Content

The state of the reproductive system determines the patient’s health, so it is necessary to regularly visit the gynecologist for prevention. One of the dangerous diagnoses of the female body is cervical dysplasia. The disease is difficult to treat and is a precancerous condition. The abnormal process involves the squamous epithelium lining the walls of the cervix.

What is cervical dysplasia

The disease affects patients aged 25-35 years, threatening diagnosed infertility and the formation of cancerous cells of the squamous epithelium. Uterine dysplasia is an abnormal change in the structure of the tissue cells of the vaginal mucosa, prone to the formation of malignant tumors. To prevent the pathology from developing into cancer, it is necessary to begin intensive therapy in a timely manner, especially since delay is fraught with death for the patient. To understand the full threat to health, it is important to find out what the source of pathology looks like and what are the reasons for the unauthorized appearance.

Causes

The etiology of the pathology is considered the beginning of successful treatment without the involvement of surgical methods. Without timely identification of provoking factors, it is pointless to talk about recovery. Pain due to dysplasia is already a consequence; the disease can not be brought to such an advanced stage. Therefore, it is important to know about all provoking factors and increase vigilance over your health. So, the causes of the disease are:

• long-term use of synthetic hormones;
• HPV 16 infection;
• early sexual life;
• promiscuous sexual intercourse with different partners;
• more than 3 births;
• social, hereditary and environmental factors;
• immunodeficiency states;
• complication of metaplasia;
• chronic inflammation;
• progressive pseudoparakeratosis;
• the presence of bad habits.

Cervical dysplasia and HPV

This is one of the most dangerous factors that provokes the occurrence of a characteristic illness that can cost the patient his life. The threat is as follows: if cervical dysplasia and the HPV virus are combined in one clinical picture, the disease remains asymptomatic for a long time. You can find out about its existence even after 10 years, when a malignant neoplasm of the cervix has already occurred. At risk are patients who:

• started early sexual life;
• had a large number of sexual partners;
• often became pregnant, gave birth;
• performed more than one abortion to terminate an unwanted pregnancy;
• do not use barrier methods of contraception.

Symptoms

The pathology can develop asymptomatically over a long period of time, and a woman learns about structural disorders of the squamous epithelium by chance, for example, during a routine medical examination. Such a doctor’s conclusion should not be taken too tragically, since a timely identified pathological process is reversible with adequately prescribed treatment. However, there are specific signs of cervical dysplasia that give rise to alarming thoughts; they force a woman to make an unscheduled appointment with a local gynecologist. This:

• itching and burning in the vagina, as if a pathogenic infection is active;
• abnormal discharge with an unpleasant odor;
• blood impurities;
• menstrual irregularities;
• discomfort during sexual intercourse;
• temperature increase.

There is no pain with cervical dysplasia, but some patients still complain of a pulling sensation in the lower abdomen, for example, as in the case of PMS. The appearance of a woman’s genital organs does not change, so the disease is often diagnosed later in the course of the inflammatory process. In modern gynecology, there are cases of diseases where a characteristic ailment was discovered during pregnancy, more than once.

It is also worth noting that this disease does not always resolve on its own; alarming symptoms are often supplemented by signs of concomitant infections, for example, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and genital warts. Therefore, if a diagnosis of cervical dysplasia is made, the local gynecologist will tell you what it is after a detailed instrumental examination in the examination room.

During pregnancy

In gynecology, there have been cases when cervical epithelial dysplasia was diagnosed in an “interesting position” of a woman. The condition is dangerous, but there is still no point in rushing to premature conclusions. Dysplasia during pregnancy is not treated conservatively; a specialist chooses observational therapy and carries out drug correction in case of exacerbation of relapses. The presence of signs of human papillomavirus infection must be eliminated in a timely manner, and to do this, use safe folk remedies as an alternative.

The woman must remain under vigilant medical supervision for the entire 9 months and systematically undergo laboratory tests. It is better to go into storage for the entire period. With competent and well-organized medical interventions, the clinical outcome for the patient is favorable, but after childbirth she will still have to undergo treatment; doctors do not rule out surgery. After treatment, you will need to take medications for a long time, visit the gynecologist once every 6 months, or more often.

