The meaning of the name Tatiana

Most of the names common in Russia are of Greek origin. Therefore, the name Tatiana is often interpreted as a Greek derivative of the verb "τάττω", which means "to put in order", "build", "assign". Hence the interpretation of the name Tatiana as "founder" and "organizer". However, to linguists, this version seems dubious. After all, the name Tatiana in Greece is not just unpopular, but completely unknown.

Italy is another matter, where the name Tatiana is much more familiar. Etymologically, the name Tatiana goes back to the name of the legendary Sabine king Titus Tatius. The same Tatia, who, rescuing from captivity the women who were cunningly kidnapped by Romulus, captured the Capitol Hill.

According to one of the legends, Tatius even ruled Rome together with Romulus, which led to the unification of the Romans with the Sabines into a single people of Quirites, but this is another story.

In short, the name Tatiana comes from the Latin Tatius. This name was borne by the martyr Tatiana Rimskaya, whose memory is celebrated on January 25.

With the light hand of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, Saint Tatiana became not only a well-known saint in Russia, but also the patroness of Moscow University, and the day of memory of Martyr Tatiana - January 25 - began to be considered a day of students. As for the name, in Europe Tatyana is considered a purely Russian name. But the familiar diminutive form Tanya, as an independent name, can be found in the Scandinavian countries, Germany and the USA.

The life of Saint Tatiana

Saint Tatiana was born in Rome at the end of the second century into the family of a noble nobleman who was three times consul of Rome. He secretly confessed Christ, so he raised his daughter in fear of God and devotion to God. Tatyana knew the Holy Scriptures well and, having matured, decided to devote herself to Christ. She became a deaconess, that is, a woman who carried out social service in the church. Her responsibilities included both caring for and caring for sick women and pregnant women, and preparing them for baptism and the performance of the baptism itself.

In 222, power in Rome passed to the sixteen-year-old Alexander Sevir. And although his mother was a Christian, and Alexander himself had nothing against Christians, the real power was concentrated in the hands of the governors and governors of the regions. Eparch Ulpian took over the country. Ulpian was an idolater, hated Christians and dealt with them in the most cruel way. During the persecution, Saint Tatiana was arrested.

The saint was demanded to worship idols in the temple of the god Apollo. Instead, the saint turned to Christ, and through her prayers an earthquake occurred. Not only the idols were destroyed, but the temple itself, under the rubble of which the priests were buried. Saint Tatiana was cruelly tortured. They gouged out her eyes, tortured her for a long time. The saint also loudly prayed for the torturers, calling on God to "open their spiritual eyes." Suddenly, the eight tormentors saw the angels, who deflected the blows inflicted on the holy virgin, and heard a heavenly voice. They not only believed, but with tears asked the saint to forgive them. For confessing Christ, they themselves were tortured and beheaded.

Saint Tatiana was tortured the next day, demanding to renounce Christ. A miracle happened here when milk began to flow from the wounds instead of blood and a fragrance emanated. And when on the third day they took her out of the dungeon, they found that her body was as healthy as before and did not have any traces of torture. Saint Tatiana was again demanded to worship idols, this time to the goddess Demeter. Arriving at the temple, Saint Tatiana crossed herself and began to pray. Immediately before everyone's eyes, both the idol and the temple were destroyed by lightning. Saint Tatiana was tortured again and thrown into prison at night. On the fourth day, she was taken to the circus arena to be devoured by a lion. But the beast obediently began to lick the wounds of Saint Tatiana and tore apart one of her tormentors. They threw the saint into the fire, but she remained unharmed. Having declared her a witch, they cut off Saint Tatiana's hair, in which, it was believed, her magical power was concentrated. Then she was taken to the temple of Zeus and locked up for two days. But even here, through the prayer of Saint Tatiana, the idols were defeated. When it became obvious to the persecutors that torture was senseless, and Saint Tatiana was adamant and firm in her faith, she was beheaded together with her father. This happened on January 25, 226.

Icons of St. Tatiana

Saint Tatiana is revered by all branches of the Christian church. In the Catholic Church, she is considered a little-known saint and her veneration is not widespread. It is customary to depict Saint Tatiana on icons in a red robe (riza), which symbolizes the martyr's death and the blood shed by the saint in the name of Christ. Her head is covered with a white shawl, indicating her chastity. In her hand the saint holds a cross - a symbol of martyrdom, sometimes a scroll, the text of which is addressed to believers. On one such scroll we find: "In torment, praying to God for those who torment, let him give them the knowledge of the truth."

Saint Tatiana's Day

January 25 - Tatiana's Day in 2005 was officially declared the Day of Russian Students. It is widely celebrated by students not only in Russia, but almost throughout the former USSR: in Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine. The connection between Saint Tatiana and the students is unexpected and simple.

On January 12, 1755, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna satisfied and signed the petition of Count Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov (drawn up on the basis of a project by M.V. Lomonosov) to open a new educational institution in Moscow. On April 23, 1755, the University was opened in Moscow.

In 1786, the main building of the University appeared on Mokhovaya Street. Five years later, the left wing of the building was given over to the house church. The church was consecrated in 1791 in honor of the holy Martyr Tatiana.

So January 25 (coincides with the end of the examination session) and May 7 (the Lomonosov Readings are being held) became significant days for Moscow University, and Martyr Tatiana was the patroness of students.

Tatiana's Day in the Russian Empire, and above all in Moscow, was a noisy holiday, with wide festivities, in which both professors and students took part on an equal footing.

