Plant of three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels. External and internal wall panel constructions
INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION
INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION
INTERSTATE
STANDARD
WALL PANELS THREE-LAYER REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH EFFECTIVE
INSULATOR
General specifications
Official edition
Rinform stand 2016
Foreword
The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions "and GOST 1.2-2009" Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards. rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for Development, Acceptance, Application, Update and Cancellation "
Information about the standard
1 DEVELOPED by the Joint Stock Company "TsNIIEP Housing - Institute for Integrated Design of Residential and Public Buildings" (JSC "TsNIIEP Housing")
2 8NESEN by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"
3 ACCEPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (minutes of December 10, 2015 No. 48)
4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology of March 17, 2016 No. 166-st, the interstate standard GOST 31310-2015 was put into effect as a national standard of the Russian Federation from January 1, 2017.
5 83AMEN 31310-2005
Information on changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards". and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly informational index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index * National Standards ”. Relevant information, notice and texts are also posted in the public information system - the unofficial website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet
© Standartinform. 2016
In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be reproduced in whole or in part. replicated and distributed as an official publication without permission from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
INTERSTATE STANDARD
WALL PANELS THREE-LAYER REINFORCED CONCRETE WITH EFFECTIVE INSULATION
General specifications
Well three-layer reinforced concrete panels with enerqy-effloent Insulation. General specifications
Introduction date - 2017-01-01
1 area of use
This standard establishes the classification, types, main parameters of three-layer wall panels, general technical requirements for them. general rules for their acceptance, control methods, transportation and storage rules.
This standard applies to three-layer concrete and reinforced concrete panels with effective insulation (hereinafter referred to as panels) intended for external walls of residential, public and industrial buildings.
The requirements of this standard do not apply to:
Composite panels;
Wet Mode Room Wall Panels:
Filling window and door openings in panels.
Panels intended for use in an aggressive environment must comply with the requirements of this standard and additional instructions in the design documentation. established taking into account the current regulatory documents and technical documentation *.
The requirements of this standard should be taken into account when developing regulatory documents and working documents for specific types of panels.
2 Normative references
This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:
GOST 475-78 Wooden doors. General specifications
GOST 5781-82 Hot-rolled steel for reinforcing reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions
GOST 5802-86 Building solutions. Test methods
GOST 6727-80 Cold-drawn low-carbon steel wire for reinforcing reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions
GOST 7076-99 Building materials and products. Method for determination of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance under stationary thermal conditions
GOST 8829-94 Prefabricated reinforced concrete and concrete building products. Loading test methods. Rules for assessing strength, stiffness and crack resistance
GOST 9573-2012 Thermal insulation boards made of mineral wool on a synthetic binder. Technical conditions
* 8 of the Russian Federation, JV S0.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-02-2003 Tvplovaya protection of buildings" is in force.
Official edition
GOST 10060-2012 Concrete. Methods for determining frost resistance
GOST 10180-2012 Concrete. Methods for determining the strength of control samples
GOST 10181-2014 Concrete mixtures. Test methods
GOST 10499-95 Heat-insulating products made of glass staple fiber. Technical conditions
GOST 10884-94 Reinforcing steel thermomechanically hardened for reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions
GOST 10922-2012 Reinforcement and embedded products, their welded, knitted and mechanical joints for reinforced concrete structures. General specifications
GOST 11214-2003 Wooden window blocks with sheet glazing. Specifications GOST 12730.1-78 Concrete. Methods for determination of density GOST 12730.2 EN-Concrete. Method for determination of moisture content GOST 12730.5-84 Concrete. Methods for determining water resistance GOST 13015-2012 Concrete and reinforced concrete products for construction. General technical requirements. Rules for acceptance, labeling, transportation and storage
GOST 15588-2014 Foam polystyrene heat-insulating plates. Specifications GOST 16381-77 Thermal insulation building materials and products. Classification and general technical requirements
GOST 17177-94 Thermal insulation building materials and products. Test methods GOST 17623-87 Concrete. Radioisotope method for determining the average density GOST 17624-2012 Concrete. Ultrasonic method for determining the strength GOST 18105-2010 Concrete. Rules for the control and assessment of strength GOST 21519-2003 Window blocks made of aluminum alloys. Specifications GOST 21718-84 Building materials. Dielectric method for measuring moisture content GOST 21779-82 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Technological tolerances
GOST 21780-2006 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Accuracy calculation
GOST 22690-88 Concrete. Determination of strength by mechanical methods of non-destructive testing
GOST 22950-95 Mineral wool slabs of increased rigidity on a synthetic binder. Technical conditions
GOST 23009-2015 Concrete and reinforced concrete prefabricated structures and products. Symbols (brands)
GOST 23166-1999 Window blocks. General specifications
GOST 23279-2012 Welded reinforcing meshes for reinforced concrete structures and products. General specifications
GOST 23858-79 Butt welded joints and T-shaped reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Ultrasonic quality control methods. Acceptance rules
GOST 24700-99 Wooden window blocks with double-glazed windows. Specifications GOST 25097-2002 Wood-aluminum window blocks. Specifications GOST 25820-2014 Light concretes. Technical conditions
GOST 26433.1-89 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Measurement rules. Prefabricated elements
GOST 26633-2012 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Specifications GOST 27005-2014 Lightweight and cellular concretes. Average density control rules GOST 28013-98 Building solutions. General specifications
GOST 28089-2012 Building wall structures. Method for determining the adhesion strength of facing tiles to the base
GOST 28984-2011 Modular coordination of dimensions in construction. Basic provisions GOST 30244-94 Building materials. Flammability test methods GOST 30674-99 Window blocks made of polyvinyl chloride profiles. Specifications GOST 30971-2012 Assembly seams for joining window blocks to wall openings. General specifications
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the operation of reference stndvrtoas in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the release of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard, the replacement (modified) standard should be followed. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the reference is not made to it applies to the extent that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms are used in this standard with the corresponding definitions:
3.1 external wall three-layer panel: One-piece flat building product, consisting of three main layers - external, internal and heat-insulating, the integrity of the structure of which is created during the molding process.
3.2 main layers of the panel: External and internal concrete or reinforced concrete layers and the middle thermal insulation layer. The main layers do not include: outer decorative or protective-decorative layer, inner finishing layer and layers of roll or film materials.
3.3 solid panel: Panel without voids and air spaces.
3.4 thermal insulation layer: One of the main layers of three-layer panels, designed to perform thermal insulation functions: consists of effective thermal insulation materials. The thermal insulation layer can consist of several layers of thermal insulation products and materials of the same or different types.
3.5 flexible ties: Ties made of corrosion-resistant steel or other corrosion-resistant material between the outer and inner concrete or reinforced concrete layers of the panel, allowing them to work together in the outer wall panel.
Flexible connections, depending on the purpose and design scheme of static work, are subdivided into suspensions, struts and struts.
3.5.1 hangers: Flexible ties designed to transfer the vertical load from the mass of the outer concrete layer and insulation to the inner reinforced layer of the panel: the number of hangers is determined by calculation.
3.5.2 spacers: Flexible ties designed to fix the relative position of reinforced concrete layers and a layer of thermal insulation and to absorb compressive and tensile forces from wind and other influences directed perpendicular to the facade surface of the wall.
3.5.3 struts: Flexible ties designed to prevent mutual displacements of the panel layers horizontally in the plane of the wall from the forces arising from loading and unloading operations, transportation and installation.
3.6 rigid ties: Reinforced concrete lintels (dowels) or ribs in three-layer panels, located in a layer of insulation and combining the outer and inner concrete or reinforced concrete layers.
3.7 bearing panel: A panel that perceives the vertical load from its own weight and other structures resting on it (floors, roofs, etc.) and transfers this load to the foundation.
3.8 non-structural panel: Panel not intended to support the structure of a building
3.9 floor-by-floor load-bearing panel: A type of load-bearing panel that perceives and floor-by-floor transfers to the transverse structures of the building the load from its own weight and the overlap resting on it.
3.10 self-supporting panel: A panel that only accepts a vertical load from its own weight and the weight of the overlying outer panels and transfers the load to the foundation.
3.11 concrete panel: A panel whose strength during operation is ensured by the concrete of the outer and inner layers. In both layers, the concrete panel has structural reinforcement and design reinforcement designed to absorb the forces that occur during production. transportation and installation.
3.12 reinforced concrete panel: Panel, the strength of which during the operation stage is ensured by the joint work of concrete and reinforcement.
Note - A reinforced concrete panel has a design working reinforcement, usually located. in the load-bearing inner layer, and structural reinforcement - in the non-load-bearing outer layer, and can also have design reinforcement designed to absorb the forces arising during manufacture, transportation and installation.
3.13 outer protective and decorative layer: A layer that is not the main one, located on the front side of the panel and designed to protect the main layers from external climatic influences or reduce the intensity of these influences, as well as to perform decorative functions.
Note - The outer protective and decorative layers of the panel can consist of the following layers: a layer of mortar or concrete, a layer of cladding with tiles or sheet products, a finishing coating (for example, paints), a hydrophobic coating or layers of other materials and products that perform protective and decorative functions ...
3.14 ventilated screen: Outer protective and decorative layer in the form of a screen located at the distance of the ventilated gap (air gap) from the outer layer of the panel.
3.15 outer decorative layer: A non-basic layer located on the front side of the panel and intended to perform decorative functions.
Note - The outer decorative layer of the panel consists of a finishing coating (for example, water-based polyvinyl chloride, lime-polymer compositions and paints), applied in one or two layers, or cladding that does not perform protective functions.
3.16 interior finishing layer: A layer that is not the main one, located on the inner side (facing the room) of the panel and serving as the base on which the subsequent wall finishing is performed.
Note - The inner finishing layer of the panel consists of one or more layers: a layer of mortar (for example, cement or cement-lime on porous or dense sand), finishing coating, etc.
4 Classification
4.1 Panels are classified according to the following main characteristics that determine their types:
Appointment in the building:
wall panels of aboveground floors.
basement or technical underground wall panels, attic or parapet wall panels;
Static scheme of work: carriers.
non-bearing.
types of load-bearing panels are floor-by-floor and self-supporting;
Constructive solution;
Type of connecting links:
with flexible ties made of corrosion-resistant steel or other corrosion-resistant material, with rigid reinforced concrete ties (dowels or ribs);
Cutting walls into elements:
single-row (floor-by-floor) cutting (bearing, floor-bearing, self-supporting), strip horizontal cutting (non-bearing), strip vertical cutting (non-bearing).
