top and bottom.

Figure 6. Making a household incubator from an old refrigerator

It is also desirable to cut through a small viewing window in the door so that it is more convenient to observe the incubation process without opening the door.

How to make a foam incubator step by step

The housing of the homemade device can be made from the old box from the TV or box of foam, strengthening it with a frame of wooden plates. The framework needs to consolidate four porcelain cartridges for light bulbs. Three cartridges are screwed to heating light bulbs, and the fourth light is used to heal water in the bath. The power of all light bulbs should not exceed 25 W. Examples and drawings for the manufacture of simple models are shown in Figure 7.

Note: The middle lamp often includes only at a certain time: from 17 to 23-00. Waters with water to maintain humidity can also be made of girlfriend. For example, using a jar from under the herring, cutting off its part of the lid. From such a capacity, water will be better to evaporate, and the lid will prevent local overheating.

Inside the home-made incubator is installed with a grid. The surface of the eggs on the lattice should be at least 17 centimeters from the light bulb, and for eggs under the grille - at least 15 centimeters at a distance.

To measure the temperature inside the chamber use a conventional thermometer. To conveniently use the device, its front wall needs to be removed and covered with cardboard or other dense material. For consolidation, use spins. A similar removable wall allows you to put the inside of the trays incubator, put the bath and change water in it, as well as carry out all other manipulations.

Figure 7. Making simple incubators from refrigerators and boxes

In the lid, you need to make a window that will serve for ventilation and control over the temperature regime. The length of the window is 12 centimeters, and the width is 8 centimeters. It is better to cover it with glass, leaving the width of a small slot.

For additional ventilation along the long wall near the floor, three small square holes should also be made (each side is 1.5 centimeters). They must be open all the time for a permanent fifth of fresh air.

How to make an incubator from a microwave oven

The microwave incubator is manufactured by the same principle as the device from the refrigerator. But it should be borne in mind that many eggs will not fit into such a device, so at home it is used mainly to remove quail.

In the manufacture of an incubator from a microwave ovens need to take into account some features (Figure 8):

• Outside the housing must be seen by thin sheets of foam to stabilize the temperature inside;
• In the upper part, there are ventilation holes, and the door does not insulate and are not sealed for an additional fastener of fresh air;
• Inside the tray is installed, but since there is not enough space in the chamber for water cans, the container with moisturizing fluid is directly under the tray.

Figure 8. Procedure for the manufacture of microwave incubator with their own hands

It is also necessary to provide protection against overheating by setting barriers to incandescent lamps.

How to make ventilation in the incubator do it yourself

The home-made incubator also does not provide for a special egg cooling system, as they are cooled for several minutes during the turning process. During the entire incubation, 39 degrees should be maintained.

For ease of use, you can attach legs to the machine. And since this equipment is very compact, and the incubation process is not accompanied by the allocation of unpleasant odors, to bring the young bird of poultry, even in an urban apartment (Figure 9). The procedure for making a simple improvised incubator is given in the video.

How to make a moisturizer in the incubator

For the normal operation of the homemade incubator should be poured into the bath at half a glass of water per day. If you want to increase the level of humidity, you can put a rag in the bath, which is erased every two days.

For styling eggs, there are special rails with lumens between them. Rakes should be made rounded from the sides. To make it easier to revolve, you need to leave a free space in the tray corresponding to one egg.

Note: Eggs in a homemade incubator turn over a manually 180 degrees. It is better if the coup is carried out up to 6 times a day with an equal time interval (after 2-4 hours).

Figure 9. Drawings for the manufacture of simple incubators do it yourself.

To maintain moisture, no devices in the home-made incubator are provided, and this mode is supported approximately. To evaporate the liquid, it is recommended to install light bulbs 25 or 15 watts. Before the start of the noise, the evaporator does not include, and if it is too early to turn it off, the eggs forms a too rigid shell that the chicks will not be able to break down.

Content:

The desire to get more, and give less to the person. But it sometimes leads to the fact that the miser pays twice. This postulate can be attributed to incubators. He really needs a poultry. Big, good and high quality is expensive. For example, the price of an incubator for 300 eggs is 29 000 rubles. And the cheap can serve one season, and even reoperate incubation eggs. So it turns out that the savings before the good does not bring.

But now for those who are "friendly with technology" and has skillful hands, there is an opportunity and save, and get reliable (to blame there will be no one) very important device for the poultry. We are talking about a homemade incubator. There are full sets for collecting, as well as separately for sale, automatics necessary for enhancement.

Homemade Incubators Requirements

Before collecting an incubator, you need to know the technical specifications that it should provide.

• When incubating chicken eggs, the number of continuous days of its operation is 21 days.
• Eggs in the incubator laid out at least 10 mm from each other
• The temperature in the incubator varies depending on the stage of the development of the embryo in the egg.
• With automatic mode, the enemy coup is carried out once every hour.
• Supports optimum humidity and ventilation. Air speed is 5 m / s.

