May 9 Victory Day unknown facts. Little-known facts about the Great Patriotic War (1 photo)

How interesting and accessible to tell children about the Victory Day holiday?

We will help you with this. We will tell the story of the Victory Day holiday in an accessible way, we will bring to your attention poems dedicated to Victory Day.
Victory Day
9th May

VICTORY LIGHT DAY

Sasha took out his toy gun and asked Alyonka: "Is I a good military man?" Alyonka smiled and asked: "Will you go to the Victory Day parade in this form?" Sasha shrugged his shoulders, and then replied: "No, I will go to the parade with flowers - I will give them to real warriors!" Grandfather heard these words and stroked Sasha's head: "Well done, granddaughter!" And then he sat down next to me and began to talk about the war and victory.

On May 9 we celebrate Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War. Grandfathers and great-grandfathers, grandmothers and great-grandmothers put on orders, go to a meeting with their veteran friends. Together they remember what the war years were like.

World War II began in 1939. It covered more than 60 countries of the world! She came to our country on the terrible morning of June 22, 1941. It was Sunday, people were resting, planning their day off. Suddenly the news struck like a thunder: “The war has begun! Fascist Germany, without declaring war, launched an offensive ... ”All adult men put on military uniforms and went to the front. Those who remained joined the partisans to fight the enemy in the rear.

During the long war years, people could not live in peace. Every day brought loss, real grief. More than 60 million people have not returned home. Half of those killed are residents of the former Soviet Union. Almost every family has lost a grandfather, father, brother or sister ...

The Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and other peoples of the USSR paid a dear price for their participation in this terrible war. The war did not spare either the elderly or the children.

The attackers mocked the inhabitants of the captured cities and villages. Our warriors fought bravely against the invaders. They could not forgive the burnt houses, destroyed monuments of national culture. And it hurt them even more for their dead relatives and friends. The soldiers were not afraid of hunger or cold. Perhaps they were scared too. But the dream of victory, a peaceful life constantly supported them.

It was 1945. The Great Patriotic War against the fascist invaders was approaching a victorious end. Our fighters fought as best they could. In the spring, our army approached the capital of Nazi Germany - the city of Berlin.

The battle for Berlin lasted until May 2. Particularly desperate was the storming of the Reichstag, where the leaders of Germany had gathered. On May 8, 1945, representatives of the German High Command signed an end to the war. The enemy surrendered. May 9 became Victory Day, a great holiday for all mankind.

Now, on this day, festive fireworks are sure to bloom with millions of flowers. They congratulate the veterans, sing songs for them, recite poetry. Flowers are being brought to the monuments to the victims. We always remember that peace on earth is the most important value.

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Leisure - "Victory Day" Memorial evening for children of the preparatory group

The leisure script is composed like a memorial evening. The main task is the moral and patriotic education of the younger generation. Children need to know the history of their people. Let's remember all by name, ...

8 May 2015, 13:01

Victory Day has not been celebrated in the Soviet Union for 17 years. Since 1948, for a long time, this "most important" holiday was actually not celebrated today and was a working day (instead of a day off, January 1 was made, which has not been a day off since 1930). It was first widely celebrated in the USSR only after almost two decades - in the jubilee year 1965. At the same time, Victory Day again became non-working. Some historians associate the cancellation of the holiday with the fact that the Soviet government was pretty much afraid of independent and active veterans. Officially, it was ordered: to forget about the war, to throw all the forces on the restoration of the war-ravaged national economy.

80 thousand Soviet officers were women during the Great Patriotic War.

In general, from 600 thousand to 1 million representatives of the fairer sex fought at the front in different periods with weapons in their hands. For the first time in world history, female military formations appeared in the Armed Forces of the USSR. In particular, 3 air regiments were formed from female volunteers: the 46th Guards Night Bomber (the Germans called the warriors from this unit "night witches"), the 125th Guards Bomber, and the 586th Air Defense Fighter Regiment. A separate female volunteer rifle brigade and a separate female reserve rifle regiment were also created. Women snipers were trained by the Central Women's Sniper School. In addition, a separate female company of sailors was created. It is worth noting that the weaker sex fought quite successfully. Thus, 87 women received the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" during the Great Patriotic War. History has not yet known such a massive participation of women in the armed struggle for the Motherland, which was shown by Soviet women during the Great Patriotic War. Having achieved enrollment in the ranks of the soldiers of the Paint Army, women and girls mastered almost all military specialties and, together with their husbands, fathers and brothers, carried out military service in all branches of the Soviet Armed Forces.

Hitler viewed his attack on the USSR as a "Crusade" to be waged by terrorist methods. Already on May 13, 1941, he released the servicemen from any responsibility for their actions in the implementation of the Barbarossa plan: may be considered misconduct or war crimes ... ".