4.2 The design solutions of the panels are determined by the parameters adopted during the design. reflecting the architectural, technological and design features of the panels, including those indicated in 5.2.10.
4.3 When using a single-row cut of the walls, the panels are divided into ordinary and corner - blind and with openings.
When using a horizontal strip cut of the walls, the panels are subdivided into strip and inter-window (wall) - ordinary and corner.
When using a vertical strip cut of the walls, the panels are subdivided into strip - ordinary and corner, as well as window sills.
5 Panel types, basic parameters
5.1 Panel types and symbols
5.1.1 Panels are subdivided into the following types according to the combination of characteristics that assign them to different classification groups (see 4.1):
For aboveground floors:
ZNSNg is a three-layer, external wall bearing laneel with flexible ties (single-row cutting).
ZNSNzh - three-layer, external wall bearing panel with rigid ties (single-row cut),
ЗНСг - three-layer external wall curtain lanel with flexible ties (single-row cutting),
ZNSzh - three-layer external wall curtain panel with rigid ties (single-row cut),
ZNGg - three-layer external wall curtain panel horizontal strip cut * ki with flexible ties,
ZNGzh is a three-layer external curtain wall panel of horizontal strip cut with rigid ties.
ЗНВг »three-layer external wall curtain panel of vertical strip cutting with flexible ties.
ZNVzh - a three-layer external stacked non-bearing panel with a vertical strip cut with rigid ties:
For basement or technical underground:
ЗНЦНг - three-layer external basement bearing panel with flexible ties (single-row cutting),
ЗНЦНж - three-layer external basement bearing panel with rigid ties (single-row cutting),
ЗНЦг - three-layer external basement non-bearing panel with flexible ties (single-row cut),
ЗНЦж - three-layer external basement non-bearing with rigid connections (single-row cutting);
For the attic:
ZNCHNg - a three-layer external attic load-bearing panel with flexible ties (one-row cutting),
ZNCHNzh - three-layer external attic bearing panel with rigid ties (single-row cutting),
ЗНЧг - three-layer external attic non-bearing panel with flexible ties (single-row cut),
ЗНЧЖ - three-layer external attic non-bearing panel with rigid ties (single-row cutting),
ЗНЧГг - a three-layer external attic panel of horizontal strip cutting, a panel with flexible connections.
ЗНЧГЖ - three-layer external attic panel of horizontal strip cutting panel with rigid ties.
ZNCHVg - a three-layer outer attic panel with a vertical strip cut, a panel with flexible ties,
ZNCHVzh - a three-layer outer attic panel with a vertical strip cut, a panel with rigid ties.
5.1.2 Panels should be marked with brands in accordance with GOST 23009. When establishing designations, it is recommended to take into account the following provisions.
The panel brand consists of alphanumeric groups separated by dots.
The first group contains the designation of the panel type and overall dimensions.
The designations of the types of panels (see 5.1.1) are supplemented, if necessary, with letter indices indicating their intended use in the walls of buildings or other features of specific types.
The length and height of the panel is indicated in decimetres (rounded to the nearest whole number), and the thickness - in centimeters.
In the second group, if necessary, indicate the type of concrete and designations of the design features of the panel.
An example of a symbol (brand) of a three-layer external wall bearing panel of a single cut with flexible ties 3000 mm long. 2800 mm high and 350 mm thick made of heavy concrete:
ZNSNg 30.28.35
Note - It is allowed to accept the designations of the brands of panels in accordance with the working drawings of typical structures.
5.2 Scope of panels, defining the nomenclature of parameters
5.2.1 The scope of the panels is determined by:
a) the purpose of buildings and their classes of responsibility;
b) the static scheme of the external walls;
c) maximum number of storeys or maximum height of buildings;
d) the calculated vertical load on the panel;
e) estimated wind load in the construction area;
f) the estimated seismicity of the construction area;
g) the degree of fire resistance of buildings;
i) the class of constructive fire hazard of buildings;
j) an indicator of thermal protection - the maximum reduced resistance to heat transfer;
k) the degree of aggressiveness of the air;
m) temperature and humidity conditions of the enclosed premises.
5.2.2 The loads and influences on panels corresponding to their field of application include:
Constant loads (from their own weight and the weight of the building structures resting on them);
Temporary loads on floors and coverings of the building (including snow);
Loads from attachments;
Wind loads;
Temperature and climatic influences;
Seismic impacts;
Accidental impacts - blows (external and internal), explosions:
Impacts due to deformations of the base, as well as shrinkage and creep of materials;
Vibrations transmitted by soil or generated by technological equipment:
Airborne noise;
Solar radiation;
The impact of an aggressive environment.
5.2.3 As elements of external fencing, panels should participate in the performance of their functions in terms of ensuring:
Safety of people;
Protection of premises from adverse climatic influences;
The required microclimate and acoustic comfort in the premises;
Energy saving;
Longevity.
5.2.4 Ensuring personal safety
5.2.4.1 To ensure the safety of people, panels must have the following properties:
Strength, stiffness and crack resistance;
The strength of the connecting links;
Fire safety;
Operational safety, including in case of accidental impacts and emergencies;
Seismic safety (if predicted).
5.2.4.2 The strength, stiffness and crack resistance of the panel under operational influences are provided by the parameters of the concrete layers adopted according to the results of static calculations (concrete class in terms of compressive strength, layer thickness, reinforcement) and are determined by the load-bearing capacity of the panels under eccentric compression.
The main indicators characterizing the strength, stiffness and crack resistance of the panels are:
Calculated vertical load on the top edge of the panel, kN / m;
Estimated wind or seismic load. kPa.
5.2.4.3 The strength of the connecting ties between the outer and inner concrete layers of the panels is ensured by the material and dimensions of the section of the tie elements adopted in the working drawings, the parameters and design of their anchoring part, as well as the measures provided for in the working drawings to ensure their corrosion resistance.
5.2.4.4 Safety in case of fire is ensured by the compliance with the fire safety requirements of the panel, including the required degree of fire resistance and the class of structural fire hazard of the building, during the construction of which they are used. The fire safety requirements of the panels include:
Fire resistance limit, min;
Fire hazard class.
5.2.4.5 Safety during panel operation is characterized by the following indicators:
Estimated load from attachments on the inner (facing the room) side of the panel at a distance of the center of gravity of the load from the surface of the panel of 150 mm and with specified fastening methods, kN;
Design load from attachments on the outer side of the panel at a distance of the center of gravity of the load from the surface of the panel of 150 mm and with the specified fastening methods. kN:
Estimated shock load from the inside of the panel. kPa;
Estimated shock load from the outer side of the panel, kPa;
Estimated seismicity of the construction area, points on the MSK-64 scale;
Functional fire hazard class of enclosed premises.
5.2.4.6 The reliability of the panels is determined by the values of the reliability factors (or operating conditions factors) adopted in the design:
By building responsibility class:
Strength characteristics of structural materials (concrete and reinforcement).
5.2.5 Ensuring the protection of premises from adverse climatic influences
5.2.5.1 Panels must have properties that ensure, under the most unfavorable design climatic conditions:
Sufficient heat protection in winter;
Sufficient heat resistance in summer;
Impermeable to rainwater;
Necessary resistance to air and vapor permeation.
5.2.5.2 Indicators of panel properties specified in 5.2.5.1. are:
Reduced resistance to heat transfer. m 2 - * С / W. taking into account joints with overlap and adjacent panels:
The calculated amplitude of fluctuations in the temperature of the inner surface in the summer, ° С:
Waterproof;
Resistance to air permeation. m 2 h Pa / kg:
Resistance to vapor permeation, m 2 h Pa / mg.
5.2.6 Ensuring the required microclimate, acoustic comfort
5.2.6.1 Panels must have properties that ensure:
Lack of high humidity in rooms:
Lack of increased air mobility in rooms;
No condensation on the inner surface of the panels;
Reducing noise from external sources (including vehicles).
5.2.6.2 Indicators of panel properties specified in 5.2.6.1. are:
Initial moisture content of concrete. % by weight;
Constructive provision of tightness of panels during installation;
Local resistance to heat transfer, m 2 ° C / W, in places of thermal engineering inhomogeneities (slopes of openings, ends, etc.);
Insulation from airborne noise of the panel. dBA.
5.2.7 Ensuring energy savings
5.2.7.1 The panels must have properties that contribute to the rational consumption of thermal energy for heating the enclosed premises during the heating period.
5.27.2 The indicator of ensuring compliance with requirement 5.2.7.1 is the compliance of the following panel indicators with the required minimum values according to the current regulatory documents in the field of thermal protection of buildings:
Reduced resistance to heat transfer of the panel, m * in С / W;
Resistance to air permeation, mg h Pa / kg;
Resistance to vapor permeation. m g h Pa / mg.
5.2.8 Ensuring durability
5.2.8.1 8 panels should be provided with the preservation of the property indicators specified in 5.2.1-5.2.7, during the service life under the intended modes of operation and maintenance.
5.2.8.2 Indicators of panel durability are:
Compressive strength class of concrete:
Coefficient of heat engineering homogeneity, taking into account the joints of the panel with the overlap and adjacent panels;
The calculated value of the maximum vertical displacement of the outer layer in relation to the inner concrete layer due to temperature deformations, mm;
Concrete grade for frost resistance;
Concrete grade for water resistance;
Insulation biostability;
The service life of the insulation material until reaching the limiting state in terms of heat-shielding properties under specified operating conditions.
5.2.9 The applicability of the indicators specified in 5.2.4-5.2.8 for assessing the properties of panels is given in Table 1.
