If you are planning to build your own home, first develop the right strategy of action and investment. Believe me, this will yield results - you will build faster and at lower costs.

Today nothing is impossible. Modern house-building technologies make it possible to build all year round. But the timing of the construction of the walls and roof, and your housewarming, depend on when the start is made - the foundation is laid.

Of course, the most optimal time for construction is the warm season. Construction can be carried out in winter, but since we are talking about initial work: digging a pit, laying and erecting a foundation, it is highly not recommended to carry them out in cold weather, as this is fraught with uneven concreting, the appearance of cracks, shrinkage and other unpleasant consequences, which in will ultimately reduce the durability of the building.

In this article we will look at how the construction of the most popular in Russia, a country wooden house with a strip foundation, begins. Let's look at two main time strategies, their advantages and risks.

Strategy one

Foundation work is carried out in early spring - as soon as the ground thaws, the construction of the log house takes place in the summer, and finishing - in the fall.

Advantages

• Construction is being carried out in good weather conditions. Foundation work will be carried out correctly, in heated ground, and the concrete will harden under optimal conditions. And this is a guarantee of the reliability and durability of the entire structure of the house;
• Given ideal weather and proper organization (this means the readiness of all building materials, the availability of the necessary equipment and labor), you can get your home by autumn.

Flaws

• If the project involves the construction of a house with a ground floor or basement, it is dangerous to carry out foundation work during spring floods and rising groundwater. There is no need to risk the integrity and tightness of the foundation;
• Unfavorable weather can change this wonderful plan. The quality of the foundation is affected by hot weather and rain. Rapid hardening reduces its strength, and precipitation can erode the surface that has not yet hardened, deforming it;
• If the summer is damp (with a lot of rain), then mold and mildew can grow on the wood, especially on rounded logs. To build a frame house, you also need dry weather, even if the timber is treated with an antiseptic. Therefore, with this strategy, it is better to let the log house stand, the wood to dry and postpone finishing the house - external and internal - until next spring;
• Summer construction is characterized by a traditional rush: it is difficult to find good developers, and prices are high in building materials stores.

Reservation: Further construction work can be continued in about a month, until the foundation is stable, as experts say. And these are precious fine days... That's why this strategy doesn't suit everyone.

Strategy two

The foundation is poured in the fall. Then in winter a frame is placed on it. Finishing is carried out in spring and summer.

Reservation: Unfortunately, you can’t paint walls with varnish or paint in winter, because paint manufacturers recommend working at above-zero temperatures. But, when ordering from a supplier, you can ask in advance to antisepticize the timber. This is enough to keep the house going until the summer.

Flaws

• A noticeable increase in work time and a high probability of unexpected expenses;
• The minimum temperature for pouring the solution is considered to be no lower than minus 5 degrees. If the soil is frozen and the foundation is poured into this soil, then in the spring it may begin to freeze and cracks will appear on the foundation. Or it will become brittle and crumble;
• The necessary frost-resistant additives in concrete increase the cost of construction by 1.5 times. In addition, it is still necessary to take into account higher electricity costs, so in addition to heating the premises for workers, it is also necessary to heat bitumen and concrete;
• Even if the equipment is able to develop the soil, when it thaws, such a foundation will give a more serious settlement after loading its walls than if the house began to be built in the warm season.

If the house is made of a different material

Let's talk about options if you are not building a wooden house.

One of the most convenient solutions in terms of timing are houses and cottages built on a pile-screw foundation; they can be built in any season of the year.

Walls made of aerated concrete, ceramic block and foam blocks are the most rapidly erected. The construction of monolithic walls takes more time. But here you need to work with solutions, and they require positive temperatures.

It is possible to build houses from brick, stone, cellular concrete and other similar materials only after the frost has stopped. Low temperatures can destroy the masonry mortar, which means reducing the strength of the walls.