Consequences

The clinical outcome depends entirely on the extent of the disease, the diligence and vigilance of the affected women. It is important to understand how dangerous cervical dysplasia is and not to start the pathological process, especially when doctors do not rule out the death of the patient among complications. So, with the disease, the following outcome of the disease is possible:

• 1st degree. After eliminating the pathogenic virus, the health problem is restored even without the participation of drug therapy.
• 2nd degree. There are also chances for self-healing, but the risks are also high. In order to fully recover, the woman will have to maintain her general condition with medication for two years.
• 3rd degree. The pathology is complicated, and a cervical biopsy can reveal the presence of cancer cells and metastases in the structure of the squamous epithelium.

Precancerous condition

This condition is fraught with oncology with metastases, when the only solution is removal of the cervix. If the ovaries are already involved in the pathological process, such structures of the reproductive system are also subject to surgical correction. Precancer of the cervix is ​​a small chance to save your health, and to do this, undergo a full diagnosis and strictly follow your doctor’s instructions. The defining methods for diagnosing a precancerous condition are:

• biopsy and colposcopy;
• X-ray examination;
• PAP smear;
• cytology.

How to treat cervical dysplasia

The main goal of treating dysplasia is to increase the female body’s chances of life, remove the symptoms of relapse, and preserve the functions of the reproductive system in full. The specialist selects an intensive therapy regimen together, taking into account the characteristics and duration of the disease. Treatment methods for cervical dysplasia include taking medications, conducting physiotherapeutic procedures, and in complicated clinical situations, organizing surgical intervention.

1st degree

If a moderate relapse of dysplasia has occurred, and the disease has not yet gained momentum, observational therapy is indicated without prescribing dubious pills and injections. A mild degree of the disease does not cause concern for your health. This is a very real chance for the body to independently restore its energy potential. Mild dysplasia after diagnosis provides for the following areas of intensive care:

• complete cessation of destructive habits;
• conducting a routine examination by a gynecologist once every six months;
• choosing effective methods of contraception;
• treatment of the endocrine system in the presence of its lesions.

2 degrees

If this is moderate dysplasia, it is impossible to do without medical prescriptions in such a clinical picture, otherwise dysplasia gradually transforms into cervical and ovarian cancer. The first step is to find and eliminate the pathogenic factor. Self-healing without the participation of medications is extremely rare, so you should not naively count on a miracle. If moderate cervical dysplasia progresses, effective treatment includes the following areas:

1. Cauterization is similar to erosion of the cervix to restore the usual structure of the damaged area of ​​cells.
2. Cryotherapy (impact on the focus of pathology with liquid nitrogen and natural processes of tissue regeneration). In modern gynecology, this method is especially in demand.
3. Radio wave treatment of dysplasia. It is effective and painless, eliminates side effects and complications. The price of the procedure is too high.
4. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. It eliminates the spread of the disease, since it involves violating the integrity of the structure of the affected tissues by completely excising them.
5. Electroconization. The manipulation involves excision of mutagenic cells in the cervical canals with an electric scalpel.

3 degrees

This is a serious disease that can lead to amputation of the cervix. This is explained by the fact that the entire mucous layer of the vagina is covered with atypical cells, which continue to spread and do not cease their activity. Severe dysplasia threatens diagnosed infertility and does not exclude the death of the patient without urgent surgical procedures. Severe dysplasia is treated as follows:

• loop electroconization;
• hysterectomy;
• cervical conization;
• proliferation of basal layer cells;
• resection of the ovaries, cervix.

Treatment with folk remedies

Considering the existing types of dysplasia, it is worth emphasizing that alternative treatment methods are no less productive than official means. A mild disease, when destruction affects only the superficial layer of cells, can be eliminated using time-tested recipes. When choosing reliable treatments for cervical dysplasia, it is important to remember the risk of allergic reactions to one of the herbal components. For such allergic patients, the medicine is selected individually.

To ensure that the treatment of cervical dysplasia with folk remedies is successful, and the prognosis for recovery is only favorable, here are easy recipes that are highly productive:

1. Pour 2 tbsp. l. herbs Cat's claw 2 tbsp. boiling water, insist in a proven way. Strain, cool slightly, take orally (after consultation with your doctor). This is a productive means of destroying the basement membrane of HPV, a powerful assistant in the fight against malignant neoplasms.
2. Folk treatment with nettle leaves becomes auxiliary, and this remedy must be used vaginally. Grind freshly picked raw materials until the juice is partially separated, place in gauze and make a homemade tampon. Insert into the vagina at night, repeat the session every evening. The result will be after 14 procedures.
3. Neoplasia can be successfully eliminated with homemade tampons made from aloe pulp. It is necessary to cut the peel from the leaf, shape the base into a tampon, put it in gauze and tie it. Use vaginally, keep in glandular tissues overnight. A total of 10 sessions.

