The finished hydrocollector is connected to the boiler, and then the heating system and "warm floors" are connected to the pipes of the first one. The return from the heating radiators is stabilized in the hydrocollector and, already prepared, is supplied for floor heating.

The piping of the heating boiler is a mandatory procedure that will be required if you decide to mount the entire system yourself. This article will help you understand many of the nuances and take into account possible pitfalls. You should deal with various schemes and solutions.

What it is?

Simply put, this is a sequence of actions that includes the calculation and connection of various components. This is necessary so that the entire system functions smoothly, and the boiler can operate with the highest possible efficiency. This will contribute to high efficiency and economical energy consumption.

The set of components will depend on which type of system is chosen:

• natural or gravitational circulation;
• forced circulation;
• mixed.

For the first option, it will be as follows:

• Boiler. This is the heart of the whole mechanism. It is he who, heating the liquid, makes it act in accordance with the laws of physics - to rise up and pass along the entire circuit. Then, cooling down, it returns to its original point. For the variant of natural circulation, floor heating devices are used.
• Pipes. For such a solution, metal pipes of large diameter will be relevant (in some cases, the supply pipe may be 2 ″). It is important that there is no resistance from the line for free circulation of water.
• Expansion tank. It can be both open - in contact with the environment - and closed - not in contact with air. No additional membranes are used here, because there is no need to maintain the set pressure. It is mounted at the highest point of the entire system.
• Batteries. Both cast iron and steel radiators can be used.
• Mayevsky's crane. It is desirable that it be installed on all batteries where it is needed. In this case, it will be possible to bleed air from the battery at any time.
• Fitting. The most commonly used metal threaded or welded corners, tees, bends and other connectors.

The advantages of such a system are ease of installation, availability of all components, and the possibility of self-installation. The disadvantages include the significant dimensions of the components, which greatly affects the appearance. Also, the other side of the coin is inertia or slow heating of the entire wiring.

For systems with forced circulation, the components will be as follows:

• Boiler. In this case, you can use any option. The strapping of a wall-mounted device is fundamentally similar, but includes additional elements. Also, this type of heater is equipped with additional protective systems.
• Pipes. With this implementation, both metal and all types of suitable plastic products can be used.
• Expansion tank. Here it is of the membrane type. Inside it is a "pear", it allows you to maintain the pressure inside all circuits at the same level. Usually installed near the equipment.
• Radiators. The same options can be applied as in the previous scheme. Steel will be more economical. They contain less water, so it heats up faster and uses less fuel.
• Mayevsky's cranes. Installation is the same as in the previous version. In addition, a relief valve for air can be installed, which automatically removes it from the circuits.
• Fittings are selected depending on which pipe is used for installation.
• Circulation pump . Usually it is already installed in the heating appliance. If there are several circuits using a collector, additional units are mounted.
• Hydraulic arrow. This is a very important element that makes it possible to create a balance between the different contours in the ray arrangement. It is designed to equalize pressure and ensure that hot media is delivered to every point on time.
• Pressure gauge. Usually found in all modern equipment. If it is not there, then it is installed next to the heating device. It is necessary in order to control the constancy of pressure within the entire system.
• Collector. The element from which the wiring of various circuits is carried out is supplied with a coolant.

The positive aspects of such a wiring are a high heating rate of the entire coolant, a more economical consumption of gas or electricity. With this option, it is possible to increase the length of the circuits in order to carry out the installation of a water-heated floor. The disadvantages usually include the high cost of work, a certain difficulty in maintenance and the impossibility of functioning in the absence of electrical energy.

In a mixed system, circulation can be carried out in two ways. The pump cuts parallel to the main circuit without breaking it. Two cranes are installed on the inlets to the device in order to cut it off at any time, as well as one locking mechanism on the main pipe under it. This valve closes when the pump is running. If you want the system to work in automatic mode, then instead of a tap, you need to install a check valve. The entire system usually also consists of metal pipes.

Plastic pipes are widespread. This is due to the affordable price, as well as versatility. Thanks to this solution, you can bypass any obstacles and complete a contour of any complexity. Joining of pipes is done using fittings and a soldering iron. If possible, it is best to try to get by with as few connections as possible. This is due to the fact that the inner diameter often narrows at the soldering points, and this creates unnecessary hydrostatic stress and lowers the efficiency. If the design allows, then it is better to use taps with a smooth transition, this will exclude sharp drops. Modern polypropylene can withstand media temperatures up to 95º without any problems, service life is up to 50 years without the need for serious maintenance.