One of the rare construction methods worth mentioning is frame buildings, walls that are stuffed with straw, clay, and sawdust. Due to the fact that such houses are built practically from waste material - waste from woodworking and agricultural production, they are very economical and quickly erected. They can be built at any time of the year, with virtually no involvement of qualified specialists.

The category of exclusive, but increasingly popular types of ecological, resource-saving houses includes buildings made of adobe - light, medium and heavy, which can only be made in the hot summer season. These houses dictate to the builders the shape of the roof with long canopies, which should cover the walls from slanting rain, because this building material is very sensitive to constant exposure to moisture. Of course, such buildings are not yet so popular in Russia.

Roof installation

Finally, months have passed, all stages have been completed, the foundation and walls have been built and we have reached the stage of erecting the roof.

Installation of the rafter system, construction of the roof and closing of the external contour - all this work is not seasonal. Of course, certain types of materials can dictate their own temperature “conditions”. Thus, laying bitumen shingles is possible only at positive temperatures. But you can work with most classic roof materials - slate, isover, galvanized sheet and others - even in cold weather.

No matter how modern construction technologies help to overcome the weather, you need to take into account the sequence of stages of building a house, which cannot be avoided in any hurry. So, when installing the roof, take into account the exit of the chimney to the roof. But the oven is not ready yet? By the way, the stove can only be installed in the warm season.

Then the roofing work is carried out in two stages: first, the lower roof is arranged (using roofing material or hydroglass insulation), and then the upper roof is arranged (metal, tiles, polymer materials). If the lower roof is done immediately, then the upper roof is done after laying the stove and settling the walls of the house, and this is at least a year.

Conclusion

In this article, we tried to consider in detail the features of the construction of private houses and summer cottages in different seasons (periods) of the year. In order to finally decide which strategy is best to choose, it is recommended to be guided not only by deadlines and budget, but also to consult with specialists.

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2 DETERMINING THE DURATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION SEASON

Due to the variability of natural conditions, the duration of the construction season varies significantly from year to year, therefore, use the average values ​​of the duration of the construction season recommended in [#M12293 0 855000792 24882 4032942006 1119032955 310777731 4294967262 78 14 429289992030#S ], can only be purely indicative.

The first step in determining the length of the construction season is to study the climatic factors for the construction area. From SNiP 2.01.01-82* an extract is made of the necessary climatic characteristics of the road construction area: outside air temperature, soil freezing depth, dates of formation and destruction, snow depth. Based on the data obtained, a road-climate graph is constructed (Fig. 3).

Fig.3. Road climate chart

The duration of the construction season, depending on the group of works, is determined by the permissible air temperature (Table 3).

Table 3

Classification of road works

With the help of a road-climate schedule, the timing of work is established according to meteorological conditions and they are clarified according to technological and regulatory requirements. Construction duration standards are contained in #M12291 1200000622SNiP 1.04.03-85#S, RSN 63-87 (Table 4).

Table 4

Standards for the duration of construction of local roads (RSN 63-87), months.

Note. The duration of the preparatory period is indicated in brackets.

The number of calendar days for the construction period is determined as follows. From the total duration of the construction season, it is necessary to subtract the duration of the autumn and spring thaw, since work during this period is difficult.

Autumn thaw begins during the period of heavy rains at air temperatures below 3°C, and stops with the establishment of negative air temperatures when the top layer of soil freezes to a depth of 20 cm.

In the spring, thaw occurs after the melting of the snow cover when the temperature passes 0°C, when the top 5 cm layer of soil thaws. The end of thaw coincides with the moment the soil dries out by 20 cm and thaws by 50 cm. The beginning and end of spring thaw can be determined by the formulas :

where , - the beginning and end of the spring thaw; - date of transition of air temperature through 0°C, 1.04 (see #M12293 0 855000792 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185729802fig.3#S); - soil thawing rate, 1.2-5 cm/day (higher values ​​for southern regions and clayey soils).

