Photo: Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Rogachevo

19th century engraving of St. Nicholas Church in the village of Rogachevo.

Rare photo of the temple. The end of the 19th century or the beginning of the 20th. The fence is still intact.

The history of the creation of the temple is described in detail in the book by I. Pokrovsky “The Trading Village of Rogachevo”, posted on our website. You can also read it from other sources, for example, in the work of A.F. Zakharova “Roads to the temple. St. Nicholas Church and the village of Rogachevo." In short, until the 17th century in Rogachevo, presumably, there was a wooden church in the name of St. John the Baptist. At the end of the 17th century, it was either demolished or burned down, and on this site they built a five-domed cold church in the name of St. Nicholas with a refectory and St. John the Baptist chapel. In 1849, this church, in turn, was demolished and in its place in 1853 a new one was built with two chapels: in the name of St. John the Baptist and in honor of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God. In August 1862, just 9 years later, this church was dismantled. Not otherwise than on the initiative of Moscow Honorary Citizen Kozma Grigorievich Moshkin, originally from Trekhdenev (parish of the village of Rogachevo). Obviously, he was a very wealthy Moscow merchant who made his money trading meat in Okhotny Ryad, where the Moscow Hotel and Okhotny Ryad Street are now. Read V. Gilyarovsky’s “Moscow and Muscovites”, and then “The Belly of Moscow”. Wonderful literature. After the death of K.G. Moshkin's work on the construction of the temple was continued by the nephew of the deceased - the merchant Ilya Matveevich Moshkin. The construction of the temple was completed by the construction of a very high four-tier bell tower by the St. Petersburg merchant Ivan Mikhailovich Gordeev (originally from Aleshin), and his brother, the Moscow merchant Semyon Mikhailovich Gordeev, was his assistant. Construction took place over 23 years.

ARCHITECTURE

A grandiose building with a bright artistic individuality of individual parts is a characteristic example of eclecticism with features of pseudo-Russian style.

Made of brick with white stone, it was built from 1850 to 1886 by gradually replacing parts of the previous brick church from the late 18th century.

The features of Tonov's architecture and the orientation towards the cathedral type were most fully embodied in the appearance of a five-domed cold church, which received the traditional forms of a four-pillar cross-domed church. Its compact centric volume, devoid of apses, is surrounded in the upper part by a large arcature, including windows, and is completed on top of the cornice with a tier of false zakomari, corresponding to the division of the facades. The arcature motif is repeated on drums topped with onion-shaped heads. The monumentality of the building is contradicted by the shredded structures in the spirit of the 17th century. the shapes of the porches and chapel along the east wall, added in the 1880s.

The four-pillar refectory has an original volumetric-spatial structure. The transverse orientation of the middle nave, covered with a cylindrical vault, is unusual, its width and height exceeding the neighboring compartments with cross vaults. The character of the interior is reflected in the composition of the facades, completed with a semicircular tympanum. A massive solid wooden drum with a dome rises above the roof of the refectory.

A huge brick church in the Russian-Byzantine style, built in place of an old stone church from the turn of the 17th-18th centuries. under the care of the Moshkins and Gordeevs. The four-pillar refectory with the Smolensky and Predtechensky chapels was built in 1849-1853.

The four-pillar, five-domed main temple was built in 1862-1886. Bell tower in 1877.

Architects: in 1877-1884 Grudzin V. O. Russian architect, civil engineer. Nobleman, Catholic. From 1842 he studied at the department of civil engineers of the Forestry and Land Surveying Institute. He worked on the construction of the Hermitage in St. Petersburg. From 1844 he served as an assistant civil engineer, from 1846 - as a civil engineer of the Tver Chamber of State Property. In 1849 he was appointed civil engineer of the Moscow Chamber of State Property. In 1866 he was appointed as an IGP technician. In the late 1860s - early 1870s, he was in charge of construction in the cities of the Moscow province. He had a private practice and became the author of several dozen church and civil buildings in Moscow and the Moscow province. In the 1880s, Shchepetov P.N. Russian artist. His works are known in churches in Moscow and the Moscow region at the end of the 19th century. Church of the Holy Spirit the Comforter (Paraclyte) in the Paraclete desert, Moscow region, Sergiev Posad district, village. Change. Church of the Resurrection of Christ, in Kadashi, Moscow, 2nd Kadashevsky lane, 7. Specialization - interiors, interior decoration.
In the church there was a copper chandelier for 48 candles weighing 60 pounds (almost a ton),
carved iconostasis by G.I. Lebedev and M.A. Ragozhin. On the side of the altar, on the square, there is a chapel.

