Installation of wall and hanging gutters. Wall and suspended gutters what is the difference Procedure for performing roofing works

To protect the walls, the foundation of the house from rain or melt water, it is necessary to equip its roof with a water drainage system. If the water from the pitched roof flows directly to the ground (the so-called unorganized drainage), then over time, due to the high hydrostatic load, the basement and foundation can be destroyed, and the facade of the building can be damaged. Drainage systems collect water from the entire surface of the roof and direct it to one specially designated place. The water drainage system consists of several elements, including downpipes, wall or suspended gutters with fasteners, funnels for draining water. When choosing the elements of the drainage system, the aesthetic component should also be taken into account - its color and the materials from which the ebb tides are made should be combined with the roof, windows, platbands of the house.

The external organized drainage system is suitable for use in those climatic zones where the water in the external pipes will not freeze. When organizing such a water drainage system, the following points must be taken into account:

Wall and hanging gutters can be mounted on roofs with a slope of at least 15 degrees;
Installation of gutters should be carried out with a longitudinal slope of at least two degrees;
When calculating the area of drainpipes, it is assumed that one and a half centimeters of the pipe section should fall on one square meter of the roof.

Let us dwell in more detail on the structures of water drainage gutters and consider their features, advantages and disadvantages.

The drainage system will protect the house from the effects of precipitation and melt water

The wall gutter is installed at the edge of the roof slope near the roof overhang. The design is a low side, installed at a slight angle to the overhang so that two gutters, converging at the lowest point, hang directly above the funnel of the downpipe. Water, flowing down the roof, hits the wall of such a side and then goes directly into the pipe. The undoubted advantage of such a system is that it prevents the avalanche of snow from the roof and the formation of icicles.

The wall gutter is more durable than the suspended gutter and is more suitable for the harsh snowy Russian winters. Such structures are available both made of plastic and more durable metal. The material is selected depending on the material of the roof. So, for a copper roof, a copper wall gutter is best suited - the photo below shows an example of a roof and drainage system made of copper.

The disadvantage of wall structures is that in winter, ice and snow accumulating in them, when the temperature rises, are saturated with melt water, and leaks may occur.

The drainage system will protect the house from the effects of precipitation and melt water. Wall gutter

The suspended gutter is mounted under the eaves of the roof using special metal brackets that follow their shape. Fasteners are mounted either to the rafters or to the frontal (wind) board, which is located under the overhang. When installing, it must be borne in mind that in the case of attachment to the rafters, the brackets must have a different deflection, the value of which will increase towards the corner of the house, where, as a rule, the downpipe is attached. If installation is carried out to the frontal board, it is enough to install the fastening parts at different levels, thereby providing the structure with the required slope. It is best not to interrupt the gutter above the funnel of the downspout, but to cut a hole in this place of such a diameter so that water does not accumulate in it.

Suspended structures provide a complete collection of all water from the roof, including droplets from the eaves, which is their advantage. The disadvantages include susceptibility to deformations in the event of ice and icicles, in addition, snow and ice coming off the roof can tear the structure from the fasteners.

Hanging gutter is installed directly under the eaves

How to calculate the drainage system

Roof area is the main parameter on which the diameter of the elements of the weir system and the required number of funnels depend. When calculating, you need to take into account the following points:

If the roof of the house does not exceed 70 sq. m., the diameter of the pipes should be 50-75 mm, and the gutters - 70-155 mm;
For roofs with an area of more than 100 sq. m., the diameter of the drainpipes is 75-100 mm, and the cross-section of the gutters is 115-130 mm.
For roofs with an area of more than 100 sq. m. gutters with a diameter of 140-200 mm and pipes of 90-160 mm are required.

In addition, the slope angle must be correctly calculated. A shallow slope can cause it to overflow with water, and a large angle can prevent the funnel from passing the right amount of water. During installation, the slope of the gutters is made at the rate of 2-4 mm per one meter of its length.

Roof drainage system for protection from precipitation

A properly installed drainage system will help protect the walls and foundations of your home from damage caused by water ingress. When calculating and installing a structure, you need to take into account a number of important points: choose the right material of its constituent elements, determine the method of fastening and choose the angle of inclination of the gutters, calculate the diameter of the pipes and the number of funnels, etc. Therefore, in order to be sure that your home is reliably equipped with a high-quality drainage system, it is best to entrust this work to professionals.

For the installation of a wall gutter on the mounted eaves overhang, the previously drawn inclined lines (see Fig. 88) are restored to both sides of the watershed. On these lines, lighthouse hooks are installed near the funnels and on the watershed; their vertical bends should be on the indicated lines. Between the beacons (perpendicular to the lines), the remaining hooks are attached in the same way at intervals of 670-730 mm. The hook on the watershed is installed perpendicular to the eaves.

The prepared pictures of the gutters are collected, as well as the cornice covering. When making paintings, the direction of the water flow is taken into account. The assembly is carried out from the intake funnels to the watershed. The sides of the gutter are overlapped with each other, taking into account the direction of the water flow. At the same time, make sure that the upper edge of the paintings on the cornice is always located above the top of the gutter side. At the watershed and when joining at the funnel, the paintings are connected with a double recumbent fold. The sides of the gutters are fastened with rivets on the hooks. The upper longitudinal edge of the wall gutters is connected to the pictures of the ordinary coating with a seam seam. The tray is installed along the axis of the water intake area so that its tail flap is under the ends of the wall gutters to be connected.

Rice. 89. The device of the wall gutter:

1 - pin with bracket, 2 - water intake funnel, 3 - tray, 4 - gutter flooring, 5 - rafter foot, 6 - cornice flooring, 7 - purlins, 8 - wall gutter picture, 9, 13 - nails, 10 - crutch, 11 - gutter hook, 12 - cornice overhang picture , 14 - klamera

The lapel is secured with four 30X40 mm nails. The sides of the trays and gutters are connected with corner folds, bent to the inner planes of the tray sides (Fig. 89, node 2).

The funnel trays assembled in the corners of the roof of the building are somewhat different from the usual trays installed on its eaves. Whereas trays for eaves can be prepared in advance, corner trays are usually made on site according to field measurements. In this case, the width of the pictures of wall gutters, their position relative to the cornices and the height of the sides are taken into account.

Hanging gutters are semi-circular or rectangular trays that are hung directly under the eaves drain edge. Hanging gutters serve the same purpose as wall gutters. The water collected by the gutters is discharged to the funnels.

On the cornice, the gutter is positioned so that the water flowing from the slope does not overflow over its front side.

Before installing the tray brackets according to the level, check the horizontalness of the leading edge. The staples are attached in the following sequence. First, two extreme (lighthouse) brackets are installed, a cord is pulled between them and the rest of the brackets are marked and cut into the plank base.

The gutter raised on the cornice (Fig. 90) is placed on the tray brackets 2 and fastened with clamps 6. To avoid the consequences of the expansion of the gutter during temperature fluctuations, compensators are arranged in it or movable seams are made.

The compensator is a water intake funnel, into which freely laid ends of suspended gutters enter from both sides. This design of the gutter allows it to freely lengthen or shorten by 10-15 mm, which is quite enough for temperature changes at different times of the year.

The movable seam is made at the point of the highest rise of the gutters. Here, the end ends of the gutters are sealed with tin plugs. A temperature gap of 30-40 mm is left between their ends. Both ends of the gutters are closed on top with a tin cover (two slopes), through which water flows into the ends of the gutters. In some cases, you can restrict yourself to rigid attachment of the gutter to one of the brackets located in its middle, leaving the ends only movably fixed in the clamps.

Rice. 90. The device of the suspended gutter:

a, b. c - options for the device of gutters (villages are given at the points of the highest rise); 1 - gutter, 2 - tray bracket, 3 - roof, 4 - flooring, 5 - rivet, b - glue, 7 - screw with a recessed head, 8- picture of eaves overhang, 9 - nail, 10- spacer

The device of water intake funnels. Water intake funnels are made of round or rectangular shape. In both cases, one or two holes are arranged in them for entering the gutters. The funnel is attached to the eaves with a standard pin with a crimp clamp. It is recommended to additionally fasten the flaps of the funnel rim with rivets to both sides of the tray. After that, pictures of eaves overhangs (if any) are laid and proceeded to cover.