During the Second World War, over 60,000 dogs served on various fronts. Four-legged saboteurs derailed dozens of enemy trains. More than 300 enemy armored vehicles were destroyed by tank destroyer dogs. Signal dogs delivered about 200 thousand combat reports. The four-legged assistants took out from the battlefield about 700 thousand seriously wounded Red Army soldiers and commanders on medical teams. With the help of sapper dogs, 303 cities and towns (including Kiev, Kharkov, Lvov, Odessa) were cleared of mines, an area of 15,153 square kilometers was surveyed. At the same time, over four million units of enemy mines and land mines were found and neutralized.

During the first 30 days of the war, the Moscow Kremlin "disappeared" from the face of Moscow. Probably the fascist aces were a lot surprised that their cards lie, and they could not find the Kremlin, flying over Moscow. The thing is that according to the plan of camouflage, the stars on the towers and the crosses on the cathedrals were covered, and the domes of the cathedrals were painted black. Three-dimensional models of residential buildings were built along the entire perimeter of the Kremlin wall, the battlements were not visible behind them. Part of the Red and Manezhnaya Squares and the Aleksandrovsky Garden were filled with plywood house decorations. The mausoleum became three-story, and a sandy road was poured from the Borovitsky Gate to the Spassky Gate, representing a highway. If earlier the light yellow facades of the Kremlin buildings were distinguished by their brightness, now they have become “like everyone else” - dirty gray, the roofs also had to change their color from green to Moscow red-brown. The palace ensemble has never looked so democratic.

During the Great Patriotic War, the body of V.I. Lenin was evacuated to Tyumen.

According to the description of the feat of the Red Army soldier Dmitry Ovcharenko from the decree awarding him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, on July 13, 1941, he delivered ammunition to his company and was surrounded by a detachment of enemy soldiers and officers of 50 people. Despite the fact that his rifle was taken from him, Ovcharenko was not taken aback and, snatching an ax from the cart, chopped off the head of the officer who was interrogating him. He then threw three grenades at the German soldiers, killing 21 people. The rest fled in panic, except for one more officer, whom the Red Army man caught up with and also chopped off his head.

Hitler considered his main enemy in the USSR not Stalin, but the announcer Yuri Levitan. For his head, he announced a reward of 250 thousand marks. The Soviet authorities carefully guarded Levitan, and disinformation about his appearance was launched through the press.

At the beginning of World War II, the USSR experienced a great shortage of tanks, in connection with which it was decided to convert conventional tractors into tanks in case of emergency. So, during the defense of Odessa from the Romanian units besieging the city, 20 such "tanks", sheathed with armor sheets, were thrown into battle. The main stake was made on the psychological effect: the attack was carried out at night with the headlights and sirens on, and the Romanians fled. For such cases, as well as for the fact that dummies of heavy weapons were often installed on these machines, the soldiers nicknamed them NI-1, which stands for "Fright".

Stalin's son Yakov Dzhugashvili was captured during the war. The Germans offered Stalin to exchange Yakov for the captured Russian Field Marshal Paulus. Stalin said that a soldier was not exchanged for a field marshal, and he refused such an exchange.
Jacob was shot shortly before the arrival of the Russians. After the war, his family was exiled as the family of a prisoner of war. When Stalin was informed about this exile, he said that tens of thousands of families of prisoners of war were being expelled and that he could not make any exception for the family of his own son - there is a law.

5 million 270 thousand soldiers of the Paint Army were captured by the Germans. Their content, as historians note, was simply unbearable. This is also evidenced by statistics: less than two million soldiers returned to their homeland from captivity. Only on the territory of Poland, according to the Polish authorities, more than 850 thousand Soviet prisoners of war who died in Nazi camps are buried.
The main reasoning for such behavior on the part of the German side was the refusal of the Soviet Union to sign the Hague and Geneva Conventions on Prisoners of War. This, according to the German authorities, allowed Germany, which had previously signed both agreements, not to regulate the conditions for keeping Soviet prisoners of war with these documents. However, in fact, the Geneva Convention regulated the humane treatment of prisoners of war, regardless of whether their countries signed the convention or not.
The attitude of the Soviets towards German prisoners of war was radically different. In general, they were treated much more humanely. Even according to the norms, it is impossible to compare the calorie content of food of captured Germans (2533 kcal) versus captured Red Army soldiers (894.5 kcal). As a result, out of almost 2.4 million Wehrmacht fighters, slightly more than 350 thousand people did not return home.