The dates for carrying out work based on meteorological conditions are set for winter concentrated excavation work (group 0) from November 20 to April 23, for summer linear excavation work (group 1) - from April 23 to October 20. Construction of the underlying layer of sand and gravel mixture (1st group) - from April 23 to October 20; cement-soil foundation (3rd group) - from May 10 to September 15; asphalt concrete pavement (2nd group) - from April 23 to September 15.

The beginning and end of work according to meteorological conditions obtained in this way are adjusted taking into account the technological and policy requirements of all specialized flows.

Technological requirements: the roadbed should be erected ahead of the road construction work by 25-50%; between specialized road pavement teams, organizational (2-3 days) or technological (7 days) breaks and time to deploy the flow (2-3 days) should be provided. A technological break is necessary after laying layers of materials treated with inorganic binders.

Then we determine the number of work shifts in each specialized flow. From the number of calendar days we subtract weekends and holidays, downtime due to climatic conditions due to snowstorms and downpours, time for repairing road vehicles:

Data on weekends is written out from the calendar for the year of construction. In the winter, one Saturday per month must be working, and in the summer season, usually all Saturdays are working. Values ​​and are determined by the formulas:

where is the number of rainy days depending on the road-climatic zone (RCZ), % (Table 5); - number of days of repair of road vehicles (Table 6).

Table 5

Downtime due to climatic conditions

Table 6

Downtime for road vehicle repairs

The number of shifts is assumed to be 1 during the period when the air temperature is below +5°C and 2 when the temperature is higher. The calculation of the duration of specialized flows is summarized in Table 7.

Table 7

Determining the duration of work of specialized threads

Object, preparation of the construction organization and preparation for construction and installation work. Preparation for the construction of a facility involves the development of a work plan for off-site and on-site preparatory work, the construction of buildings, structures and their parts, as well as the implementation of the preparatory period work itself, taking into account environmental requirements and...

Object, preparation of the construction organization and preparation for construction and installation work. Preparation for the construction of a facility involves the development of a project for the execution of off-site and on-site preparatory work, the construction of buildings, structures and their parts, as well as the implementation of the preparatory period work itself, taking into account the volume of preparatory...

Legal norms. 1.4 Problems solved in the project 1. Placement of a land plot provided for the construction of a highway on the lands of the Starokulatkinsky district of the Ulyanovsk region, with a length of 2685 m; 2. Determination of the area, composition and value of seized lands and zones of negative influence; 3. Determination of the amount of losses of owners, land users and landowners; 4. ...

The main method of organizing work on the construction of a highway is in-line, the basis of which is a complex flow, where the implementation of linear and concentrated work along the highway must be coordinated in time and space in such a way that linear work is carried out without interruptions, i.e. the execution of concentrated work must precede the execution of linear work.

With this method, all types of work are performed by specialized mechanized units moving along the route in a strict technological sequence, usually at the same speed. At equal intervals (shift, day), the construction of equal length sections of the road is completed.

Specialized flows include several private flows, for example, when constructing road pavement, private flows will be intended for constructing structural layers of road pavement.

Each private flow consists of separate sections in which specialized units perform certain work operations. Such areas are called captures. The length of the gripper, as a rule, is taken equal to the replacement flow capacity; sometimes the grips are two-, three- or four-shift.

Between private and specialized flows, and sometimes between individual occupations, gaps are created (technological, organizational), measured by the number of shifts.

Depending on the nature and volume of construction work, it is recommended that road construction work be assigned in the following sequence: in winter, clearing is carried out by a specialized integrated team, the main work is carried out by an integrated flow, in which its individual units perform linear and concentrated work:

Linear work on preparing the road strip (restoring the route, clearing the route of stones and bushes, cutting down and uprooting stumps, removing the vegetation layer);

Concentrated work on the construction of artificial structures;

Concentrated excavation work in places where artificial structures are installed, high embankments and deep excavations;

Linear arrangement of artificial structures;

Linear excavation work for the construction of a subgrade from imported soil, reclamation of disturbed lands;

Linear arrangement of road pavement in separate units for laying structural layers;

Construction of a road as part of a complex flow.