Seat selection

For natural circulation systems, a floor-standing boiler is usually selected. There is one very important condition in relation to it - it must be at the lowest point of all contours. This is explained by the fact that air bubbles should not accumulate in it. Otherwise, the heat exchanger will burn out faster. Also, at the outlet there should be a pipe, which, after the transition, has a vertical arrangement, this is necessary so that the air can freely rise upward, and subsequently be removed through a special relief valve or through an open expansion tank.

In the case of installing a forced system, this condition may not be met. Wall samples can be installed both at the highest point in some cases, and at the lowest point when the heater is installed in the basement.

When piping a double-circuit boiler is performed , in addition, it is necessary to ensure its connection to the water supply system. This is necessary because it not only heats up the coolant for the heating system, but also heats running water, which will be used for domestic needs. For single-circuit, a similar scheme can also be implemented. But this can only be done when installing a secondary heat exchanger. A metal cylinder can act in its role, through which the supply pipe to the system is launched.

Nuances for a solid fuel boiler

Such equipment cannot be simply turned off, like gas or electric. If a download was carried out, then nothing will change until the fuel is completely burned out. Therefore, with such a strapping, it is necessary to provide for protection systems. They can be of several types:

• Using tap liquid. To implement this option, a special device is purchased. In appearance, it resembles a heating element. It is built into the heat exchanger, some manufacturers specifically provide an additional input for such solutions. After that, running water is supplied, and the outlet pipe is lowered into the sewer. The essence of the method lies in the fact that when the circulation pump stops working due to a lack of electrical energy or a breakdown, a valve opens, which lets in cold water, it, passing through the coil, takes a part of the temperature, and then is discharged into the sewer. The process continues until the fuel is completely burned out. In some situations, this method will be ineffective, since when the light is turned off, the pressure in the water supply also disappears.
• Uninterrupted power supply unit. Various options are available today. Most of them support the connection of external batteries. The duration of operation will depend on the selected battery capacity. In this case, the pump is connected to the mains via the UPS. As soon as the electrical energy is lost, a device comes into play, which maintains the pump's operation until the moment when the power supply to the house is restored or until the batteries are discharged.
• Small gravity contour. It implies the circulation of the medium in a small circle, which does not require the use of a pump. It is made in compliance with all slopes and pipe diameters.
• Additional gravity circuit. This option implies the presence of two full contours. At the same time, when an emergency situation arises and forced circulation disappears, hot water under the influence of physical laws continues to flow into the second circle, giving the temperature to heating devices.

These are additional components, which for the most part are already part of modern boilers.

• Automatic relief valve. In appearance, it may resemble a valve-like structure or a small barrel with a nipple at the top. In order to find out if it is in the design of the device, you need to look at the design features of the connection pipes, usually it is located there.
• Dirt trap. A special flask that allows you to remove unnecessary elements from the heating circuits that got there when filling the system. It is installed in front of the entrance to the boiler. It is necessary to clean it periodically.
• Coarse filter. An ordinary tap is used. It is usually mounted at the inlet of the main line to the equipment.

Sequence of installation work

• Mounting. If a solid fuel version of the boiler is used, care must be taken to ensure that there is a solid base under it that will be resistant to high temperatures. For the gas floor-standing and wall-mounted turbocharged version, a hole is made in the wall through which a branch pipe is drawn out for the discharge of exhaust gases and the supply of fresh air. For the chimney option and solid fuel equipment, it will be necessary to bring an additional pipe to the required height to create traction.
• Chimney connection. For modern samples, a special pipe with two sleeves is provided, one goes inside the other. One is used to withdraw, the other is to be fed. In other embodiments, a clay solution is used to seal the joint. It is undesirable to use cement, as it will crack quickly.
• Ensuring good air supply. For solid fuel, an additional supply valve can be supplied, with which it will be possible to regulate the incoming air and the combustion force.
• Installation of piping. When the device is installed, it is easier to navigate how best to lay the line.
• In parallel, the connection of systems that will ensure safety, as well as expansion tanks, is being carried out.
• Install a circulation pump, if necessary.
• Installation of additional temperature sensors.
• Connection to the gas pipeline. It must be remembered that such a connection must be rigid without the use of flexible hoses.

In no case should you save on components and neglect protection systems. Which particular pipe routing method will be relevant in your case will depend on many factors, the main of which will be the device itself.

Video

This video shows how the strapping is done.

The efficiency of its further operation and service life depend on how correctly the piping of the solid fuel boiler is made. In operation, wood and coal heat generators differ from units using other types of fuel, therefore they require a special approach.

