All modern heating installations using natural gas as an energy carrier have a high level of safety, which is achieved through the introduction of automation equipment. They monitor and control the operation of heating units. In this material, we will consider automation for gas boilers from the most famous manufacturers, which is most often installed on domestic and imported boilers.

Functions and principle of operation of safety automation

In accordance with regulatory documents, the automation equipment of boiler plants must stop their operation by cutting off the fuel supply when the following situations:

• the draft in the chimney is insufficient and there is a risk of burnout;
• the gas pressure in the supply pipeline is too low or, on the contrary, too high;
• the flame on the igniter went out.

The above situations can lead to the damping of the main burner and gas contamination of the room, which is unacceptable. For this reason, the safety automation for gas boilers must be installed on all old-style boilers, where it was not provided by the manufacturer. Although it is often cheaper to replace the heater than to purchase and install the automation on the old one. In addition to preventing gas contamination of the room or waste, its functions also include maintaining the temperature of the coolant at a certain level set by the user.

To understand how the automation of a gas boiler works, we will briefly analyze its device. It should be noted that both foreign and Russian manufacturers use the same operating principle in their products, although the constructive devices may differ significantly. The most simple and very reliable are traditionally considered automatic gas valves from Italian manufacturers, so they are most common.

A striking representative of such gas appliances is the Italian SIT automation, or rather, its most popular modification 630 EUROSIT, whose device is shown below.

All structural elements are placed in one housing, to which gas pipelines are connected. In addition, a capillary tube from the thrust and temperature sensors (thermocouples), a gas supply line for the igniter and a cable from a piezoelectric element are connected to the device. Inside there is a shut-off solenoid valve, whose normal state is "closed", as well as a gas pressure regulator and a spring-loaded valve.

Any automatic gas boiler equipped with a EUROSIT combination gas valve or another is started up manually. Initially, the fuel path is closed by a solenoid valve, which opens by pressing the adjusting washer, after which the fuel fills the chambers of the device and goes through a small gas pipeline to the igniter. While holding the washer, we press the button of the piezoelectric device and ignite the igniter, which heats the thermosensitive element for 10-30 seconds. That, in turn, generates a voltage that keeps the solenoid valve open, after which the adjusting washer can be released.

Then everything is simple, we turn the washer to the required division and thereby open access to the fuel to the burner, which is independently ignited from the igniter. Since the automation of gas boilers is designed to maintain the set temperature of the coolant, human intervention is no longer required. Here the principle is as follows: the medium in the capillary system expands when heated and acts on the spring valve, closing it when a high temperature is reached. The burner is extinguished until the thermocouple cools down and the gas supply is resumed. You can learn more about the work of the Italian SIT automation by watching the video.

A brief overview of products from popular manufacturers

The second place in popularity among foreign gas valves after "Italians" is confidently occupied by American-made Honeywell automatics. The simplest budget model of the combined device works on the same principle as EUROSIT and has the same set of functions.

Under this brand, there are other types of automation for gas boilers and other gas installations with advanced capabilities on the market. For example, the Honeywell VR 400 model is equipped with two servo valves for working with electronic control units for gas boilers or remote controllers. The device has the following additional functions:

• smooth ignition system;
• modulation mode of operation;
• built-in mesh filter;
• maintaining the burner mode "low flame";
• additional outputs for connecting a minimum and intermediate pressure switch.

Considering the operating conditions in the post-Soviet countries, the installation of automation on a gas boiler, which is adapted to these conditions, does not lose its relevance. Such devices are offered by many Russian manufacturers, among them the Orion combined gas valves and SABK automatics deserve attention. The latter is manufactured by ServiceGaz (Ulyanovsk), and the range of products for gas installations is very wide.

It includes both the simplest safety devices with a minimum set of functions, and sets of equipment, which include several units: control, power and gas burner. Products of the SABK brand are well known to consumers for their affordable cost and maintainability.

Installation of SABK

Orion automation is also very popular, namely models for household boilers Orion - 16 and Orion - 20. These 2 products use the same principle in their work with a thermocouple, a solenoid valve and a piezo ignition, only in addition to the basic functions, these devices can support a low flame mode burner when the set temperature of the coolant is reached. The range of their application is gas boiler plants with a capacity of up to 32 kW.

Conclusion

Modern automation for a gas boiler plays a significant role in the safe operation of heating equipment, now it is impossible to do without it. Another thing is that the more expensive Italian and American devices are highly reliable and durable, this has been proven by years of work on various water heating installations.

The functioning of absolutely any heating system must be designed for a specific temperature regime. However, this indicator is not a constant value, since external factors change over time - the outside temperature, the necessary heating of the whole house or a separate room. To fully control the heating process at home, automation is needed for heating boilers (gas, electric, pumps). What requirements should you pay attention to when choosing an automation?

The best option is considered when the heating system maintains the required temperature in the apartment or house. For these purposes, in modern heating boilers (gas or electric), controllers are installed for the degree of heating of the coolant, as well as its pressure in the entire system. In addition to it, automatic equipment for heating is installed, both in gas and.

Even despite the fact that manufacturers take everything into account when designing heating equipment, there is a separate area for monitoring its operation, which can be carried out using an additional device. Depending on its purpose, the automation for boilers added to heating systems performs a number of functions.