At the corner of Petrovsky Boulevard and Trubnaya Square there was a French restaurant Hermitage Olivier. Its owner, culinary specialist Lucien Olivier, gave the restaurant hall on Tatiana's day at the mercy of students who came here to "walk" after official ceremonies and festive liturgy. Expensive dishes were removed from the tables, the floors were covered with straw, because the wine flowed like a river. Here and there enthusiastic speeches and toasts were heard "to the glory of science and to the prosperity of ideals." “Whoever gets drunk on ordinary days out of love for this art, gets drunk on Tatyana out of a sense of duty. Who on ordinary days does not drink at all, Tatiana gets drunk in order to prove his solidarity with the drinking intelligentsia: let, they say, everyday paths took us far from each other, scattered us apart, like haystacks in the sad verses of Alexei Tolstoy, but they are still alive, intact in the heart is the thread that binds us with an inseparable bond to a common root, uniting us in the name of our common breadwinner - alma mater ... Long live alma mater, gentlemen! Gaudeamus igitur! vivat academia! "

And even the gendarmes on this day did not touch the intoxicated students, and if such a need nevertheless arose, they detained them, having previously congratulated them on the holiday. This is exactly how Alexander Amfitheatrov captured Tatyana's day in his literary sketch.

After the revolution, Tatyana's day began to be forgotten. They began to celebrate it again in connection with the transfer of the Tatiana Church to the Russian Orthodox Church in 1995.

Tatiana Church in Moscow

The university house church in the name of the holy Martyr Tatiana was opened and consecrated in 1791. The parishioners of the Tatiana Church were professors and numerous students of the University. It was here, in the Tatiana Church, that Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, historians Sergei Soloviev and Vasily Klyuchevsky, and many other prominent people of the Russian Empire were buried. Tatiana's temple burned during a fire in 1812. It was restored and rededicated in 1837. At the same time, a large image of the holy Martyr Tatiana was placed on the facade of the temple. After the revolution, by decree of the People's Commissariat for Education in 1919, the temple was closed like many other university churches. The temple was ravaged, the interiors were destroyed, and the building was turned into a club, later into a theater. In January 1995, the temple was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church.

Temple of the Great Martyr Tatiana, 2016 Photo by Yulia Makoveichuk

Today, the home church of the Holy Martyr Tatiana is one of the largest Moscow parishes, which is active in missionary work and social service. The temple was restored, in 1998, with the blessing of the Patriarch of the church, the iconostasis of the temple of St. Seraphim of Sarov from New York was transferred. Also, one of the most valuable relics of the Tatiana Church is the ark with particles of the relics of the holy Martyr Tatiana and Saint Philaret of Moscow. Two pieces of relics from the right hand of the holy Martyr Tatiana (now kept in the Mikhailovsky Cathedral) were donated to the university church in 1995. One of the particles is placed in the icon, the other in the ark, located near one of the kliros.

Tatiana Larina

Illustration by Lydia Timoshenko (1903-1976)

Two events brought great popularity of the name Tatiana in Russia. The first of them, of course, was the novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, where the girl Tatiana is written as the main character.

... Her sister was called Tatiana ...
For the first time with such a name
The tender pages of the novel
We willfully sanctify.
So what then? it is pleasant, sonorous;
But with him, I know, is inseparable
Remembrance of antiquity
Or maiden! We all have to
Admit it: there is very little taste
In ours and in our names
(Let's not talk about poetry);
Enlightenment is not for us,
And we got it from him
Arrogance - nothing more.

At the time of Pushkin, the name Tatiana was common. By the beginning of the 19th century, it had long ceased to be popular among the nobles, and merchants and peasants often called their children Tatyana. But a century earlier, the name Tatiana was common among the nobility, because that was the name of one of the youngest daughters of the first Russian Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.

Princess Tatiana Mikhailovna enjoyed the respect of her brother Alexei Mikhailovich. During the conflict, she tried to reconcile Princess Sophia and Peter, she was even the godmother of Tsarevich Alexei. But the Grand Duchess Tatyana Mikhailovna became even more famous for the fact that in 1691 she donated an ark with the relics of the right hand of the Martyr Tatyana to the Resurrection New Jerusalem Monastery. Since then, the holy martyr Tatiana began to be considered the patroness of the monastery. It is about this antiquity that Pushkin speaks in his novel.

And also about the "girlish". Probably, the poet means that the name Tatiana should refer the reader to the "tatyanka" - the style of a woman's dress with a wide skirt with gathers. "Tatyanka" is the simplest style of skirts that prevailed in the Russian national costume. And rethought and improved with additional skirts and frills "Tatyanka" shone at the balls of the era of Alexander Sergeevich.

You can continue the reasoning and say that in your own words
“Enlightenment is not good for us
And we got it from him
Arrogance - nothing more ... ",

the poet tries to emphasize that the heroes of the novel, the parents of Tatyana Larina, did not call her that because they remembered the patroness of Moscow University, the holy Martyr Tatyana. But let's not fantasize, the fact remains that thanks to the novel "Eugene Onegin" the name Tatiana has soared to the utmost in the popularity rating of Russian names.

Partisan Tanya

According to statistics, the name Tatiana was the first most popular name in the country throughout the 20th century. In the 50-60s, on average there were seven girls with the name Tatiana per school class. Every sixth woman in the country was called Tatiana. And the foreigners who looked into the country for advice from Tatyans were spinning.