Table 1
|
Indicator name |
Til päeepey |
|||||||
|
Estimated load from attachments on the inner (facing the room) side of the panel at a distance of the center of gravity of the load from the surface of the pwnpip 150 we and with the specified methods of fastening. kN | ||||||||
|
Also. on the outside of the pvnepi. kK | ||||||||
|
Design shock load from the inner side of the panel, kPa | ||||||||
|
Also. from the outside of the panel, kLa | ||||||||
|
Estimated seismicity of the construction area. points on the MSK-64 scale | ||||||||
|
Functional fire hazard class of enclosed premises | ||||||||
|
Panel fire resistance, min | ||||||||
|
Panel fire hazard class | ||||||||
|
Initial moisture content of concrete in panels ", K by weight | ||||||||
|
Concrete grade for frost resistance | ||||||||
End of tvbpiii 1
|
Indicator name |
Panel type |
|||||||
|
Concrete grade by water resistance * " | ||||||||
|
Biostability of insulation | ||||||||
|
The service life of the insulation material (until reaching the limiting state in terms of heat-shielding properties under specified operating conditions), years | ||||||||
|
Reduced resistance to heat transfer of the panel, m 2 - ° С / W | ||||||||
|
The smallest local resistance to heat transfer of the panel in places of heat engineering inhomogeneities. m 2 'С / W | ||||||||
|
The heat resistance index of the panel is the calculated amplitude of fluctuations in the temperature of the inner surface of the walls in the summer. ‘C 2’ | ||||||||
|
Resistance to air permeability. m * - h Pa / kg | ||||||||
|
Resistance to vapor permeation. m 2 h La / mg | ||||||||
|
Water tightness of panels "1 | ||||||||
|
Sound insulation of the panel from airborne noise. dBA | ||||||||
|
The calculated value of the maximum vertical displacement of the outer concrete layer in relation to the inner concrete layer, mm | ||||||||
|
The calculated value of the maximum horizontal displacement of the outer concrete layer in relation to the inner concrete layer, mm | ||||||||
11 For lightweight concrete panels.
21 8 cases provided for in the current standards for concrete and reinforced concrete structures, as well as for the protection of these structures from corrosion.
21 For the climatic conditions of Moscow.
Notes (edit)
1 When determining the applicability of the parameters of the panels indicated in Table 1, one should take into account the accepted structures of the walls and the panels themselves and the characteristics of the materials used.
2 In Table 1, in the “Panel type” column, the “♦” sign indicates the need to determine the indicator for this panel type, the “-” sign - the indicator for this panel type is not determined.
8 of the working documentation on the panel, developed for repeated use in various conditions, the ranges of the calculated values of the indicators indicated in table 1 should be established, which can be provided with an allowable variation in the characteristics of the materials and components used.
5.2.10 In addition to the indicators shown in Table 1., the panels are characterized by:
Types of finishes for external and internal front surfaces:
Range of overall dimensions;
Type of vertical and horizontal joints with adjacent panels;
Type of attachment to adjacent building structures;
The parameters of the main layers;
By the type of concrete of the outer and inner layers - heavy, light, etc .;
Insulating layer material;
Type of connecting ties (flexible from corrosion-resistant steel, non-metallic or rigid reinforced concrete, steel in the form of dowels or ribs);
The device of vertical and horizontal fire diffusers in the thermal insulation
The design of horizontal and vertical joints (with or without a rain ridge, i.e. a flat joint);
The type of joints according to the method of providing water * and air insulation of premises (closed, drained or open);
The presence or absence of a vapor-eolation layer.
Single-row cut panels are also characterized by the size and number of window and door openings.
6 General requirements for panel construction
6.1 Dimensional requirements
6.1.1 Coordination and structural dimensions of panels, length and height should be assigned in accordance with the design solutions of the formwork and assembly units. The dimensions of the panels in terms of thickness * not in millimeters are recommended to be taken as multiples of 10.20 or 50.
6.1.2 Limit deviations of the actual dimensions of panels in length, height and thickness should * be set in the design documentation for a specific building based on calculations of the accuracy of geometric parameters in accordance with GOST 21780 based on data on the conditions of manufacture and installation of these products and their operation in building structures, the values of technological tolerances in accordance with GOST 21779.
In the working documentation on the panel, developed for repeated use in various conditions, including in the working drawings included in the catalogs of standard designs, the maximum deviations of the actual dimensions from the nominal ones are recommended to be taken no higher than the values indicated in Table 2.
Table 2
|
type of deviation |
Geometric parameter and its memorial value, mm |
Limit deviation, im |
|
Deviation of linear rveme * |
Panel length and height at maximum size * | |
|
pe in a series of standard sizes: | ||
|
< 4 000 г 8 000 | ||
|
Panel thickness |
6.2 Requirements for concrete layers of panels
1 Thickness of concrete layers
6.2.1.1 The nominal thickness of the reinforced outer and inner concrete layers of the panel should be determined by static analysis, taking into account the provision of the required bearing capacity, rigidity and crack resistance of the panels, the anchorage strength of flexible ties - connecting between concrete layers and at joints, mounting loops, strength and crack resistance of connecting layers between layers reinforced concrete dowels or ribs, the thickness of the concrete cover to the reinforcement, the requirements for the joints between the panels and other building structures, for the fastening points in the panels of window and door blocks.
Taking into account the above factors, the nominal thickness of the concrete layers should be taken at least, mm;
Inner layer :.
Load-bearing panels -120;
Non-bearing panels - 80;
Floor-by-floor bearing panels:
Heavy concrete - 80;
Lightweight concrete - 100;
Outer layer:
Heavy concrete - 65;
Lightweight concrete - 80.
The nominal layer thicknesses listed above include the nominal thickness of concrete or mortar of protective-decorative and interior finishing layers.
6.2.1.2 The nominal thicknesses of concrete layers indicated in b.2.1.1 can be increased along the perimeter of openings or the perimeter of the panel, when forming profiles for installing window or door frames, for placing sealing, sealing, heat-insulating materials in the joints, forming a decompression cavity and grooves for installation of a water deflector tape in open joints.
In addition, the nominal thicknesses of concrete layers can be increased in order to provide the required minimum thicknesses of protective layers to reinforcement or elements of the anchoring part of flexible ties.
the deviation values of the thickness of the concrete layers are given in 7.3.2 and 7.3.3.
6.2.2 Requirements for concrete of the main layers of panels
6.2.2.1 For concrete of the main (outer and inner) layers of panels, dense heavy or lightweight concrete with a volume of intergranular void of the compacted mixture of no more than 3% should be used. Strength requirements should be imposed on the concrete of the panels, and for the concrete of the outer layers - also strength, frost resistance and water resistance. For all types of concrete, requirements must be established for the tempering characteristics of strength, and for lightweight concrete - for moisture.
6.2.2.2 For the main layers of panels, heavy (or fine-grained) concrete according to GOST 26633 of class 615 and higher or lightweight concrete according to GOST 25620 of dense structure of class B15 and higher should be taken.
6.2.2.3 In the working documentation on the panel, the required concrete structure, the type of coarse and fine aggregates, the permissible limiting size of aggregates must be indicated. Dense sand or a mixture of dense and porous fishing line should be used as a fine aggregate for lightweight structural concrete lo GOST 2562C of compressive strength classes B12.5 and higher. It is not allowed to use perlite sand with an average density of less than 250 kg / m 3 as a fine porous aggregate for lightweight structural concrete, as well as ash or ash-and-slag mixture.
6.2.2.4 The normalized tempering compressive strength of heavy and light concrete and the solution of the outer protective, decorative and inner finishing layers should be set in the design documentation for a specific building and indicated in the order for the manufacture of panels, taking into account the requirements of GOST 13015. The normalized tempering strength should be at least 70% of design compressive strength.
6.2.2.5 Grades of concrete and mortar for frost resistance and water tightness panels should be established in the working documentation on panels for specific buildings and taken depending on the calculated values of the climatic parameters of the construction area and the parameters of the humidity regime of the enclosed premises, taking into account the presence of aggressive environmental influences in accordance with the requirements of the current norms that apply to concrete and reinforced concrete structures, as well as the protection of these structures from corrosion.
6.2.2.6 Grades of concrete and mortar of panels in terms of frost resistance should be assigned at a design negative outside air temperature in the cold period from minus 5 C to minus 40 C not lower than F75 - for heavy concrete and not lower than F35 - for lightweight concrete. At a calculated negative outside temperature in the cold period above minus 5 C, the concrete grade for frost resistance is not standardized.
6.2.27 Grades of lightweight concrete of the main layers of panels in terms of average density in a dry state shall be assigned taking into account the class of concrete in terms of compressive strength on the basis of the requirements of GOST 25820.
6.2.2.8 The coefficient of thermal conductivity of concrete of the main layers of the panels, indicated in the working documentation, should be taken depending on the density of concrete in a dry state and the operating conditions of the panel in accordance with the current regulatory documents and technical documentation in the field of thermal protection of buildings.
6.2.2.9 Requirements for indicators of the structure of lightweight concrete panels (the volume of intergranular voids and the volume of entrained air) should be established in accordance with the requirements of GOST 25820.
6.2.3 Requirements for protective, decorative and finishing layers
6.2.3.1 The nominal thickness of the protective and decorative layer of the panels should be taken at least, mm:
15 - in overhead panels:
30 - in basement panels and panels of the technical underground.
The nominal size of the ventilated gap in panels with a protective and decorative layer - a ventilated screen should be taken at least 15 mm.
6.2.3.2 The nominal thickness of the mortar layer in the inner finishing layer of the panels should be taken no more than, mm:
15 - in wall panels of rooms with dry or normal mode:
20 - in the panels of the walls of rooms with high humidity.
6.2.3.3 The design class of concrete and the grade of the mortar in terms of compressive strength for the outer protective and decorative layer should be taken equal to the class of concrete of the base layer or differ from it by no more than one step.
6.2.3.4 The grade of the mortar in terms of compressive strength for the inner finishing layer of the panels should be taken not higher than the grade of concrete on which this layer is applied, and not lower than the grade M25.
6.2.3.5 The values of the normalized tempering strength of concrete for the outer protective-decorative and inner finishing layers must correspond to the concrete of the main layers of the panel.
The normalized tempering strength of the solution must be at least 70% of the strength at the age of 28 days.
6.3 Requirements for the thermal insulation layer of panels
6.3.1 For the heat-insulating layer of panels, heat-insulating products in the form of slabs made of polymer and mineral wool materials, as well as lightweight concrete should be used.
6.3.2 Rigid heat-insulating boards made of the following materials should be used as a heat-insulating layer:
Polystyrene foam grade 25 or 35 in accordance with GOST 15588;
Mineral wool based on basalt fiber on a synthetic binder with a density of 80-160 kg / m 3 and eolostanite fiber on a bitumen-mineral bond;
Mineral wool on a synthetic binder with a density of not more than 175 kg / m 3 in accordance with GOST 9573 and GOST 22950;
Mineral wool made of glass fiber on a synthetic binder with a density of not more than 150 kg / m 3 in accordance with GOST 10499.
Semi-rigid thermal insulation materials may only be used in combination with rigid ones. In this case, the semi-rigid thermal insulation boards should be laid directly on the concrete layer that is the bottom during concreting.
It is allowed to use other heat-insulating products and materials manufactured in accordance with the relevant standards and meeting the requirements of this standard for the purpose and conditions of use, taking into account the following requirements:
The coefficient of thermal conductivity of heat-insulating materials X should be no more than 0.08W / (m 2 * C);
Average nominal density - no more than 200 kg / m 3.