In order to maximize the use of daylight hours, it is advisable to take the following shift of work: cutting clearings and installing artificial structures - in 1 shift, other work - in 2 shifts.

The calendar dates for the duration of the construction season are established on the basis of average long-term data from SNiP 1.04.03-85 (Appendix 1). It is worth noting one pattern associated with the beginning of the construction season. Regardless of the type of work, the start date of the season in one particular area is the same, which is explained by the passability factor of wheeled vehicles and the lack of soil adhesion to the working parts of road-building machines. The end dates of the construction season for certain types of road construction work are different due to the unequal technological properties of the road construction materials used.

Using climatic characteristics data and reference literature data, a list of the duration of the construction season is compiled for various works planned during the construction of the highway, Table. 4.

The timing of the work is assigned based on the constructed road-climatic schedule and Appendix 9.

Table 4. List of construction season duration

A specialized thread (squad) can consist of three or more private threads. For example, from a private flow for the correction of the subgrade and the construction of an additional sand layer of the base, a private flow for the construction of a crushed stone base reinforced with cement and a private flow for the construction of an asphalt concrete pavement.

The duration of each private flow in shifts T R.SM. can be determined by the formula

T R.CM = (A - T OUT - T CL - T REM) * K CM, (5)

where A is the number of calendar days in the construction season to complete the work of this group; T OUT – number of weekends and holidays for period A; T KL – number of non-working days (downtime) due to climatic conditions (rains, etc.); T REM – downtime for technical reasons (repair, maintenance of machines, organizational and technological reasons) days, for Siberia Ttech = 13 days; K SM – shift coefficient corresponding to the average number of work shifts per day. The number of shifts is assumed to be 1 during the period when the air temperature is below +5°C and 2 when the temperature is higher.

Data on weekends is written out from the calendar for the year of construction. In the winter, one Saturday per month must be working, and in the summer season, usually all Saturdays are working.

The number of non-working days (downtime) due to climatic conditions (rains, etc.) TCL is determined by the formula:

(A - T OUT) * P

where is the number of rainy days depending on the road-climatic zone (RCZ), % (Table 5);

The durability and reliability of a country house depends on a number of interrelated factors. One of these factors is the right time for carrying out certain work - laying the foundation, erecting walls and roofs, finishing the facade or interior.

What season is the most favorable for starting construction? When is it not necessary to build a house and why? What construction schedule can be considered optimal?

The answers to these questions determine not only the final quality of construction, but also the amount of financial costs that it may require.

We purchase materials - when?

“Prepare a sleigh in summer and a cart in winter” - this folk wisdom perfectly reflects the principle that should be used when purchasing building and finishing materials for your future home. As you know, the peak of construction traditionally occurs in the spring and summer. It causes a seasonal increase in prices for building materials, which reach their maximum by summer.

Therefore, it is not worth purchasing bricks, roofing tiles or parquet boards, as well as other materials for building and finishing a house in the summer or spring. You will waste significant financial resources just due to seasonal markups. It is better to devote this activity to the end of autumn or winter, when prices for building materials are minimal, and sellers offer very serious discounts on almost all products.

Laying the foundation

The first and very important stage in the construction of any country house. The strength of the structure, its operational durability and the level of comfort throughout the house depend on how professionally the foundation work is carried out.

Specialists of the TopDom company, who have more than a dozen country cottages built from scratch, advise:

• If the house design includes a ground floor or basement, then you should not start foundation work during the spring flood and rising groundwater. Otherwise, in the future, very serious problems may arise with the foundation of the house, its integrity and tightness;
• It is not advisable to fill the foundation in particularly hot weather or during the rainy season. Hardening too quickly can adversely affect the strength characteristics of the foundation, and precipitation can erode the unhardened surface, thereby disrupting its shape;
• finally, when pouring the foundation in late autumn, the first frosts can cause cracking of the structure and, as a result, its rapid destruction.