It is likely that such popularity of the name was associated not only with a novel in verse, but also with another event - the feat of eighteen-year-old Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

In October 1941, a tenth grader, Zoya, entered the sabotage and reconnaissance group of the headquarters of the Western Front, which was faced with the task of "smoking the Germans" out of their warm apartments. The Komsomol members of the group were to burn ten villages occupied by the Germans. In one of them, in the village of Petrishchevo, Volokalamsk district, Zoya was captured. To her executioners, Zoya, who dreamed of entering a literary institute and probably loved Pushkin, called herself Tanya. Or maybe the priest's granddaughter just remembered the life of Saint Tatiana. The girl was cruelly tortured, tortured for a long time and hung naked with a sign on her neck "arsonist of houses." The image of "Tanya", who continued to threaten her enemies with revenge, entered the annals of history thanks to an article by Peter Lidov. The article "Tanya" was published on January 27, 1942 in the newspaper "Pravda", and Zoya (Tanya) herself for many years for many Soviet citizens became a symbol of the heroism shown by man in the Great Patriotic War.

Dozens of works of art, poems, songs, the one-act opera Tanya, the ballet Tatiana, monuments all over the country, including the Partizanskaya metro station and even a poem by the children's poet Agnia Barto were dedicated to the Partisan Tanya. Not surprisingly, parents called their children the name of a modern hero.

According to statistical tables, until 1993, the name Tatiana did not leave the first place in the ranking of the most popular names in the country. But with the death of the Soviet empire, its heroes fade into the background. The name Tatiana, remaining in the top ten popular names in Russia, takes only seventh place today. Today, many people luckily associate this name not only with Tatyana Larina or Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, but with the saint, whose life is shaking with the depth of faith.

Troparion to Martyr Tatiana

Troparion, voice 4

Thy Lamb, Jesus, Tatiana calls with a great voice: I love you, my bridegroom, and those who seek you, I suffer and am crucified, and I am buried in Thy baptism and suffering for Thy sake, as if I reign in You and die for You, and I live with You, but as a sacrifice Accept me immaculate, I will sacrifice to You with love: with your prayers, as if Merciful, save our souls.

Kontakion, voice 4

Thou art shone brightly in your suffering, passion-bearer, infused with your blood, and like a red dove flew up to heaven, Tatiano. Even so, pray for those who honor thee.

Prayer

Oh, holy martyr Tatiano, bride of Thy Sweetest Bridegroom Christ! To the Lamb of the Divine Lamb! A dove of chastity, a fragrant body with suffering as if she had clothed herself in royal clothes, matched to the face of heaven, now rejoicing in eternal glory, a servant of the Church of God from the days of her youth, observing chastity and loving the Lord more than all the blessings of the Lord! We pray to you and we ask you: heed our heartfelt petitions and do not reject our prayers, grant purity of body and soul, breathe love for Divine truths, lead us into the virtuous path, ask God for angelic protection, heal our wounds and ulcers, youth protect, give old age painless and comfortable, help in the hour of death, remember our sorrows and give joy, visit us who are in the dungeon of sin, instruct us to repentance soon, kindle the flame of prayer, do not leave us orphans, but glorifying your suffering, we send praise to the Lord, now, and ever, and forever and ever. Amen.

Orthodox believers remember the Holy Martyr Tatiana on January 25 - it was then that the day of students is celebrated, of which she is the patroness. Sputnik tells about the history of the holiday, as well as the signs and traditions that are traditionally honored today not only by students, but also by many others.

Martyr Tatiana - patroness of students

Tatiana's Day or the Day of Russian Students is associated with the name of the early Christian martyr Tatiana of Rome, who is remembered in the Orthodox Church on January 25: on this day, the Divine Liturgy is served in churches.

The martyrdom of the saint is important for believers. Tatiana was born into a noble Roman family of secret Christians and devoted herself to the ministry of the church. In times of persecution, they tried to force her to renounce her faith by torture. Her life describes many miracles that happened during the torture. For example, it is said about eight tormentors who, astonished by her steadfastness, asked for forgiveness, after which they saw angels behind Saint Tatiana's back and believed in Christ with all their hearts. Three times she destroyed temples by the power of faith and word. The fire, into which they threw her, did not burn the martyr, and the lion in the arena only licked her feet. In the end, she was executed for disobedience.

History of the 25 January celebration

The holiday began to be celebrated as the birthday of the Moscow University: Empress Elizaveta Petrovna established it back in 1755. Subsequently, in one of the wings of the old university building, the house church of the Holy Martyr Tatiana was created, and she herself was declared the patroness of all Russian students.

© Sputnik / Victor Tolochko

By the middle of the 19th century, the day, solemn for the professors and students of Moscow University, grew into a large-scale holiday of the city intelligentsia, then went beyond the capital, and over time it was transformed into a student's day, which gathered all members of the student fraternity (including in Belarus).

In the Russian Empire, celebrations were traditionally noisy and cheerful: after official ceremonies in educational institutions, festivities were held everywhere. The Frenchman Olivier, who was the owner of the Hermitage, even rented out the restaurant hall for student festivities. Even the tsarist gendarmes on that day, meeting a drunk student, offered him their help.

© Sputnik / Ruslan Krivobok

After the October Revolution, Tatyana's day was forgotten for more than half a century, but they began to celebrate it again in 1995, after the second opening of the said church at the university. And the official celebration of the Day of Russian Students began only in 2005, when the federal law came into force on how to consider it a memorable date of the country.

What is symbolic, the date of celebration - January 25 - falls just on the last day of the 21st academic week and the end of the session of the first semester, followed by the winter holidays.

Traditions and signs on Tatyana's day: student and folk

On this day, it is customary to pray to the martyr Tatiana: to ask her for success in difficult teaching, for enlightenment.

One of the popular student traditions says that on the night of January 25, you should call for luck by sticking your grade book out of the window. According to another tradition, you need to draw at the very end of the record-book a house with a chimney from which smoke is pouring out: supposedly, the longer the plume of smoke, the easier the upcoming exams and the academic year will pass. It is considered a great luck if the exam falls on the day after the holiday, January 26: they say, it passes easily and quickly. By the way, during the holiday itself, in no case should you learn notes. It is believed that success in exams can be achieved by loudly celebrating a holiday.