During the Great Patriotic War, in 1942, the peasant Matvey Kuzmin, the oldest holder of this title (he accomplished the feat at the age of 83), repeated the feat of another peasant, Ivan Susanin, who in the winter of 1613 led a detachment of Polish invaders into an impassable forest swamp.
In Kurakino, the native village of Matvey Kuzmin, a battalion of the German 1st Mountain Rifle Division (the well-known Edelweiss) was quartered, which in February 1942 was tasked with making a breakthrough, going out to the rear of the Soviet troops in a planned counteroffensive in the Malkin Heights. The battalion commander demanded that Kuzmin act as a guide, promising money, flour, kerosene, and a Sauer "Three rings" hunting rifle for this. Kuzmin agreed. Having warned the military unit of the Red Army through the 11-year-old grandson of Sergei Kuzmin, Matvey Kuzmin led the Germans for a long time in a roundabout way and finally led the enemy detachment to an ambush in the village of Malkino under the machine-gun fire of Soviet soldiers. The German detachment was destroyed, but Kuzmin himself was killed by the German commander.

Only 30 minutes were allocated by the command of the Wehrmacht to suppress the resistance of the border guards. However, the 13th outpost under the command of A. Lopatin fought for more than 10 days and the Brest Fortress for more than a month. The first counterattack by the border guards and units of the Red Army was launched on 23 June. They liberated the city of Przemysl, and two groups of border guards broke into Zasanie (the territory of Poland occupied by Germany), where they defeated the headquarters of the German division and the Gestapo, while liberating many prisoners.

At 4 hours 25 minutes on June 22, 1941, the pilot, senior lieutenant I. Ivanov, made an air ram. This was the first feat in the course of the war; awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Tank ace number one is rightfully considered Lieutenant Dmitry Lavrinenko from the 4th Tank Brigade. In three months of fighting in September-November 1941, he destroyed 52 enemy tanks in 28 battles. Unfortunately, the brave tanker died in November 1941 near Moscow.

Only in 1993 were the official figures of Soviet casualties and losses in tanks and aircraft published during the Battle of Kursk. "German losses in manpower on the entire Eastern Front, according to information provided to the High Command of the Wehrmacht (OKW), in July and August 1943 amounted to 68,800 killed, 34,800 missing and 434,000 wounded and sick. German losses at Kursk arc can be estimated at 2/3 of the losses on the Eastern Front, since during this period fierce battles also took place in the Donetsk Basin, in the Smolensk region and on the northern sector of the front (in the Mga region). Thus, German losses in the Battle of Kursk can be estimated approximately in 360,000 killed, missing, wounded and sick. Soviet losses exceeded German losses in a ratio of 7: 1 ", - writes researcher BV Sokolov in his article" The Truth About the Great Patriotic War ".

At the height of the fighting on the Kursk Bulge on July 7, 1943, the machine gunner of the 1019 regiment, senior sergeant Yakov Studennikov, alone (the rest of his crew died) fought for two days. Wounded, he managed to repel 10 attacks of the Nazis and destroyed more than 300 Nazis. For the feat he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

About the heroism of the soldiers 316 s.d. (Divisional Commander Major General I. Panfilov) at the well-known crossing of Dubosekovo on November 16, 1941, 28 tank destroyers met a blow from 50 tanks, of which 18 were destroyed. Hundreds of enemy soldiers found their end at Dubosekovo. But few know about the feat of the soldiers of the 1378th regiment of the 87th division. On December 17, 1942, in the area of the village of Verkhne-Kumsky, the soldiers of the company of senior lieutenant Nikolai Naumov with two calculations of anti-tank rifles while defending an altitude of 1372 m repelled 3 attacks of enemy tanks and infantry. Several more attacks the next day. All 24 fighters were killed defending the hill, but the enemy lost 18 tanks and hundreds of infantry.

Japanese soldiers in the battles near Lake Hasan generously showered our tanks with ordinary bullets, hoping to penetrate them. The fact is that the Japanese soldiers were assured that the tanks in the USSR were supposedly plywood! As a result, our tanks returned from the battlefield shiny - to such an extent they were covered with a layer of lead from bullets that melted when they hit the armor. However, this did not bring any harm to the armor.

In the Great Patriotic War, our troops included the 28th Reserve Army, in which camels were the draft force for the guns. It was formed in Astrakhan during the battles of Stalingrad: the lack of cars and horses forced them to catch wild camels in the vicinity and tame them. Most of the 350 animals died on the battlefield in various battles, and the survivors were gradually transferred to economic units and "demobilized" to zoos. One of the camels named Yashka went with the soldiers to Berlin.