It is proposed to consider in detail how, after installing the heating wiring, to connect a solid fuel boiler, including with your own hands. You can find a description of the various schemes for connecting a TT boiler to the heating system in this material.

What is the difference between solid fuel boilers

In addition to burning various types of solid fuels, heat generators have a number of differences from other heat sources. These features must be taken for granted and always taken into account when piping a solid fuel boiler with a water heating system. What are they:

1. High inertia. At the moment, there are no ways to abruptly extinguish the burnt out solid fuel in the combustion chamber.
2. Condensation formation in the firebox during warming up. The peculiarity is manifested due to the entry into the boiler tank of a coolant with a low temperature (below 50 ° C).

Note. The phenomenon of inertia is absent only in one type of solid fuel units - pellet boilers. They have a burner, where wood pellets are fed in metered doses, after stopping the supply, the flame goes out almost immediately.

The inertia creates the danger of overheating of the heater's water jacket, as a result of which the coolant in it boils. Steam is generated, which creates a high pressure, bursting the housing of the unit and part of the supply line. As a result, there is a lot of water in the furnace room, a lot of steam and a solid fuel boiler unsuitable for further operation.

A similar situation can arise when the piping of the heat generator is not done correctly. Indeed, in fact, the normal operating mode of wood-burning boilers is maximum, it is at this time that the unit reaches its passport efficiency. When the thermostat reacts to the heating agent reaching a temperature of 85 ° C and closes the air damper, combustion and smoldering in the firebox still continues. The water temperature rises by another 2-4 ° C, or even more, before its growth stops.

In order to avoid overpressure and a subsequent accident, an important element is always involved in the piping of a solid fuel boiler - a safety group, more about it will be discussed below.

Another unpleasant feature of the unit's operation on wood is the appearance of condensation on the inner walls of the firebox due to the passage of an unheated coolant through the water jacket. This condensate is not God's dew at all, since it is an aggressive liquid, from which the steel walls of the combustion chamber quickly corrode. Then, mixing with the ash, the condensate turns into a sticky substance, it is not so easy to tear it off the surface. The problem is solved by installing a mixing unit in the piping of a solid fuel boiler.

For owners of heat generators with cast iron heat exchangers that are not afraid of corrosion, it is early to breathe a sigh of relief. They can expect another trouble - the possibility of destruction of cast iron from a temperature shock. Imagine that in a private house the electricity was turned off for 20-30 minutes and the circulation pump, which drives water through a solid fuel boiler, stopped. During this time, the water in the radiators has time to cool down, and in the heat exchanger - to heat up (due to the same inertia).

Electricity appears, the pump turns on and directs the cooled coolant from the closed heating system into the heated boiler. From a sharp temperature drop, a temperature shock occurs at the heat exchanger, the cast-iron section cracks, and water runs to the floor. It is very difficult to repair, it is not always possible to replace the section. So, even in this situation, the mixing unit will prevent an accident, which will be discussed later.

Emergency situations and their consequences are described not in order to scare users of solid fuel boilers or induce them to buy unnecessary elements of piping circuits. The description is based on practical experience that must always be considered. With the correct connection of the heating unit, the likelihood of such consequences is extremely low, almost the same as for heat generators using other types of fuel.

How to connect a solid fuel boiler

The canonical scheme for connecting a solid fuel boiler contains two main elements that allow it to function reliably in the heating system of a private house. This is a safety group and a mixing unit based on and a temperature sensor shown in the picture:

Note. The expansion tank is not conventionally shown here - it must be connected to the return line of the heating system in front of the pump (in the direction of water flow).

The presented diagram shows how to connect the unit correctly and is used with any solid fuel boilers, including pellet ones. You can find various general heating schemes - with a heat accumulator, an indirect heating boiler or a hydraulic arrow, on which this unit is not shown, but it must be there. The method of protection against moisture loss in the firebox is discussed in detail in the video:

The task of the safety group, installed directly at the outlet of the supply pipe of a solid fuel boiler, is to automatically release the pressure in the network when it rises above the set value (usually - 3 Bar). It is engaged in this, and besides it, the element is equipped with a pressure gauge. The first releases the air that appears in the coolant, the second serves to control the pressure.

Attention! On the section of the pipeline between the safety group and the boiler, it is not allowed to install any shut-off valves. If you supplied a ball valve for cutting off and repairing group parts, remove the handle from the stem.