There are also remarkable folk signs. For example, in the old days, on Tatiana's day, girls lured grooms: they hid feather dusters in the houses of young people - it was believed that after that the lover would marry the girl, and the marriage would be strong. Also, the tradition has survived to this day, according to which people, wiping their feet on the rug laid by the door, will be frequent guests in the house. According to popular beliefs, it is on January 25 that the sun turns to summer.

There are also prohibitions: quarrels with loved ones are unacceptable on Tatiana's day, as well as refusal to help those who ask for it. It is worth celebrating the holiday in a clean house, otherwise you can incur disaster.

The older women in the family on this day need to bake a loaf, symbolizing the heavenly body. The whole family needs it, so that everyone gets a piece of the sun, and it will sooner return to people.

It was on January 25, back in 1755, that an imperial decree was signed on the creation of the first university in Russia, which was named Moscow.

The people call this holiday Tatiana's Day or Student's Day, and all women who bear the name Tatiana celebrate name days. The ancient name "Tatiana" translated from Greek means "organizer".

Life

Saint Tatiana, an early Christian martyr, suffered for her faith in the 3rd century AD under the Roman emperor Alexander Sever. She was one of the first true Christian women for whom faith was the meaning of life.

The future saint was born into a noble Roman family - her father was elected consul three times. He was a secret Christian and raised a daughter devoted to God and the Church.

Having reached adulthood, Tatyana did not marry and served God in one of the churches, caring for the sick and helping those in need in fasting and prayer. In 226, the girl was arrested during another persecution of Christians.

At first, the pagans gave her a chance to change her faith, making sacrifices to their god, but Tatiana was adamant. After terrible torment, Tatiana appeared before her executioners and judges even more beautiful than before.

During the torture, many miracles happened: either the executioners, for whose enlightenment the Saint had prayed, believed in Christ, then the angels deflected blows from the martyr, then milk flowed from her wounds instead of blood and a fragrance spread in the air.

Icon "St. Tatiana" in the Novodevichy Convent

Three times Tatiana destroyed churches by the power of word and faith. They threw her into the fire, but he did not harm the martyr, into the arena with a lion, but the predator only licked the feet of the Saint. The pagans despaired of breaking the faith of the sufferer and executed her. Together with Tatiana, her father was also executed.

As history testifies, Tatiana's day was special among the Moscow patronal holidays.

Student's day

On January 25, 1755, the patron saint of Russian science and culture, chamber-cadet Ivan Shuvalov, gave a decree on the founding of Moscow University to Empress Elizaveta Petrovna for signature.

Shuvalov's choice fell on this date for a reason. This decree was an unusual gift to his mother, Tatiana, on the day of the name day.

Ivan Shuvalov developed the project of the new university together with the outstanding Russian scientist and encyclopedist Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.

© photo: Sputnik / RIA Novosti

In 1791, in the name of the Holy Martyr Tatiana, the temple of Moscow University was also consecrated. Since then, Saint Tatiana has been considered the patroness of students and teachers. The parishioners of this church in different years were Fonvizin, Griboyedov, Turgenev, Timiryazev, Pirogov, Klyuchevsky, the Aksakov brothers and many others.

In 1918 the temple was closed. At first, a club was located in its premises, and from 1958 to 1994 - the student theater of Moscow State University. In January 1995, the building was returned to the church.

Since the middle of the 19th century, Tatiana's Day has become a student's holiday. For the first time, the birthday of Moscow State University was celebrated only on its centenary, in 1855, after which the celebration became a tradition.

For many years, the official part of the celebrations included mass in the university canteen, the rector's speech and the awarding of teachers who excelled in the sciences. Towards evening, student festivities began.

From Moscow, the festive tradition first spread to the capital of St. Petersburg, and then to other university cities and, in fact, turned into a holiday for the entire Russian intelligentsia.

© photo: Sputnik / Sergey Pyatakov

With the advent of Soviet power, all celebrations for Tatyana were canceled. The tradition was revived only after the collapse of the USSR, in 1992, at the initiative of the rector of Moscow State University, Viktor Sadovnichy.

In 1995, at Moscow University, a church in honor of the Martyr Tatiana began to operate again, and Tatiana's day began to be celebrated again.

Officially, the Day of Russian Students has been celebrated since 2005 in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation. And in 2007, a federal law was signed, according to which the Day of Russian Students became one of the memorable dates in Russia.

Traditions and signs

Traditionally, students receive congratulations in a solemn atmosphere from teachers and heads of the university. Particularly distinguished students are awarded certificates and gifts, and the best students are awarded presidential congratulations.

The informal part of the celebration begins after the completion of the formal one. Classmates traditionally gather in noisy companies to celebrate the student holiday on a grand scale.

On this day, students traditionally arrange mass festivities. Russian students, as in the distant 19th century, drink vodka, arrange fireworks and have fun until they drop.

© photo: Sputnik / Vyacheslav Bobkov

Copy of the illustration by Nikolai Pavlovich Chekhov for the story by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov "Tatiana's Day"

Students are quite superstitious, so their main holiday is associated with numerous signs. In addition, on January 25, most students fall for the winter session, respectively, the signs are devoted to its successful delivery.

The most famous comic sign is associated with the call for "freebies". The student needs to shout loudly out the window or from the balcony "freebie, come!"

Many believe that the key to success in all winter exams will be a fun-filled student's day. The most important thing is not to touch the notes and textbooks before handing over, so as not to frighten off luck.