Is it possible to cure cervical dysplasia?

All women who have personally encountered such a problem are very concerned about the only question: whether cervical dysplasia can be treated or not. In fact, a mild form of the disease does not even require medication, while a severe disease promises the development of squamous cell carcinoma and death. However, a successful operation prolongs life and provides a long period of remission in the presence of an already chronic diagnosis. So the answer is obvious - everything depends on timely diagnosis.

Video

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Under cervical dysplasia understand atypical changes in the epithelium in the vaginal part, related to precancerous processes. In the early stages of its development, cervical dysplasia is a reversible disease, so its timely detection and elimination is a reliable way to prevent cancer risk. Unlike erosion, which occurs due to mechanical trauma to tissue, with dysplasia, disturbances affect the cellular structures of the tissues lining the cervix. The disease of cervical dysplasia occurs mainly at the age of 25-35 years and is 1.5 cases per 1000 women. The absence of obvious clinical symptoms in cervical dysplasia puts instrumental, clinical and laboratory methods at the forefront in diagnosis.

General information

Under cervical dysplasia understand atypical changes in the epithelium in the vaginal part, related to precancerous processes. In the early stages of its development, cervical dysplasia is a reversible disease, so its timely detection and elimination is a reliable way to prevent cancer risk.

The absence of obvious clinical symptoms in cervical dysplasia puts instrumental, clinical and laboratory methods at the forefront in diagnosis.

Diagnosis of cervical dysplasia

The diagnostic scheme for cervical dysplasia consists of:

• cervical examination using vaginal speculum - in order to detect clinically pronounced forms of dysplasia visible to the eye (changes in the color of the mucous membrane, shine around the external os, spots, proliferation of the epithelium, etc.);
• colposcopy– examination of the cervix with a colposcope - an optical device that magnifies the image more than 10 times and simultaneously carrying out diagnostic tests - treating the cervix with Lugol’s solution and acetic acid;
• cytological examination of a PAP smear - in case of cervical dysplasia, examination under a microscope of scrapings obtained from different areas allows to identify atypical cells. Also, using a PAP smear, cells that are markers of papillomavirus infection are detected, having wrinkled nuclei and a rim, which are the site of localization of the human papillomavirus;
• histological examination of a biopsy specimen - a fragment of tissue taken during a biopsy of the cervix from an area suspected of dysplasia. It is the most informative method for identifying cervical dysplasia;
• immunological PCR methods - to detect HPV infection, establish virus strains and viral load (concentration of papilloma virus in the body). Identifying the presence or absence of oncogenic HPV types allows us to determine the choice of treatment method and management tactics for a patient with cervical dysplasia.

Treatment of cervical dysplasia

The choice of treatment for cervical dysplasia is determined by the degree of dysplasia, the woman’s age, the size of the affected area, concomitant diseases, and the patient’s intentions to preserve reproductive function. The leading place in the treatment of cervical dysplasia is occupied by:

1. Immunostimulating therapy (immunomodulators, interferons and their inducers) is indicated for extensive lesions and cervical dysplasia prone to relapses.
2. Surgical methods:

• destruction (removal) of an atypical area using cryotherapy (exposure to liquid nitrogen), electrocoagulation, radio wave therapy, argon or carbon dioxide laser;
• surgical removal of the area of ​​cervical dysplasia (conization) or the entire cervix (amputation).

In cases of dysplasia grades I and II, small sizes of the altered zone, and the patient’s young age, a wait-and-see approach is often chosen due to the high probability of spontaneous regression of cervical dysplasia. Carrying out repeated (every 3-4 months) cytological studies and obtaining two positive results confirming the presence of cervical dysplasia is an indication for deciding on surgical treatment. Treatment of dysplasia III is carried out by gynecological oncologists, using one of the surgical methods (including cone-shaped amputation of the cervix).

Before carrying out any method of surgical treatment of cervical dysplasia, a course of anti-inflammatory therapy is prescribed, aimed at sanitizing the infectious focus. As a result, the degree of cervical dysplasia often decreases or is completely eliminated.