Roof drainage: internal or external

When snow melts and especially with heavy rains, the problem of draining water from the roof will arise as acute as possible, since its excess will sooner or later lead to a violation of the integrity of the house structure, right down to the foundation. There is no shortage of ready-made systems of this kind on the market today. In order for them to function effectively, it is enough just to correctly connect the elements to each other.

Types of drainage systems

The drainage system from the roof can be internal and external. The choice of the system is based on such parameters as the temperature regime of the premises, the profile and structure of the coating, the length of the slopes and the amount of precipitation in the construction region.

Internal drainage from the roof involves the location of pipes inside the building, usually at some distance from the walls. It consists of inlet funnels, branch pipes, risers and outlet. If it is correctly installed, it will work effectively both at positive external temperatures and negative ones. Internal drainage is considered the most reliable option for removing water from roofs, since a positive temperature in a heated building practically eliminates the risk of water freezing in risers. Most often, the drainage of water from such a system is carried out into the external sewage network, rain or general.

External drainage from the roof, in turn, is divided into:

unorganized - in these systems, water is drained along the eaves of the cornice;
organized - ensures the discharge of flowing water through the gutters to the external downpipes.

The first option has a number of disadvantages, due to which they are rarely envisaged. In particular, with such an organization of water flow, the walls can be moistened, which leads to a decrease in their thermal performance and durability, and the ice formed on the eaves cause the destruction of the roof. In the case of an organized drainage system, the disadvantages of this type are manifested to a much lesser extent, however, the water in the gutters and drain pipes should not freeze, otherwise the entire system will be under the threat of failure. Therefore, if the installation of an anti-icing system for gutters is not provided, an organized external drainage system is more suitable for those climatic zones where the water in the external elements of the system will not freeze. Any external drainage system includes suspended and horizontal wall gutters, vertical drain pipes and drains, through which the vertical drainage elements are connected to the horizontal ones.

The chute is the most important element of the system

Wall gutter

Although this element is called a wall element, in fact, it is located at the very edge of the ramp, very close to the eaves overhang. By design, these are low sides of 15–20 cm, which act as a water barrier. The trays are installed at an angle to the overhang so that the two of them, converging at the lowest level, hang directly over the funnel of the drain pipe. When water drains from the roof, it hits the side and then rushes along the path of least resistance, that is, towards the funnel.

In conditions of very rare rains, the angle of inclination is insignificant - only a couple of millimeters per running meter of the gutter. An angle of 15⁰ is considered optimal - with any amount of precipitation, they will not overlap the barrier. In addition, such a design prevents the formation of icicles and landslide snow from the roof, which is undoubtedly an advantage. Fastening of one tray to another is carried out in different ways - with a double lying fold or glue, depending on the material. The installation of wall gutters is started after covering the eaves.

Suspension

Unlike a wall-mounted, a rain (suspended) gutter is fixed directly under the eaves of the roof and so tightly that water that has gained some speed from the roof does not flow under the tray. It is usually held in weight by special hooks made of metal, they are given a shape corresponding to the tray. The brackets, if they are carried out beyond the upper edge of the wall, are attached to the rafters or to the frontal board, which is located under the overhang.

In the first case, the deflections of the brackets differ and increase as they approach the location of the drainpipes, as a rule, to the corners of the building. When fastened to a wind board, the fasteners are simply positioned at different levels to provide the required slope.

The angle of inclination of the gutter in the drainage system depends on the intensity of precipitation falling per year.

The chute, generally speaking, should not be interrupted anywhere, even above the funnel. During installation, a hole is cut in this place so that its throughput is sufficient to prevent water from accumulating at a high pressure.

Calculation of gutters

The usual length is three to four meters. The required number is calculated based on the perimeter of the roof. Next, they calculate additional accessories:

connectors - one for two trays;
hooks - one for every 60 cm of its length;
plugs - for each end structure.

Assembling the structure

The trays are connected with special elements, in the upper part of which there are grips. It is in them that the edges of the gutter are fixed. Corner joints are made through special elements for an outer and inner corner, that is, the grooves in these places can no longer be sawed and unnecessary joints can be avoided. On sections longer than 18 m, instead of the standard connection, an expansion joint is used, on both sides of which brackets are mounted under the gutter.

Types of gutters: material and sectional shape

May differ in cross-sectional shape. For example,

semicircular - universal, they can be used for any roof, and because of this they are the most popular. The special shape of the edges of the tray provides element rigidity and resistance to mechanical stress.
semi-elliptical - due to their high carrying capacity, they are excellent for large roof areas.

They are also distinguished by the material of manufacture. Let's note some of the most common options.

Plastic. During the production process, they are coated with an acrylic or titanium dioxide layer, which increases their resistance to weathering. Plastic, as a rule, is painted over in bulk, so small defects, say, scratches, which over time may appear on the surface of the product are hardly noticeable. Installation of the drain is carried out by means of latches, couplings equipped with rubber gaskets, or gluing.

Steel. These are galvanized products covered with a polymer material that is resistant to corrosion, mechanical stress and fading. A wide color palette allows you to easily select the gutter to match the color of the facade or roof. The connection is made using locks or brackets equipped with latches with rubber gaskets. Installation is facilitated by snap-on brackets and holders.

Aluminum. Usually they are varnished or painted in different colors and thus provide anti-corrosion protection. The elements of the system are connected by riveting, then the joints are sealed with silicone, special paste or glue for aluminum.

Drain system

It is clear that the water flowing from the roof will eventually drain through the pipes, but how does it get there? Trays and pipes are connected to each other through a kind of adapter - funnel. There are several design options for such a part:

inclined with an angled neck;
adjustable inclined, the position of the neck can be changed arbitrarily;
with expansion functions, with the same functions as a similar connector.

From below, a conventional pipe with an expander or an elbow is connected to its branch pipe, which can provide a rotation of 45⁰, 60⁰ or 75⁰. The transitional element can also consist of two bends, each of them can be bent at the required angle.

In the middle, the drain can be equipped with a tee for branching. The lower part of the drain can pass into

simple drain that provides a nozzle with a hole;
collector, in this case, mount a nozzle with the same diameter as the point collector.

Features of installation of wall and suspended gutters in the drainage system

Video instruction for the installation of the drainage system

Organized external drainage

Wall and hanging gutters can be mounted on roofs with a slope of at least 15 degrees;
Installation of gutters should be carried out with a longitudinal slope of at least two degrees;
When calculating the area of drainpipes, it is assumed that one and a half centimeters of the pipe section should fall on one square meter of the roof.

Let us dwell in more detail on the structures of water drainage gutters and consider their features, advantages and disadvantages.

Wall gutter

The disadvantage of wall structures is that in winter, ice and snow accumulating in them, when the temperature rises, are saturated with melt water, and leaks may occur.

Hanging gutter

How to calculate the drainage system

If the roof of the house does not exceed 70 sq. m., the diameter of the pipes should be 50-75 mm, and the gutters - 70-155 mm;
For roofs with an area of more than 100 sq. m., the diameter of the drainpipes is 75-100 mm, and the cross-section of the gutters is 115-130 mm.
For roofs with an area of more than 100 sq. m. gutters with a diameter of 140-200 mm and pipes of 90-160 mm are required.

Wall and suspended gutters

Device diagram wall gutter in the outer corners of the house on a pitched rafter roof of a house is shown in Fig. 1.

Diagram of the device for a wall gutter in the outer corners of a house on a pitched roof.

1- thinned roofing lathing; 2- continuous flooring along the roof slope; 3- covering of the eaves of the roof; 4- inclined wall gutter; 5- side gutter stop; 6- gutter holder; 7- drain from the gutter into the drain; 8- drain funnel; 9- drainpipe; 10- covering of the roof rib; 11- roof covering.