Notes (edit)
1 The calculated thermal conductivity of the heat-insulating layer is determined taking into account the calculated compaction of heat-insulating materials and products during the manufacture of panels.
2 The nominal average density of the heat-insulating layer is determined as the quotient of dividing its dry mass by the compacted volume. For multi-row thermal insulation, the calculation is based on the total mass and volume of the layers in a compacted state.
6.3.3 Thermal insulation products and materials used for the manufacture of panels must have a hygienic conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological supervision authorities and a fire safety certificate.
6.3.4 When using a five-layer thermal insulation layer in three-layer panels of new materials, it is necessary to have technical certificates on them, issued in accordance with the established procedure, indicating the following main characteristics:
Average density, kg / m 3;
Strength at 10% reduction. MPa;
Thermal conductivity coefficient (dry and calculated value), W / (m? ° С);
Weight moisture. % by weight.
The given characteristics must comply with the requirements of this standard and GOST 16381.
6.3.5 The design coefficient of thermal conductivity of the material of the heat-insulating layer is established in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory documents and technical documentation * in the field of thermal protection of buildings for the design operating conditions of the building envelope, depending on the humidity conditions of the premises and moisture zones or in accordance with the test results.
6.3.6 if the heat-insulating plates are a combustible material (in accordance with GOST 30244), it is necessary to arrange fire-retardant barriers made of non-combustible material around the perimeter of window openings and at the joints of the panels, for example, mineral wool slabs on a basalt basis.
6.3.7 Thermal insulation boards are allowed to be placed in panels in one or more layers. The layout of the thermal insulation boards is indicated in the working documentation on the panel. Technical requirements for the laying of slabs are given in 7.7.4 and 7.7.5.
6.3.6 Moisture-consuming and non-moisture-resistant heat-insulating materials and products used where necessary, determined by the design of three-layer panels, the technology of their molding and heat treatment, must be protected from moisture during the production of panels. Methods of protection should be indicated in the working documentation on the panel.
Notes (edit)
1 Moisture-consuming materials and products are those whose release moisture content, in the absence of moisture protection measures during the manufacturing process, may exceed the allowable moisture content established in 7.7.2 and 7.7.3.
2 Non-invasive heat-insulating materials and products, the technical characteristics of which (for example, dimensions, strength, deformability, thermal conductivity, etc.), in the absence of measures to protect them from moisture during the manufacture of the panel, may irreversibly deteriorate.
6.3.9 When choosing products and materials for the heat-insulating layer, their biostability and durability should be taken into account.
in order to ensure the heat-shielding properties of the panel, the period of preservation of the heat-shielding properties of products and materials of the heat-insulating layer under operating conditions should not be less than the estimated service life of the panel as a whole.
6.4 Connecting links
6.4.1 The purpose of connecting ties in three-layer panels is to ensure the integrity of the panel during its manufacture, assembly, storage, transportation, installation and operation.
For these purposes, apply:
Flexible ties in the form of individual rods, strips, reinforcement products of various types from corrosion-resistant steel or steel of ordinary quality (with or without anti-corrosion coating);
Flexible ties in the form of separate rods made of non-metallic alkali-resistant materials:
Discrete reinforced concrete ties - dowels or ribs:
Reinforced concrete ribs made of lightweight concrete.
6.4.2 Non-metallic materials should only be used for flexible braces - struts and flexible braces - struts. The use of flexible ties - suspensions made of non-metallic materials are not allowed.
6.4.3 The placement of ties along the body of the panel should ensure the joint operation of the outer and inner concrete layers of the panel during the operation of buildings.
6.4.4 Flexible ties should consist of two parts: working (connecting) and anchoring.
Working elements of flexible connections should be made of corrosion-resistant materials.
Anchoring elements of flexible ties are placed in concrete layers; to protect them from corrosion, the following should be provided:
The required thickness of the concrete cover (except for flexible ties made of alkali-resistant materials);
Limiting intergranular voids and crack widths in concrete;
Types of concrete, in which the content of components that cause metal corrosion does not exceed the permissible level.
"SP 50.13330.2012" SNiL 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings "operates in the Russian Federation.
6.4.5 The dimensions of the section and the reinforcement of rigid connecting ties (reinforced concrete lvrv-ties and ribs) should be taken in such a way that the formation of cracks and corrosion of the reinforcement in these ties and in the adjacent zones of the panels are excluded. To protect the reinforcement from corrosion, it is necessary to apply the measures specified in 6.4.4 to protect the anchoring elements of flexible ties. The nominal thickness of reinforced concrete ribs and the nominal dimensions of reinforced concrete dowels should be taken at least 60 mm. At the same time, it is recommended to observe the condition according to which the value of the coefficient of thermal homogeneity of the panels, determined taking into account the current regulatory documents and technical documentation and taken into account in the calculation of the resistance to heat transfer, must be at least 0.6.
6.4.6 The number of ties required to ensure the integrity of the panel during the operation of the building should be determined by calculation according to approved methods. The types and location of links should be indicated in the working documentation for the panel.
6.5 Additional requirements
6.5.1 In panels with openings adjacent to their end faces (for example, with door openings), constructive measures should be taken (for example, the formation of a closed reinforcing contour by installing a reinforced lintel using frames, reinforcing bars or in another way) to prevent the appearance of cracks in the panel in the area of the opening during loading and unloading operations, transportation, storage and installation.
6.5.2 The nominal thickness of the concrete cover to the reinforcement (including the outer protective-decorative or inner finishing layer) should be taken not less than the values given in Table 3. The only exception is panels intended for northern climatic sub-regions - 1B. 1G. IA. MB. IG. 1MB and IVE, taking into account the current regulatory documents and technical documentation with low average daily air temperatures (degrees Celsius), in which the nominal thickness of the protective layer from lightweight concrete from the outer surface to the reinforcement must be taken at least 30 mm. a layer of heavy concrete - at least 25 mm.
The nominal thickness of the concrete cover to the reinforcement located in the layer, which is the top during concreting, should be taken taking into account the permissible deviations of the thickness of this layer, the thicknesses of the reinforced layers, but not less than the values specified in Table 3.
Table 3
|
Surface from which it measures the thickness of the concrete cover |
type of concrete layer, reinforcement |
The minimum nominal thickness of the concrete cover is up to 1 "arcature, we |
|
|
"Onstructyama |
|||
|
Outer (front) adjacent to the heat-insulating layer | |||
|
The surface of the inner side of the panel and the edge of the opening | |||
|
|; In load-bearing panels, the minimum nominal thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement is assigned depending on the standardized fire resistance limits for the bearing capacity, established by the fire safety regulations. |
|||
7 Technical requirements
7.1 Requirements for factory readiness of panels
7.1.1 Panels should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for design and technological documentation, approved in the prescribed manner.
7.1.2 Factory readiness of panels must comply with the requirements of this standard and additional requirements of design documentation for specific buildings, established taking into account the conditions of transportation and storage of panels, technology of handling and installation of buildings.
In the cases provided for in the design documentation for specific buildings, the panels should be supplied with applied waterproof primers, installed window and door blocks, window-sill plates and drains, made with sealing and thermal insulation at the joints between window and door blocks and the edges of openings, overhead products and other structural elements. specified in 7.1.3.
Delivery of panels without window and door blocks, window-sill plates and drains, if their installation is provided for by the design documentation, is allowed only by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and the design organization - the author of the project.
7.1.3 In the cases provided for by the design documentation, the panels must have:
Protrusions, cutouts, punches, niches, steel embedded and overhead products and other structural elements designed to support panels on building structures and for polishing and abutting adjacent structures:
Cutouts and grooves in the end zones and other places of abutment to panels of adjacent structures, intended for the formation of a keyway connection after e-monolithing of the joints;
Reinforcement bars, steel embedded products and other structural elements for connecting panels to each other and to adjacent building structures:
Protrusions, grooves and other structural details in the end zones of the panels, along the perimeter of the openings, designed to form an anti-rain barrier, stop gaskets and sealants, install a water deflector (tape) at the junction, etc.;
Sockets for mounting (lifting) hinges and other mounting and connecting parts;
Window blocks with window-sill plates, sinks and door blocks;
Embedded and overhead products for attaching attached window-sill plates, sun protection devices, curtains, cornices, devices for hanging curtains and other equipment, open heating devices and other engineering equipment.
7.2 Requirements for the actual values of the functional parameters of panels
7.2.1 The actual values of the functional parameters of the panels, the nomenclature of which is presented in Table 1. must correspond to the limit or nominal values specified in the working documentation for these panels.
7.2.2 The actual values of the functional parameters of the panels should be determined based on the results of periodic tests in accordance with 8.2.1. The actual values of the parameters not specified in 8.2.1 and Table 5. are determined based on the results of research tests carried out before the panels were put into production.
7.3 Requirements for the accuracy of geometric parameters
7.3.1 Actual deviations of the geometric parameters of the panels from the design (nominal) values should not exceed the limit established by this standard or regulatory documents on the panel. Limit values of deviations in length, height and thickness of panels are taken in accordance with 6.1. limit values of deviations of other parameters of panels - in accordance with table 4.
Table 4
|
vmd geometric parameter deviation |
Limit deviation mm |
|
|
Linear deviation |
Dimensions of openings, cutouts, protrusions and recesses: | |
|
Dimensions of sockets for unsoldered boxes, switches and | ||
|
sockets, channel cross-section and bo- | ||
|
socket for electrical wiring |
End of table 4
|
type of deviation |
Geometric parameter and its nominal value, mm |
Limit deviation. |
|
geometric parameter | ||
|
Linear deviation |
Dimensions that determine the position of openings, cutouts, cutouts | |
|
stupas and grooves: | ||
|
Dimensions that determine the position of steel embedded parts located in accordance with the working documentation at the same level with the concrete surface and not serving as clamps during installation: In the plane of the panel with the size of the embedded part up to 100 mm | ||
|
In the plane of the panel when the size of the embedded part is over 100 mm | ||
|
From the plane of the panel | ||
|
Dimensions that determine the position of steel embedded parts that serve as latches during installation | ||
|
Deviation from straightness |
The straightness of the profile of the front surfaces, supports | |
|
impairments |
ny and end faces: On sections 1 m long Over the entire length of a panel or block length: | |
|
Deviation from planes |
The flatness of the front surface when measured from | |
|
conditional plane passing through three corner points of the surface pvnel at the largest size (length or height): | ||
|
Deviation from perpene |
The perpendicularity of adjacent end faces (for pene- | |
|
diculars |
ley rectangular) when measuring on the base: | |
7.3.2 Deviations from the design thickness of the concrete layers, as well as the outer protective-decorative and inner finishing layers of the panels should not exceed ± 5 mm. Deviations from the design thickness of the heat-insulating layer with a slab insulation, laid in one layer, should not exceed ± 5 mm. and in two layers - ± 10 mm.