Rehabilitation after treatment

After surgical treatment of cervical dysplasia, the rehabilitation period lasts about 4 weeks. At this time, you may experience:

• aching pain in the lower abdomen for 3-5 days (longest after laser destruction);
• discharge from the genital tract is profuse, sometimes with an odor, for 3-4 weeks (the longest - after cryodestruction);
• profuse, prolonged bleeding from the genitals, intense pain in the lower abdomen, a rise in body temperature to 38 °C and above are indications for immediate medical consultation.

For the purpose of a speedy recovery, faster healing and prevention of complications, it is necessary to maintain sexual rest, avoid douching, lifting heavy objects, use hygienic tampons and strictly follow all doctor’s recommendations and prescriptions.

Surveillance and prevention of cervical dysplasia

The first control of cure of cervical dysplasia is carried out 3-4 months after surgical treatment. Cytological smears are taken and repeated quarterly throughout the year. Negative results showing the absence of cervical dysplasia allow further examination to be carried out as planned, during annual clinical examinations.

To prevent cervical dysplasia and its recurrences, it is recommended:

• inclusion in the diet of all microelements and vitamins, especially vitamins A, group B, selenium;
• timely sanitation of all foci of infections;
• smoking cessation;
• use of barrier contraception (for casual sexual intercourse);
• regular observation by a gynecologist (1-2 times a year) with examination of cytological scrapings from the cervix.

Prospects for the treatment of cervical dysplasia

Modern gynecology has effective methods for diagnosing and treating cervical dysplasia, allowing it to avoid its degeneration into cancer. Early detection of cervical dysplasia, appropriate diagnosis and treatment, and further regular medical monitoring can cure almost any stage of the disease. After using surgical techniques, the cure rate for cervical dysplasia is 86-95%. Recurrent cervical dysplasia is observed in 5-10% of patients who have undergone surgery due to carriage of human papillomavirus or incomplete excision of the pathological area. If left untreated, 30-50% of cervical dysplasias develop into invasive cancer.

Cervical dysplasia is a gynecological pathology in which a change in the condition of the epithelial layer lining it occurs on the mucous membrane. Translated, this term means the phenomenon of “disorderly growth.” At the same time, changes occur in the cell membranes in their upper layers, which can cause the cells to degenerate into malignant tumors, leading to.

Such changes in the mucous membrane of the cervix are increasingly being detected among women of childbearing and older age and can lead to disability and death of the patient.

Research in this area confirms that dysplasia occurs in approximately 40% of women. That is why specialists from all countries strongly recommend starting treatment for this pathology immediately after its detection.

The reasons for the development of atypia of the epithelial layer of the cervix are the following factors:

• infections transmitted due to early sexual activity or a large number of sexual partners (including papillomatous infection in unvaccinated women);
• hormonal imbalance caused by illness or taking hormonal medications ( hyperestrogenism);
• chemical irritation, including smegma;
• mechanical deformation of the cervix due to complicated childbirth, abortion

Hereditary predisposition and work in hazardous working conditions (oil refineries, mining operations) can contribute to the development of cervical dysplasia.

Symptoms

Dysplasia, or cervical intraneoplasia, is not manifested by any complaints. It is also not visible during a gynecological examination. Sometimes there are areas of redness on the cervix or whitish plaques, as well as signs of underlying diseases - leukoplakia, cervical ectopia. Therefore, in-depth diagnosis of the disease is very important.

Stages of the disease

Without treatment, in approximately 40% of patients, within 3 years, dysplasia from a milder stage progresses to a more severe one, and then to cervical cancer.

Diagnostics

To identify a pathology such as cervical dysplasia, a doctor may prescribe the following diagnostic tests to a woman:

• standard gynecological examination;
• cytology smear (or Pap test);
• tests for the detection of types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59 (the most oncogenically dangerous of them are viruses of types 16 and 18);
• colposcopy;
• curettage of the cervical canal;
• targeted biopsy of cervical tissue.

Detailed diagnosis of a pathology such as cervical dysplasia, in many cases, allows one to avoid the degeneration of disorders into cancerous tumors.

How can dysplasia affect subsequent pregnancies and its treatment during pregnancy?

Treatment of dysplasia during gestation may be postponed in cases where the woman’s condition is not in danger of cell malignancy. Treatment tactics are selected individually and consist of those methods of therapy that can be used during pregnancy.

In some cases, even during pregnancy, dysplasia is treated surgically if there is a risk of it degenerating into cancer.

Treatment

Treatment tactics for dysplasia are determined based on the following indicators:

• degree of dysplasia;
• general health of the woman;
• a woman's desire to give birth to a child.