On May 8, 1883, the Rogachevsky volost assembly decided to build a stone chapel in the village of Rogachevo in memory of the late Sovereign Emperor Alexander Nikolaevich and in commemoration of the prosperous reign of His Imperial Majesty Alexander Alexandrovich. “Driven by a feeling of deepest gratitude to the Sovereign Emperor and boundless devotion to Him, the said peasants, on the initiative of two of them, the villages of Rogacheova I. I. Koreshkova and F. A. Yurasova, decided to build at their own expense, according to the strength of each, an Icon with an image St. A. Nevsky, Mary Magdalene, and Dmitry Tsarevich, whose memory coincides with the day of the sacred coronation...”

“At the bottom of the icon on the enamel plate it is written: “With the diligence of Ivan Koreshkov, Fyodor Yurasov, Matvey Sudarikov, Ivan Arkharov, Gerasim Negin, Mikhail Burov. Petra Titinkina. Alexander Kuvykin, Peter and Pavel Tyulenin, Egor Rybakov, Ivan Knyazev, Ivan Sedov, Fedor and Ilya Romanov, Dmitry, Stepan and Vasily Kalistratov, Vasily Blinov, Alexey Mochalov, Pavel Filimonov, Alexey Terentyev, Ivan Keleinikov, Vasily Panyushkin, Maxim Knyazev. »

The monumental temple building was erected on a vast shopping area. Along the perimeter of the St. Nicholas Church, massive two-story residential buildings of the late 19th - early 20th centuries have been preserved, replacing the trading shops and the guest courtyard, which previously made up an entire block with the temple. The center of the square is surrounded by stone houses of wealthy Rogachev residents, which create a colorful picture of a provincial merchant town. The picture is spoiled by the poor architecture of a typical department store building built in the 80s of the last century. In addition to the majestic temple and wooden church, the cemetery in Rogachevo had: a public almshouse; two-year school of the Ministry of Public Education; women's zemstvo primary public school; parochial school (in Soviet times, the building of the Rogachevskaya secondary school. During perestroika, through the efforts of the Rogachevites, it was lost); zemstvo hospital with outpatient clinic; building of the Rogachevsky volost administration; postal station; private pharmacy; savings and loan; a free library created by I. Pokrovsky and an icon painting establishment. The center of the village was occupied by a public garden with a boulevard, the basis of which was the plantings of the former estate of church ministers. In 1865, at the parish cemetery in the village. Rogachev, a wooden church was built in the name of the Holy Great Martyr Dmitry of Thessalonica, transported from the village. Chernyaeva. Now lost. In 1936, St. Nicholas Church was looted and closed. The bells were thrown from the bell tower, and the temple premises were used as a vegetable storehouse. During a fire during the Great Patriotic War, the wall painting was completely lost.
In 1990, the temple was returned to the Orthodox Church, restoration work is being carried out. Services are held regularly. A Sunday school has been established at the church.
Common names: Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. Nicholas Church; Nicholas Church; St. Nicholas Church; St. Nicholas the Pleasant Church; Nicholas of Myra Church; St. Nicholas Church; Svyatonikol Church.

Story. Rogachevo is an ancient village. In the past, it was part of the Dmitrov appanage principality. The first written information about Rogachev dates back to the 15th century, when the Dmitrov prince Peter Dmitrievich (son of Dmitry Donskoy) donated it to the nearby Peshnoshsky monastery. Natural conditions contributed to the growth of the village, since it was located near the Yakhromskaya pier.

Here, goods were transshipped from shallow-water vessels to larger ones. Already in the 16th century. the village becomes a major trading center, many peasants become merchants. At that time, trade was carried out in salt, fish, bread, honey, lead, tin, and copper. Having finally supplanted agriculture, commercial activity by the 1880s. became the main one for the population. The prosperous lifestyle of the peasants led to the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. to the massive renovation of rural wooden buildings, mainly brick.

Until the 17th century in Rogachev there was a wooden church in the name of St. John the Baptist. At the end of the 17th century. on the old church site they built a five-domed cold church in the name of St. Nicholas with the refectory and St. John the Baptist chapel. In 1853, a new church was built with two chapels: in the name of St. John the Baptist and in honor of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God.

In 1862, the church was partially dismantled and, according to Dmitriev’s design, a beautiful stone five-domed church was built at the expense of the merchants Moshkin and the Gordeev brothers. The temple was created over the course of 23 years with the gradual replacement of parts of the previous brick structure. A grandiose building with a bright artistic individuality of individual parts is a characteristic example of eclecticism with features of pseudo-Russian style.

In 1936, St. Nicholas Church was looted and closed. The bells were thrown from the bell tower, the room was used as a vegetable storage. During the war years 1941-1945. During the fire, the wall painting executed by P. N. Shchepetov in the 1880s was completely lost, the carved iconostasis by M. A. Rozhin and G. A. Lebedev did not survive, and the copper chandelier for 48 candles weighing 60 pounds disappeared.