Automation functions:

When choosing the optimal model for a device such as heating automation, you need to get acquainted with their varieties. Any of them should be characterized by specific operational features. Properly implemented heating automation should greatly simplify the control of the entire system, as well as reduce energy costs.

Varieties of automation

Important!!! Before purchasing an automation complex for a heating boiler, it is necessary to find out the possibility of connecting devices to each other. This information is available in the operating instructions.

All products manufactured today in the category Automatic control systems for boilers are divided into 2 groups:

• non-volatile;
• volatile.

A non-volatile unit does not need electricity for functioning, while the second type requires 12V voltage to operate, as well as a flexible connection for heating the room. Let's consider both types of automation in more detail.

Non-volatile automation

Non-volatile types of heating automation include mechanical units for regulating and controlling gas combustion in heating boilers. When you need to make a choice from 2 groups of automation, many tend to buy automation for a gas boiler in a mechanical version.

Why choose mechanical control:

What is the essence of setting in manual mode? The device is equipped with such a convenient component as a gas boiler control board, as well as a temperature scale from minimum to maximum. When the regulator needle is set to a specific level, it is set to the heater. After the boiler is ignited, the thermostat starts to function, setting the set temperature parameter by closing or opening the fuel supply valve.

The built-in thermocouple in the heat exchanger touches the coolant, and includes a special rod made of a material that reacts to various temperature changes. It is mainly made from Invar, which is an alloy of iron and nickel. When exposed to temperature, the rod is lengthened or shortened. It is connected to a valve, which, under the action of a rod, regulates the gas supply to the burner.

Today manufacturers add 2 more sensors to the mechanical automation unit:

• flame sensor.

Both sensors instantly turn off the gas supply to the boiler, in the event of a sharp drop in pressure in the pipe or in the event of a drop in draft in the chimney. Such weather-dependent automation of heating systems for a country cottage or at home. The sensors have a device that is based on the bending of a thin plate, which is made of an alloy of 2 metals. For example, if the temperature is high, the plate bends and the valve is held open. If the flame has decreased, the plate is straightened and the valve is closed. The same procedure is carried out with the chimney draft sensor.

Volatile automation

An example is the volatile automation for gas heating boilers Arbat. It is an electronic device, the main task of which is to regulate the gas supply process by opening and closing the valve.

The device is a complex mechanism, and manufacturers add a number of additional functions to it:

Currently, manufacturers are moving further, as the requirements for the comfortable use of boilers are increasing, automation is also endowed with the following functions:

It turns out that this type is a safety automation for heating boilers. Electric water heaters for heating, used in small apartments and country houses, are still very popular today. The diagnostic system deserves special attention. It provides the ability to prevent the occurrence of various serious malfunctions. Of course, this allows you to significantly save on equipment repairs.

Today on the market you can find various electrical energy-dependent heating devices.

These can be either ordinary blocks that have no software control, or programmable ones. The latter are convenient in that it is possible to set the required temperature mode for a significant period of time, up to a week. For example, having looked at the weather forecast, it is possible to set the required temperature for each next day, which will ensure the safety of the apartment with a comfortable temperature regime. You can also program the temperature, both at night and during the day.

Which automation to choose

Mechanical control units require special attention from the user, both for starting the heating boiler and during its operation. The adjustment of such characteristics as the temperature of the heating medium, boiler power and gas consumption occurs with a large error, approximately, and then manually corrected if necessary.

However, they do not depend on the availability of electricity, unlike, say, equipment such as electric heaters for heating; characterized by durability and high reliability. Their main advantage is the relatively low cost of both the automation itself and the boiler as a whole. Electronic control provides the ability to set the required operating mode, even taking into account the daily and weekly schedule.

The equipment works exclusively automatically. Start-up, main mode, as well as response to any abnormal situation are carried out without a user, moreover, a boiler with such a unit does not require a heat accumulator for the heating system, which somewhat reduces its cost. Setting system characteristics more accurately. You can adjust the temperature of the heating medium down to a degree, which will reduce gas consumption, since the boiler will only function when it is needed. However, such benefits will have to cost more.

Nevertheless, if we take into account the fact that the boiler is purchased for a long time, then if there is a financial opportunity, it is better to buy a boiler with electronic filling together with a stabilizer and a UPS.

It should be noted that when buying automation for heating boilers, you need to pay attention to the manufacturer - this issue should be treated with great care.

It's not all that complicated here. You can just see which manufacturer's equipment is owned by friends, relatives, since only the reviews of close people and acquaintances will be the most reliable. The assessment of such people will be the most objective. An important role is played by the duration of the company's work in the automatic equipment market. However, this is a topic for another article.

Modern equipment for heating private houses and city apartments is a complex technical system with a set of individual characteristics and features.

Different types of gas boilers differ not only in the set of functions and method of operation, but also in the control system. In order to ensure the safety of their products, manufacturers equip equipment with regulation systems that operate in an automatic mode.

The device and principle of operation of the automation of a gas boiler

Specialists working on the development of automatic systems for gas boilers note that safety and main valves are an important element of such devices. These devices stop the gas supply to the combustion chamber or other working areas of the boiler in the event of an abnormal situation. This is the main purpose of the gas boiler automation.

The difference between different types of automated systems lies in additional functions and control principles.