© photo: Sputnik / Ilya Pitalev

Those who have an exam scheduled for the 26th are advised not to worry and calmly celebrate January 25th. According to the omen, after a good celebration it is impossible to get a bad mark.

Customs and rituals

On Tatiana's day, they go to church to pray for successful studies and enlightenment and light a candle for the repose of the Roman great martyr. General cleaning of the house is obligatory.

At the end of January, as you know, the day is already becoming noticeably longer, therefore, in the Slavic tradition, Tatyana's day is called the Sun, and sometimes Babiy Kut (a place near the stove for women's work).

The older women in the family bake a loaf, which is a symbol of the sun, as if inviting him to return to the people as soon as possible. Such rugs were eaten by the whole family so that everyone would get a piece of the "luminary".

© photo: Sputnik / Maxim Bogodvid

Girls at the "Student Winter Games for Tatiana's Cup" in Gorky Park in Kazan

In the villages, girls early in the morning, dressed up, went to the river, where they knocked out and washed rugs. According to tradition, the girl carried the rug back together with the guy who looked after her. Then the rugs were hung to dry on the fences, and the owner was judged by the cleanliness and beauty of the rug.

On January 25, women made tight and large skeins of yarn so that cabbage heads would also be dense and large.

People believed that a girl born on January 25 would be a good housewife. On this score, there was a saying: "Tatiana and a loaf bake, and the rugs on the river beats, and the round dance leads."

© photo: Sputnik / Ruslan Krivobok

On Tatyana's day, they also wondered - the girls made small brooms from rags and feathers. It was believed that if such a broom was imperceptibly put in a woman's coffin in the house of a desired guy, then the guy would definitely marry her, and their life together would be long and happy.

Many signs are associated with the weather.

Sunrise on Tatyana's day personified early spring, the imminent arrival of birds and the early spawning of fish.

If it is frosty and clear on Tatyana, there will be a good harvest, warmth and a blizzard - to a bad harvest.

© photo: Sputnik / Ilya Pitalev

The material was prepared on the basis of open sources.

On January 25, Saint Tatiana, a martyr who died in the name of the Orthodox faith, is honored. Also on this date, Student's Day is celebrated. The traditions of the holiday are rooted in the distant past.

Tatiana's day was originally a Christian holiday. On this day, the Orthodox prayed to the Holy Martyr, who was not afraid of her pagan offenders and glorified Jesus Christ. In the days of torture, prayers did not leave her lips, and the Angels healed her wounds and averted the cruelty of unbelievers. Tatyana, who died for her faith, is the patron saint of every Orthodox Christian.

The students' holiday coincided with the date of the religious holiday, since Moscow University was opened on that day. The celebration has spread throughout the country and has acquired a kind of traditions that help in learning and attract good luck for all who comprehend knowledge.

Folk traditions

Traditionally, on this day, Christians baked loaves, symbolizing the Sun. They were taken out of the oven, cooled and distributed to all members of a large family. With this rite, people called for spring and the warmth of the sun, which drove away the Epiphany frosts. Pieces of loaf gave warmth to each person and instilled confidence in the imminent approach of fine days.

On January 25, they also went to the river and knocked out rugs and carpets. Thus, they got rid of the dirt accumulated over the winter, and drove the evil spirits out of the house. The girls tried to attract the attention of the grooms and put a do-it-yourself rug near the front door. A man who enters a house and wipes his feet on it is believed to be a frequent and long-awaited guest.

Small brooms and brooms were considered another way to attract the groom. The girls made them with their own hands, weaving yarn and some of their hair. At the same time, they said:

“I create a broom, I weave joy, long-awaited and desired love. I'll go to the groom's house and make up a broom. The betrothed will come to me, in a clean room, he will love me, mistress, for the cleanliness in the whole house and delicious food "

They made secret desires on this day. It was necessary to go out into the street, choose the highest place and, looking at the sky, whisper the cherished words. A warm breeze and a cheerful trill of birds meant that it would soon come true.

The meeting of the Sun at the dawn of this day also made it possible to make a wish. People left their houses, looked at the rising star, bowed to him in the belt and asked for the most intimate.

Student traditions

The students prayed to their patroness for successful studies and made promises not to leave "tails" and to pass exams on time. Freebies were also called on this day. In the evening, young people took the books, put them out the windows and vents and shouted: "Freebie, come!" three times. It is believed that the louder the call, the greater the likelihood of luck in studies and exams.

A good party is also considered a sign of successful passing the exam the day after Tatyana's holiday. Students got together and had fun. They also drew inconspicuous houses with pipes in the student books or on exam tickets. The long smoke coming out of them signified a long mind and brought good luck in learning.

Students believed that at this time in no case should they touch the notes and learn the tickets. They went out into the street in a noisy crowd and sang songs. Joy and fun on Tatiana's day were considered the key to success and easy study throughout the year.

On January 25, prayers and services are also held in all temples and churches. Prayers addressed to the Higher Powers help to cope with difficulties and find peace of mind. We wish you good luck in life, luck, and do not forget to press the buttons and

23.01.2017 04:03

Tatyana's Day is a fairly well-known holiday, not only a national one, but also a Christian, church one. He...

Russian students celebrate their "professional" holiday on January 25th. On the same day, the Orthodox world remembers Tatiana, a holy Orthodox martyr who performed a feat in the name of the Orthodox faith, and women and girls with the name Tatiana celebrate name days.

The history of the emergence and development of the student holiday is closely related to Moscow State University - it was on January 25, 1755 that the Russian Empress Elizabeth I signed a decree establishing the first Russian university - Moscow. In modern history, Tatyana's Day is called the "Day of Russian Students" and is a national holiday on the basis of a presidential decree issued on January 25, 2005. In 2007, President V.V. Putin signed a federal law, according to which the Day of Russian Students was added to the honorary list of memorable dates in Russia.