In 1990, the temple was returned to the Orthodox Church, restoration work is being carried out. Services are held regularly. A Sunday school has been established at the church.

When you drive along the second “concrete road” (Moscow Big Ring, highway A108), then almost halfway between and, a little to the side of the road, your gaze suddenly catches a huge five-domed temple with a high bell tower. It is much larger than the typical rural churches in our area. This is the ancient trading village of Rogachevo and Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.

The village of Rogachevo, Dmitrovsky district, Moscow region ends - one of the most beautiful routes in the northern Moscow region, passing through the hills. Further north there is a small road to the Bear Desert and. The road goes to the west to Klin, to the east - to Dmitrov. The mere fact that the village is located at the intersection of these roads speaks of the wealth of this settlement, due to its favorable geographical location. And so it was.

History of the village of Rogachevo

The first mention of the village of Rogachevo dates back to 1428, when the Dmitrov appanage prince Peter Dmitrievich (1385-1428, son of Dmitry Donskoy) donated it to the Nikolo-Peshnoshsky monastery, in whose possession it remained until the reign of Catherine the Great. Probably, Rogachevo was founded even earlier, in the 13th-14th centuries, during the era of the struggle between Moscow and Tver princes. It was located on the border of two large principalities; the Tver princes often devastated these lands.

The name of the village comes, according to the generally accepted version, from the word “rohatina” - in times of unrest, local residents defended themselves against uninvited guests with this bladed weapon. According to another version, from the word “horn”, which also means the arrow of a river: not far from Rogachev, the Yakhroma River flows into Sestra.

Soon Rogachevo turned into a large trading center; river trade routes from Moscow to the Russian North passed through it. Large river ships came here along the Yakhroma River. Here the goods were reloaded onto lighter ships and transported further up the river, to Dmitrov. In the 17th century, this river route lost its significance, but Rogachevo retained its role as a local shopping center. A large road from Dmitrov to Klin and further to Korcheva, a large Volga port, also passed through Rogachevo (a story about it is yet to come).

The following figures indicate the scope of trade in Rogachev. Back in the 15th century, there were 20 monastery shops in Rogachev. At the beginning of the 17th century, customs duties were collected from the village, which indicates the large scale of trade. In the 18th century, Rogachev merchants traded in St. Petersburg and other cities of Russia, including remote ones.

On August 13, 1858, Emperor Alexander II visited Rogachevo with his wife Empress Maria Alexandrovna and children Nikolai Alexandrovich and Maria Alexandrovna.

Volost mayor Alexander Spiridonovich Sarafanov and foreman Ivan Gavrilovich Sedov presented the sovereign with bread and salt. Peasant Alexey Altynov presented the empress with a dozen apples in his cap, and peasant woman Marya Astasheva presented the children with a pound of bagels. All the gifts were accepted, and the empress deigned to ask about the welfare of the village and about the village church.

In 1885, in the village there were 50 shops, a guest house, 6 taverns, 4 drinking establishments with a wine warehouse and cellars, 4 tanneries and one glue factory. Two markets were held weekly, and two fairs annually: Nikolskaya and on the tenth Friday after Easter. Twice a year, prefabricated markets were also held: in the winter before St. Nicholas Day and on Monday of the third week of Lent. They traded in haberdashery, textiles, colonial goods, meat, and bread. Up to 10 thousand people came to Rogachev fairs; the annual trading working capital reached more than a million rubles. Goods (except for meat) were brought here from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Rostov, Rybinsk and Pskov fairs. Rogachev merchants also traded in Moscow, on Okhotny Ryad. Residents of Rogachev were also engaged in the shoe, cobbler and toy industries.

Priest Ilya Pokrovsky, who published the book “The Trading Village of Rogachevo” in 1886, wrote:

The modern Rogachev people are very intelligent, religious, active, enterprising and extremely hardworking.

History has preserved the names of Rogachev traders: Kvaskov, Blinov, Mochalov, Moshkin, Sarafanov. Gordeev was a major meat trader. The tanneries were owned by Yurasov and Arkharov.

The village grew quickly. Now it has 12 streets and two alleys. And it is not surprising that the huge St. Nicholas Church, the largest rural church in the Moscow region, appeared here. Until the 17th century, there was a wooden church of John the Baptist here. At the end of the century, a cold five-domed church in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with a refectory and a chapel of John the Baptist was erected in its place. In 1849 it was dismantled, and in 1853 a new stone one was built, with two borders in honor of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God and John the Baptist.