Gas boiler safety system automation includes:

• Flame control module. This element includes a thermocouple and a gas solenoid valve;


• Thermostat. This device protects the system from overheating and maintains a certain temperature. Its main function is to turn off or, on the contrary, turn on the boiler at the moment when the temperature reaches its peak levels;


• DThe engine responsible for traction. The device monitors the position of the bimetallic plate, which is connected to the valve using a lever and can shut off the gas supply;


• Safety (or disruptive) valve... It is necessary to remove excess coolant in the heating circuit.

Electronic automatic systems work based on data that come from sensors and are processed by special controllers. The electronics, having received the necessary information, give commands to the device drives responsible for safety.

In mechanical systems, the automation system works a little differently. The boiler starts up when the washer is squeezed out on the valve. This is a forced action that opens the valve and supplies fuel to the igniter. When the pilot ignites, the thermocouple begins to heat up. This creates enough voltage to drive the solenoid to hold the valve open.

Next, you need to set the power of the boiler. This will force the gas to flow to the burner at the correct pressure. After which it ignites from the igniter. When the unit is started up, a thermostat comes into play and controls the temperature.

Which automation is best for gas boilers

Automatic gas systems are produced by many foreign and domestic companies. The range is very wide, so it is important to figure out what to look for when choosing a gas boiler. The main products of gas equipment for boilers are supplied to the market from Russia, Germany and Italy.

Italian automation for gas boilers

It is the Italian gas equipment that is the most demanded and is the leader in sales all over the world. This is due to the fact that manufacturers from Italy are able to collect quality products that meet European standards, but at the same time remain attractive due to a balanced pricing policy.

The only drawback of Italian systems is their high sensitivity to unstable voltage. Therefore, when operating Italian automation, it is imperative to use stabilizers that can provide a clear supply of electricity.

German automation for gas boilers

German automation for gas equipment is of excellent quality, reliability and durability. As for the heating equipment itself, it provides optimal thermal performance in combination with high automation.

Companies that develop heating systems in Germany have an excellent engineering school that has evolved over the years. So, among German firms there are companies that have been operating since the beginning of the last century and began their journey with the release of the simplest heaters.

On the domestic market, products from AEG and Bosch are more common. Recently, German boilers have been equipped with energy-saving technologies. These innovations allow increasing the boiler efficiency up to 109%.

Domestic automation for gas boilers

Among the entire range of gas boilers offered on the market, domestic products occupy an important place due to such properties as:

• simplicity and reliability in operation and installation. The design of domestic heat generators is best adapted to the conditions of our country. The automatics used in such equipment calmly tolerate pressure surges in the gas pipeline, as well as energy drops in the network;


• low cost. Domestic manufacturers offer the most affordable prices for their products in comparison with competitors. Domestic boilers are one of the best when compared in the price-quality category.

The engineering school of domestic enterprises takes traditions from Soviet times. In addition, now domestic companies use the latest developments of European manufacturers. Among the many domestic firms, the most famous are Neva-Transit and Lemax.

Automation for gas heating boilers

The simplest option for automating heating boilers is the installation of a boiler thermostatic regulator. This device allows you to operate the heating system in manual mode by adjusting the temperature of the water inside the boiler.

The standard automatic gas heating boiler system includes:

• devices that provide traction for exhaust gases and control it;


• equipment for controlling the flame level;


• a device that provides automatic ignition;


• devices that protect the system from overheating.

Some boiler models are additionally equipped with microprocessors that perform a number of additional functions. This ensures the maximum level of comfort.

For example:

• automation can regulate the level of heat in the room depending on the weather. Due to this, it is possible to minimize temperature fluctuations inside the building;


• this system can work according to the schedule, taking into account the season. This allows you to reduce the level of heat engineering losses;


• programming the temperature mode depending on the time of day or day of the week. This method saves well on the level of gas consumption.

The simplest automatic systems allow you to regulate processes that occur only in radiator heating. More complex and functional systems can control all heating circuits.

Automation of floor-standing gas boilers

Floor-standing gas boilers are quite impressive devices that are used to heat private houses. Most of these installations have automatic safety systems that do not require an electrical connection.

These automation equipment should shut off the fuel supply (to the igniter and the burner) in three possible cases:

1. If, due to blowing out or for other reasons, the flame of the main burner has been extinguished.


2. If, for some reason, the natural draft in the chimney channel disappears or drops strongly.


3. If the gas pressure drops to a critical level in the main fuel supply pipe.

The complete scheme of operation of the automatics is stipulated in the regulatory documents and the technical passport of the gas equipment.

Automatic equipment Honeywell for gas boiler

Honeywell manufactures automatic safety systems for gas equipment. The company's devices are currently used on boilers of various manufacturers. The main advantage of Honeywell automation is that it can be used in various conditions and gives excellent results everywhere.

After installation, Honeywell equipment monitors:

• automatic mode to maintain the required temperature;


• disconnection of equipment using sensors and sensors in case of breakdown;


• normal smoke removal;


• gas supply, if the flame is extinguished for some reason.

Automatic equipment for gas boiler AOGV

Automatic systems of gas boilers AOGV operate using energy received from a thermocouple. The energy is used to act on the valve coil, which ensures that gas is supplied all the time the burner is on.

When operating the automatic equipment for the AOGV gas boiler, thermoregulation systems are used to control the temperature. The system includes special sensors and valves that shut off the gas supply after the temperature reaches the set level.

Most modern gas systems have special thermostats that give a warning signal. The signal is necessary in order for the owner to be able to open or, conversely, close the valve supplying fuel in time.