Finished sets

To facilitate work and improve the reliability of the future design, it makes sense to purchase a ready-made automation kit to a homemade incubator. For example, such as in the figure below.

It includes:

• The thermostat that provides automatic visual monitoring of temperature and humidity.
• Sensors scanning the condition of temperature and humidity within the incubator.
• Transformer 220/12 V.
• Universal tray with automatic turn. It can be placed either quail or chicken eggs.

The price of this set is 5,000 rubles. But it is possible to be sure that the incubation process passes correctly. Temperature and humidity corresponds to the specified parameters, and the turn of the eggs occurs on time.

If you are only interested in the automatic turn of eggs, you can buy a simpler kit.

This photo shows the overall dimensions of the device. They will prompt you how to place it in the future incubator.

This kit consists of the following:

• Reversing motor - 14 W, 2.5 rpm;
• Asterisks - 1 meter;
• Terminal switches - 2 pcs;
• Mounting bracket;
• Connecting wires.

The kit is sold already in the collected and configured form. It must be easily connected to the control thermostat. Price - 3990 rubles.

Connecting this device in a homemade incubator looks like shown in the diagram.

But motorized trays must be in some kind of case. And it is important for the incubator. After all, inside it is carried out the thermoregulation of the air exchange for incubation of the egg. Therefore, thermal insulation quality of the material from which an incubator will be made are very important.

Excellent option for the housing is an old refrigerator. Its case also has the properties of the thermostat, and the doors are conveniently and securely closed.

Re-equipment of the refrigerator under the incubator

Before starting to assembling an incubator from an old refrigerator, it is necessary to get rid of it from already unnecessary parts and remove the freezing chamber.

To ensure the right air exchange, you need to establish a ventilation system.

Ventilation and humidity

To ensure ventilation in the refrigerator housing, two holes with a diameter of 30 mm are made. One thing at the bottom, the other is at the top. The tubes are inserted into these holes. Fully or partially closing these holes, you will adjust the air exchange within the device.

Below, install the fan on rubber pillows. You can use the fan from the computer. Close a cuvette with water. With the help of evaporation of this water, moisture in the future incubator can be adjusted. Fasten the heating elements. These may be ordinary incandescent lamps or Tan.

The air exchange in this case is true.

• At the bottom of the air heats up.
• It is moisturized by couples from a cuvette.
• Fan Air flow chases upstairs.
• Part of the heat gives incubation eggs;
• Part of the air is cooled and blown out.
• After cooling, the air is lowered down, and the other comes from the outside through the bottom hole.

Heating system

The simplest option of heating is incandescent bulbs in 25 W. Four lamps are taken. Two are installed downstairs, two above. Or you can take advantage of more powerful lamps (40 W), but take them less (2 pieces). An alternative lamps can be Tanni.

Trays and the mechanism of their turn

You can buy a motorized tray of Chinese production. They are also high-quality, but cost cheaper than imported. In their kits include:

• the frame that is installed for minilies with cells for eggs;
• power Supply;
• slow motor excluding sharp jerks at the beginning of the movement.

These are very comfortable trays. Their rotation is carried out by the built-in engine, which is enough to connect, to the incoming power supply unit. Full cycle (90 degrees) Turning trays take place in two hours.

If you do not want to take advantage of this very convenient solution, you can make trays yourself. For example, made of metal, wood and mesh or any other girlfriend. The main thing to establish them without skew in the housing of the homemade incubator. Rotary axes for trays secure brass bushings or use special bearing supports.

You can use a chain drive as a rotation mechanism. The diagram of its connection is shown in the figure above, and what will look in the set form in the photo below.

Conclusion

The incubator itself is only if you have the skills of fitter work and "be friends" with electrical engineering. Then you can significantly reduce your costs for purchasing this product. It will not be completely free, but you can purchase and install better and reliable components.

All components of this device can be easily bought. This was written above. To manage the entire mechanism, it will be necessary to purchase a thermostat. And then apply your skills in the locksmith.

As you can see, this version of the equipment of the coup mechanism is more troublesome than the acquisition of a mechanized tray. And the price gain is not so obvious.

In homemade incubators, several types of automatic trays are used to coup eggs, which are divided into two types. The device can turn the eggs one by one, or tiers. The first type turned out to be ineffective, and is used only in small incubators for 5 - 20 eggs. Second-type trays have proven themselves both in industrial and homemade devices.

That embryos develop and warmerly evenly, the eggs must be turned over every 2-4 hours. In small incubators, a manual movement method is very often used, and in machines designed for 50 or more eggs optimally use the automatic coup system. It is divided into two types: Framework and oblique.