In 1862, with funds from local merchants Moshkins and Gordeevs, construction began on the huge St. Nicholas Church in the Russian-Byzantine style, which included an old refectory with two chapels. Construction of the cathedral lasted 23 years and was completed in 1886. The bell tower was built in 1877. The church had a copper chandelier for 48 candles weighing 60 pounds, a carved iconostasis by M. A. Ragozhin.

St. Nicholas Church in the village of Rogachevo, photo from the late 19th century

In 1935, Rogachevo became the center of the Communist district of the Moscow region (abolished in 1957). From November 27 to December 9, 1941, the village was occupied by the Germans. Currently, Rogachevo is a large village where there is a kindergarten, a secondary school, a hospital, a stadium, and a chain of shops. A mini-museum “My Native Antiquity” has been created in the Rogachev rural library.

In addition to the St. Nicholas Church in Rogachev, ancient stone houses on Cathedral Square and other streets, interesting wooden houses with carved platbands have been preserved.

Photos and impressions

I pass through Rogachevo on the way to the dacha. The Rogachevskoye Highway itself is of interest - there is beautiful nature here, as well as many interesting architectural monuments: ancient churches, estates.

Closer to Rogachev, the terrain becomes flat - the hills of the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge are left behind, and the Volga lowland begins. In one place, almost near the village, the leaves on the trees have been turning yellow since mid-summer - either the soil is like this, or some other anomaly.

Somewhere behind the trees you will glimpse the gilded dome of a bell tower. And then the whole complex appears in all its glory.

In the village, which is not common, you come across stone buildings - evidence of past luxury and wealth.

Most of them are concentrated on the central (Cathedral) square.

Cathedral Square in the village of Rogachev

The temple also looks impressive from the other side, when you enter the village from the Great Moscow Ring (Route A108).

Cathedral Square is almost always crowded. Here, next to the temple, there is a local market, shops, several monuments, and a taxi stand.

House on Cathedral Square

Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker

Houses on Cathedral Square

Behind the monument on the back right is the local library building, where a local museum is being created by library staff and local residents.

St. Nicholas Church amazes with its size. Up close it looks even bigger. It is currently undergoing restoration, but services are already underway.

He is so huge that he almost doesn’t fit into the lens, although I moved almost to the other end of the square.

It may not be worth going specifically to Rogachevo. But if you combine a visit to the village with a trip to the Medvedev Hermitage and, you will get a very interesting route through one of the most beautiful corners of the Northern Moscow region.

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(Russia, Moscow region, Dmitrovsky district, Rogachevo, highway [P 113])

Even before reaching Rogachevo, you can see the majestic silhouette of the St. Nicholas Cathedral, grandiose even by the capital’s standards, called a church in most sources...
This monumental building was erected on a vast shopping area in the second half of the 19th century. through the diligence of local wealthy entrepreneurs - the Moshkins and Gordeevs. The four-tier bell tower was completed in 1877. These two volumes are connected to each other by means of an extended four-pillar refectory (1853), completed by a massive, squat drum with a dome. The Cold Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker is a majestic four-pillar temple, cross-domed type, in the best traditions of Tonovsky architecture.

Fragment of the historical buildings of Rogachevo with St. Nicholas Cathedral

The centric volume of the temple, devoid of apses, is surrounded in the middle part by a large arcature, including arched windows, and is completed on top of the cornice with a tier of zakomari, corresponding to the division of the facades. The arcature motif is repeated on light drums with onion-shaped heads. All decorative elements of the building are large and large-scale; the exception is the chapel and porches, stylized in the spirit of the 17th century, and added in the 1880s.
Along the perimeter of the St. Nicholas Church, massive two-story residential buildings of the late 19th - early 20th centuries have been preserved, replacing the trading shops and the guest courtyard, which previously made up an entire block with the temple. Brick houses of mediocre architecture are of little interest in themselves, but on the whole they create a colorful picture of a provincial merchant town, the center of which, as usual, is lined with wooden huts, as if growing out of lushly flowering gardens and orchards.
There is also a solid bridge across the Lbovka River, which seems to have been built before the revolution, and a shaking cobblestone road.
Bishop Alexy of Dmitrov, who visited the village in 1883, called it a city several times. And it was not for nothing that, in addition to the majestic temple and wooden church, in the churchyard in Rogachevo there were: a public almshouse; two-class school of the Ministry of Public Education; women's zemstvo primary public school; zemstvo hospital with outpatient clinic; building of the Rogachevsky volost administration; postal station; private pharmacy; free library and icon painting establishment. The center of the village was occupied by a public garden with a boulevard, the basis of which was formed by the plantings of the former estate of the clergy.
The community of St. Nicholas Church is empty, services are held in the refectory.