Automation of gas boilers Danko

The Ukrainian company "Danko" is engaged in the production of modern gas boilers for heating private houses and other buildings. Danko systems are simple in design and reliable in use. You can pick up units of different capacities. For boilers, KARE (Poland) and SIT (Italy) automatics are used.

Due to the use of modern automatic systems, boilers "Danko":

• able to function if the fuel supply is limited;


• have a low noise level;


• thanks to the installation of a coil, they quickly heat up the air;


• equipped with a reliable automation system;


• durable, work up to 25 years.

Gas boiler automation repair

Repair of the gas boiler automation can only be carried out by craftsmen who have special training and permission to service these devices.

When repairing the automatics of gas boilers, special attention is paid to electrical wiring. Usually, the main breakdowns of devices occur due to voltage drops. Therefore, a mains-powered boiler must be connected via an adapter.

When replacing any automation elements, the system is diagnosed in stages, checking each sensor and sensor. In this case, various elements of the gas system should be turned on (pump, turbine, burner, and so on) until a faulty part is found that can be replaced.

Where to buy wholesale automation for gas boilers

Today, you can purchase elements of a gas boiler (including automation) in specialized stores, gas-laying companies, or order online. Usually, organizations offer equipment delivery and installation alongside.

When choosing automation, it is important to know exactly the parameters of the future device and technical characteristics.

Manufacturers and suppliers of automation for gas boilers

Now automatic systems for gas boilers are produced and supplied by both foreign enterprises and domestic companies.

• EuroSIT company. Automation manufacturer for gas boilers from Italy. The devices that the company makes are designed according to the most modern technologies and meet the best international standards.


• German company "BOSCH". A manufacturer of automatic systems that can significantly increase the efficiency of gas boilers, and at the same time reduce the amount of fuel consumed.


• Polish company "KARE". A well-known manufacturer of automation for gas boilers. The enterprise has been operating for many years and during this time it has managed to prove the reliability and durability of its products.

Examples of automation for gas boilers at the exhibition

Manufacturers and suppliers of gas boilers and other home heating equipment are actively involved in the work exhibition "Oil and Gas".

Companies can not only demonstrate their products, but also get acquainted with new developments and technologies, a wide range of various devices and devices, including automation for gas boilers from different manufacturers.

Thanks to such events, manufacturers have the opportunity to find new business partners, suppliers of necessary components and other companies interested in cooperation.

Read our other articles:

Gas fired boilers are hazardous devices. If misused or malfunctioned, they can cause natural gas poisoning, combustion products, fire or even an explosion. That is why all the processes taking place in the boiler units must be carried out under constant control, for which the gas automation for the boilers is responsible.

Design and principle of operation

All components of automation used in heating systems can be conditionally divided into two large groups:

1. Devices that ensure the correct and safe operation of boiler equipment.
2. Devices that increase the comfort when using the boiler.

The safety automation of gas boilers includes:

In some models of boiler equipment, the manufacturer provides for an air exhaust device. All devices included in the automatic security system are non-volatile or mechanical. In the presence of executive drives and a control controller, they can work under electronic control.

Automation for comfort provides the installation owner with additional functionality: auto ignition of the burner; functions of self-diagnosis and selection of the optimal operating mode, flame modulation, etc. This type of automation is optional and is not used in some models.

The principle of operation of an electronic security system is based on the receipt of data from sensors, which are processed by a microprocessor-controlled controller. Based on the data received from the sensors and sensors, the controller issues commands to the actuators of the safety actuators.

The principle of operation of the mechanical automation of a gas boiler will be considered in more detail. The heating system does not work - the gas valve is closed. To start the boiler, the washer on the valve is squeezed out. This operation forcibly opens the valve, gas flows to the igniter. After ignition of the igniter, the thermocouple is heated. It generates enough voltage to operate the electromagnet, which keeps the gas valve open.

By turning the washer, the required boiler power is set: gas with the required pressure enters the burner - ignition occurs from the igniter. After starting the boiler plant, the thermostat takes over the control over the temperature of the coolant.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeK4dSo3B9Y Almost all safety systems for boiler equipment work according to this principle, regardless of the brand. When choosing this system for a boiler, it is recommended to pay attention to the equipment of the same brand as the boiler. For example, it is best to look for this particular brand of automation for BOSH gas boilers.

Functionality of the heating system security system

All important processes that take place in the boiler are under the control of the automation. Automation for gas heating boilers provides control over:

• Gas pressure. If it falls below the permissible value, the fuel supply to the burner stops. This is done automatically, thanks to a valve mechanism that is adjusted to a specific fuel pressure. In volatile safety modules, the maximum and minimum pressure switches are responsible for monitoring the gas pressure. These devices consist of a diaphragm with a stem. When the fuel pressure rises, the membrane bends and opens the power contacts of the boiler plant. When the pressure is normalized, the power contacts are set to the closed position.
• The presence of a flame in the burner. In the absence of a flame, the thermocouple cools down and stops producing the current required for the operation of the solenoid valve of the gas valve, which shuts off the fuel supply to the burner.
• The presence of a draft in the flue duct. With a decrease in thrust, the bimetallic plate of the sensor heats up and changes its shape. The rod connecting the sensor plate with the valve removes it from the operating state and the gas supply to the burner is stopped.
• The temperature of the coolant in the circuit. The thermostat is responsible for preventing overheating and maintaining the temperature of the coolant in the circuit.