7.3.3 Maximum deviations from the design thickness of the concrete cover to the working reinforcement should be assigned in accordance with GOST 13015.
7.4 Requirements for concrete and mortar
7.4.1 Concrete used for the main layers of panels must meet the requirements:
Heavy and fine-grained concrete - GOST 26633;
Lightweight concrete - GOST 25820.
The solution used in the manufacture of panels must comply with the requirements of GOST 28013.
7.4.2 The actual strength of concrete (at the age of 28 days and tempering) must correspond to the required one, assigned in accordance with GOST 18105, depending on the class of concrete established in the working documentation and the indicator of the actual uniformity of concrete strength.
7.4.3 The actual strength of the solution of the outer protective-decorative and inner finishing layers of the panels (at the age of 28 days and release) must not be lower than the rated strength.
7.4.4 The actual average density of lightweight concrete must correspond to the required average density, determined in accordance with GOST 27005, depending on the concrete grade in terms of average density and the coefficient of the required density, which characterizes the actual homogeneity of concrete in terms of density.
7.4.5 The actual thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete of the main layers of the panels should not exceed by more than 10% the thermal conductivity values indicated in the working documentation on the panel.
7.4.6 The actual values of the volume of intergranular voids and the volume of entrained air in the compacted concrete mixture should not exceed the values adopted in accordance with GOST 25820 and 6.2.2.1.
7.4.7 Frost resistance of concrete and mortar and water resistance of concrete must correspond to the marks for frost resistance and water resistance established in the design documentation for specific buildings and specified in the order for the manufacture of panels.
7.5 Requirements for reinforcement and embedded products
7.5.1 Grades and classes of steel for reinforcement and embedded products must correspond to those indicated in the working drawings of the panels.
7.5.2 Welded fittings and embedded products must comply with the requirements of GOST 10922 and GOST 23279.
7.6 Requirements for non-metallic flexible bonds
7.6.1 Non-metallic flexible ties shall meet the following requirements:
By material - durability;
By parameters - manufacturing accuracy.
7.7 Requirements for thermal insulation layer
7.7.1 The strength of materials and products of the heat-insulating layer at 10% compression for panels, in the manufacture of which concrete of the outer or inner layer is laid on the heat-insulating layer, should be such that the compressibility of the heat-insulating layer does not exceed 6% at the pressure created by the mass laid on it is a layer of concrete.
It is allowed to use heat-insulating plates with compressibility at a specified pressure from 6% to 15% (semi-rigid plates in accordance with GOST 16381) in combination with heat-insulating products, the compressibility of which does not exceed 4%.
In this case, a layer of more rigid thermal insulation boards should be laid along a layer of less rigid
7.7.2 The moisture content of heat-insulating products when laid in panels (initial moisture content) should not exceed the maximum permissible moisture content (weight moisture) established in the standards for a specific type of product.
7.7.3 The moisture content of the heat-insulating layer when the panels are released to the consumer (release moisture) should not exceed the maximum permissible moisture content (weight moisture), established for the heat-insulating products from which this layer is made, by more than 5% by weight.
7.7.4 Thermal insulation boards should be placed in panels tightly to each other.
When the thermal insulation boards are arranged in several layers, the seams between the boards in each of the layers must be displaced in relation to the seams between the boards in adjacent layers by at least the layer thickness.
The layout of the insulation boards must correspond to the panels specified in the working drawings.
7.7.5 The gaps between the ends of the heat-insulating plates and the gaps in the places of their abutment to the mold must be protected from the flowing of the concrete mixture and its mortar component. The locations of the gaps and the methods of protection against the ingress of concrete mixture should be indicated in the working drawings of each specific panel.
7.8 MassPanelvie requirements
7.8.1 Deviations of the actual mass of the panels when they are released to the consumer from the nominal mass specified in the working documentation should not exceed ± 10%.
7.8.2 The nominal release weight of panels with the main layers of lightweight concrete is calculated at the design average concrete density of the main layers and the density of the insulation, taking into account their highest allowable release moisture.
The nominal selling weight of panels with the main layers of heavy concrete should be taken taking into account the actual average concrete density at the manufacturer's premises. determined by test results.
7.9 Requirements for the appearance and quality of panel surfaces
7.9.1 The type and quality of finishing of the outer front surfaces of the panels must comply with the requirements of the design documentation and the standard of finishing approved by agreement with the customer.
7.9.2 The types of window and balcony blocks installed in the panels, their coloring, glazing and completing with window sill plates, drains and embedded products must correspond to the manufacturing order.
7.9.3 The quality of the concrete surfaces of the panels must comply with the requirements of GOST 13015 for the surfaces of the categories specified in the standard or working documentation on the panel or regulatory documents on the panel.
7.9.4 On the sections of the surfaces of the panels intended for the formation of sealed zones in the joints and the application of glued air insulation. must not be:
Sinks with a diameter of more than Emmy and a depth of more than 2 mm:
Local deposits and depressions with a height (depth) of more than 2 mm;
Concrete chips of ribs with a depth of more than 2 mm and a length of more than 30 mm per 1 m of rib.
7.9.5 There should be no grease or rusty spots on the surfaces of the panels.
7.9.6 There should be no exfoliated finishing materials on the veneered surfaces of the lamellas. The quality of the joints between elements of finishing materials must correspond to the standard of finishing (see 7.9.1).
7.9.7 There should be no cracks in concrete and mortar intended for the manufacture of panels, with the exception of local surface cracks with a width of no more than 0.2 mm.
7.10 Requirements for materials and components
7.10.1 Binders, aggregates, additives and water used for the preparation of concrete must comply with:
For heavy and fine-grained concrete - GOST 26633:
For lightweight concrete - GOST 25620.
The materials used to prepare the solution must comply with the requirements of GOST 28013.
7.10.2 Thermal insulation boards should be used as the material of the heat-insulating layer in the panels in accordance with 6.3.2.
It is allowed to use other heat-insulating materials that meet the requirements of this standard (see 6.3.3) and provide the heat transfer resistance of the panels required in the specific operating conditions of the buildings during their entire envisaged service life.
7.10.3 For the reinforcement of panels, reinforcing steel should be used that meets the requirements:
For bar reinforcement - GOST 5781 or GOST 10884;
For reinforcing wire - GOST 6727.
7.10.4 Steel for the manufacture of embedded products and mounting hinges must comply with the requirements established in GOST 13015.
7.10.5 Window blocks and balcony door blocks installed in panels must comply with the requirements of GOST 11214. GOST 21519. GOST 23166. GOST 24700. GOST 25097. GOST 30674. Outside door blocks - GOST 475. Joins to panel openings - GOST 30971 ...
7.10.6 Paints and varnishes and facing materials and mastics used for finishing panels, as well as for waterproofing, vapor-insulating and anticorrosive coatings, must comply with the requirements of the relevant standards and, in cases stipulated by regulatory documents, have certificates of conformity.
7.11 Marking
7.11.1 Markings, signs and the name of the manufacturer should be applied to the side edges or other surfaces of the panels in accordance with GOST 13015.
7.11.2 Methods and rules for applying marking on panels are specified in section 7 of GOST 13015.
8 Acceptance rules
8.1 General rules for acceptance
8.1.1 Acceptance of panels is carried out in batches in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015 and this standard. The batch includes products of the same type of concrete of the same compressive strength class and of the same grade in terms of average density, made using the same technology from materials of the same type and quality within no more than one day.
8.1.2 Acceptance of panels is carried out according to the results of incoming and operational control, periodic and acceptance tests.
8.1.3 The characteristics of the panels controlled during input and operational control must comply with GOST 13015. Additionally, during operational control, check:
Moisture of the material of the insulation boards before laying in the mold;
Correct position and anchoring of flexible ties and reinforcement of rigid ties.
The actual thickness of the concrete layer of the panels.
Actual thickness of the thermal insulation layer:
Correct laying of insulation plates and installation of fire protection diffusers (liners);
The presence and number of slots in the insulation slabs at the locations of the tie elements, the quality of the slot sealing;
The presence and correct installation of wooden plugs for fastening window and door blocks;
Availability and quality of primer coatings for panels.
8.2 Indicators controlled by the results of periodic tests
8.2.1 Periodic tests to determine the compliance of the controlled parameters of the panels with the required values should be carried out when the panels are put into production, when the production technology or used materials and components are changed, as well as periodically within the terms specified in the working documentation.
8.2.2 Panels intended for testing in terms of resistance to force effects. must comply with the requirements of this standard and the working documentation on the panel.
8.2.3 Depending on the specific design, the type of finish adopted and the features of the panel production technology, it is allowed to include, in addition to the indicators according to Table 5, to the number of panel indicators monitored according to the results of periodic tests:
Release humidity of the heat-insulating layer of three-layer panels;
Indicators of porosity of compacted lightweight concrete mix:
Thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete:
Adhesion strength of facing tiles to concrete or mortar:
Deviations of geometric parameters, the accuracy of which depends on integral form elements.
8.2.4 The thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete should be monitored in cases where the resistance to heat transfer of layers of a lightweight concrete panel is taken into account when determining the compliance of the calculated reduced resistance to heat transfer of panels with the requirements of current regulatory documents and technical documentation for thermal protection of buildings.
8.2.5 The release moisture content of materials should be monitored according to the test results of samples taken from three finished panels, at least:
Lightweight concrete of the outer and inner layers - once a month, as well as when the composition of the concrete changes:
Insulating layer material - twice a month.
The assessment of the actual selling moisture content of materials should be carried out according to the results of checking each controlled item by the average moisture content of samples taken from it.
8.2.6 Control of the porosity parameters of the compacted lightweight concrete mixture (the volume of intergranular voids, the volume of entrained air) should be carried out at least once a month.
8.2.7 Control of lightweight concrete thermal conductivity indicators should be carried out at least once every 6 months.
8.2.8 The strength of adhesion of facing tiles with mortar or concrete of panels should be checked at least once every 3 months. Strength is assessed by the average value of the test results of samples taken from five finished panels that are part of one accepted batch of panels.