Covering cornices and grooves should be made of roofing steel pictures, connected to one another, as well as with an ordinary covering, double recumbent folds, filling seams with putty.

Mutual displacement of recumbent folds adjacent rows of paintings within one roof slope and the mutual displacement of standing folds on opposite roof slopes should be at least 50 mm.

Device diagram wall gutter in the inner corners of the house and gutter in the valleys the pitched rafter roof of the house is shown in Fig. 2.

Diagram of the device for a wall gutter in the inner corners of the house and a gutter in the valleys of the pitched roof.

1- thinned roofing lathing; 2- solid roofing lathing along the roof slope; 3- covering of the eaves of the roof; 4- inclined wall gutter; 5- side gutter limiter; 6- gutter holder; 7- drain tray from the gutter to the gutter; 8- drain funnel; 9- drainpipe; 10- roof valley covering; 11- roof covering; 12- roofing crutch.
The vapor barrier roll carpet is conventionally not shown - for clarity of the coating option.

Gutters(fig. 2 pos. 10) and eaves eaves(fig. 2 pos. 3) with wall gutters(Fig. 2, item 4) of asbestos-cement and tile roofs, in the absence of trough parts, must be covered with galvanized sheet steel.

In places of adjoining to the gutter(Fig. 2, item 10) piece roofing materials must extend beyond the edge of the tray by at least 100 mm.

Funnel trays(Fig. 3, item 7), collected in the corners of the roof of the building, are somewhat different from the usual trays installed on its eaves.

If trays can be prepared for the curtain rods in advance, then corner trays are made at the place of their installation by full-scale dimensions. This takes into account width of pictures(fig. 3 pos. 4) wall gutters, their position relative to the cornices and side heights(Fig. 3, item 5).

Device diagram wall gutter for any type of roof in the inner corners of the house the pitched rafter roof of the house is shown in Fig. 3.

Diagram of a wall gutter for any type of roof in the inner corners of a pitched roof.

1- thinned roofing lathing; 2- roof sheathing continuous flooring along the roof slope; 3- covering the eaves of the roof; 4- inclined wall gutter; 5- side gutter limiter; 6- gutter hook; 7- drain tray from the gutter to the gutter; 8- drain funnel; 9- drainpipe; 10- roofing crutch; 11-clamp for gutter fastening; 12- overhang cover drip; 13- nails.
The vapor barrier roll carpet is conventionally not shown - for clarity of the coating option.

Overhang patterns(Fig. 3, pos. 3) are fastened to the solid crate (Fig. 3, pos. 2) with nails, with overlapping pictures of gutters(fig. 3 pos. 4), and to metal roofing crutches(fig. 3 pos. 12), nailed to the crate at a distance 700 mm one from the other.

Overhang cover patterns(fig. 3 item 3) and gutters(Fig. 2, item 10) are attached to the crate with clammer(fig. 3 pos. 11) - at least two on one side of the sheet.

2. Preparation and fastening of a funnel for wall gutters.

Inlet funnels for suspended gutters, they are made in a round or rectangular shape. In both cases, one or two are installed in them. gutter holes in.

The shape of the pipes of the drainage system can be round or rectangular:

funnels rectangular perform in size - 300x250 mm;
round funnels perform in size - 260 mm or 320 mm.

2.1. Opening funnels for downpipes.

Funnel rim flaps(fig. 4 pos. 2) IT IS RECOMMENDED to additionally fasten with rivets with both sides of the tray(fig. 4 pos. 1).

After that stack pictures(Fig. 3 pos. 3) eaves layers (if they are provided) and proceed to covering the roof.

Drainage funnel cutting option d = 110 mm and wall gutters is shown in Fig. 4.

Cutting diagram of a funnel for downpipes and wall gutters.

1- wall gutter tray; 2- restrictive rim of the overflow of the drain funnel; 3- the cone of the roof drain from roofing steel, 0.7 mm thick; 4- glass funnel; 5- side rim of limiting the fastening of the part; 6- lapels of assembly of parts of the assembly, width 10 ... 12 mm; 7- drain pipe.

To make a stencil blank intake cone funnels on thick paper, draw its sweep with allowances for the edges ( 10 ... 15 mm) for folds according to the scheme (Fig. 4 pos. "a ... p").

Top edge of the stopper(Fig. 4, item 2) perform with a height 14 ... 15 mm for seaming into the edge of the wire rim d = 3 ... 4mm.

On the cone blank(Fig. 4, item 3) bend roller edges(Fig. 4 pos. "d, f"). Then the workpiece is rolled into a cone.

2.2. Installation of a funnel for wall gutters.

Funnel(Fig. 5, item 1) the downpipe is connected with tray(Fig. 5, item 2) with lying folds, for which a cutout is made in the shell of the funnel with a width corresponding to the width of the tray.

Installation option for the intake funnel with wire mesh filter and gutter tray for wall gutters is shown in fig. 5.

Installation method for funnel with wire mesh filter and gutter tray for wall gutters.

1- water intake funnel d = 260 (320) mm with a wire mesh filter; 2- gutter; 3- wall gutter; 4- ribs of the wall gutter; 5- hook for fastening the ribs of the gutter; 6- covering the eaves of the roof; 7- crutches for fastening the overhang cover; 8- wooden overhang flooring; 9- slate roofing.

The funnel is attached to the cornice standard pin with crimp clamp.

Water intake installation option funnels for wall gutters on the eaves the roof of the house is shown in Fig. 6.

Scheme of fastening a water intake funnel for wall gutters on the eaves of the roof overhang.

1- water intake funnel d = 260 mm; 2- eaves gutter tray; 3- edge of the wall gutter; 4- drainpipe d = 110 mm; 5- clamp; 6- eaves board of the overhang made of boards 50 mm thick; 7-post of the fence with fastening to the eaves shield on bolts М 8х30 mm and a rubber gasket; 8- roof roof.

When choosing the shape and size of pipes and gutters it is necessary to take into account the slope, number and location of water drainage points.

Scheme for calculating drainage points (funnels) an organized external drainage system on a roof with a drainage system is shown in Fig. 1 in the section of the site “Arrangement and repair of drainage from pitched roofs of buildings. Installation of eaves overhangs for roof gutters ".

Drainage systems

Installation of wall gutters with funnel.

Device diagram wall gutter with funnel for gutter for any covering of a pitched rafter roof of a house is shown in Fig. 7.

Diagram of the device for a wall gutter with a funnel for a gutter for any coating on straight sections of a pitched roof.

1- pictures of overhangs; 2- wall gutter; 2- the edge of the wall gutter; 3- chute tray; 4- drain funnel; 5- a clamp for a funnel; 6- crutches for roof overhangs; 7- hooks for fastening the wall gutter; 8- roof overhang boardwalk; 9- cleat; 10- nail; 12- overhang drip.

Vertical seams of downpipes(Fig. 7, item 6) are performed with recumbent folds with a width of no more 10 mm with disembarkation.

Gutter cutting option funnel tray for wall gutters shown in Fig. 8.

Variant of cutting the gutter for the funnel.

Gutter trays must have a slope of at least 15% and width 105 ... 215 mm at the bottom and 160 ... 226 mm at the top.

Material consumption for parts from roofing sheet steel with a thickness of 0.5 mm according to the meters indicated in Table 1.

Table 1: Consumption of materials for parts made of roofing sheet steel with a thickness of 0.5 mm according to the meters indicated in the table.

Consumption of materials for 1 m2 of coverage when changing wall gutters, eaves and steel sheet gutters is shown in Table 2

Table 2: Consumption of materials per 1 m2 of coverage when changing wall gutters, eaves and gutters.

p / p	Name of materials	Unit rev.	Roof parts
			Wall gutters	Eaves overhangs with wall gutters	Groove width
			Wall gutters	Eaves overhangs with wall gutters	700 mm	1400 mm
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	Roofing sheet steel 4 kg	Kg	2,98	5,92	2,98	6,2
2	Nails - 75 mm	Kg	-	-	0,017	0,018
3	Nails - 50 mm	Kg	0,005	0,01	-	-
4	Wire 3 mm	Kg	0,059	0,118	-	-
5	Metal hooks 0.8 kg	Kg	1,17	1,17	-	-
6	Crutches 2 kg	Kg	-	2,89	-	-

Installation of downpipes for wall gutters see the site section “Installation of drain pipes for external drainage gutters. Fastening of drainpipes ".