How the circuit works

The mixing unit, which protects the heat generator from condensate and temperature extremes, works according to the following algorithm, starting from kindling:

1. The wood is just burning up, the pump is on, the valve on the side of the heating system is closed. The coolant circulates in a small circle through the bypass.
2. When the temperature in the return pipeline rises to 50-55 ° C, where there is a remote-mounted sensor, the thermal head, at its command, begins to press on the stem of the three-way valve.
3. The valve slowly opens and cold water gradually enters the boiler, mixing with hot water from the bypass.
4. As all the radiators warm up, the total temperature rises and then the valve closes the bypass completely, passing the entire coolant through the heat exchanger of the unit.

An important nuance. Paired with a 3-way valve, a special head with a sensor and a capillary is installed, designed to regulate the water temperature in a certain range (for example, 40 ... 70 or 50 ... 80 degrees). A conventional radiator thermal head will not work.

This piping scheme is the simplest and most reliable, its installation can be easily done with your own hands and thus ensure the safe operation of a solid fuel boiler. There are a couple of recommendations regarding this, especially when tying a wood heater in a private house with polypropylene or other polymer pipes:

1. Make the section of the pipe from the boiler to made of metal, and then lay the plastic.
2. Thick-walled polypropylene does not conduct heat well, which is why the patch sensor will openly lie, and the three-way valve will lag behind. For the unit to work correctly, the section between the pump and the heat generator, where the copper bulb is located, must also be metal.

Another point is the location of the circulation pump. It is best for him to stand where he is shown in the diagram - on the return line in front of the wood-burning boiler. In general, you can put the pump on the supply, but remember what was mentioned above: in an emergency, steam may appear in the supply pipe.

The pump is unable to pump gases, therefore, when the chamber is filled with steam, the impeller will stop, the circulation of the coolant will stop. This will accelerate a possible explosion of the boiler, because it will not be cooled by the water flowing from the return.

A way to reduce the cost of strapping

The condensation protection circuit can be reduced in cost by installing a three-way mixing valve of a simplified design, which does not require the connection of a patch temperature sensor and thermal head. A thermostatic element is already installed in it, set to a fixed mixture temperature of 55 or 60 ° C, as shown in the figure:

Note. Many well-known brands such as Herz Armaturen, Danfoss, Regulus and others produce similar valves that maintain a fixed temperature of the mixed outlet water and are intended for installation in the primary circuit of a solid fuel boiler.

The installation of such an element definitely allows you to save on the piping of the TT-boiler. But at the same time, the possibility of changing the temperature of the coolant with the help of the thermal head is lost, and its deviation at the outlet can reach 1-2 ° C. In most cases, these disadvantages are insignificant.

Option of piping with a buffer tank

The presence of a buffer tank is highly desirable for the operation of a boiler on solid fuels and here's why. In order for the unit to function efficiently and produce heat with the efficiency declared in the passport (from 75 to 85% for different types), it must operate at maximum mode. When the air damper is closed in order to slow down the combustion, there is a lack of oxygen in the firebox and the efficiency of burning firewood decreases. At the same time, emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) into the atmosphere increase.

For reference. It is precisely because of emissions in most European countries that it is prohibited to operate solid fuel boilers without a buffer tank.

On the other hand, at maximum combustion, the temperature of the coolant in modern heat generators reaches 85 ° C, and one bookmark of firewood lasts only 4 hours. This does not suit many owners of private houses. The solution to the problem is to put a buffer tank and include it in the piping of the TT-boiler in such a way that it serves as a storage tank. Schematically it looks like this:

When the firebox is burning with might and main, the buffer tank accumulates heat (in technical language - it is loaded), and after damping it gives it to the heating system. To control the temperature of the coolant supplied to the radiators, a three-way mixing valve and a second pump are also installed on the other side of the storage tank. Now it is not at all necessary to run to the boiler every 4 hours, because after the firebox decays, the heating of the house will provide a buffer tank for some time. How long depends on its volume and heating temperature.

Reference. Based on practical experience, the capacity of the heat accumulator can be determined as follows: a private house with an area of ​​200 m² will need a tank with a volume of at least 1 m³.

There are a couple of important nuances. In order for the piping scheme to work safely, you need a solid fuel boiler, whose power will be enough for simultaneous heating and loading the buffer tank. This means that power is required 2 times higher than the calculated one. Another point is the selection of the pump capacity in such a way that the flow rate in the boiler circuit slightly exceeds the amount of flowing water in the heating circuit.

An interesting option for joining a TT-boiler with a home-made buffer tank (it is also an indirect heating boiler) without a pump is demonstrated by ours in the video:

Joint connection of two boilers

To increase the comfort of heating a private house, many owners install two or more heat sources operating on different energy sources. At the moment, the most relevant combinations of boilers for:

• natural gas and wood;
• solid fuels and electricity.