8.2.9 Inspection of the accuracy indicators of the geometric parameters of the panels is carried out at least once a month, choosing panels from the same batch. Sample size and rules for assessing control results - in accordance with 8.3.5.
8.3 Indicators controlled by the results of acceptance tests
8.3.1 Acceptance of panels based on the results of acceptance tests is carried out according to the following indicators:
Strength of concrete and mortar:
Average density of lightweight concrete;
Compliance of embedded parts, reinforcement products, quality of welded joints and mounting loops with working drawings;
Accuracy of geometric parameters of panels;
Cover thickness of concrete to reinforcement;
Crack opening width:
Concrete surface quality:
The presence of adhesion of the facing tile to concrete or mortar;
Weight of products;
Appearance.
8.3.2 The strength of concrete is monitored in the manner prescribed by GOST 18105. The strength of the mortar (at design age and release) is monitored for each batch of products according to the test results of at least one series of samples made from one sample of the mortar, but at least once per shift ...
8.3.3 The control of the average density of lightweight concrete of the main layers of the panel should be carried out in accordance with GOST 27005.
8.3.4 Compliance of embedded parts, reinforcement products, quality of welded joints and mounting loops to the working drawings is controlled when they are accepted in the reinforcement shop.
8.3.5 Compliance of the accuracy of the geometric parameters, the thickness of the concrete cover to the reinforcement, the width of the crack opening, the quality of concrete surfaces and the mass of products with the requirements of the working documentation is checked according to the results of a selective one-stage control in accordance with GOST 13015.
8.3.6 Compliance with the established requirements for the appearance of products (absence of grease and rusty spots, concrete flows on embedded parts and mounting hinges, outcrops of reinforcement, the presence and correct application of markings and signs, waterproofing and anti-corrosion coatings, the presence, completeness and quality of finishing the filling of openings , compliance of the finish of the outer surfaces with the approved standard) is checked by a complete control of the products included in the batch.
8.3.7 Based on the results of acceptance in accordance with GOST 13015, a document is drawn up on the quality of the panels supplied.
Additionally, the quality document must indicate:
Concrete grade for frost resistance of the outer layer of panels:
Density and coefficient of thermal conductivity of insulation plates of the heat-insulating layer;
Finish type of external facing surfaces with indication of the type of finishing sludge and cladding material and reference to the relevant standards.
If there are layers from the solution in the panels, the quality document should include the following indicators: the grade of the solution for strength, the actual tempering strength and the grade for frost resistance.
6 as indicators of the average density of lightweight concrete of the outer and inner layers of the panels, the actual values of the average density in a state dried to constant weight should be indicated.
9 Methods of inspection and testing
9.1 Quality control of the panel
9.1.1 Compliance with the requirements for the parameters of panels characterizing their resistance to static force effects (load on the top edge of the panel, if the panel is load-bearing), wind (load along the panel field) and seismic effects, is determined by the test results in accordance with GOST 6829 according to the diagrams given in the working documentation on the panel.
Tests should be carried out for centric compression of the inner concrete or reinforced concrete layer and for mutual shear of the outer and inner layers.
The test results determine:
Bearing capacity of the panel walls at non-centered compression, characterized by the value (magnitude) of the breaking static load on the upper edge of the panel:
The maximum displacement of the outer concrete or reinforced concrete layer relative to the inner concrete or reinforced concrete layer at a double design load on the outer layer, including its own weight. should not exceed 2 mm.
9.1.2 Tests in order to determine the resistance of the panel to attachment and shock loads are carried out according to the methods agreed between the manufacturer and the customer.
9.1.3 The accuracy of the dimensions and shape of the panels, the dimensions that characterize the quality of the surfaces of the panels, are determined in accordance with GOST 26433.1.
9.1.4 Compliance with the requirements for the appearance of the panels. - absence of grease and rust stains, concrete overflows on embedded products and mounting hinges, reinforcement outcrops, presence and correctness of marking inscriptions and signs, presence of waterproofing and anti-corrosion coatings, presence, completeness and quality of finishing of filling of openings, compliance of finishing of external surfaces with the approved standard, check visually.
9.2 Testing the strength of concrete and mortar
9.2.1 The compressive strength of concrete is determined in accordance with GOST 10180. Evaluation of test results - in accordance with GOST 18105.
9.2.2 The strength of the solution is controlled in accordance with GOST 5802.
9.2.3 The actual tempering strength of light and heavy concrete is determined according to GOST 17624 when testing panels by the ultrasonic method.
The actual tempering strength of light and heavy concrete can also be determined according to GOST 22690 when testing panels by mechanical methods of non-destructive testing.
9.3 Control of the average concrete density
9.3.1 The average concrete density is determined in accordance with GOST 12730.1. Evaluation of test results - according to GOST 27005.
The average density of concrete is also allowed to be determined according to GOST 17623 by the radioisotope method. At the same time, at least one panel is tested per shift.
9.4 Control of frost resistance and water tightness of concrete
9.4.1 The frost resistance of heavy and light concrete is determined in accordance with GOST 10060. The frost resistance of the mortar is controlled in accordance with GOST 5802.
9.4.2 Water resistance of concrete is determined in accordance with GOST 12730.5.
9.5 Concrete moisture control
9.5.1 The moisture content of lightweight concrete is set in accordance with GOST 12730.2.
9.5.2 At least two samples should be taken from each panel in the sample (see 8.2.5). Samples are taken by drilling from the inner layer of the panel at low speed or using a bolt. The sampling point should be located at a distance of at least 200 mm from the end face of the panel.
The holes formed after sampling should be sealed with a material that ensures the required performance of the panels in the sampling areas is restored.
9.5.3 It is allowed to determine the moisture content of concrete by the dielectric method according to GOST 21718.
9.6 Control of the thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete and the porosity of the concrete mixture
9.6.1 The thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete in a condition dried to constant weight is determined in accordance with GOST 7076. The thermal conductivity test should be carried out at a panel surface temperature from 10 ° C to 40 ° C.
9.6.2 Control of indicators of porosity of concrete mixture of lightweight concrete is carried out in accordance with GOST 10181.
9.7 Inspection of welded reinforcement and embedded products
9.7.1 Inspection and testing of welded reinforcement and embedded products is carried out in accordance with GOST 10922.
9.7.2 It is allowed to determine the quality control of welded joints by the ultrasonic method in accordance with GOST 23858.
9.6 Moisture control of the thermal insulation layer material
9.8.1 Control of the moisture content of the heat-insulating layer material should be carried out by testing samples taken from the finished panels using the methods specified in the material standard. From each panel included in the sample, take at least two samples of thermal insulation material.
9.8.2 It is allowed not to control the release moisture content of the heat-insulating layer made of polystyrene foam plates, adopted in accordance with GOST 15588. and from other non-moisture-absorbing and moisture-resistant materials and products, as indicated in the working documentation on the panel.
9.9 Control of the compressibility and initial moisture content of thermal insulation materials and
9.9.1 Compressibility and initial moisture content of heat-insulating materials and products are controlled in case of changes in these parameters during storage or transportation, as well as before the start of production of each batch of panels.
9.9.2 The compressibility of thermal insulation products should be checked at the pressure specified in 7.7.1. using test equipment and according to the methods specified in GOST 17177 and product standards.
9.9.3 The initial moisture content of heat-insulating materials and products is determined by testing samples taken from them by the methods specified in the standards for materials and products.
9.10 Control of the presence and strength of adhesion of finishing and facing layers with
concrete and mortar
9.10.1 The presence of adhesion of the protective-decorative and finishing layers with the concrete of the panels is checked by tapping.
9.10.2 The adhesion strength of facing tiles with mortar or concrete is determined in accordance with GOST 28039.
10 Transport and storage
10.1 Transportation and storage of panels is carried out in accordance with the working documentation on panels of specific types, developed in compliance with the requirements of GOST 13015 and this standard.
10.2 Panels should be stored in cassettes in a vertical or inclined position.
Window and door units installed in panels must be closed and secured during storage and transportation.
10.3 When storing and transporting panels, the supports are placed only under the inner bearing concrete layer as follows. so that the outer protective, decorative and heat-insulating layers of the panels from below have an air gap of at least 20 mm. The transfer of forces to these layers is not allowed.
Special gaskets are used as supports - wooden, rubber, etc.
If there are parts and parts protruding downward in the panels, the height of the supports must exceed their height by at least 20 mm.
10.4 When storing panels in an open area and during transportation, the horizontal and vertical ends of the panels along the entire length and along the perimeter of the openings and the places where the insulation exits should be pasted over with a waterproof material.
10.5 Panels are transported in a vertical or inclined position on panel transporters, railway platforms and other vehicles equipped with special fastening and supporting devices that ensure the panels are stationary and safe, including the safety of filling openings and parts protruding from the plane of the panels.
10.6 Lifting, loading and unloading of panels should be carried out with the capture of mounting loops or with the use of special gripping devices provided for by the working documentation for these panels.
10.7 During storage, transportation and installation of panels, fire safety measures should be provided to exclude the possibility of ignition of the insulation.
UDC 691.328.1.022.4: 006.354 MKS 91.080.10
Key words: panel, three-layer reinforced concrete panel with effective insulation, classification. types, parameters, design load, brand, concrete, class, structure, reinforcement, embedded parts, technical requirements, strength, connecting ties, acceptance, control methods, transportation and storage
Editor T.T Martynoea Technical editor S.N. Prusakova Correktor R.A. Meitova Koylayuternaya typesetting by I.A. Naleikina
Donated to set 2S.03.20ie. Signed on print 0S.04.2016 Fornat 60 * 84/1 Ariel typeface.
Uel. print l. 3.26. Uch. * Ed. l. 2.75. Tira "35 eke. Per*. 053.
Published and printed at FGUP "STANDARTINFORM", $ 12399 Moscow. Pomegranate Lehr .. 4.
In the Russian Federation, SP 50.13330.2012 SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings is in force.
Modern three-layer wall panels with PIR insulation, produced under the KROHN brand, are also intended for the construction of walls at various facilities. Due to the presence of high-quality insulation inside the panel, this building material has excellent thermal insulation characteristics. But an equally important advantage is the ease of assembling an object from sandwich panels.
Three-layer wall panels with PIR insulation
The KRON Group of Companies sells PIR wall sandwich panels in Moscow. They can be of different thicknesses (from 30 to 220 mm), have a different type of profile (beading, stripes, micro-profiling, without ribbing) and any color according to the RAL scale.