Wall gutter

When repairing roofs with a wall gutter, strict adherence to the set of rules for design and construction (SP 31-101-97) is necessary, the installation method in any other way is not allowed. If violations are identified, then the contractor will certainly have problems with the "acceptance" of work.
Our company manufactures a complete set of accessories for the correct arrangement of an organized gutter with a wall gutter.

The components include:

pictures of a wall gutter made of galvanized steel with a seam joint (recumbent seam), item 1;
wall gutter tray with folded joint, item 2;
wall gutter hook, item 3;
T-shaped crutch, element 4;
drainage funnel (water intake funnel), element 5;
drain pipe with fastening clamps.

The pictures and the tray of the wall gutter are made on a Schechtl CNC bending machine, thanks to which fast and high-quality bending is possible on an urgent basis. The thickness of the metal used is 0.43-0.7 mm.

Installation of a drainage system with a wall gutter. The photo shows a crate, a gutter with a drainage tray, mounted seam pictures.

Wall gutter

The picture of the wall gutter is a sheet of galvanized steel, on one side of which a shelf of 100 mm (A) is rolled and folded back by 110 degrees (depending on the slope of the roof), on the other side a bend of 145 degrees is made by 15-25 mm ( B). A recumbent fold (F) is formed from the ends of the product. During manufacture, the product is formed in such a way that the horizontal surface of one picture at the junction fits into another picture, that is, the horizontal shelf (C) on the left and right has different widths.

Installation of a wall gutter when repairing a seam roof. The photo shows the crate on which the pictures of the gutter are mounted.

Wall gutter tray

The tray of the wall gutter structurally resembles the gutter itself, but the shelf (A) is not parallel to the bend (B) and creates a direction for the outflow of water to the center, where the spout of the tray (H) is embedded. The spout of the tray has a length of about 200 mm (according to the customer's drawing) and has a tapering shape. Manufacturing the tray is somewhat more complicated and therefore requires more time.

In the photo, the wall gutter tray made by our company is mounted and connected to the gutter directly on the roof.

Wall gutter hook

Wall gutter hook is made of 40 * 4 strip with subsequent painting, galvanizing is possible. The hook profile consists of two shelves, one 300-500 mm with holes for self-tapping screws, the other 100 mm long bent at an angle of 110 degrees (depending on the slope of the roof, it may have a different slope).

The photo shows two types of hooks for mounting a wall gutter. Other options are possible, but these are ordered most often.

T-shaped crutch

The advantages of a roof made of galvanized steel sheets are lightness, the ability to cover any roof, even a rather complex configuration, a high degree of resistance to mechanical stress, and durability. The service life of such a roof without major repairs is 18-25 years. The disadvantages of the roof include low fire resistance and high cost of its operation, caused mainly by the need for its periodic painting. So, for the first time after installation, a galvanized steel roof must be painted after 8-10 years, and subsequent painting should be carried out every 2-3 years. Black steel roofs are painted every 2-3 years.

The roof slope is 18-30 degrees.

The lathing for the steel roof is made of 50 X 50 mm bars, the step width of which does not exceed 200 mm.

Instead of lathing from bars, you can make a continuous flooring of boards, on which a heat-insulating layer of tar or roofing material is laid on top, and then a steel coating. This roof design significantly increases its service life and insulates the attic. This is especially important when the attic is used as an attic or the building is in a cold climate zone. However, the installation of a steel sheet roof is difficult and time consuming.

Bars or lathing boards begin to be nailed from the eaves to the ridge. Every four bars, a board is nailed, on which the joints of the prepared sheets (pictures) will be located. In addition, continuous flooring of boards is necessarily made above the eaves and eaves of the roof, under the gutters and valleys. The width of such a flooring should be at least 600-700 mm.

Priming of roofing sheet steel

One of the disadvantages of steel roofing is its rapid corrosion under unfavorable environmental and atmospheric conditions. In order for the roof to last longer, the sheet material must be primed.

Priming is a simple operation, which consists in the fact that steel sheets, previously cleaned of dust, are coated on both sides with natural drying oil. The drying oil is applied in an even layer over the entire surface of the sheet, and in order to avoid gaps, a small amount of grated red lead should be added to the colorless and transparent drying oil in a ratio of 10: 1.

A metal baking sheet is installed on the table, into which linseed oil mixed with red lead is poured. A steel sheet is placed there on the edge, and the roofer, supporting it with one hand, with the other hand, using a rag soaked in linseed oil, first wipes one side, and then the other. It is recommended to carry out this operation with some pressure.

At the end of it, you need to make sure that there are no gaps and drips of drying oil on the sheet, and only then proceed to another sheet.

Primed steel sheets must be thoroughly dried before use.

Making "paintings"

The next type of preparatory work is the production of paintings - prefabricated parts of an ordinary coating - and the preparation of sheets for eaves, wall gutters, valleys, etc. The picture, as a rule, consists of 1-2 sheets, the edges of which are prepared for folded joints.
It is most convenient to carry out work on the manufacture of paintings on a workbench 2 m long and 1 m wide with a left edge made in the form of a corner.

In appearance, folded joints are divided into recumbent and standing, and according to the degree of compaction - into single and double.

To perform a single lying fold, a steel sheet is placed on a workbench and, using a scribe, mark the fold line of the folded edge. Then the risk is combined with the edge of the corner and two lighthouse bends are made at the corners of the sheet with the help of a mallet (Figure "A"). Then, at the risk, the entire edge is folded back (Figure "B"), the sheet is turned over (Figure "C"), and the folded edge is piled onto a plane (Figure "D"). The same blank is made on the second sheet. The first and second sheets are connected into a lock and sealed with a mallet (Figure "D"). To strengthen the connection, the folds must be hooked with a metal bar and a hammer (fig "E").

For a double recline seam connection, the first four operations are performed in the same way as for a single seam.

Then the resulting edge is bent down 90 degrees (Figure "A"), the sheet is turned over (Figure "B") and the fold is dumped onto a plane (Figure "C"). The second sheet prepared in the same way is connected to the first (Figure "D"), the fold is sealed with a mallet and cut with a hammer and a metal bar. In the pictures of an ordinary covering, the short sides of the sheets are connected by single recumbent folds, and the long sides - by double standing folds. Double recumbent folds connect pictures of eaves, wall gutters and gutter coverings.

Roofing procedure

All roofing works are carried out in the following order:

covering of eaves and installation of wall gutters;
covering of valleys, gutters and dormers;
collar arrangement around the chimney;
ordinary coverage;
work with roofing iron.

Covering eaves and installing wall gutters

First, on the eaves overhang, the location of the crutches is marked: after 500-600 mm and at a distance of 130-160 mm from the edge of the eaves. After that, the first picture is taken and placed on crutches so that one side of it fits tightly into the gap of the lapel, while the other side is nailed to the crate with nails. To the left of the first overlap, the second picture is laid, and so on until the first horizontal tape is formed. Along the pediment overhang, the first row of paintings is laid with an overlap of 25-30 mm behind the crate, along the eaves overhang, an overlap of 100 mm is made.
When performing these works, the bent edges of the paintings are hooked along the water drain, pull the paintings and seal the folds with a hammer and a steel rail. Wall gutters are installed over the eaves. The formed seam seams are lubricated with red lead putty and compacted, after which the grooves are riveted with the top of the hooks.

Row covering device

The prepared sheets and pictures are raised to the roof and laid out along the crate along the roof overhang so that it is convenient to carry out work.