Each of the types of trays has its pros and cons. The frame turn consumes less energy, and the rotational mechanism is very easy to operate. Another advantage: can be used in small incubators. The disadvantages include the effect of the shift step on the egg turning radius. At low frames, the eggs can beat each other. Eggs may suffer with sharp movements of the framework.

The inclined tray provides a guaranteed rotation to a given angle, regardless of the sizes of eggs.

The horizontal movement of trays on the guides reduces the level of injury of eggs by 75-85%. The minuses include more complex maintenance and high energy consumption. The design is harder that is not always convenient for use in small incubation machines.

Framework of rotation

The incubator tray will suit those who use light models from foam or plywood. To make the device for 200 eggs, you will need:

• Motor deuctor
• Galvanized profile
• Fruit or vegetables boxes,
• Corner of steel and rods,
• Clamps with bearings,
• Asterisk with chain,
• Fasteners.

How to make tray: the first of the corner is welded. Its dimensions are selected individually, depending on the number of trays and dimensions of the home incubator. The coup device is collected from the pair of axes to which the first and last tray are fixed. The rest are hung on the traction themselves. From edges, the corner makes the pad for landing bearing, which is welded on both sides on the axis.

The frame itself is made of aluminum corner - it is easier. If vegetable boxes are used as trays, the frame size will be 30.5 * 40.5 cm. If the trays are homemade, then the size is adjusted for them + 0.5 cm for free entry. Pluses of vegetable boxes: availability and strength. Cons: Bad Melting. Homemade trays can be made it made of a metal mesh with a rod thickness of 1.5 mm, and a cross section equal to the size of the egg. The finished frame is put on the axis, in which several holes are drilled for the attachment. To prevent the appearance of rust, the design is recommended to paint.

The axis is welded to the bed through the bearing, which for strength is tightened by a clamp. On the left to the base mounted mount for the gearbox. The first and last frame is connected by traction, the rest are hung between them every 15 cm. To mount it is reliable, the nuts are recommended to correct.

Movement of trays or chain transmission, or with a heel.

What method to choose - depends on the motor used, but usually in homemade devices apply a chain transmission.

On the cut of plastic in the lower part of the beds, switches are installed, which stop the motor as the slope of the trays at an angle of 45 °. More detailed schemes and drawings can be found on thematic forums - it will help to understand the features of fastening and connecting nodes.

The usual relay can be used together a control unit. It will have to modify it a bit: three wires are outwardly outward, and the tracks leading to contacts are cut. Program the unit to switch on every 2.5-3.5 hours. The relay join two togglers: without fixation and with fixation. The first serves to manually translating the frames into a horizontal position, and the second is to transfer to the automatic mode of operation.

The power supply of the coup mechanism serves a pair of power supplies from a personal computer.

Depending on the size of the incubator and the number of trays, additional heating elements are installed on one or more frames. In a large space, this will provide additional control of temperature and humidity. A small fan is also mounted on the bed, which will ensure ventilation. The lack of ventilation can lead to death up to 50% of the brood, as favorable conditions are formed for the development of pathogenic bacteria.

Contact rotation system

You can automate the rotation of the trays in the home incubator using a built-in electromechanical actuator, which is triggered through a specified time cut. Typically, the timer is installed by 2.5 - 3 hours. The accuracy corresponds to the temporary relay. It can be bought, and can be made from mechanical or electronic hours.

The mechanism of rotation to the incubator can be made from the clock with an electromechanical relay. On the housing, there is usually a socket where you can connect the consumer. On the dial to place the time intervals. The engine will be transmitted through the gearbox torque.

Trays for eggs in the incubator make a turn on the guides, the role of the camera walls. The design can be improved by mounting to the axis longer than the lattice, metal strip. The axis itself is inserted into the grooves cut on the side of each tray.

In order for the lattice moved, a working unit is collected from the rod, gearbox, a crank element and the engine. For this model, a motor is quite suitable from automotive janitors or microwave ovens. As a power item, you can use the power supply from the computer or attach the cord to connect to the outlet.

The device works like this: the electrical circuit closes with a relay through a given period of time.

The mechanism comes into operation, and turns the eggs in the tray until the end of the end position is contapposition. The frame is fixed until the working cycle is repetition.

Inclined tray on 50 eggs

The main part is an aluminum base, with holes drilled in it for better air circulation. The maximum diameter is 1 cm. The sidewalls are made of laminate. Up to the middle, it is done in a step of 5 cm, through which the grid of the twine is intertwined for the retention of eggs.

For smaller eggs, you can make a grid in a step of 2.5 or 3 cm. DAN2N electric drive is used to rotate the axis. It is usually used for ventilation in the pipes. The drive power is enough for a slow tilt of 45 °. Management for changing the position carries out a timer that opens and closes the contacts every 2.5-3 hours.