Why is the holiday called Tatiana's Day?

As already mentioned, the basis for the student holiday was the signing of an imperial decree in 1755 on the founding of the University. Both the project of the University and the idea of ​​its creation belong to Mikhail Lomonosov and Count Ivan Shuvalov, since they understood in the best way how important the emergence of a scientific organization of this kind is for Russia and the development of science in it. The official opening of the University was carried out only in April 1755, on the 26th - on the day timed to coincide with the anniversary of the coronation of Elizabeth I. Therefore, for the next 35 years, this day was supposed to be the day of foundation of Moscow University.

But the next Russian emperor Nicholas I in 1791 issued a decree ordering to celebrate not the day of the official opening of the university, but the day of the publication of the decree on its creation, that is, January 25. So, at the behest of the emperor, the first official student holiday appeared, coinciding with the day of remembrance of St. Tatiana. In 1791, an Orthodox church was built at the University, which was consecrated in the name of the holy Martyr Tatiana (Tatiana). From that time on, Saint Tatiana is considered the patroness and protector of students and teachers.

It is interesting that after the 1917 revolution, due to the denial and rejection of any religions, the temple was closed by the Bolsheviks. To ensure that the premises of the temple were not empty, a club was organized in it - a place for gathering and communication of people in their free time from the construction of communism.

In the period from 1958 to 1994, the student theater of Moscow State University was located within the walls of the former temple, from the walls of which many famous actors came out, among them Mark Zakharov, Roman Viktyuk, Iya Savvina, Valdis Pelsh, Alexey Kortnev, etc. And only in January In 1995, historical justice prevailed and the building was returned to the Orthodox Church.

Celebration history:

In the first years after the festive date was approved on January 25, there were no particularly magnificent festivities. Usually, the holiday was celebrated with modest feasts. An obligatory item on the festive program was a prayer service in the university church. But around the 60s of the 19th century, the celebration of Tatiana's day was conditionally divided into an official part and an unofficial one. The program of official events usually included the following: holding an open day at the University; solemn speech of the rector of the University; visiting a university church; a festive dinner in the university cafeteria for the professors. At the end of the official celebrations, the most entertaining began! Students, united in small groups, went to wander the Moscow streets until late at night, drank alcoholic beverages, and bawled songs. Favorite places of mass gathering of celebrating students were Nikitsky and Tverskoy boulevards, Moscow squares.

Sometimes students managed to celebrate their holiday, which is called "in a grand style" - from time to time for celebration some restaurants in the city kindly provided their rooms for students.

There is a legend that on the eve of the holiday expensive furniture was taken out of restaurants, and the rich interior decoration was replaced by cheap and unprepossessing - simple tables, benches were placed, cheap earthenware was taken from the restaurant pantries. Restaurant carpets were replaced with a thick layer of sawdust. As a rule, restaurant kitchens were closed on January 25. Only buffets with cold snacks, vodka, beer and cheap wine remained at the disposal of the students.

A.P. Chekhov, describing once the celebration of Tatiana's day, said that this year they drank everything they could find. They could even drink the Moskva River, but, fortunately, it froze over. There was even a tradition when restaurant doormans on the backs of drunk students wrote their delivery addresses in chalk, in case they themselves could not get home. And the city police in every possible way contributed to the speedy delivery of drunk students to their homes.

It is believed that the celebration of Tatiana's day was so fond of student youth and her teachers, because on this day class and social differences between people disappeared - the rich triumphed along with the poor, teachers had fun with their students. Youth, freedom, students, lightness and fun of life united not only teachers - professors and students, but also former graduates of the university: doctors, officials, journalists, industrialists, lawyers, businessmen and everyone else who had anything to do with students and his daily life.

During the formation of Soviet power, Tatiana's day was renamed "Day of proletarian students", and the magnificent festivities in honor of the holiday were first suspended, and then completely banned due to inappropriateness. For a long time, there were no official student holidays in the USSR. It was only in 1992 that the tradition of celebrating the birthday of Moscow State University and holding various celebrations in honor of the historical student's holiday was revived. And gradually, within a fairly short time, the students of all higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation and the countries of the former CIS joined the celebration of Tatiana's Day on January 25.

Usually, by this day, the session ends in almost all universities, so most students can celebrate their legal holiday with peace of mind. As a rule, solemn awards of students for achievements in science, sports and culture are assigned on this day, concerts, performances, KVNs, flash mobs, balls and other cultural events are held.

I must say that Tatiana's Day is a national holiday of historical heritage and cultural significance. However, there is also an international student holiday celebrated around the world on November 17. It also arose in the course of historical events and is closely related to the course of the Second World War.

Who is Saint Tatiana:

According to legend, Tatiana is a great martyr who suffered in the name of Jesus Christ. She lived in the 3rd century AD in Rome. Since Christians were not greatly favored at this time, many believers went into hiding and secretly held meetings. Both the father and the mother also believed in Christ, and Tatiana was brought up in the same spirit. When the girl became older, she decided not to marry and took a vow of chastity. For her loyalty and virtue, Tatiana was made deaconess.

Nevertheless, she did not succeed in saving herself from persecution, however, like many Christians of that time. Tatiana was captured by the guards and brought to the then reigning Emperor Alexander Sever. Since he worshiped pagan gods, then Tatiana, in order to avoid the death penalty, ordered to bow to the pagan statue. However, she, being faithful to her Lord, refused to do it. At the same time, Tatyana turned to Jesus Christ with a prayer, as a result of which the idol was destroyed by an earthquake.