The sheets are attached to the crate with clamps, which are folded back by 20-25 mm and are nailed to the crate on the right side of the picture with a nail, and after 60-75 mm they are folded over a standing fold.
Clamps are cut from galvanized steel in the form of strips 30-40 mm wide and 120-150 mm long and twisted at an angle of 90 degrees.

standing seam
recumbent fold
lathing
canvas painting
clamps

Pictures are laid in vertical stripes from top to bottom, i.e. from the ridge to the overhang, connecting them together with recumbent folds.
A is correct;
B - NOT correct

Then the recumbent folds are coated with putty and flattened by placing under them a steel plate 5-6 mm thick, 800-900 mm long, 55-60 mm wide. When flattening, make sure that the folds only run horizontally. After the first row of paintings is made, proceed to the second row. The pictures of the second row are laid in such a way that the edge of the large fold of the first row is adjacent to the small fold of the second row. In this case, the recumbent folds are displaced (horizontally) relative to each other by about 20 mm. This is done for more convenient fastening of standing folds.

Standing folds are fastened, then, pressing against the crate, the large fold is folded over a small one, as a result of which an edge with a height of 20 to 25 mm is obtained (standing folds can be folded both after laying one strip, and after laying all the strips with two hammers, from the ridge to the overhang). Bending the large edge over the small one, you need to pay attention to the fact that the ribs are of the same height and are carefully compacted. Clamps are installed on the right side, and after that a new strip of paintings is made.
After all the pictures are laid, a standing fold is made on the top sheets. To do this, cut off the excess part of the sheet along the ridge on one side more, and on the other less, then the large fold is folded over the small fold and compacted well.

Roofing iron works

Works with roofing iron are not limited only to the implementation of the steel covering, they also include: - attachment of drainage systems to walls and chimneys; - works on gables and solid walls; —Manufacture of fences, gutters, ventilation pipes, overhangs, gutters and downpipes.

Drainage at the wall and at the chimney is made at least 150 mm above the roof level.

Sheets overlapping the inner rounded corner of the roof are overlapped by at least 100 mm.

When pausing a ventilation pipe, it is necessary to cut a hole for it in the roof with maximum accuracy, since it will be very difficult to close a large gap.

Depending on the design of the roof, two types of gutters are distinguished: hanging and recumbent.

The most common is a hanging gutter with a weir plate (rice), made of steel sheets 4 mm thick and 25 mm wide. It is fastened along the eaves of the roof on brackets made of galvanized strip steel, located at a distance of 700-800 mm from each other.

As a rule, the hanging gutter has a semicircular shape, but there are also box gutters with right angles. They are used primarily as an architectural addition and are less economical due to the fact that they require more frequent repairs due to sharp bending angles.

bracket;
gutter.

The reclining gutter is used in the absence of an overhang, therefore it is attached directly to the edge of the roof.

In order not to violate the stylistic unity of a wooden house, you can use box-shaped gutters made of boards or gutters, hollowed out from half a log, pre-impregnated with an antiseptic.

The diameter of the drainpipes depends on the amount of water entering them. So, the diameter of the drainpipe for a roof with an area of 30 sq. m is 80 mm, for a roof area of 50 sq. m - 90 mm, for a roof with an area of 125 sq. m - 100 mm. Downpipes are installed at a distance of at least 30-35 mm from the wall and are attached to it with clamps and walled pins with clamps. To prevent the pins from rusting, they must be galvanized or coated with some kind of anti-corrosion compound.

For the device of the wall gutter on the mounted eaves overhang, the previously applied inclined lines (see Fig. 88) are restored to both sides of the water-section. On these lines, lighthouse hooks are installed near the funnels and on the watershed; their vertical bends must be on the indicated lines. Between the beacons (perpendicular to the lines), the remaining hooks are attached in the same way at intervals of 670-730 mm. The hook on the watershed is installed perpendicular to the eaves.

The prepared pictures of the gutters are collected, as well as the cornice covering. When making paintings, the direction of the water flow is taken into account. The assembly is carried out from the intake funnels to the watershed. The sides of the gutter are overlapped with each other, taking into account the direction of the water flow. At the same time, make sure that the upper edge of the paintings on the cornice is always located above the top of the gutter side. At the watershed and when joining at the funnel, the paintings are connected with a double lying fal-cem. The sides of the gutters are fastened with rivets on the hooks. The upper longitudinal edge of the wall gutters is connected to the pictures of the ordinary coating with a seam seam. The tray is installed along the axis of the water intake area so that its tail flap is under the ends of the wall gutters to be connected.
Rice. 89. The device of the wall gutter:
1 - pin with bracket, 2 - water intake funnel, 3 - tray, 4 - one-groove flooring, 5 - rafter foot, 6 - cornice flooring, 7 - the batten, 8 - picture of the wall gutter, 9, 13 - nails, 10 - crutch, 11 - hook for the same-forehead, 12 - picture of the cornice overhang , 14 - klamera
The lapel is secured with four 30X40 mm nails. The sides of the trays and gutters are connected with corner folds, bent to the inner planes of the tray sides (Fig. 89, node 2).
The trays for water intake funnels, collected in the corners of the roof of the building, are somewhat different from the usual trays installed on its eaves. If the trays for the eaves can be prepared in advance, then the corner trays are usually made on the spot according to full-scale measurements. In this case, the width of the pictures of wall gutters, their position relative to the cornices and the height of the sides are taken into account.
Hanging gutters are semi-circular or rectangular trays that are suspended directly under the drain edge of the eaves. Hanging gutters serve the same purpose as wall gutters. The water collected by the gutters is discharged to the funnels.
On the cornice, the gutter is positioned so that the water flowing from the slope does not overflow over its front side.
Before installing the tray brackets according to the level, check the horizontalness of the leading edge. The staples are attached in the following sequence. First, two extreme (lighthouse) brackets are installed, a cord is pulled between them and the rest of the brackets are marked and cut into the plank base.
The gutter raised on the cornice (Fig. 90) is placed on the tray brackets 2 and fastened with clamps 6. To avoid the consequences of the expansion of the gutter during temperature fluctuations, compensators are arranged in it or movable seams are made.
The compensator is a water intake funnel, into which freely laid ends of suspended gutters enter from both sides. This design of the same forehead allows it to freely lengthen or shorten by 10-15 mm, which is quite enough for temperature changes at different times of the year.
The movable seam is made at the point of the highest rise of the gutters. Here, the end ends of the gutters are sealed with tin plugs. A temperature gap of 30-40 mm is left between their ends. Both ends of the gutters are closed on top with a tin cover (two slopes), through which water flows into the ends of the gutters. In some cases, you can restrict yourself to rigid attachment of the bead to one of the brackets located in its middle, leaving the ends only movably fixed in the clamps.

Rice. 90. The device of the suspended gutter:
a, b. c - options for the device of gutters (villages are given at the points of the highest rise); 1 - gutter, 2 - chute bracket, 3 - roof, 4 - flooring, 5 - rivet, b - glue, 7 - screw with a recessed head, 8 - picture of eaves overhang, 9 - nail, 10 - spacer
The device of water intake funnels. Water inlet funnels are made round or rectangular. In both cases, one or two holes are arranged in them for entering the gutters. The funnel is attached to the eaves with a standard pin with a crimp clamp. It is recommended to additionally fasten the flaps of the funnel rim with rivets to both sides of the tray. After that, pictures of eaves overhangs are laid (if they are provided for) and proceed to coating.

CENTRAL RESEARCH
AND ORGANIZATIONS,
MECHANIZATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO CONSTRUCTION
TsNIIOMTP

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD
FOR DEVICE AND REPAIR
METAL ROOF

Moscow 2002

The technological map deals with the construction and repair of a metal roof.

The map was developed on the instructions of the Development Department of the General Plan of the Government of Moscow at AOZT TsNIIOMTP by employees of the Research and Production Center.

Responsible executor Koloskov V.N.

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. The technological map is drawn up for the device and repair of a metal roof.

1.2. The technological map was drawn up in accordance with the "Guidelines for the development of technological maps in construction".

1.3. As an analogue, a four-story sixteen-apartment building with dimensions in terms of 33.6 × 13.2 along the axes was adopted (Fig.,).

2. TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK PERFORMANCE

2.1. Metal roofing device

2.1.1. Before starting the installation of a metal roof, organizational and preparatory measures must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85 * "Organization of construction production".