Almost all modern security systems are equipped with control sensors and switches for the presence and pressure of the coolant in the system. This type of automation is most often implemented in volatile systems. Any automation can fail due to reasons of poor quality, improper operation and maintenance. Further, you can familiarize yourself with the typical malfunctions of the boiler automation and the methods of their self-elimination.

You should be aware that independent intervention in the design of gas installations is prohibited by law. That is why we strongly recommend that in the event of malfunctions in the heating system, contact specialists who have a state certificate for the right to carry out these works.

Departing from the topic, we want to inform you that we have prepared comparative reviews on gas boilers. You can familiarize yourself with them in the following materials:

The most popular models of safety systems for boiler equipment

Today, more than a dozen models of automation from different brands are presented on the Russian market of climatic equipment. The popularity of a particular brand entirely depends on the demand for heating installations of the same brand. Many owners of domestic boiler equipment ask how the automation works in the Lemax gas boiler? These installations use EvroSit automation from an Italian manufacturer. It is this automation system that is in first place in popularity among domestic manufacturers of heating devices.

The models of this line have good functionality and can be easily integrated into almost any boiler unit design. Standard functions: gas pressure control; control over the presence of a flame in the burner and on the igniter; control over the temperature of the coolant and the draft in the chimney. Using the automatics of this brand does not cause any particular difficulties for the owners, but it requires some skills.

1. Before starting the device, it is necessary to press the adjustment and ignition knob and at the same time the button of the piezoelectric element.
2. After igniting the igniter, it is necessary to keep the knob pressed for 5 to 10 seconds to heat the thermocouple.
3. If, after releasing the handle, the igniter is not extinguished, then you can proceed to turning the washer to adjust the gas pressure. After that, the main burner is ignited.

Automation of this brand is quite widespread in the Russian market of climatic technology due to its relatively low cost, good functionality and a wide range of models. Standard functionality: maintaining the coolant temperature in the range from 40 to 90 ° С; control over pressure and fuel supply; automatic stop of the device in case of absence or occurrence; control over the presence of a flame in the burner.

Today Rostov products are in demand by domestic users on a par with European models of automation due to their reliability and low cost. The functionality of automatic systems AOGV is also quite rich. The standard capabilities of this technique allow stopping the operation of the boiler unit in the event of the following situations: the temperature of the coolant exceeds the set level; blowing off the flame in the igniter and burner; low pressure and lack of coolant in the system; any failure in the gas supply system; decrease in fuel pressure below the established rate; in the absence or insufficient traction. How does the automation of a gas boiler work? The gas valve is controlled by the voltage generated by the thermocouple. It is this voltage that acts on the valve coil and keeps it open while the burner is on. Temperature regulation takes place by means of a thermostat and valves, which, when the temperature rises or falls, open or shut off the fuel entering the burner. The control over the removal of exhaust gases is carried out by a traction sensor. It is quite difficult to make the right choice of automation for gas boilers. We strongly recommend that you seek professional help.

When choosing a gas boiler for heating a country house or cottage, many factors must be taken into account: the area of ​​the house that needs to be heated, the number of circuits, the estimated consumption of hot water (in the case of a double-circuit boiler), the possibility of connecting a heated floor circuit, etc. In addition, one of the most important aspects that must be taken into account when choosing a boiler is the automation installed in it. In this article, we will analyze the main functions of automation systems that modern boilers have. This will help you understand what these functional modules do in practice, what you really need from this, and what is not worth paying extra money for.

All automation units for gas boilers can be conditionally divided into two groups:

• Protective automatics
• Automation for convenience

Protective automatics

Automation units from the first group, as the name implies, are designed to protect the boiler and the room in which it is installed. These devices stop the gas supply in the event of an emergency.

Gas control

This usually means "Flame control" burners. When the burner goes out, the gas supply must be interrupted. This is a basic protection function that is found in all boilers.

This automation module consists of two components: a gas supply valve and a thermocouple (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1 Thermocouple and solenoid valve

A thermocouple is a passive temperature sensor, i.e. does not require external power supply. It consists of two soldered conductors of different metals (Fig. 2.). When the soldering point is heated, a thermo-EMF is induced in the conductors, in other words, a small voltage arises, sufficient to open the gas supply solenoid valve.

Rice. 2 How the thermocouple works

That is why, when starting the boiler for the first time, you need to hold the ignition button for a few seconds - the time during which the thermocouple will have time to heat up and a voltage sufficient to maintain the gas valve in the open position will appear on it.

Do not confuse: in the description of the boiler, this automation unit is usually called "gas control", but it would be more correct to call this function "control of the presence of a flame", because other automation units, which we will consider below, can also switch off the gas supply in an emergency.

Boiler thermostat

A thermostat is a device necessary to maintain a given temperature of the coolant. It turns off the boiler when the set temperature is reached and turns on when the temperature drops below the set threshold. The thermostat handle has several modes, each mode corresponds to its own coolant temperature.

Rice. 3 Thermostat

If the boiler is electronically controlled, the temperature can be set using the user terminal and shown on the display.

The thermostat can be considered a device regulating the operation of the boiler, but it also performs protective functions: protection against overheating and freezing. This is achieved by the presence of high and low thresholds at the thermostat. When the temperature of the coolant reaches the upper alarm threshold, the boiler is turned off to avoid overheating. When the lower alarm threshold is reached, the boiler is turned on at maximum power so that the coolant does not freeze.