Thus, the most favorable periods for carrying out foundation work can be considered the end of spring, cool summer months and early autumn. At this time, the foundation will harden under optimal temperature conditions, which will ensure the reliability and durability of the structure.

We build walls

There is no clear answer to the question about the most favorable period for this type of work. It all depends on what kind of material you want to use to build your country house. The properties and characteristics of the selected material will play a major role in determining the success/failure periods for this stage of construction.

If you are planning to use stone, cellular concrete and other similar materials, then work on the construction of walls can begin only after the frost has completely stopped. Low temperatures can destroy the masonry mortar, thereby significantly reducing the strength of the walls of the building. It is best to start laying a brick, stone or concrete house in the spring, completing this stage before the onset of the first frost.

The construction of wooden log houses has its own specifics, which are determined by the seasonal characteristics of the material itself. According to experienced builders, the ideal period for erecting log walls is winter. This is due to the properties that wood acquires during the cold season:

• low humidity;
• high resistance to warping, cracking and various types of deformation;
• absence of fungus, insect pests and, as a result, immunity to biological damage.

Construction in winter provides a number of important advantages and allows you to combine drying of logs and shrinkage of the log house. As a result of this combination, the quality of the log is higher, its shrinkage occurs evenly, and the risk of cracks and crevices is minimized.

We install the roof, lay communications

Installation of the rafter system, construction of the roof and closing of the external contour are all-season work. They can be produced at almost any time of the year. Of course, certain types of materials can dictate their own temperature “conditions,” shifting the construction work schedule in one direction or another.

For example, laying bitumen shingles requires exclusively positive temperatures; this type of work cannot be carried out in winter. If its installation occurs during the cold season, the roof can be temporarily covered with inexpensive material. And with the arrival of the warm season, complete the installation of the main roof by laying soft tiles.

Communications

A conversation about when it is not necessary to build a house would be incomplete if we did not mention the installation of utility networks and communications. Earthen and concrete work on laying sewerage should not be carried out in winter - installation of the system at low temperatures may subsequently adversely affect its tightness.

Gas communications cannot be installed until the house is completely settled, because violation of this rule can lead to damage to the gas pipeline and a serious accident.

As for interior finishing work, it can be carried out at any time of the year, provided that positive temperatures are established inside the building.

An example of a project from the architectural bureau TopDom

We know when and how to build houses!

There is an opinion that the autumn-winter period is not a suitable season for building a private house or cottage. It is better not to continue construction in winter, much less not to start. And, indeed, in most cases, life outside the city comes to a standstill during the cold months of the year, both in already inhabited private houses and on construction sites; the construction season ends. Why? In the first situation, everything is clear: the gardening season is ending, and many private owners are leaving for the city, warmed by the thought of the upcoming summer and weekend trips to a home dear to their hearts. But in the second situation, not everything is clear... It would be more accurate to say that not everyone and does not always have the necessary information on how to correctly plan the construction of their home, taking into account the onset of an unfavorable season for construction, so as to reduce the time required to build their own country house.

Construction in one season: how to reduce construction time?

And we will begin, it would seem, with basic information - about the construction time frame, taking into account the unfavorable “cold” construction season. As a conditional object, we will choose the construction of a 2-story private house with an area of ​​100 sq.m.

From a technology point of view, provided there is uninterrupted funding, it will take four to six months to build a house box with these parameters. This also includes two months for interior finishing and engineering support. In other words, in approximately six months, the construction of a small country house can be considered 90 percent complete. We reserve 10 percent for exclusive interior finishing details. This will be solid, warm housing with all the necessary life-sustaining communications.

However, in a good half of the cases (more precisely, in 60 out of a hundred) it happens differently. Construction time is being delayed for a variety of reasons: a lack of workers, financial instability, untimely delivery of building materials, artificial extension of construction (sometimes for several years) “at their own request” by private developers, since many prefer not to invest all the funds at once. This category of people sincerely believes that a house needs to be built according to a scheme devised by “someone”: first pour the foundation, next year build a box, another year do the roofing, and so on... But such an opinion can greatly affect a significant increase in previously planned financial resources.