2.1.2. All installation and related works have been completed, acts for hidden works have been issued in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and Fencing Structures".

2.1.3. Preparatory work includes:

verification of compliance with the design slopes of the roof slopes;

checking the correctness of the lathing device;

sorting and quality control of supplied metal sheets.

2.1.4. Roofs made of galvanized or black steel roofing are provided for roofs of buildings with a slope of 30 to 60% (16 ° -30 °).

2.1.5. The main materials for sheet steel roofs are non-galvanized (black) or galvanized sheet steel roofing.

2.1.6. Roofing steel is produced in the form of sheets with dimensions 1420 × 710 mm, 2000 × 1000 mm, thickness 0.4-0.8 mm, weight (depending on thickness) from 3 to 6 kg.

2.1.7. Non-galvanized (black) sheet steel is used to a limited extent in construction and overhaul of buildings.

Roofs from it require frequent painting with drying oil.

2.1.8. The most effective application of roofing galvanized steel. It corrodes less, its service life is much longer. The surface of galvanized steel should be flat, without films, bubbles, streaks, with dense and uniform galvanizing.

2.1.9. In addition to sheet steel, roofing works include:

roofing nails 3.5-4 mm thick, 40-50 mm long with a large head for nailing steel sheets to the lathing on eaves and fastening clamps;

construction nails with a thickness of 2.5 to 4 mm, a length of 50-100 mm for nailing crutches and hooks;

clamps (made from scraps of roofing steel) for attaching roofing sheets to the lathing;

hooks (made of strip steel 5-6 mm thick, 16-25 mm wide and 420 mm long) for fastening wall gutters;

crutches (made of strip steel 5-6 mm thick, 25-36 mm wide, 450 mm long) to maintain eaves);

clamps for fixing downpipes to the walls of the building;

bolted clamps for fixing downpipes, funnels and ebb.

2.1.10. Any roofs consist of two main parts - load-bearing and enclosing (the roof itself). With a wooden supporting structure under a roof made of steel sheets and a distance between the rafters of 1.2-2 m, a lathing of boards with a section of 200 × 50 mm and bars with a section of 50 × 50 mm is usually arranged.

2.1.11. Bars and boards are placed at a distance of 200 mm from each other. With this arrangement in the crate, the foot of a person walking along the roof slope will always rest on two bars, which will prevent the roofing from bending.

2.1.12. The lathing for the roof made of sheet steel must be flat, strong, rigid, without protrusions and recesses. Between the control strip 1 m long and the crate, a clearance of no more than 5 mm is allowed.

2.1.13. For the device of the eaves overhang and wall gutters, a solid boardwalk is laid from edged boards 3-4 boards wide (700 mm). The front board of the eaves should be straight and hang from the eaves by the same amount along its entire length.

Continuous flooring of edged boards is also arranged under the grooves (up to 500 mm wide in each direction).

2.1.14. Along the ridge of the roof, two boards converging with the edges are laid, which serve to maintain the ridge joint.

2.1.15. The durability of the roof depends on the correct structure of the lathing, since even a slight deflection of the sheets on it weakens the density of the joints (folds), which leads to leaks and destruction of the coating.

2.1.16. Of the total volume of work on the installation of metal roofs, about 50% are installation work performed directly on the roof, i.e. in the most difficult conditions.

2.1.17. Roofing installation work includes the following operations:

covering of eaves;

laying wall gutters;

installation of an ordinary covering (covering of roof slopes);

covering of gutters.

A diagram of the organization of work when installing a metal roof is shown in Fig. ...

Roofing pictures prepared in advance are lifted onto the roof using a KS-35714K truck crane in special containers. To receive them, an inventory collapsible platform and a light stand for storing sheets are installed on the roof (Fig.).

2.1.18. The covering of the cornice begins by installing crutches along the overhang to support the paintings. Crutches are nailed to the lathing every 700 mm from each other with an overhang (overhang) from the edge of the lathing by 130-170 mm.

All crutches must be laid with the same overhang, therefore, first, the two outer crutches are nailed, and one of the nails on each crutch is not completely hammered. A cord is pulled between these nails, along which the positions of all intermediate crutches are determined.

2.1.19. Covering the roof with sheet steel is made from pre-prepared sheets, called paintings.

Pictures can be single and double (from two sheets), connected on the short sides. The latter method is more efficient, since it reduces labor costs for joining sheets on the roof and allows the use of enlarged elements of the roof covering (Fig.).

The blank of pictures consists in bending the edges of the sheet from four sides for their subsequent connection on the roof with folds (Fig.). It can be made manually or mechanically on folding machines.

Roofing sheets are usually connected to each other along the short side of the sheet with recumbent folds, and along the long side with standing (ridge) folds. When covering the roof slopes, the ridge folds are located along the slope, and the recumbent folds - across (parallel to the roof ridge), which does not impede the flow of water from the slopes. Folded joints can be single and double.

As a rule, the connection of sheets for covering the roof slopes is made with single folds and only with small roof slopes (about 16 °) and in places of the greatest accumulation of water (gutters, gutters) - double.

Covering the roof slopes is one of the most time consuming operations in sheet steel roofing.

In the complex of works performed on the roof on the arrangement of the ordinary covering of the slopes, the greatest labor costs are spent on joining the paintings with ridge folds, since the length of the latter is twice the length of the recumbent folds, half of which is performed in the workshop when preparing pictures.

Usually, the connection of roofing pictures with a ridge seam is made by roofers using hammers or with a hammer using a lapel bar (Fig.).

Recently, an electric comb-bending machine (Fig.) And comb-bending devices have been proposed and used, which allow performing work without the use of roofing hammers.

2.1.20. The cornice pictures prepared earlier and submitted to the roof are laid on top of the crutches along the eaves of the roof so that their edge, which has a lapel tape, tightly bends around the protruding part of the crutch. The unbent edge of the sheets on the opposite side is nailed to the crate with nails with a distance of 400-500 mm between them. The nail heads are then covered with a wall gutter. The pictures of the eaves overhang are interconnected with recumbent folds (Fig.).

2.1.21. At the end of the covering of the eaves overhangs, the wall gutters are laid. Typically, the gutters are located between the inlet funnels with a slope of 1:20 to 1:10. The work begins with the installation of hooks, which are placed along the line marked for laying the gutters and broken off by the indented cord. The hooks are placed on top of the cornice paintings at a distance of 650 mm from one another. The hooks should be positioned perpendicular to the line of the wall gutters and nailed to the batten with two or three nails (fig.).

2.1.22. At the end of the installation of wall gutters, the roof slopes are covered. Pictures of an ordinary covering of gable roofs (gable) are usually laid, starting from the gable wall (pediment), and hip (gable) - from the edge of their ridge.

Pictures are laid out in strips along the roof slope in the direction from the ridge to the gutter (Fig.). The pictures in each strip are connected to each other with recumbent folds. In this way, several strips are laid, which are temporarily attached at the ridge to the crate with nails (over the edge of the bent edge of the ridge).

The gable overhang should hang from the batten by 40-50 mm. The overhang is fastened with end clamps, installed every 200-400 mm, which, together with the longitudinal bend of the ordinary strip, are bent in the form of a double standing seam (Fig.).

Pediment overhangs of monumental buildings, as well as structures erected in areas with heavy winds, should be fixed in the same way as cornice overhangs, i.e. on crutches with a device for lapel tapes with droppers.

2.1.23. Along the strip assembled from the pictures, clamps are nailed to the side of the lathing (Fig.) At a distance of 600 mm from each other. Then collect the second strip and lay it in such a way that the folded large edge of the first strip adjoins the small folded edge of the sheets of the second strip. In this case, adjacent strips are shifted relative to each other by 40-50 mm so that the lying folds of adjacent paintings are spaced apart.

2.1.24. Laying of ordinary strips on the slope is carried out with the release of 50-60 mm above the ridge of the roof to form a ridge ridge. In order to avoid meeting on the ridge of two ridge folds of opposite roof slopes, they are spaced apart at a mutual distance of at least 50 mm.