However, the cruel king did not stop there, and subjected the girl to torture, which not everyone is given to withstand. But this did not break her faith, and during the torture Tatyana continued to pray to the Lord. Therefore, the next morning, the traces of torture disappeared. Many, including her tormentors, watching the torture of the girl, believed in Jesus Christ.

Her torment did not end, and, in the hope of killing Tatiana, the girl was locked in the temple of Zeus along with the lion. Returning on the third day, the priests found that the Christian woman was alive and well, and their statue to the goddess Diana was destroyed. Therefore, it was decided to whip Tatyana and her father with a sword. The execution was carried out on January 12, according to the new style it is January 25.

In 1755, on January 12 (25), Ivan Shuvalov submitted a petition to open Moscow University, which was approved by Empress Elizabeth. This gave rise to the holiday. University students on this day organized loud festivities and fun.

Then, on the territory of the educational institution, a temple was built to the great martyr Tatiana, who was later declared the patroness of all students. With the passage of time, the whole of Moscow began to celebrate this day.

However, officially Tatiana's day turns into a student's day in the 60-70s. XIX century, when Nicholas I ordered to celebrate not the opening day of the university, but the signing of the act on its establishment.

Customs and traditions on Tatyana's day (Student's day):

Traditions of celebrating Student's Day, which were earlier, do not differ much from today. The official part began with the award ceremony and congratulations to the students. A concert was arranged, and then everyone went to the church for a prayer service. The official part ended with the song "God Save the Tsar," and everyone dispersed.

But after a while, all the students gathered again at the building of "Moskovskiye Vedomosti" to arrange a cat concert, after which the windows of the publishing house were often knocked out. Then everyone went to the tavern and continued the fun.

It is worth noting that on this day many antics were "let go", and if the gendarmes saw a soldered student, they considered it an honor to offer their help.

Since Tatiana's day also has pagan roots, earlier, everyone who had nothing to do with the students spent this holiday differently.

On January 25, spring was called then. For this, loaves were baked in the shape of the sun. Moreover, each of the family members had to try it. Otherwise, the Sun will not give it its warmth. It is worth noting that the hostesses cooked this loaf for several days, since the baking process was accompanied by many rituals.

One of the main traditions was knocking out rugs. From the very morning all the young girls went to the river to wash and knock out rugs. After the girls finished their work, the guys came to them and helped them take the rugs home, which were then hung out on the fence. Judging by the cleanliness and beauty of the rug, the girl was also judged.

Also, on January 25, the girls made brooms from rags and feathers, so that they would later be placed in the "woman's kut" in the yard of the guy with whom she wants to connect her life. It was believed that if the girl succeeds, then she will definitely marry this young man, and they will live a long and happy life together. The mothers of the guys, carefully watched who was putting these little brooms. If they liked the daughter-in-law, then they did not interfere, but on the contrary helped. If not, then they tried to interfere.

And in order for the cabbage heads to grow well, the women tried to reduce the balls of yarn tighter that day.

Of course, during the long existence of Russian students, student rituals, superstitions and traditions could not but appear.

So, it is with Tatiana's day that the following rituals are associated, predicting a happy course of student affairs:

1. On January 25, you need to climb the highest place in the city and, looking at the sun, make a wish - 100% will come true, time-tested and thousands of other students!

2. Call Freebies or Balls. To observe the ritual on January 25, you need to go out onto the balcony, porch or lean out the window and, waving the grade book, loudly call Freebies "Freebies, come!" It is believed that if one of the strangers shouts in response "On the way!" - this is a very good sign for a student.

3. Drawing in the grade book for Tatyana's Day is also a long tradition. On the last page of the student's book, it is customary to draw a village house and smoke coming from the chimney of this house. The longer the smoke is, the easier it will be for the student to study all year, until the next Tatyana's day.

Signs on Tatyana's day:

* Many argued that the girl who is born on this day will definitely be a good housewife, saying: “Tatiana and the loaf bakes, and the rugs on the river beats, and the round dance leads.”

* "Early sun - early birds".

* Also, many predicted the weather, saying: "The sun sets red - to the wind."

* The main task for the students was to defend the prayer service, otherwise the next session would be unsuccessful.

* Also on this day, many watched the weather. If it snowed on January 25, the summer will be dry and barren. If the day is clear and frosty, then the summer will be fruitful and not very dry, and the temperature will be stable.

* Early spring was expected if there was a starry night on Tatyana's day.

* When the birthday girl was in the house that day, all the household members watched the loaf. If the baking has gone up a hill, then the girl will be lucky and successful, when the loaf turned out smooth without flaws, then the year will be calm without problems and losses.

* If the dish burned on that day, then the girl must have eaten it, so that everything that life prepares for her, she could pass with ease. However, when the loaf turned out to be cracked, the birthday girl prepared for problems and hardships.

* On January 25, students had to get drunk in order to pass the next session well: “On Tatyana's day, all students are drunk. If you don't get drunk on January 25, your studies will be worse. "

Gadaniya on Tatyana's day:

Fortune-telling was, of course, one of the main traditions of January 25th. On the night of January 24-25, young unmarried girls gathered together and wondered. Well, let's take a look at a selection of the most popular fortune-telling among young people:

What will be the name of the groom.

On this day, girls went out into the street and asked unknown men for names. As the young man calls his name, this will be the case for the future husband.

Another divination in the name was as follows. The girls would take several onions, cut them into halves and write men's names on them. What name comes across, so, accordingly, the future husband will have.

Also, in order to find out the name of the groom, the girls planted bulbs on which male names were previously written, which root crop will germinate first, that will be the groom.