The following methods can be used to treat grade I dysplasia:

1. Cryodestruction. To perform this type of treatment, the doctor freezes the affected layers of the cervix. They die off and disappear on their own after final healing. After this procedure, no scars are left on the cervix, and it can be used to treat nulliparous women or those women who are planning to conceive a child.
2. Laser removal. To perform this type of removal of altered tissue of the uterine mucosa, the doctor uses special equipment that “cauterizes” the layers with a laser beam. After healing, the coagulated tissues are rejected on their own, and no scars remain on the cervix.
3. Removal using a radio wave knife. To perform this method of treatment, the doctor uses a radio wave knife, which eliminates the affected tissue of the mucous membrane. Subsequently, they are rejected on their own, and scars and scars do not remain on the neck.
4. Cauterization with a diathermocoagulator. This technique has been used less frequently in recent years. Because it can be replaced by more modern and gentle methods for removing altered tissues of the mucous membrane.

After eliminating the affected tissues of the mucous membrane, the doctor recommends that the woman follow certain rules:

1. Mode. In the first days after the operation, the patient should not sit, as this position of the body can contribute to tissue trauma. The duration of such refusal is determined by the doctor.
2. Refusal of sex. The duration of such failure is determined by the rate of healing of the surface of the cervix and the technique used.
3. Hygiene. Use only pads for hygienic purposes. This method of preventing leakage is explained by the fact that inserting a tampon can damage the healing mucous membrane, and tissue healing will take a longer time.
4. Avoid douching. This method of cleansing the vagina, performed for hygienic purposes, has been abandoned in most civilized countries. When inserting a stream of water and a tip, a woman can injure the cervix and cause an infection.
5. Refusal of heavy physical labor and sports. Additional stress created by physical stress can contribute to traumatization of unhealed tissue and impair the healing process.
6. Taking medications that are prescribed by a doctor. The list of such prescriptions may include the following drugs: Nurofen, Diclofenac, Dikloberl, Genferon, etc.
7. Refusal to use folk remedies to “treat” erosion. On the Internet, users often come across recommendations that treatment of cervical dysplasia can only be carried out using traditional methods. This recommendation is erroneous, because pathological changes in cells using traditional methods are impossible. Imaginary recovery in such cases can only be observed when trying to cure grade I dysplasia.

Treatment of dysplasia II, and especially III degree, often includes conization of the cervix and a thorough examination to exclude cervical cancer. If a woman is over 40 years of age, has underlying health conditions (such as large uterine fibroids) and does not want to have any more children, she may be offered removal of the uterus and cervix. In any case, the decision is made jointly by the patient and the doctor.

Cervical dysplasia is a rather serious gynecological disease that can lead to cancerous degeneration of cervical cells. That is why gynecologists recommend regular preventive examinations and visiting the doctor at the appointed time, without postponing the visit to him “for later.” Remember this and be healthy!

Which doctor should I contact?

It is necessary to be regularly observed by a gynecologist. If necessary, examination and treatment is carried out by a gynecological oncologist. A woman with dysplasia should consult an endocrinologist; if she is diagnosed with human papillomavirus, consult an infectious disease specialist; and if she has sexually transmitted diseases, consult a venereologist.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Afanasyev Maxim Stanislavovich, oncologist, surgeon, oncogynecologist, expert in the treatment of dysplasia and cervical cancer

I often see on forums that in response to the question “I have been diagnosed with stage 3 cervical dysplasia” - what should I do? Is grade 3 cervical dysplasia curable? the woman receives the answer: “Treating grade 2-3 dysplasia is not scary. The doctor will remove it with a radio knife or freeze it with nitrogen. It's almost painless."

Many sites reduce dysplasia to erosion and form an unreasonably careless attitude towards it.

I have been narrowly dealing with the problem for many years cervical cancer and I want to draw your attention to the fact that - 3 degrees in gynecological oncology are clearly classified as precancerous disease of the cervix .

As practice shows, wait-and-see tactics do not work with this diagnosis. If treatment for grade 3 dysplasia is not carried out or is carried out using conservative methods, then after 6-8 months 65% of women will hear the diagnosis of “non-invasive cancer”.

To understand each other, I suggest starting the conversation with what grade 3 epithelial dysplasia is.

What is grade III dysplasia?