2.1.25. The adjacent strips of paintings are first connected with a ridge fold only at the clamps, while they are tightly pulled to the crate, and then along the entire length of the ridge fold.

2.1.26. Following the covering of the roof slopes, the gutters are covered from the ridge to the overhang (Fig.). The gutter strip, assembled in the workshop and submitted to the roof in a folded form, is deployed and laid in place so that its longitudinal edges fit under the edges of the ordinary cover of the slopes, which are cut with hand scissors along the edges of the gutter. Then the edges of the groove are connected to the edges of the ordinary covering with a recumbent fold, bent towards the groove, with the final sealing of the folds with a mallet.

2.1.27. After joining with an ordinary coating, the upper end of the groove, adjacent to the ridge, is cut in the shape of a ridge, and the lower end, adjacent to the wall gutter, is parallel to the direction of the gutter, leaving an edge for the fold. Then the groove is connected to the ridge with a ridge fold and with a wall gutter - a recumbent fold bent towards the gutter (in the direction of the water flow).

2.1.28. The folds with which the gutter sheets are connected to each other and to the ordinary roof covering should be smeared with red lead putty.

2.1.29. In order to better drain water from behind the pipe, a triangular cut (opening) is made from the upper side of the pipe in the form of a gable roof made of boards or bars nailed to the crate and covered with sheet steel (Fig.). The water flowing from the roof slope is cut by cutting and flows down the slopes. The collar formed by the folds of the edges of the pictures should tightly grip the pipe trunk and be connected at the corners to the seam.

2.1.30. As an option, the pipes can be framed with a collar, which is made according to a template in the form of U-shaped halves (Fig.), Which are connected with a double overlap seam along the water drain on the roof.

The adjoining of the roof to the chimney is arranged by embedding the edge of the covering into an otter.

2.2. Repair of metal roofs

2.2.1. Repair of old roofs made of sheet steel, depending on the degree and nature of their wear and tear, is divided into two types: capital and current.

A major overhaul includes a complete (or in large areas of the roof) change of roofing, as well as downpipes and linear coatings on the facades of the building.

Routine repairs include a partial change of roofing (small areas or separate sheets), patching, sealing fistulas, changing unusable parts of drainpipes.

2.2.2. In case of overhaul of sheet roofs, which provides for a continuous or significant change of roofing, work on the preparation or laying of roofing pictures is performed by the same methods and techniques as when installing a new roof. In this case, only the operation for the preliminary removal of the old roofing, which has become unusable, is added. When disassembling the roof, the ridge folds are first unbent or cut off, then the recumbent ones are disconnected.

2.2.3. The roofing steel removed from the roof is carefully sorted. Recyclable sheets are trimmed with scissors, straightened and cleaned.

2.2.4. Current repairs are carried out as follows. Before starting the repair, to detect damaged places, the roof is inspected simultaneously from the outside and from the attic. Inspection of the attic is carried out in the light in heavy rain or after it.

The detected places of damage to the roof are outlined with chalk and applied to the roof diagram, where the dimensions of the replaced roof sections are indicated.

2.2.5. Removal (disassembly) of damaged sections of the roof is carried out over the entire width of the sheet (between adjacent ridge folds). When setting new sheets or pictures, they are first connected with an old coating with lying folds, and then with ridge folds, while strengthening with clamps. In this case, the line of the folds of one strip should not (as in the new coating) coincide with the line of the recumbent folds of the adjacent strip.

2.2.6. With small damaged areas of the roof, patches made of roofing steel are placed on them. To do this, the damaged part of the sheet is cut with a chisel along the lines of the crate so that the new joint is located on a rigid base. Patches on the roof are placed on the entire width of the sheet (between the ridge folds). The works are carried out in the same sequence as when changing whole sheets or pictures.

2.2.7. When repairing a roof, sometimes a partial or complete change of wall gutters, cornices or gutters is required, which are destroyed faster than others from rust.

When changing the gutters, you must first make sure that the covering of the eaves overhangs is in good condition, otherwise you must first change the unusable parts of the overhangs so that you do not have to remove the repaired gutters later.

2.2.8. Repair of eaves overhangs consists in replacing damaged areas with new ones or in straightening bent parts. When changing damaged eaves, you must first disassemble the gutters and remove the hooks. When changing the grooves and grooves, it is necessary to make extensions to the ordinary coating, since the use of old recumbent folds of the ordinary coating to connect them with patterns of the groove or the groove is not allowed.

2.2.9. Minor repairs to sheet steel roofs involve patching. Fistulas and holes up to 5 mm are cleaned of dirt, rust and fragile staining with a steel brush and sealed with a thick red lead oily putty outside and from the attic, overlapping the damaged area by 20-30 mm.

In case of damage of 5-30 mm, the torn edges of the holes are straightened and cleaned. The hole is caulked with tow soaked in thick red lead paint. The cleaned place with a caulked hole on top is coated with red lead putty, then a patch is applied to it, 80-100 mm larger than the damaged area, made of thin fiberglass, impregnated with thick red lead paint. The patch is carefully leveled and pressed against the metal sheet, making sure that the fiberglass is completely impregnated and the quality of adhesion, especially around the perimeter of the patch.

2.2.10. The need for machines, mechanisms, tools, inventory and fixtures is given in table. ...

Table 1

Code	Name	Type, brand, GOST	Technical specifications	Appointment	Qty per link (brigade)
	Automobile crane	KS-35714K	Carrying capacity - 16 t, telescopic boom 8-18 m	Roof supply
	Lanyard	4SK 1-6.3 GOST 25573-82	Carrying capacity - 6.3 t	Also
	Container			Roof supply of metal sheets and roofing pictures
	Inventory area			Reception of containers with roofing pictures
	Inventory stand			Storage of individual roofing pictures
	Electric comb bending machine		Weight 26 kg	Folding and sealing of ridge folds
	Roofing hammer	MKR-1 MKR-2 MKR-3	Weight 0.6 kg Weight 0.8 kg Weight 1.6 kg	Roofing
	Locksmith hogs	GOST 7214-72		Hole punching
	Chisel	GOST 7211-86 * E	Weight 0.1-0.2 kg	Metal cutting
	Construction pliers	GOST 14184-83	Weight 0.39 kg	Various works
	Measuring ruler	GOST 427-75 *		Measurement of linear dimensions
	Measuring tape, metal	GOST 7502-89 *		Also
	Scissors	GOST 7210-75 * E	Weight 0.7 kg	Cutting sheet steel
	Electric scissors	IE-5407	The thickness of the cut sheet is up to 3.5 mm. Weight 4.4 kg	Also
	Combination pliers	GOST 5547-93	Weight 0.23 kg	Various works
	Checking square	GOST 3749-77	Weight 0.89 kg	Checking and marking right angles
	Compass marking		Weight 0.21 kg
	Assembly belt	GOST 12.4.089-86	Weight no more than 2.1 kg	Safety engineering
	Construction helmet	GOST 12.4.087-84	Weight 0.4 kg	Also	To the brigade
	Construction gloves	GOST 12.4.010-75		Also	Too

FACADE

Rice. one

ROOF PLAN

Rice. 2

DIAGRAM OF WORK ORGANIZATION WHEN ARRANGING A METAL ROOF

- roofers' workplaces

1 - automobile crane KS-35714K; 2 - cornice flooring made of boards; 3 - lathing; 4 - inventory area; 5 - metal stand; 6 - picture of an ordinary cover; 7 - picture of the wall gutter; 8 - border of the danger zone near the building under construction.

Rice. 3

Dismountable inventory space

METAL STAND

Rice. 4

PICTURE DOUBLE

PICTURE SINGLE

Rice. five

TYPES OF FOLD

REDBED SINGLE

REDBED DOUBLE

Lying single

Lying double

Rice. 6

CONNECTING PICTURES WITH COMBIN FILLER

ROOF HAMMERS

USING A HAMMER AND BAR-ROLLER

WITH ELECTRIC BENDING MACHINE

BRUS-BREAKER

Rice. 7

SCHEME OF EAVE SUSPENSION DEVICE

1 - rafter leg;

2 - lathing;

3 - cornice flooring made of boards;

4 - picture of the eaves overhang;

5 - crutch.