In 1941-1944, thousands of Nazis took out from the USSR and Poland small children of "Nordic appearance" aged from two months to six years. They were sent to the Kinder KC children's concentration camp in Lodz, where their “racial value” was determined. The children who passed the selection were subjected to "initial Germanization". They were given new names, forged documents, forced to speak German, and then sent to the Lebensborn orphanages for adoption. Not all German families knew that the children they adopted were not of "Aryan blood" at all. NSAfter the war, only 2-3% of the abducted children returned to their homeland, while the rest grew up and grew old, considering themselves Germans. They and their descendants do not know the truth about their origin and, most likely, will never know.

During the Great Patriotic War, five schoolchildren under the age of 16 received the title of Hero: Sasha Chekalin and Lyonya Golikov at 15, Valya Kotik, Marat Kazei and Zina Portnova at 14.

In the battle of Stalingrad on 01.09.1943, machine gunner sergeant Khanpasha Nuradilov destroyed 920 fascists.

In August 1942, Hitler ordered "no stone unturned" in Stalingrad. Happened. Six months later, when everything was over, the question was raised in the Soviet government about the inexpediency of restoring the city, which would have cost more than building a new city. However, Stalin insisted on the restoration of Stalingrad in the literal sense of the word from the ashes. So, so many shells were dropped on Mamayev Kurgan that after the liberation for 2 years no grass grew on it. In Stalingrad, both the Red Army and the Wehrmacht, for some unknown reason, changed their methods of warfare. From the very beginning of the war, the Red Army used flexible defense tactics with rejects in critical situations. The Wehrmacht command, in turn, avoided large, bloody battles, preferring to bypass large fortified areas. In the Battle of Stalingrad, both sides forget about their principles and embark on a bloody cabin. The beginning was laid on August 23, 1942, when the German aviation carried out a massive bombing of the city. 40,000 people died. This exceeds the official figures for the Allied air raid on Dresden in February 1945 (25,000 casualties).
During the battle, the Soviet side applied revolutionary innovations to psychological pressure on the enemy. So, from the loudspeakers installed at the front line, favorite hits of German music were heard, which were interrupted by messages about the victories of the Red Army in the sectors of the Stalingrad Front. But the most effective means was the monotonous beat of the metronome, which was interrupted after 7 beats with a comment in German: "Every 7 seconds, one German soldier dies at the front." At the end of a series of 10-20 "timer reports", tango was heard from the loudspeakers.

In many countries, including France, Great Britain, Belgium, Italy and a number of other countries, streets, squares and squares were named after the Battle of Stalingrad. Only in Paris the name "Stalingrad" is given to a square, a boulevard and one of the metro stations. Lyon has the so-called "Stalingrad" brakant, where the third largest antique market in Europe is located. The central street of the city of Bologna (Italy) is also named in honor of Stalingrad.

The original Victory Banner rests as a sacred relic in the Central Museum of the Armed Forces. It is forbidden to store it in an upright position: the sateen, from which the flag is made, is a fragile material. Therefore, the banner is laid horizontally and covered with special paper. Nine nails were even pulled out of the shaft, and in May 1945, the cloth was nailed to it. Their heads began to rust and injure the fabric. Recently, the original Victory Banner was shown only at the recent congress of museum workers in Russia. I even had to call the honor guard from the Presidential Regiment, explains Arkady Nikolaevich Dementyev. In all other cases, there is a duplicate that repeats with absolute accuracy the original of the Banner of Victory. It is displayed in a glass window and has long been perceived as a real Victory Banner. And even the copy is aging in the same way as the historical heroic banner erected 64 years ago over the Reichstag.

For 10 years after Victory Day, the Soviet Union was formally at war with Germany. It turned out that, having accepted the surrender of the German command, the Soviet Union decided not to sign peace with Germany, and thus

2. Now one of the symbols of victory in the Great Patriotic War were stripes with St. George's ribbon. In general, this tape was established back in the 18th century for the displayed valor in battle.

3. A little more about the important meaning of the St. George ribbon, more precisely about the estate of George for Victory Day. May 6, 1945, right on the eve of Victory Day, was the day of St. George the Victorious. The surrender of Germany was signed by Georgy Zhukov.

4. In Europe, Victory Day is celebrated on May 8 and is called Europe Day, and in America, so generally on September 2.

5. May 9 became a day off only in 1965. Also, the day off was from 1946 to 1948, that is, at 65 there was essentially a return.

6. In 2000, the last walking parade of veterans took place in Moscow.

7. In 2008, for the first time at the Victory Parade on Red Square, heavy equipment passed.

This is such an amazing and important day in the history of the USSR.

And here are the facts about the 1945 Victory Parade:

Participants and witnesses of that first parade say that in terms of the crazy "temperature" of the people's joy, it can only be compared with the first news from Berlin about the Victory. Its history contains many interesting details. Let's remember some of them.