How much does a house cost in installments?

Let's just say that if you decide to build a house in stages, then you immediately need to take into account the following unpleasant moment - the rapid rise in prices for materials and services of construction and contracting organizations. As sad as it is to realize, prices rise every year not by 5 or even 10 percent, but by three orders of magnitude higher. And at what point this will happen, no one can determine. So, it is not recommended to draw up an estimate for the next stage in advance, because the planned funds may simply not be enough, and construction will ultimately be postponed indefinitely.

Ideally, to begin the zero cycle of work (if we take central Russia), it is best to choose the time in May. In this case, the chance to celebrate a housewarming party at the end of the year is very high. If the foundation is poured in September, then, in principle, by the new year it will be possible to put a roof on the house, install windows and close the thermal circuit, however, you will feel this warmth “in the belly” of the still unfinished house.

In order for a private developer to have a complete understanding of how to properly plan the construction of his own home, he must first of all get a complete understanding of the time that will be needed for each stage of construction, as well as the main work that needs to be performed at these stages.

Stages of construction of a country house with an area of ​​100 square meters. m, 2 floors:

1. Preparation for pouring the foundation (we take the most common option - a lightweight foundation) - two weeks
2. Pouring the foundation - two weeks
3. Laying walls - from two weeks to a month (walls are erected within a week after the completion of pouring).

A slight digression is necessary here. If aerated concrete (or brick) is chosen as the material, then the walls are laid in the shortest possible time. A log house, already assembled at a construction site, is installed even faster.

When erecting walls in a stone house with monolithic floors, another one or two weeks should be added to the already indicated maximum period. On the other hand, if the floor slabs are delivered ready-made, then they are laid within a day!

4. The rafter system is installed - a month.
5. The roof is covered with a roof - two weeks (if the roof is of a simple configuration and the material is metal tile, then all roofing work, without exception, can be completed in a maximum of three weeks).
6. Windows and doors are installed - two to three days.

The last stage is interior finishing. Once it is completed (the timing depends on the complexity of the project), you can proceed to the installation of heating and electrical equipment.

Is it possible to lay walls and pour concrete in winter conditions?

Construction in winter is possible if frost-resistant additives are added to concrete and mortars. But there is one caveat - in this case, building a house, financially, will become more expensive. Thus, at the zero cycle in winter conditions, the estimated cost of building a country house, compared to seasonal construction, will increase by one and a half times. If hired labor is involved in construction, living expenses for workers will increase accordingly. If you decide to do it yourself, you need to take into account the additional costs of the necessary heating of bitumen and concrete.

In principle, in winter, you can perform any type of work, but you need to take into account a number of important features:

1. Brick walls must be covered entirely with film.
2. A log house is installed only in dry, frosty winters.

If you install a log house during the period of rains and thaws, then you need to be prepared for the fact that mold and fungi will settle in it, and the log house itself will acquire an unpresentable gray color. This is especially true for rounded logs.

3. It is not advisable to assemble a frame house in winter. Although, there are not many restrictions in this case. The wooden frame elements are initially reliably protected from external weather influences, as they are treated with an antiseptic in the factory. On the other hand, despite the fact that frame houses are built quickly, favorable weather may not be possible.
4. It is not recommended to work at temperatures below 5°C. Manufacturers of some building materials warn about this. So, if metal tiles can be installed on self-tapping screws all year round, then bitumen tiles in winter require special treatment - during installation, bitumen tiles need to be heated with a hairdryer. And heated tiles quickly cool down in cold weather and become covered with cracks.

And one last thing. If you feel that you have miscalculated your strength and cannot finance construction that has already begun in winter conditions, it is better to mothball the unfinished house before the construction season begins (as you remember, it begins in May). Until then, take measures to protect the unfinished building from precipitation. For example, cover it with roofing felt. An unprotected unfinished house may end up completely rotten. This is especially true for structures made of aerated concrete.