It should be borne in mind that if “thermostat” is written in the list of technical characteristics of the boiler, it means the presence of a regulating thermostat. An overheating protection function is available in any boiler, even if it is not separately indicated. But frost protection is present only in those boilers where this function is spelled out in the characteristics.

Traction control

The intensity of the draft must be sufficient to completely remove the combustion products from the room in which the boiler is installed. With insufficient traction, combustion products accumulate inside the room, which is dangerous to human health. When the draft control sensor is triggered (Fig. 4), a control signal is generated to stop the gas supply and turn off the boiler.

Fig 4. Traction control sensor

When installing the heating system, the draft is checked by a master, however, the draft may deteriorate during operation for many reasons (contamination of the chimney, etc.). Therefore, draft sensors are an important component of the boiler safety system.

Safety valve

Rice. 5 Safety valve

It is necessary to discharge excess coolant from the system when its pressure rises above the permissible limit. This situation is possible with a sharp increase in the temperature of the water (heat carrier) in the system. This can lead to damage to the boiler and other components of the heating system. Therefore, it is better to purchase a boiler with a built-in safety valve or install it separately.

Automatic air vent

During the commissioning of the heating system, air inevitably enters it, which can be quite difficult to get rid of. In addition, air can accumulate in the system and during operation. It interferes with the normal operation of the heating system, creates noise and bubbling in the pipes. The air vent (fig. 6) automatically releases all the air accumulated in the heating pipes. It cannot be called an obligatory node, but its presence in the system greatly simplifies the life of the user. Therefore, the best solution would be to choose a boiler with a built-in air vent.

Rice. 6 Air vent

Automatic transition from an external power source to an autonomous one when the power supply is cut off in the network

This function is only relevant for volatile boilers. If the external supply voltage fails, the boiler can be powered for some time from the backup battery. Automatic input of backup power is especially important if the boiler is often left unattended by the owners. For example, in the case of a country house, where the owners come only for the weekend.

After considering the automation modules belonging to the first group, only one conclusion can be drawn: you should not skimp on safety. When choosing a gas boiler, make sure that it has all the necessary protective functions. If some of the modules are missing, and the boiler where they are is much more expensive - find out if it is possible to deliver these modules to the heating system separately. Perhaps this will save you money.

Automation for convenience

The second group includes modules that allow you to completely or partially relieve the user of participation in the boiler control process. This automation ensures the selection of the optimal operating modes of the boiler, increasing its efficiency and energy saving.

Auto ignition

The auto-ignition boiler allows the ignition of the pilot burner in automatic mode. In order to ignite the boiler without auto-ignition, the user usually has to press the piezo ignition button and hold it for a while, after which the igniter is on all the time. In a self-ignited boiler, the pilot burner is turned off when not needed and automatically turned on when needed. This makes the boiler more economical and more reliable.

Flame modulation

The presence of the flame modulation function makes it possible to automatically smoothly regulate the boiler power depending on the temperature that must be maintained in the room and the current consumption of hot water (in the case of a double-circuit boiler). In order for the user to set the desired room temperature, the boiler must have a mechanical or electronic (more often) setpoint. Also, the system must have a room temperature sensor to provide feedback. Read more about smooth regulation in automation systems. ... Such regulation provides the most economical boiler operation mode.

Boiler self-diagnosis

The "Autodiagnostics" module collects data on the operation of all sensors and actuators of the boiler, generates errors in the event of a malfunction of any of the units and displays them on the display in the form of a numerical code or in text form. For example:

“Error No. 04 No flame” or “Error No. 06 Temperature sensor error (hot water)“.

The "autodiagnostics" module is very useful in diagnosing boiler malfunctions. However, this module is optional. You should not choose a boiler with
"Autodiagnostics", if this significantly increases its cost in comparison with a similar boiler, which does not have this module. In the event of a breakdown, you still have to call a qualified technician to fix the problem. The diagnostic module, of course, will help the master in his work, but the cost of repairs will not decrease from this.

Gas boiler programmer

Rice. 7 Programmer

The programmer allows you to set a schedule of operating modes for a day, a week, etc. This saves energy consumption whenever possible. For example, it is helpful to lower the temperature in the house during the day when everyone is at work or at night to help you sleep better. Conversely, the boiler can automatically warm up the room by the time the owners arrive.

External boiler control

This function allows organizing external control of the boiler, makes it possible to integrate the boiler into smart home systems, organize remote control and monitor key indicators using an external GSM module. This function also usually provides for the ability to connect additional equipment (room and outdoor temperature sensors, thermostat, weekly programmer, etc.). If you do not plan to connect external control, there is no point in overpaying for this function.

Domestic heating units using natural and liquefied gas do not need constant monitoring by users. The combustion and maintenance of the required temperature of the coolant is monitored by electronic and mechanical units installed in any heat generator by the manufacturer. Our task is to explain how the automation for a gas boiler works and what types of devices are used in modern water heating installations.

The overwhelming majority of boiler plants of this type are equipped with safety automatics operating without an external power supply (non-volatile). According to the requirements of regulatory documents, automation equipment must shut off the gas supply to the burner and igniter in three emergency cases:

1. Attenuation of the main burner flame due to blowing out or for other reasons.
2. When natural draft is absent or sharply reduced in the chimney.
3. The drop in pressure of natural gas in the main pipeline is below the critical level.