1. HOW THE DREAM OF THE LEADER COLLAPSED

It is known that the first Victory Parade was hosted by Marshal Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. However, we, the then military boys, and some today are surprised: why is not Stalin? After all, he is the commander-in-chief, the generalissimo, the supreme leader of the victors. It would seem that he, and not Zhukov, should ride out of the Spasskaya Tower on a white horse ... One might say, he was born in the saddle, like any mountaineer ...

This secret was revealed by Vasily, the son of Stalin.

A week before the day of the parade, Stalin summoned Zhukov to his dacha and asked if the marshal had forgotten how to ride. He has to drive more and more staff cars. Zhukov replied that he had not forgotten how to do it and in his spare moment was trying to ride.

That's what, - said the Supreme, - you will have to host the Victory Parade. Rokossovsky will command the parade.

Zhukov was surprised, but didn't show it:

Thank you for such an honor, but wouldn't it be better for you to host the parade?

And Stalin - to him:

I'm getting too old to take parades. Accept you, you are younger.

All this is in Zhukov's memoirs. We read: “Saying goodbye, he (Stalin. - Ed.) Remarked, as it seemed to me, not without a hint:

I advise you to take the parade on a white horse, which Budyonny will show you ... "

The next day Zhukov drove to the Central airfield on the former Khodynka - a rehearsal for the parade was taking place there - and met with Vasily, Stalin's son. And it was then that Vasily of the Marshal was amazed. He secretly said that his father was going to receive the parade himself. He ordered Marshal Budyonny to prepare a suitable horse and went to Khamovniki, to the main army riding arena on Chudovka, as Komsomolsky Prospekt was then called. There, the army cavalrymen set up their magnificent arena - a huge, high hall, all in large mirrors. It was here on June 16, 1945 that Stalin came to shake off the old days and check whether the horseman's skills had not been lost over time. Still, I'm used to holding other reins ...

At a sign from Budyonny, a snow-white horse was brought up and helped to get into the saddle. Gathering the reins in his left hand, which always remained bent at the elbow and only half active, because of which the evil tongues of the party comrades called the leader "Sukhorukim", Stalin spurred on the restive horse - and he jerked off ...

The rider fell out of the saddle and, in spite of the thick layer of sawdust, hit his side and head painfully ... Everyone rushed to him and helped him to get up. Budyonny, an awkward man, looked with fear at the leader ... But there were no consequences.

It was after this incident that Stalin instructed the marshal to receive the Victory Parade. And along the way, he strongly advised to saddle exactly that daring horse. Did you like it? Or did he think that Zhukov could not sit still? But on the day of the parade, Marshal Zhukov dashingly swept across Red Square ...

In the same ranks with the heroes of the war, our smaller brothers marched, who saved many human lives.

2. WHY THERE WASN'T THE MAIN SIGN OF VICTORY?

The Victory Banner, brought to Moscow on June 20, 1945, was to be carried along Red Square. And the calculation of the denominators was specially trained. The Keeper of the Banner in the Museum of the Soviet Army A. Dementyev claimed: those who hoisted it over the Reichstag and sent to Moscow as a standard-bearer Neustroev and his assistants Yegorov, Kantaria and Berest were extremely unsuccessful at rehearsals - they had no time for drill training. By the age of 22, the same Neustroev had five wounds, his legs were damaged. Appointing other standard-bearers is absurd and too late. Zhukov decided not to stand the Banner. Therefore, contrary to popular belief, there was no Banner at the Victory Parade. The first time the Banner was taken out to the parade was in 1965.

3. WHO DROUGHT THE SCARLET STAND?

According to the same Dementyev, the question arose more than once: why does the Banner lack a strip 73 cm long and 3 centimeters wide, after all, the panels of all assault flags were cut to the same size? There are two versions. First: he cut off the strip and took it as a souvenir on May 2, 1945, who was on the roof of the Reichstag, Private Alexander Kharkov, a Katyusha gunner from the 92nd Guards Mortar Regiment. How did he know that it was this, one of several, cotton cloth that would become the Banner of Victory?

The second version: The banner was kept in the political department of the 150th rifle division. Mostly women worked there, whom they began to demobilize in the summer of 1945. They decided to keep a souvenir for themselves, cut off a strip and cut it into pieces. This version is the most probable: in the early 70s a woman came to the Museum of the Soviet Army, told this story and showed her shred. Attached to the Banner - it came to the place ...