Rice. eight

WALL GUTTER INSTALLATION DIAGRAM

1 - rafter leg;

2 - lathing;

3 - picture of the eaves overhang;

4 - gutter hook;

5 - picture of the wall gutter;

6 - tray.

Rice. nine

DIAGRAM OF SHEET STEEL ROOF

1 - a picture in an ordinary strip;

2 - recumbent fold;

3 - ridge fold;

4 - ridge crest seam;

5 - board;

6 - rafter leg;

7 - lathing;

8 - crutch;

9 - cornice flooring;

10 - picture of the wall gutter;

11 - hook;

12 - picture of the eaves overhang;

13 - funnel;

14 - tray;

15 - pediment cleat;

16 - roofing nail.

RIDGE RIDGE FILL

FASTENING OF THE FRONT EDGE OF THE ROW STRIP

Rice. 10

SCHEME OF JOINING SHEETS WITH STANDING FOLDING WITH FIXING THEIR CLAMMER TO THE CUTTING

1 - cleat;

2 - roofing steel sheet;

3 - lathing.

a - d - sequence of operations

Rice. eleven

DIAGRAM OF VENT DEVICE

Rice. 12

DIAGRAMS OF JOINING THE ROOF TO THE CHIMNEY

1 - cutting;

2 - otter;

3 - lathing;

4 - collar.

Rice. 13

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORKS

3.1. In the process of preparing and performing roofing works from. sheet steel is checked:

quality of supplied sheets;

readiness of structural elements for roofing work;

the correctness of the implementation of all abutments to the protruding structures.

3.2. The acceptance of the roof should be accompanied by a thorough examination of its surface, especially at the drainage trays, in the grooves and in the places of abutment to the protruding structures above the roof.

3.3. A roof covering made of sheet steel must meet the following requirements:

have given slopes;

the coating in all joints must be dense and waterproof, be a surface without bulges and depressions;

roofing steel sheets must be firmly attached and fit snugly to the crate;

when examining the coating from the roof of the attic, no gaps should be visible;

ridge folds should be mutually parallel, equal in height and not have cracks.

3.4. Manufacturing defects found during the inspection of the roof must be corrected before the building is put into operation.

3.5. Acceptance of the finished roof must be formalized with an act assessing the quality of the work.

3.6. When accepting the work performed, it is subject to certification by acts of hidden work:

adjoining the roof to the protruding parts of ventilation shafts, antennas, guy wires, racks, etc .;

roofing device made of sheet steel.

3.7. Quality requirements and control items are given in table. ...

table 2

Code	The name of the processes and structures to be controlled	Quality Assessment Specifications	Subject of control	Control method	Control time	Responsible for control
Preparatory work
	Metal roofing device	Compliance with the project	The distance between the elements of the lathing	Measuring tape	In the process of work	Master
		One gap of not more than 5 mm is allowed between the control rail and the crate	The evenness of the crate	Control rod 1 m long	Also
		Geometric dimensions and quality of metal sheet coatings	Metal sheets
Metal sheet roofing
		Compliance with the project	The coating in all joints must be tight and waterproof, even without bulges and depressions. When inspecting the roof covering from the attic, no gaps should be visible. Ridge folds should be mutually parallel, equal in height and not have cracks	Visually, measuring tape

4. CALCULATION OF LABOR COSTS AND MACHINE TIME

Table 3

Code

Process name

Unit of measurement

Scope of work

Justification (ENiR and other norms)

Time rate

Labor costs

workers, man-h

driver, man-h (machine-h)

workers, man-h

driver, man-h (machine-h)

Sheathing device

100 m 2 slopes

ENiR 1990 §E6-9, tab. 2 No. 1g

13,5

87,8

Roofing steel eaves

93,6

ENiR 1987 §E7-6, No. 1a

0,17

15,9

Installation of wall gutters

93,6

ENiR 1987 §E7-6, No. 5a

0,18

16,8

Covering the roof with finished paintings

10 m 2 cover

ENiR 1987, §E20-1-113, No. 5

123,5

Harvesting pictures for covering stingrays

10 m 2 cover

The same, no. 3

65,0

Preparation of paintings for covering eaves of eaves, wall gutters and gutters

10 m 2 cover

The same, no. 4

78,0

Roof supply

100 t

ENiR 1987 §E1-5, No. 1

22,0

11,0

TOTAL

395,8

Roofing sheet steel

SNiP IV § B chapter 8-4

0,51

Boards 40-70 mm

m 3

1,47

Bars 50-70 mm

m 3

0,65

Construction nails

Roofing nails

Construction forgings (crutches, hooks, etc.)

72,0

7. SAFETY AND LABOR PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL AND FIRE SAFETY

7.1. Roofing work must be performed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction" and GOST 12.3.040-86 "Construction. Roofing and waterproofing works. Safety requirements".

7.2. Persons at least 18 years of age who have been trained in safe methods and techniques for performing these works, have received appropriate certificates and have been instructed at the workplace are allowed to install roofing works. An extraordinary safety briefing is carried out when roofing workers are transferred from one type of roof to another, when the working conditions change, the brigade violates safety rules and instructions.

7.3. The admission of workers to the performance of roofing works is allowed only after inspection by a foreman or foreman together with the foreman of the serviceability and integrity of the load-bearing structures of coatings and fences.

7.4. It is not allowed to carry out roofing work during ice, fog, excluding visibility within the work front, thunderstorms and winds at a speed of 15 m / s or more.

7.5. The heads of the construction organization promptly notify the specialized division that conducts roofing work about sudden changes in the weather (hurricane wind, thunderstorm, snowfall, etc.).

7.6. All persons on the construction site are required to wear safety helmets. When working on roofs with a slope of more than 20 °, workers must use safety belts. The places for fastening the belts are indicated by the master.

7.7. Materials for the coating must be submitted in a technological sequence that ensures the safety of work. When supplying roofing materials to be covered with a crane, slinging of loads should be performed only with inventory slings. Elements and details of roofs, including protective aprons, gutter links, drains, etc. must be submitted to the workplace in a prepared form. The procurement of these elements and parts directly on the roofs is not allowed.

7.8. It is allowed to place materials on roofs only in the places provided for by the work production project, taking measures against falling, including from the effects of wind.

7.9. During breaks in work, technological devices, tools and materials must be fixed or removed from the roof.

7.10. The zones of permanently operating hazardous production factors include:

pitched roofing with an angle of inclination of more than 20 °;

area for supplying and receiving roofing materials.

7.11. The zone of potentially acting hazardous production factors is a section of the construction site, located along the perimeter of the building, on the roof of which work is being carried out.

7.12. Roofers should wear rubber boots to reduce foot slip on the roof while working.

7.13. Along the entire perimeter of the part of the buildings on which the roof is covered or repaired, the border of the zone dangerous for people is marked on the ground. The width of such a zone should be at least 3 m from the wall of the building. The border of the danger zone is marked with signal tapes, signs, inscriptions and installed on racks.

7.14. The installation of hoods and umbrellas on the heads of the chimney and ventilation pipes should be carried out from the scaffold. It is forbidden to use ladders for these purposes.

7.16. With regard to fire safety, the production of works on the construction of roofs should be organized in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01-97 * "Fire safety of buildings and structures" and "Fire safety rules during construction and installation works."

7.17. If a fire breaks out in the workplace, it is necessary to extinguish it using fire extinguishers.

7.18. In the event of accidents resulting from an accident, all operations to evacuate victims, provide first aid, and deliver (if necessary) to a medical institution are performed by a roofer under the guidance of a foreman (foreman).

8. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS PER 100 m2 ROOF

Standard labor costs of workers, man-h .......................................................... 60,9

Standard costs of machine time, machine-h .............................................. 0,7

Duration of work, shift ...................................................... 1,7

Production per worker per shift, m 2 ............................................................. 13,1

CONTENT