For reference. The implementation of the listed functions is mandatory for all types of gas boilers. Many manufacturers add a fourth safety step - overheating protection. When the temperature of the coolant reaches 90 ° C, the valve stops supplying gas to the main burner on a signal from the sensor.

In various models of gas from different manufacturers, non-volatile automation of the following types (brands) is used:

• Italian blocks EuroSIT (Eurosit) of the 630, 710 and 820 NOVA series (heating units "Lemax", "Zhytomyr 3", Aton and many others);
• Polish devices "KARE" (heat generators "Danko", "Rivneterm");
• American automatic control devices Honeywell (heaters of the Zhukovsky plant of the "Comfort" line);
• domestic products made by ZhMZ, SABK, Orion, Arbat.

Fuel supply system in the simplest AOGV devices equipped with ZhMZ valves. The burner is hidden in the lower part of the body.

We have listed the most common brands of automation, which are often installed on hot water boilers from one company. For example, the Zhukovsky plant equips budget versions of AOGV devices with its own ZhMZ safety units, heat generators of the middle price category with EuroSIT devices, and powerful models with automatic Honeywell valves. Let's consider each group separately.

SIT Group brand gas valves

Of all types of automation found in boiler installations, EuroSIT safety units are the most popular and reliable in operation. They are recommended by companies - suppliers of natural fuel, including for replacing old gas equipment of boilers KChM, AGV, and so on. They work without problems in the composition of microflame burners Polidoro, Iskra, Vakula, Thermo and others.

The exact names of the three models used are as follows:

• 630 SIT;
• 710 MiniSIT;
• 820 NOVA.

Thermocouple, main and pilot burner connections are located on the bottom panel

For reference. The SIT Group discontinued production of the 630 and 710 series, considering them obsolete. It was replaced by a new safety automation for heating boilers - gas valves 820 NOVA, 822 NOVA, 840 SIGMA and 880 Proflame (battery operated). But old products are not hard to find on sale.

In order not to bore you with the details of the design of automatic EuroSIT devices, we will briefly explain the principle of operation using the example of the simplest block of the 630 series:

Note. Older modifications of automation were not equipped with temperature sensors and ignition units, therefore matches were required to start the heat generator.

Connection diagram of the automation unit to the gas burner device

A diaphragm valve, which plays the role of a pressure regulator, is responsible for the normal gas supply in the device. When it falls below the set value, the fuel channel is closed and the boiler is shut down. Other situations also lead to failure:

1. The burner and the thermocouple heating wick are extinguished. The generation of voltage is stopped, the solenoid valve closes the fuel passage.
2. If the draft in the chimney suddenly disappears, the sensor placed in this channel overheats and breaks the power supply circuit of the electromagnet. The result is the same - the fuel supply is blocked.
3. In heaters equipped with overheating sensors, the electric circuit is broken after the water reaches a temperature of 90-95 ° C.

Automation for a gas boiler is divided into two main types:

• Non-volatile mechanical structures. They are simple yet highly efficient. Such automation reacts to changes in the temperature of the water in the system.
• Volatile electronic devices. This is equipment that operates from an external source of energy, be it a network or a generator. This group includes a host of innovative developments designed to make the boiler your everyday companion.

Let's consider separately each of these groups.

Mechanical automation

Mechanical automation has a number of advantages. Firstly, this equipment, as already mentioned, is distinguished by its simplicity of design. Because of this, it is very reliable and practically does not break. And in the event of a failure, the mechanical automation is easily repaired or replaced with a new one without significant losses for the family budget.

Secondly, such automation is notable for its low cost, which is reflected in the cost of the boiler. It is self-contained in its application, since it does not require external power supplies.

The mechanical automation for the gas boiler is set manually. The specialist sets the temperature range of the coolant. This kind of automation works according to a simple principle. The temperature controller starts working immediately after ignition and reacts to changes in the parameters of the coolant. If the temperature of the water in the system drops, then the automation opens an additional gas supply to the main burner.

The design of the thermostat implies the presence of a rod made of a special material that reacts to a decrease or increase in the temperature of the coolant. In the process of changing the parameters of the coolant, the thermostat is lengthened or shortened, while regulating the gas supply to the main burner.

Often, a draft and flame sensor is included in the set of mechanical automation. These units are very important for the safe functioning of the boiler. They turn off the gas supply in the event that the burner flame dies out or the draft level decreases. These sensors are often bimetallic plates that change their shape under the influence of temperature, thereby regulating the flow of fuel in the system.

Electronic automation

Electronic automation for a gas boiler is distinguished by its complexity of structures and a variety of functions performed, among which it is worth noting the following:

• Creation of safe conditions for the operation of heating equipment;
• Providing maximum comfort in a heated room;
• Increasing the efficiency of the system;
• Improving environmental performance;
• Boiler operation programming depending on the time of day or day of the week;
• Weather-dependent regulation of the boiler operation;
• Automation of control of various circuits of the heating system;
• Heating of the coolant for household needs.

All modern electronic devices operate on the basis of the electromagnetic valve principle, which is controlled by a microprocessor unit. Boilers with such gas automatics are equipped with a special display, with the help of which one or another mode is selected. Compliance with the conditions specified by the user will be "monitored" by gas automatics for boilers.