Dysplasia is translated from Latin as a developmental disorder - cell development. Atypical cells appear in the cervical area. The word "atypical" means almost the same thing as "atypical": these cells are not like their brothers and sisters.

All our cells have a clear shape, are arranged in layers and perform a specific function. They can be compared to bricks in the wall of a house. But under the influence of injuries, infections and viruses - the human papillomavirus has a particularly destructive effect on them - the cells “cannot withstand” the attack. They lose their shape, size and cease to perform the function inherent in nature - the function of protection.

Returning to the wall metaphor, one brick becomes round, a second becomes glass, a third becomes a steel hexagon, and part of the concrete foundation takes up space at the second floor level. Needless to say, such masonry is deformed, literally falling apart at the seams, and the house will not stand for long.

The same thing with grade 2-3 dysplasia occurs in the epithelium of the cervix.

But unlike bricks, atypical cells continue to divide, accumulate damage and become increasingly cancer-like. Sooner or later, this process leads to the appearance of malignant cells.

There is a transition stage between a benign and a malignant cell, when the cell loses the properties of a normal one, but does not yet acquire the properties of a cancerous one. This stage is called dysplasia. That is why third degree dysplasia is interpreted as a precancerous condition.

Is grade 3 dysplasia cancer?

I am often asked, is grade 3 cervical dysplasia cancer?

Until histology confirms the presence of malignant cells in the biopath - cells with an altered nucleus and cytoplasm that have gone beyond the boundaries of their “habitat” - this is not cancer.

In the vast majority of cases, liquid cytology testing is sufficient to rule out cancer.

Currently, cervical pathologies occupy a leading position among all gynecological diseases.

Dysplasia is a precancerous pathology that must be promptly diagnosed and treated correctly.

Mild or weak dysplasia of the first degree, in the case of adequate therapy, has a favorable prognosis, while advanced stages of the disease give impetus to the development of oncology.

What is cervical dysplasia

In fact, is a condition that is accompanied by the appearance of atypical cells in the epithelial layer of the neck.

The cervix consists of a supravaginal and vaginal section, which is accessible for gynecological examination.

Inside the cervix there is a cervical canal, which opens at one end into the vagina and the other into the uterine cavity. The mucous membrane of the cervical canal consists of squamous epithelium, and the border where one type of epithelial cells passes into another is called the transformation zone.

It is in this area that dysplasia most often develops.

NOTE!

The structure of the cervix is ​​quite complex, which is why pathologies characterized by cellular changes often develop in this area.

The epithelium has three layers - main, intermediate and superficial, and the cells of each layer are different from each other.

So, dysplasia is not only a change in the number of epithelial layers, but also the structure of the cells that form them.

Causes

Most often, the main cause of cervical dysplasia is the presence of papillomavirus in a woman’s blood, especially strains that are highly oncogenic.

Scientists have long come to the conclusion that most atypical processes are closely related to the activation of papillomavirus. After the virus enters a cell, it integrates into its DNA and begins to change its structure.

If the papilloma virus has a low oncogenic risk, it can provoke papillomas, condylomas and warts, and highly oncogenic strains of the virus lead to the formation of atypical cells.

Most often, the virus remains inactive due to the good functioning of the immune system, but as soon as the immune system weakens, the development of cellular atypia becomes quite possible.

• early onset of sexual activity;
• childbirth before 16 years of age;
• lack of a regular sexual partner;
• diseases that suppress the immune system;
• bad habits;
• inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genital organs;
• hormonal disorders;
• vitamin deficiency;
• the presence of oncological processes in the penis of an intimate partner;
• heredity.

Light degree of education

Cervical dysplasia is divided into three grades, which vary in severity.

Mild dysplasia is another name for mild dysplasia. There is also And pathologies that are much more severe and more difficult to treat.

A mild degree of dysplasia does not have any bright signs, and for a long time it can go on without manifesting itself and without bothering the woman.

But when the disease moves to the next stage, and secondary sexually transmitted infections are involved in the process, the disease begins to manifest itself as follows:

• burning and itching sensations in the genitals;
• presence of bloody discharge after sexual intercourse;
• the appearance of discharge with an unpleasant odor (if an inflammatory or infectious process develops).

Painful sensations with dysplasia are almost always absent, and the disease itself often occurs against the background of such pathologies as gonorrhea, chlamydia, and vaginal condylomas.

Dysplasia can regress or progress on its own depending on the state of the immune system.