4. STANDARDS OF HITLER AND VLASOV

Everyone saw the footage of how fascist banners were thrown at the foot of the Mausoleum. But it is curious that the 200 banners and standards of the defeated German units were carried by the soldiers in gloves, emphasizing the fact that it is disgusting to even take the shafts of these standards into the hands. And they threw them onto a special platform so that the standards would not touch the pavement of Red Square. The first to be thrown was Hitler's personal standard, the last - the banner of Vlasov's army. And in the evening of the same day, the platform and all the gloves were burned.

The victory came at a high price ...

5. THE DATE OF THE PARADE WAS DETERMINED BY WORK ... OF SEWING FACTORIES

The directive on preparation for the parade went to the troops in a month, at the end of May. And the exact date of the parade was determined by the time required for sewing factories in Moscow to sew 10 thousand sets of ceremonial uniforms for soldiers and the timing of sewing uniforms for officers and generals in the atelier.

6. HOW THE LUCKY WERE HAVE BEEN SELECTED IN THE PARENT SHELVES

To participate in the Victory Parade, it was necessary to go through a tough selection: not only feats and merits were taken into account, but also the appearance corresponding to the appearance of the victorious warrior, and so that he was at least 170 cm tall.Not without reason in the newsreel all the participants in the parade are simply handsome, especially pilots. Going to Moscow, the lucky ones did not yet know that they would have to drill for 10 hours a day for the sake of three and a half minutes of an impeccable march on Red Square.

7. AVIAMARSH HAS TO BE CANCELED

Fifteen minutes before the start of the parade, it began to rain, turning into a downpour. It cleared up only in the evening. Because of this, the air part of the parade was canceled.

Stalin, standing on the podium of the Mausoleum, was dressed in a raincoat and rubber boots - for the weather. But the marshals were soaked through and through. Rokossovsky's soaked ceremonial uniform, when it dried up, sat down so that it was impossible to take it off - it was necessary to rip it open.

On that day, heavy summer rain did not spoil the joy of Muscovites.

Zhukov's ceremonial speech survived. Interestingly, in its margins, someone carefully painted all the intonations with which the marshal had to pronounce this text.

The most interesting notes: "Quieter, more severe" - in the words "Four years ago, the German fascist hordes of robberies attacked our country." “Louder, increasing” - on the boldly underlined phrase “The Red Army, under the leadership of its genius commander, launched a decisive offensive”. But "quieter, more heartfelt" - starting with the proposal "We won the victory at the cost of heavy sacrifices."

9. HOW MANY PARADES OF VICTORY WERE TOTAL?

Few people know that there were four epoch-making parades in 1945. The first in importance is undoubtedly the Victory Parade on June 24, 1945 on Red Square in Moscow. Three more little-known parades were dedicated to the end of the Great Patriotic War and the victory of the united nations in World War II, the defeat of Nazi Germany and imperial Japan.

The parade of Soviet troops in Berlin took place on May 4, 1945 at the Brandenburg Gate, and was hosted by the military commandant of Berlin, General N. Berzarin.

The Allied Forces Victory Parade in Berlin was staged on September 7, 1945. This was Zhukov's proposal after the Moscow Victory Parade. Each allied nation was represented by a combined regiment of a thousand men and armored units. But 52 IS-2 tanks from our 2nd Guards Tank Army evoked general admiration.

The Victory Parade of Soviet troops in Harbin on September 16, 1945 resembled the first parade in Berlin: our soldiers walked in field uniform. Tanks and self-propelled guns brought up the rear of the column.

10. TWENTY YEARS VICTORY DAY WAS NOT A HOLIDAY ...

After the parade on June 24, 1945, Victory Day was not widely celebrated and was a regular working day. Only in 1965 did Victory Day become a public holiday. After the collapse of the USSR, Victory Parades were not held until 1995.

Frisky horses gracefully carried Victory Marshals Georgy Zhukov (in front) and Konstantin Rokossovsky across Red Square.

FROM THE DOSSIER

Where did the Idol come from?

Zhukov's horse was of a Terek breed, a light gray color named Kumir. Few people know that the Idol also participated in the legendary military parade on November 7, 1941. Then in the saddle was the commander of the first squadron of the cavalry regiment of the NKVD Ivan Maksimets. It is curious that Maksimets survived the war and took part in the Victory Parade: he walked on foot in the consolidated regiment. The horses for Zhukov and Rokossovsky were specially taught to the roar of engines and the sounds of the orchestra, and the marshals themselves trained and got used to them in the arena for a whole month.

STATISTICS

At the parade, the combined regiments of 11 fronts marched in the following order: Karelian, Leningrad, 1st and 2nd Baltic, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Belorussian, 1st, 4th, 2nd and the 3rd Ukrainian, combined regiment of the Navy. As part of the regiment of the 1st Belorussian Front, representatives of the Polish Army marched in a special column.