Divination by the groom:

Very often, unmarried girls ate something salty for dinner, but when they went to bed, they said:

"Who is my betrothed, who is my mummer, he will give me a drink."

Accordingly, whoever comes to drink a young lady at night will be the groom.

The girls also tried to find out about the groom and with the help of mirrors. To do this, they sat between two mirrors and looked into the reflection corridor. After a while, the groom should appear.

What will be the character of the groom:

For this, on January 25, the girls stroked the cat and watched its behavior. If the murka purrs - the groom will be kind and gentle, release his claws - pugnacious, meow - talkative, run away - the wedding will not be soon.

Also, the girls, in order to find out the character of the future spouse, wondered in glasses. To do this, they put several glasses filled with water on the table. Various objects were put there, and they covered everything with a towel. Then they carefully mixed everything, and, without peeping, chose their own glass.

Depending on what they came across, they also judged the character:

* a glass of salt - the spouse will be jealous;

* a glass with lemon - the husband will be a bore;

* a glass with an earring - the husband will be generous;

* a glass of wine - the narrowed one will be cheerful;

* a glass with a ring - very soon they will make you a marriage proposal.

STUDENT RITUALS FOR TATIAN'S DAY.

The ritual is called "The Magic House".

It should be held at noon on January 25th. So, open our classbook on the last page and draw a small house in the upper right corner. It must have a door and a window, and on the roof there must be a pipe from which smoke comes out. Try to keep the stream of smoke as long as possible - then you will pass the sessions without any problems. The ritual should be performed annually on Tatyana's day. But try to make sure that your drawings are not striking the teachers when they open the classroom.

Exactly midnight on the eve of the test or an exam, you need to open a window, look out of it, shake the record book and shout loudly three times: "Shara, come!" or "Freebie".

It will be great if one of the neighbors immediately responds to your call with the words: "I will come now!" Then the teacher will behave liberally on the exam, and you will get a good grade without much effort. This ritual is especially effective for those who live in hostels, since many people there know about this tradition and play along.

True, you cannot agree in advance to play along with you. And if suddenly someone throws you in response: "You need to learn!", Then you will have to conscientiously prepare for the exam - there will be no freebies!

There are other magical ways for students to get what they want, that is, easily pass exams.

The night before the exam put a textbook, notes or training manuals on the subject under the pillow under the pillow. Then, overnight, knowledge will pass into your head. Checked more than once!

Can also be put before bed a bar of chocolate at your feet. At night, the chocolate will absorb the knowledge gained during the preparation, which supposedly comes out through the legs. And in the morning you need to eat it, and then the knowledge will return to your head again.

On the morning of the exam day

A similar desire

On the morning of the exam day, if in transport you come across a lucky ticket - the one in which the sum of the first three digits is equal to the sum of the last three, you can think of a lucky change.

A similar desire you can make a guess if you are sitting between two namesakes, namesakes or twins.

If you are very afraid of offsetor an exam, going to it, ask all relatives and friends who stay at home, in every possible way to scold you in absentia with the dirtiest words. Let them remember all the cases when you offended or framed them in some way! As practice shows, if at the same time mentally imagine the student passing the exam or scold him, looking at the photo, the effectiveness of the result increases.

Another old method- ask one of your girlfriends and boyfriends to keep their fists for you. This person should be clenching their fists the entire time you are taking a test or exam. True, it is easier for those who came to take it with you, otherwise it is difficult to guess with a time interval.

Previously, this was still practiced- while the student is taking the exam, one of his household members must keep a finger in ink. But not everyone can be persuaded to do this!

They also say it helps if you rub your nose at the monument on the eve of the exam. The fact is that it is the nose that is supposedly an indicator of mental abilities. Lost - and the ability passed to you!

So, according to Moscow beliefs, successful passing of the test is ensured if you rub the nose of the bronze dog at the metro station "Revolution Square" at the third carriage from the end towards Shchelkovskaya. If you rub its paw, you will pass the exam ... The tail of a stone horse in Kuzminki Park performs the same function.

Behind the Okhotny Ryad shopping center from the side of the Alexander Garden there is a sculpture depicting an old man with a gold fish. According to student belief, if you stroke the fish three times on the back in a circular motion from left to right, then the exam will certainly get a lucky ticket and the teacher will not notice the cheat sheet ...

Jump over the threshold.

One of the easiest and most effective ways to help you pass the exam. You should not cross the threshold of the audience, but jump over it with two feet! This procedure goes unnoticed if you walk in with someone else (it's easier to disguise yourself). The main thing is that the teacher does not notice this.

Ritual for passing the exam "Magic Ironing"

Take any item in which you will go to take the exam (for example, a blouse or skirt) and iron it with an iron the day before, repeating:

"How smoothly I iron my clothes, so smoothly I pass the exam!"

Subconscious request.

As you already know, it is the unconscious that controls the events taking place in our reality. And you can resort to his help to set yourself up for a favorable exam. To do this, put a notebook with notes (it is inconvenient to sleep on a textbook) under your pillow the night before the exam and say:

"Or a topic, or knowledge, tell me the subconscious."

In a dream, you may dream of a ticket number, or a question that comes across to you. If this does not happen, then expect sudden insights and successful answers already during the exam.

Ritual for students "Lucky ticket"

In order for you to come across an easy question, before taking a ticket, cross the fingers of your left hand behind your back and say:

"Angel behind your back, indicate my ticket."

The ticket must be taken with the right hand (you yourself will reach for the desired one).

If you've ever performed student rituals for examinations, you may have noticed that not all of them are as effective.

Do you know why? The whole problem is in our mood during the ritual!

Remember: the more confident and positive you are, the better it will work!