Most often, mild dysplasia is diagnosed in young women under 35 years of age, however, later development of the disease cannot be excluded. It must be said that a mild degree of dysplasia can also occur during the period of bearing a child, and pregnancy itself does not improve, but does not aggravate the condition of the mucous membrane. Mild dysplasia differs from cancer in that the changes that occur in the cells do not affect either the vessels or muscle fibers, and also never extend beyond the basal membrane. However, as whitening progresses, the nature of the changes may change, which is why early diagnosis of the disease is so important.

Other degrees

Depending on exactly what changes occur in the epithelium and how strongly they spread, it is customary to distinguish the following stages of dysplasia:

1. Mild – 1st degree – damage concerns only the basal layer.
2. – 2nd degree – both the basal and inner layers are involved in the pathological process.
3. – Stage 3 – all three layers of the mucous membrane are damaged. The risk of developing oncology is very high, since this condition is accompanied by active cellular atypia, in which cells with bifurcated or enlarged nuclei are observed.

What happens if the pathology is not treated?

As is already clear from the above, dysplasia is accompanied by the growth of atypical cells, which actually entails cervical oncology.

If dysplasia is not treated or is treated incorrectly, the disease progresses and enters a more severe stage, and the risk of developing a malignant process increases.

CAREFULLY!

In the severe stage of dysplasia, the transformation of the process into malignant can account for up to 30% of all cases.

In addition, dysplasia is often complicated by inflammatory or infectious processes, which can provoke a number of serious diseases of the genital organs.

Diagnostic methods

In order to and correctly anticipate the degree of dysplasia, doctors use several methods at once:

1. Gynecological examination– identification of visual changes in the mucous membrane – the appearance of spots, color changes, proliferation of the epithelium.
2. Smear cytology– detection of deviations in cellular development, as well as counting the number of cells and determining their size.
3. PCR analysis– helps to identify microorganisms that cannot be detected when analyzing a smear for microflora. During the analysis, even a small amount of atypical cellular structures can be detected.
4. Blood test for hormones– is necessary to identify the dependence of dysplasia on hormonal levels.
5. Clinical tests of urine and blood, during which the composition of the material being studied is determined.
6. Biopsy- a very effective test for identifying dysplasia.
7. Hardware diagnostics– Ultrasound, colposcopy – allow you to visualize the damaged mucosa in detail and determine the extent of the pathological process.

Drug treatment

Drug treatment may be effective for mild to moderate dysplasia.

Most often prescribed:

1. Immunostimulants. Since in most cases the disease is provoked by a virus, it is necessary to boost immunity so that the body can fight the infection. Isoprinosine, Reaferon, Prodigiozan are prescribed. Immunostimulants must be taken for a long time, even after the end of treatment, to prevent the possibility of relapse.
2. Antibacterial drugs. These drugs are prescribed exclusively for the fight and prevention of inflammatory processes. The drug is selected individually, but most often prescribed are Terzhinan, Hexicon, McMirror, Clindamycin, Metronizadol, Klion D. Antibiotics for dysplasia are relevant in almost all cases, since the risk of infection is quite high.
3. Preparations for restoring microflora. Lactonorm, Laktozhinal, Acylact.
4. Vitamins.

Are folk remedies effective?

Treatment of dysplasia can be used as an additional therapy to the main treatment, in addition, it must be carried out under the supervision of a physician.

If folk remedies do not bring the expected effect, you should not continue to expect a miracle from them; it is necessary to use other treatment options for the disease.

For the treatment of dysplasia, traditional healers suggest using:

• pine buds and needles;
• calendula;
• aloe;
• propolis;
• sea ​​buckthorn oil;
• green tea;
• eucalyptus;
• burdock root;
• clover;
• vitex;
• astragalus and others.

These drugs are taken orally and used for douching or tamponation. Folk remedies can be effective only in the initial stages of the disease.

Is surgery required? removal of the cervix partially or completely.

The following indications exist for such interventions::

• the process spreads deep into the cervical canal;
• moderate and severe degree of illness, complicated by oncopathology;
• cervical deformity;
• negative results after less aggressive treatments.

Complications and consequences

The most dangerous consequence of dysplasia is undoubtedly the transformation of dysplasia into a malignant process.

In addition, the consequences may be as follows:

• the formation of scars that reduce the elasticity of the tissue, which leads to cervical ruptures during childbirth;
• decreased tissue immunity, resulting in possible infection;
• relapses of the disease are a fairly common occurrence after treatment of dysplasia.