In order to ensure ideal butt joints when installing three-layer wall panels with insulation, a reliable “tongue-and-groove” lock or a “double tongue-and-groove” labyrinth connection is used during the production process. Due to this, the stability of the structure is increased and the possibility of the formation of "cold bridges" is excluded.
Advantages of sandwich panel construction
Technical characteristics of KROHN PIR sandwich panels:
The elevator shaft is equipped with embedded elements for the subsequent assembly of the structure located along the entire height of the building. In some cases, mortgages are not included in the design, then the blocks are mounted on expansion dowels. The use of tubing makes it possible to use the in-line method of installing elevators in any typical construction.
Since the installation of elevator shaft blocks can be carried out in buildings in buildings with different ceiling heights, constructions of different standard sizes, as well as additional elements, are produced.
The task of concrete products is to ensure the safe comfortable movement of people inside the building, therefore, special attention is paid to the quality of materials, accuracy of compliance with design requirements and professional installation. In order for the elevator cars to move freely inside the shaft, the following parameters must be observed during the production of concrete products:
Exact geometry;
- absence of visible defects - cracks, shells;
- absence of reinforcement parts not covered with a concrete layer of the required thickness.
Features of elevator shafts
Products are designed taking into account the location of the lift counterweight - behind or to the side of the lift car. The main characteristics of reinforced concrete lift shafts are:
High strength characteristics;
- wear resistance and durability - the service life of the mine is several tens of years and is comparable to the service life of the main load-bearing structures of the building;
- fire resistance. Fire resistance limit - 1 hour or more;
- easy installation and high maintainability;
- resistance to moisture.
The installation of elevator shafts helps to strengthen the main structures of the building and increase its stability.
Elevator shaft marking
Like any reinforced concrete of mass demand, the product is subject to mandatory labeling. Alphanumeric designations are applied to the inner surface of the unit located behind the elevator car.
SHL designations are deciphered as elevator shafts. The next letter characterizes the type of lift. L - passenger elevator; Г - freight elevator.
The numbers after the letters indicate the dimensions of the unit. Also, the marking may indicate the presence of additional structural elements and embedded elements.
Delivery Elevator shafts
Delivery of Elevator shafts is carried out by our own transport to Moscow, Moscow, Oryol, Ryazan, Kaluga and other regions of Russia! Delivery calculation can be ordered in the Delivery section.
When delivering the elevator shafts, it is necessary to take precautions. According to GOST, it is allowed to transport heavy cargo only in a horizontal position in special vehicles. When loading / unloading, it is forbidden to move several pieces. Exception: rigging with special devices, where it is allowed to lift several products at the same time.
When storing on open ground, a spacer with a thickness of at least 10 cm is placed in the base of the stack; a drain for water is required.
Elevator shafts price in Moscow
Elevator shafts price per piece. The price depends on their size, thickness, presence / absence of strengthening additives, reinforcement. In order not to overpay for the goods, it is advisable to order elevator shafts directly from the manufacturer, the plant PSK "Perspektiva" LLC. So you will receive certified reinforced concrete products with a laboratory conclusion and at an optimal cost.
Our company can offer you the best balance between quality and cost.
Our price list can be requested to place an order in the section of the site you are interested in.
Check out the prices and make sure that cooperation with us will be beneficial for you.
Our plant PSK Perspektiva LLC has been operating since October 2003.
Buy Elevator shafts at the precast concrete plant
It is profitable to buy elevator shafts without intermediaries at the Perspektiva concrete goods plant. New elevator shafts are always available in our warehouses. Now we are increasing production capacity and looking for new reliable partners.
If you are serious about cooperation, please contact us by phone numbers indicated in the "Contacts" tab.
Panel construction can be called an old new trend in housing construction. In our country, it was with this technology that the mass construction of housing began in the 1950s. This was a big step forward in the socio-economic development of the country, since it made it possible to solve the housing problems of many people who lived in communal apartments and hostels. In addition, this technology was economically profitable for the state due to the following advantages:
- speed of construction due to continuous production of panels in the factory;
- cost-effectiveness and simplicity of execution due to the massive introduction of the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products;
- achievement of the specified quality of concrete and reinforced concrete products in the factory;
- flexibility: the ability to organize the production of panels of any configuration, limited only by the possibilities of their transportation and delivery to the construction site;
Moreover, panel construction has replaced brick construction due to such advantages of concrete as:
- relatively low cost;
- high strength characteristics;
- high indicators of resistance to climatic influences;
- confirmed fire safety;
- almost complete absence of dependence of installation on weather conditions;
- durability.
However, back in Soviet times, panel and block houses were valued less than brick ones due to the shortcomings of concrete:
- low noise insulation;
- weak heat-shielding properties;
- low biostability.
Already in the first years of the massive introduction of panel housing construction, the weaknesses of the technology itself became obvious:
- limited room layout options:
- low reliability of joints between reinforced concrete panels.
Nevertheless, nowadays, panel housing has become popular again, thanks to the development of design technologies, materials production and construction, which can successfully deal with the mentioned disadvantages.
Today, reinforced concrete products provide ample opportunities both in the field of design and in the construction of various buildings and structures. Single-layer panels have been replaced by modern ones of two or three layers. Such elements include a layer of effective thermal insulation - strong, biostable, resistant to moisture. Two- and three-layer monolithic panels can be used as load-bearing, self-supporting and suspended structures. They are our own application in the external and internal elements of the building, as well as in unloaded partitions.
The technology of manufacturing reinforced concrete panels has also stepped forward, which allows them to be molded in any way and to use various cladding options: plaster, finishing bricks, natural or artificial stone, facade tiles, etc. Painting, sandblasting the outer surface of the panel is possible. Anchors made of metal or reinforced concrete allow other materials and structures to be fixed to the surface of the slabs. Thus, today the surface of the facade of a panel house can have any texture, decor from protruding elements, etc. - the possibilities in this respect are not limited.
But the most important thing is that we are talking about the all-season “constructor with an effective layer of thermal insulation” technology that meets all current regulatory requirements, first of all, in terms of safety and energy efficiency. The high potential for the introduction of modern reinforced concrete panels with an integrated moisture-bio-resistant insulation is due to the high thermal engineering uniformity of the created building contour and a significant reduction in the weight of one slab. To achieve the required values of the thermal resistance of the structure for Moscow in reinforced concrete panels, it is necessary to use wadded insulation with a thickness of 150 mm and a density of at least 90 kg / m 3. This insulation can be easily replaced with PENOPLEX ® 120 mm thick and 25 kg / m 3 density. Now calculate how much lighter the design will become!
Since the time of the rapid development of classical panel housing construction (1960-70s), mathematical modeling and the possibility of its implementation using computer technologies have made an evolutionary leap in our country. Modern design programs allow you to design more diverse panels, suggesting many options for floor planning. New generation computer programs enable high-quality calculations of butt joints of building structures in panel houses. BIM-modeling provides great opportunities for high-quality design and construction of panel houses, which accompanies a house at all stages of its life cycle: from the development of an architectural concept to commissioning and subsequent operation.
Advanced technologies make it possible to successfully deal with the shortcomings of the concrete itself. The technology of insulating reinforced concrete panels, in other words, the creation of three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels, has become a qualitative leap in this regard. Since 2017, the modified international standard GOST 31310-2015 “Three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels with effective insulation. General technical conditions ". These building structures consist of an outer and an inner layer of reinforced concrete, between which there is a layer of effective thermal insulation. The general requirements for the heat-insulating layer are determined by clause 6.3 of this standard, technical requirements - by clause 7.7.
At present, many reinforced concrete factories have mastered the use of PENOPLEX ® high-performance thermal insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam in panel housing construction. The PENOPLEX SPb company is improving the technologies for using the material, develops technical solutions for the use of its products in three-layer insulated external wall panels.
According to some data, the share of panel housing construction in housing construction is up to 40%, and improving the heat-shielding properties of enclosing structures is a very urgent task.
Fully complying with the requirements of standards, technology and GOST for multi-storey buildings, we have added a number of improvements related to freer layouts, increased heat saving, appearance, quality of production and installation of panels, so that your home has the best characteristics of a modern private house.
EXTERNAL WALL PANELS
Reinforced concrete panels for building a house (External three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels) are made according to individual design drawings, in accordance with the requirements of the current GOST 31310-2015 "Three-layer reinforced concrete wall panels with effective insulation". High-rise multi-storey panel houses are built from the same panels.
A three-layer reinforced concrete panel consists of three layers:
Outer protective and decorative reinforced concrete layer 70 mm thick.
The middle layer of effective insulation with a thickness of 200-400 mm.
Internal bearing reinforced concrete layer 120 mm thick.
Internal and external reinforced concrete layers are made of heavy concrete of class B25 on granite crushed stone and steel reinforcement of class A500C. Depending on the design calculations, a double mesh is made of reinforcement in the inner layer and a single mesh in the outer one.
The outer and inner reinforced concrete layers are connected to each other using rigid diagonal ties made of stainless steel PD and PPA of the Finnish manufacturer Peikko Group.
The thickness of the middle layer of the insulation is determined by the heat engineering calculation and can be up to 400 mm. In the basic complete set of houses from the INPANS company, the insulation in the panels has a thickness of 200 mm. With a thickness of the EPSP insulation of 200 mm, the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer of the wall is 5.97 (m2.˚C) / W, which is 2 times higher than the Russian requirements for heat saving and meets the more stringent European standards.
As a heater, we use materials that have appropriate certificates confirming their safety and service life in three-layer reinforced concrete panels for at least 50 years:
Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS). This insulation has one of the lowest thermal conductivity values among other similar products. It is characterized by chemical resistance, high compressive strength, water and vapor resistance, as well as resistance to mold and mildew. Thus, extruded polystyrene foam not only provides thermal insulation, but also effectively prevents the effects of a number of other destructive and negative factors.
Stone wool. For three-layer reinforced concrete panels, we use a specially designed high-strength stone wool with vertical and horizontal grooves, which form a ventilation gap for ventilation of the insulation and drainage of the resulting condensate. Stone wool is a non-combustible material, and the thermal conductivity of stone wool is 20% lower than that of EPS.
* By agreement with the Customer, other types of insulation can be used.
In the construction of a three-layer reinforced concrete wall, any insulation is reliably protected by an outer reinforced concrete layer from possible negative effects on it from the environment (UV radiation, precipitation, and others), and the inner reinforced concrete layer does not allow the constituent substances of the insulation to penetrate into your home ... In addition, the inner reinforced concrete layer will protect the insulation from the consequences of a possible fire.