The parade was also attended by "boxes" of the Commissariat of Defense (1), military academies (8), military and Suvorov schools (4), the Moscow garrison (1), a horse brigade (1), artillery, motorized mechanized, airborne and tank units and subdivisions (by special calculation).

I want to recall today interesting, important facts about Victory Day, May 9. it would not hurt to know.

1. Despite the fact that May 9, 1945 is officially considered the day of the end of the Great Patriotic War, the war officially continued until January 25, 1955. We were at war with Germany until 55. On May 8, only the act of surrender of Germany was signed, which officially entered into force on May 9.
2. Now one of the symbols of victory in the Great Patriotic War were stripes with St. George's ribbon. In general, this tape was established back in the 18th century for the displayed valor in battle.
3. A little more about the important meaning of the St. George ribbon, more precisely about the estate of George for Victory Day. May 6, 1945, right on the eve of Victory Day, was the day of St. George the Victorious. The surrender of Germany was signed by Georgy Zhukov.
4. In Europe, Victory Day is celebrated on May 8 and is called Europe Day, and in America, so generally on September 2.
5. May 9 became a day off only in 1965. Also, the day off was from 1946 to 1948, that is, at 65 there was essentially a return.
6. In 2000, the last walking parade of veterans took place in Moscow.
7. In 2008, for the first time at the Victory Parade on Red Square, heavy equipment passed.
This is such an amazing and important day in the history of the USSR.

And here are the facts about the 1945 Victory Parade:

The banner erected over the Reichstag was not carried across Red Square.
Everyone saw the footage of how fascist banners were thrown at the foot of the Mausoleum. But it is curious that the soldiers carried 200 banners and standards of the defeated German units in gloves.
Participants and witnesses of that first parade say that in terms of the crazy "temperature" of the people's joy, it can only be compared with the first news from Berlin about the Victory.
Its history contains many interesting details. Let's remember some of them.

1. HOW THE DREAM OF THE LEADER COLLAPSED

This secret was revealed by Vasily, the son of Stalin.

That's what, - said the Supreme, - you will have to host the Victory Parade. Rokossovsky will command the parade.

Zhukov was surprised, but didn't show it:

Thank you for such an honor, but wouldn't it be better for you to host the parade?

And Stalin - to him:

I'm getting too old to take parades. Accept you, you are younger.

All this is in Zhukov's memoirs. We read: “Saying goodbye, he (Stalin. - Ed.) Remarked, as it seemed to me, not without a hint:

I advise you to take the parade on a white horse, which Budyonny will show you ... "

In the same ranks with the heroes of the war, our smaller brothers marched, who saved many human lives.

2. WHY THERE WASN'T THE MAIN SIGN OF VICTORY?

3. WHO DROUGHT THE SCARLET STAND?

4. STANDARDS OF HITLER AND VLASOV

The victory came at a high price ...

5. THE DATE OF THE PARADE WAS DETERMINED BY WORK ... OF SEWING FACTORIES

6. HOW THE LUCKY WERE HAVE BEEN SELECTED IN THE PARENT SHELVES

7. AVIAMARSH HAS TO BE CANCELED

Fifteen minutes before the start of the parade, it began to rain, turning into a downpour. It cleared up only in the evening. Because of this, the air part of the parade was canceled.

On that day, heavy summer rain did not spoil the joy of Muscovites.

Zhukov's ceremonial speech survived. Interestingly, in its margins, someone carefully painted all the intonations with which the marshal had to pronounce this text.

9. HOW MANY PARADES OF VICTORY WERE TOTAL?

The parade of Soviet troops in Berlin took place on May 4, 1945 at the Brandenburg Gate, and was hosted by the military commandant of Berlin, General N. Berzarin.

10. TWENTY YEARS VICTORY DAY WAS NOT A HOLIDAY ...

Frisky horses gracefully carried Victory Marshals Georgy Zhukov (in front) and Konstantin Rokossovsky across Red Square.

Where did the Idol come from?

STATISTICS

And also a combined military band of 1400 people.

The duration of the parade is 2 hours 09 minutes. 10 sec.

Of these - the passage:

Infantry - 36 min.

Cavalry - 4 min.

Artillery - 29 min.

Armored vehicles - 21 min.

The parade was attended by 24 marshals, 249 generals, 2536 officers, 31,116 privates, sergeants.

More than 1,850 units of military equipment passed through Red Square.

PARADE PARTICIPANTS SPEAK

Mikhail BELOKON, Belorussian Front: "They even kissed our feet"

I was among those who threw the Nazi banners at the Mausoleum. There was so much joy! It was a sigh, a deep sigh of the people after the 1418 days of the war. And after the parade, Muscovites picked us up and carried us 800 meters in their arms. They kissed us on the forehead, lips, even kissed our feet. When the war began, I was only 15 years old, and at the front I was 16 years old, and at 17 I was already wounded. Then, after being wounded, - again at the front. And in both cases I was a scout, a field scout!