Accordingly, the gas and solid fuel boiler must be connected in such a way that the second automatically replaces the first one after burning the next portion of firewood. The same requirements are put forward for the strapping of an electric boiler with a wood-burning one. It is quite simple to do this when a buffer tank is involved in the piping scheme, since it simultaneously plays the role of a hydraulic arrow, which is shown in the figure.

Advice. You will find information on calculating the volume of the buffer tank.

As you can see, due to the presence of an intermediate storage tank, 2 different boilers can serve several distribution heating circuits at once - batteries and underfloor heating, and in addition load an indirect heating boiler. But not everyone installs a heat accumulator with a TT boiler, since it is not a cheap pleasure. For this case, there is a simple scheme, and you can assemble it yourself:

Note. The scheme is valid for both an electric and a gas heat generator operating together with a solid fuel one.

The main source of heat here is the wood-burning heater. After the firewood bookmark burns out, the air temperature in the house begins to drop, which is registered by the room thermostat sensor and immediately turns on the heating with an electric boiler. Without a new load of firewood, the temperature in the supply pipe decreases and the overhead mechanical thermostat turns off the pump of the solid fuel unit. If, after some time, you light it up, then everything will happen in the reverse order. Details about this method of joint connection are described in the video:

Strapping by the method of primary and secondary rings

There is another way of joint piping of a solid fuel boiler with an electric one to provide a large number of consumers. This is a method of primary and secondary circulation rings, which provides for hydraulic separation of flows, but without the use of a hydraulic arrow. Also, for reliable operation of the system, a minimum of electronics is required, and a controller is not needed at all, despite the apparent complexity of the circuit:

The trick is that all consumers and boilers are connected to one primary circulation ring both by the supply pipeline and by the return. Due to the small distance between the connections (up to 300 mm), the pressure drop is minimal compared to the head of the main circuit pump. Due to this, the movement of water in the primary ring does not depend on the operation of the pumps of the secondary rings. Only the temperature of the coolant changes.

Theoretically, any number of heat sources and secondary rings can be included in the main circuit. The main thing is to choose the right pipe diameters and the performance of the pumping units. The actual capacity of the main ring pump must exceed the flow in the most "voracious" secondary circuit.

To achieve this, it is necessary to perform a hydraulic calculation and only then it will be possible to select the right pumps, so that an ordinary homeowner cannot do without the help of specialists. In addition, it is necessary to link the work of solid fuel and electric boilers by installing shut-off thermostats, which is described in the following video:

Conclusion

As you can see, it is not so easy to correctly make the piping of a solid fuel boiler. The question must be treated responsibly and before performing installation and connection work, additionally consult with a specialist whose qualifications are beyond doubt. For example, with someone who gives explanations in the videos presented.

Autonomous heating allows you not to depend on the established consumption rates, the price policy of heat suppliers and their mood. That makes it possible to independently control the heating process and maintain the most comfortable temperature in the house, while saving resources.

And if you have a do-it-yourself heating boiler piping, then it will last longer, and will “take away” less financial resources, isn't it? But you have never been involved in strapping, and at first glance the word itself seems incomprehensible to you?

Do not be afraid of the abundance of pipes, devices and technological stages - after reading the article, you will be able to do this work. Here, strapping schemes for floor and wall types of heating equipment are considered, illustrative photos and recommendations of specialists for performing strapping at home are selected.

Heating boiler piping is a system of pipelines and equipment designed to provide radiators with a coolant. Simply put, this is everything except batteries.

The first step is the choice of a heating boiler, the performance of which must be determined in advance.

The calculation of the required power of the heating unit is influenced by many factors, these are:

• the volume of the building;
• number of windows and total glazing area;
• the number and area of ​​doorways;
• thermal conductivity of materials used in the construction of walls;
• the degree of insulation of supporting structures;
• average annual temperature in the construction region;
• the location of the building, i.e. which of the cardinal points is the main, traditionally the most glazed, facade.

However, there is an average indicator that, without deep calculations, allows you to determine the required performance.

For the middle lane, 1 kW per 10 m² of heated area can be taken as a starting point (but not a guide to action!). It is imperative to add a margin of at least 20% to the calculated power of the heating boiler.

Heat for heating buildings is obtained by processing fuel in boilers that heat the heat carrier

Types of heating boilers

Conditionally, heating boilers can be divided into autonomous and manual loading.

Autonomous boilers, depending on the fuel used, are:

• liquid fuel.

The order in the list determines the cost of heating depending on the type of fuel: gas boilers will be the cheapest to operate.

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