PRODUCTION OF WALL PANELS
For the production of wall reinforced concrete panels for the construction of a private house, as well as for multi-storey buildings, modern expensive equipment is required, which is available only to large precast factories. Since 2014, INPANS has been successfully cooperating with the SIB-Center reinforced concrete plant located near St. Petersburg, which is one of the most modernly equipped enterprises in its industry, producing over 250 types of precast concrete products and structures for industrial and civil construction ... Also, we have agreements on the production of wall panels with factories located in Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma, Novocheboksarsk.
Reinforced concrete plant "SiB-Center", in particular, has at its disposal six molding tables / pallets measuring 4.25x16.5m with vibration compaction systems and lifting at an angle of up to 80 degrees, equipped with magnetic side fittings, which are the basis for the production of three-layer and single-layer wall panels ...
Equipment for the production of wall panels allows the manufacture of wall panels with any individual characteristics (external dimensions, thickness, dimensions of window and door openings) up to 16 meters long and up to 4 meters high, however, it is usually very expensive to deliver such oversized cargo to the construction site. and often it is not possible at all. Therefore, in order to comply with the requirements for standard cargo transportation, we manufacture panels maximum height 3.32 m (floor height 3.1 m) and maximum length 7.8 m.
In most cases, such maximum dimensions are sufficient to implement any house project and minimize the number of interpanel seams, and make panel joints in alignment with load-bearing internal walls and / or partitions.
Window and door openings are laid on the basis of the project, their dimensions can be of almost any width and height, in addition, it is possible to make arched openings, round or of any other shape.
For the installation of windows and doors in window and door openings between reinforced concrete layers, a 50 mm thick wooden board is installed over the entire width of the insulation, with the help of fasteners the board is reliably monolithic.
Also, in the outer reinforced concrete layer in the window openings, so-called "quarters" are formed for better installation of windows.
FACADE SOLUTIONS
Considering all the results of the accumulated many years of experience in the design, construction and operation of large-panel multi-storey buildings, as well as the possibility of using modern materials and approaches to the manufacture of wall panels, INPANS has tested and is ready to offer you a number of reliable and inexpensive solutions for making the facade of your house expressive and personality:
Shaping the outer surface. Before pouring the concrete mixture, special matrix sheets are placed on the forming table, imitating various facade materials. After pouring and hardening of the concrete mixture, an imprint remains on the outer surface of the panel that exactly repeats not only the contour, but also the texture, for example, brick, stone, wooden bar. Matrix sheets can be made for almost any material. The concrete surface formed in this way will not wear off over time and will always remain unchanged.
To create this texture during the production process, a special composition is applied to the outer surface of the panel, which prevents the solidification of a small layer of concrete 3-5 mm deep. After the bulk of the concrete has solidified and the panel has been lifted to a vertical position, the uncured layer is washed off by the pressure of water and the granite crushed stone present in the concrete mixture appears on the surface. The facade is, as it were, sprinkled with small granite stones. This solution does not require staining.
Scratched concrete. This texture is created by holding only the set concrete on the surface with special hard brushes. The brushes leave groove marks on the concrete surface, creating the effect of “scratched concrete”. The grooves can be pulled both vertically and horizontally.
Finishing with facade materials. At your request, the outer surface can also be clad with any other facade materials (clinker brick, wooden plank, fiber cement siding, etc.).
Using these textures separately or by combining them, you can implement almost any design solution on the facade of your house.
Most of the facade solutions are implemented in the process of manufacturing wall panels; panels come to the site already with finished finishing.
INTERNAL CARRIER PANELS
Internal load-bearing reinforced concrete wall panels are manufactured using the same equipment as the three-layer external panels. They consist of a single layer of B25 class heavy concrete and steel reinforcement. The thickness of the internal load-bearing panels, depending on the design solutions, ranges from 120 to 180 mm.
Openings in internal load-bearing walls, as well as in external ones, can be made rectangular, arched or of any other shape.
The quality of the inner surface of the outer and inner panels is even and does not require leveling plaster, it is enough to apply a finishing putty, or, for example, in a bathroom, immediately glue the tiles. Tolerances for differences over the entire plane of the panel are no more than 3-5 mm.
In addition, unlike walls made of block materials such as bricks, gas silicate and other blocks, the inner surface of reinforced concrete panels has no technological seams and is homogeneous. Cracking is impossible on them, and the use of a reinforcing mesh is not required for wall decoration.
The joints of the panels inside the house (interpanel seams) are embedded in concrete during their installation. Corner interpanel seams are only 80-120 mm wide and are made in the plane of the walls. And we design and make interpanel seams of linear panels in alignment with load-bearing walls or partitions in order to hide them.
When manufacturing external and internal reinforced concrete panels, you can lay grooves for electrical wiring and other technological holes according to your project. This greatly simplifies and speeds up the process of laying engineering communications.
For the possibility of a variety of planning solutions, the designers of the INPANS company try to make the minimum number of internal load-bearing walls, and in some solutions it is possible to do without them altogether. The main task of the internal load-bearing walls is to support the floor slabs.
COVERING PLATES
We use proven and reliable hollow-core floor slabs of the PB and PK brands as interfloor floors. Thanks to modern equipment, PB slabs can be made of any length, while floor slabs with a thickness of 220 mm can cover a span of up to 7 meters, and slabs with a thickness of 265 mm can span a span of up to 10 meters. The standard slab width is 1.2 m.
In addition to the standard width, PB slabs can be cut lengthwise into additional slabs (dimensions 290, 470, 650, 830, 1010 mm). In addition, PB slabs can be cut diagonally without loss of bearing capacity.
If necessary, make a balcony slab, a slab with a cantilever support or with non-standard holes (for example, for large-diameter chimneys), such slabs are made completely monolithic, by analogy with the internal load-bearing walls, according to the corresponding drawings with the reinforcement necessary for each specific case.
For the construction of large openings in the ceiling of hollow core slabs (for example, for a staircase or installation of ventilation shafts), we use standard PETRA® steel brackets from the Finnish manufacturer Peikko Group, which allow you to open an opening up to 2.4 meters wide (width of 2 standard floor slabs) ...
The versatility of modern floor slabs allows you to make any space-planning solution for the structure of your house, and their installation takes only a few hours.
DELIVERY AND INSTALLATION OF WALL PANELS
Wall panels are delivered from the factory by panel trucks, a standard panel truck can bring panels with a total length of 2X7.8 meters and a total weight of no more than 20 tons. As a rule, wall panels for a two-storey house 10x10 meters are delivered on 10 flights of standard panel carriers. As a rule, delivery and installation of wall panels is done in one day.
Important! It is necessary to have an access road for panel transporters and a platform for a truck crane to the construction site.
Installation of wall panels on the foundation is carried out by a truck crane, which is located between the foundation and panel transporters. The truck crane removes the wall panels from the panel truck and immediately installs them in the design position on the foundation. The process of installing one panel on average takes 15-20 minutes. And all wall panels on one floor are mounted within one or two days, depending on their number.
Important! The choice of a truck crane is based on the weight of the wall panels and the distance to move the panel. In our practice, we used cranes with a lifting capacity of 25 to 120 tons.
Wall panels are mounted in the design position, previously marked on the foundation, on the underlying layer of the mortar and fixed on temporary supports (struts):
Immediately after the installation of the wall panels, floor slabs are laid on them, the gaps between the floor slabs are reinforced:
The connection of the wall panels to each other is carried out by embedding the joints of the inner bearing layer with heavy concrete. To connect the wall panels to each other, steel cable loops of the Finnish manufacturer Peikko Group are laid at the horizontal ends of the bearing layer with a pitch of 400-500 mm. When wall panels are installed side by side, the cable loops of adjacent panels intersect, forming a node into which the reinforcement is inserted.
With this technology of joining the inner reinforced concrete layer of wall panels, the interpanel seam becomes airtight, it does not allow wind or moisture from the street to pass through.
After the concrete has set in monolithic areas, the temporary supports (struts) are removed and the next floor panels can be installed.
This technology for installing wall panels is also used in the construction of modern multi-storey panel houses, and is rightfully considered the most advanced in the industry.
Wall panels practically do not shrink, and you can start interior decoration immediately after completion of construction and installation work.
CUTTING OF INTERPANEL JOINTS
After monolithing, the inner bearing reinforced concrete layer completely excludes the penetration of moisture and wind from the street into the house, in the gap between the insulation, a strip of mineral wool is installed or this place is filled with polyurethane foam. Then, in the alignment of the outer reinforced concrete layer, a bundle of foamed polyethylene is inserted and a sealant for interpanel seams is applied on top, which can be painted in the color of the facade. Unlike multi-storey buildings, for our houses we make seams only 20-25 mm wide.
To hide the interpanel seams outside the house, you can simply paint them in the same color with the facade, or close them, for example, with corner clinker or fiber cement tiles, as well as use other materials.
INTERIOR PARTITIONS
Non-load-bearing internal walls (partitions) can be made of any materials you wish. The INPANS company proposes to manufacture partitions from moisture-resistant full-bodied tongue-and-groove plates (PGP). The partitions can be made of single-layer GWP with a thickness of 80 or 100 mm, as well as multilayer with the inclusion of a layer of mineral wool between the two partitions to increase sound insulation between rooms.
The term for the installation of internal partitions is 1-2 weeks, and is carried out simultaneously with the installation of the attic floor and the roof.
ATTIC OVERLAP
If there is a cold attic in your house, the attic floor is made along wooden beams with a step of 600 mm, between which a layer of insulation (mineral wool) with a thickness of 200 mm is laid, then another layer of mineral wool with a thickness of 100 mm is laid on top of the ceiling.
Thus, the total thickness of the insulation is 300 mm, such insulation is included in the basic equipment of our houses.
From below, the overlap is hemmed with a vapor barrier film to prevent moisture from entering the insulation from inside the room.
SLIDING ROOF
The pitched roof is made along wooden rafters, then a wind-moisture protection membrane, lathing and counter-lathing are attached. Depending on your wishes and architectural solutions, a finishing coating is arranged. The most common are metal or soft bituminous shingles.
When choosing materials for the roof finish, we recommend using only high-quality materials with a confirmed manufacturer's warranty.
FLAT ROOF
The device of a flat roof is made on reinforced concrete floor slabs, with the installation of reinforced concrete parapets around the entire perimeter of the house. The overlap is insulated with extruded polystyrene foam, a slope is made, the lower layer of waterproofing and a double layer of the upper waterproofing. Also, drain funnels, ventilation and chimney channels are arranged.
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