Konstantin LEVYKIN, Ukrainian Front: "It's a pity there was no demonstration!"

We walked past the Intercession Cathedral onto Kuibyshev Street, and at that time people gathered in all the streets adjacent to Red Square. People were going to participate in the demonstration, it was scheduled for this day, because of the pouring rain, it was canceled, but they did not leave. We walked at a free pace, and suddenly they began to throw flowers at our feet. And then the clever sergeant Maksimenko shouted: "Brothers, let's press it with our left!" - and we went to the front, began to print a step without any command of officers, and the officers themselves followed our example. "

What interesting facts do you know about Victory Day on May 9? 9th May considered an official end day Great Patriotic War... But history is written and rewritten, events are overgrown with myths and rumors. Today the day before Victory Day we will present some little-known facts about this day.

Victory Day fact 1: banner over the Reichstag

In modern history textbooks they write that the fighters were the first to hoist the banner over the Reichstag. Mikhail Egorov and Meliton Cantaria... The date of establishment of the flag is considered May 1, 1945... In reality, it is still not known exactly who was the first to plant the banner, since several groups of soldiers simultaneously penetrated into the Reichstag.

According to some sources, the banner was on the roof already on April 30, and a young soldier installed it Grigory Bulatov... It is known that 20 years after the war Bulatov unsuccessfully tried to prove his superiority and receive a well-deserved award. According to some reports, he committed suicide.

When the first Victory Parade was being prepared in 1945, it was planned that the soldiers who had taken Berlin would march across Red Square with the banner that had been hoisted onto the Reichstag. However, it soon became clear that the marching training of the soldiers was lame, and someone cut off a strip three centimeters wide from the banner itself. It is assumed that the Katyusha gunner who stormed the Reichstag, or the political worker of the 150th rifle division, took it as a souvenir. One way or another, we will never know who has this artifact now.

Victory Day fact 2: staged photos

Famous War Correspondent Photo Evgeniya Khaldeya « Banner over the Reichstago m "was made on May 2 (after the battles) and is staged. The photo depicts not the soldiers who set the banner on the Reichstag, but just soldiers who accidentally turned up at the photographer's arm. The photo itself has been heavily edited. So smoke was added, and the second captured German watch was erased from the hand of the soldier holding the banner. This was done to make the photo more spectacular, and also so that Soviet soldiers were not accused of looting.

As you may have guessed, the banner in the photo itself is not the one that was installed on the Reichstag during the battle.

Photo "Banner over the Reichstag"

Victory Day fact 3: date confusion

Why are we celebrating Victory Day May 9 when the agreement on Germany's unconditional surrender was signed May 7th? The fact is that the first agreement was allegedly signed without the participation of a representative of the USSR. In fact, on the part of the USSR, it was signed by Major General Ivan Susloparov, however, at that time he did not have official permission from Moscow to do so. So late in the evening May 8(Moscow time - already 9th May), another solemn signing of the act took place, repeating word for word what had already been signed earlier. That is why the Victory Day is celebrated in the Soviet Union and Russia on May 9, although the whole of Europe celebrates it a day earlier, and America, even more so, on September 2.

By the way, on paper, the war ended only 10 years later. Legally, the USSR was at war with Germany until 1955.

Victory Day fact 4: parades and celebrations

In the USSR, Victory Day (especially in the first post-war years) was a very important holiday. It is perhaps even difficult for us to imagine how important it is. However, this day lasted only until 1948 on weekends. Then the top leadership was ordered to forget about the war and begin to actively rebuild the country. Parades were held only on round dates. Now we are used to parades every year, and the next parade after 1945 took place only in 1965, 20 years later. At the same time, Victory Day was returned to the status of a day off.

Victory Day fact 5: St. George ribbon

The famous orange and black St. George ribbon, which is now massively associated with Victory Day, has no historical relationship to it. In this ribbon, black means smoke, and orange means fire, and it goes back to the Order of St. George the Victorious, which was established by Catherine II in 1769. In the USSR, the Guards Ribbon, with minor changes, was used as a special insignia of a soldier.

Let interesting facts about Victory Day help us remember this day as long as possible. And finally - advice from the team Zaochnik... Friends, no matter what they write in your textbooks, no matter how complicated your methodology is, our authors will be able to understand the most difficult tasks and help you complete them perfectly. On our website you can order an internship in Moscow and other cities of Russia. Do not hesitate to contact us for help, and the victory will be yours! Learn for your pleasure!