The standard list of functions that such equipment performs is as follows:

• Automatic boiler start-up;
• Burner power control based on information provided by built-in sensors;
• Stopping equipment;
• Emergency stop of equipment in case of identifying a specific problem.

In addition, some manufacturers, seeking to expand the functionality of the equipment they offer, complete it with an "antifreeze" system, protection against jamming of the pump and three-way valve, a system for diagnosing problems and pump run-out. Among the most common components of electronic automation for a gas boiler, an electronic controller, a gas pressure switch, gas fittings, valves, and a display should be distinguished. In some cases, advanced technology is completed with a pressure switch and a water level sensor.

Non-volatile boilers are not as expensive as those equipped with electronics. That is why a potential buyer, before making a final choice, needs to decide what he expects from a gas boiler. If you nevertheless decide to purchase a volatile unit that is able to give you maximum comfort, then make sure that you can provide the boiler with uninterrupted power supply from the network or from a generator. Otherwise, the technology simply will not be able to continuously perform the functions assigned to it.

Types of automation for gas heating boilers

Attention! This system provides for the possibility of connecting a room thermostat, with the help of which the set temperature in the heated room is automatically provided.

The functions of modern automatic control systems have long been not limited to monitoring the start and stop of the boiler, but also effectively provide diagnostics, signaling and power control of the heating installation.

The operation of absolutely any heating equipment is based on a uniform and constant supply of fuel. This is especially true for equipment operating on natural gas, since there are problems with gas pressure in domestic supply networks. That is why it is important that all processes occurring in the boiler, and in particular, the gas supply to the burner, is monitored by the automation.

What types of automation exist

All products that are currently produced in the category "automatic control systems for heating boilers" are divided into only two groups, namely:

• Volatile types.
• Non-volatile types.

Volatile ones need electricity with a voltage of 12 V to work, while the second type works without it.

Volatile automation

Volatile automatic devices for heating gas boilers are electronic devices, the task of which is mainly to regulate the supply of natural gas by closing or opening a tap. This device is quite complex, and manufacturers give it a number of additional functions. So, what is the automatic electronic network capable of doing:

• Visually show the operation of the boiler itself, the temperature of the heated water, and so on.
• In case of a programmed mode or in case of emergency, stop the operation of the boiler.
• Using the installed temperature sensor, regulate the burner power.
• Start the boiler in automatic mode.
• Open or close the gas supply valve.

• It independently diagnoses heating, and identifies malfunctions of parts and elements.
• Protects the heating system if the three-way valve is out of order.
• Protects the heating system from freezing. In the event of a sharp drop in temperature inside the house, the automation quickly starts up the heating boiler.
• Manages and monitors the operation of the pump.

So it turns out that this type is a safety automation for gas heating boilers. It is the use of these blocks that guarantees that the boiler will operate without surges, smoothly, in compliance with the exact temperature regime, and at the same time will not create problems during long-term use.

Particular attention should be paid to the diagnostic system. Its presence allows you to prevent the occurrence of serious malfunctions. Accordingly, this allows you to save a lot on equipment overhaul.

Today the market offers various volatile devices. These are both programmable blocks and ordinary ones that do not have program control. The convenience of the former is that you can set the required temperature regime for a long period of time, on the order of a week. Having looked at the weather forecast, you can set the required temperature for each of the following days, which will allow you to maintain a comfortable temperature regime in the house. In addition, these blocks allow you to program the temperature for day and night.

Non-volatile automation

Non-volatile types of automation include mechanical devices for monitoring and regulating gas combustion in heating boilers. When it is necessary to choose from two groups of automation, many consumers give preference to the mechanical version. What is the reason?

• These designs are the cheapest.
• They have a manual setting, and this allows even people who are poorly versed in this to understand the regulation.
• The autonomy of such units, since they do not need a network connection to work. Even if the electricity is turned off for a certain period, it will be easy to regulate the gas boiler.

What is the essence of manual tuning? The instrument has a temperature scale from minimum to maximum. When you set the regulator needle to a certain level, you set it to the boiler. After the boiler is ignited, a thermostat comes into play, which will regulate the set temperature level by opening or closing the fuel supply valve.

The thermocouple for a gas boiler built into the heat exchanger directly touches the coolant, and includes a special rod, which is made of a material that reacts to temperature changes. Basically, the material for it is Invar, which is an alloy of nickel and iron. Under the influence of temperature, the rod begins to lengthen or shorten. It is connected to a valve, which, under the influence of this rod, regulates the gas supply to the burner.

Today, manufacturers add two sensors to the mechanical automation unit:

• Flame sensor.
• Traction sensor.

Both devices immediately turn off the gas supply to the boiler if the pressure in the pipe drops sharply, or the draft suddenly drops in the chimney. The design of these sensors is based on the bending of a thin plate made of an alloy of two metals. For example, if the temperature is high, the plate flexes and keeps the valve open. As soon as the flame has decreased, the plate straightens and closes the valve. The same thing happens in a chimney with a draft sensor.

Automatic multiblocks

Today, thanks to scientific and technological progress, we can use devices that, despite their compact size, have wide functionality. This also applies to automation for gas boilers. Manufacturers offer users multiblocks that include:

• Burner valve. Typically this device has a two-stage action.
• Gas pressure stabilizing device.
• Traction sensor.
• Thermal sensor.
• Thermostat.
• Combined gas valve.

Pay attention to the first valve. This device works in conjunction with a thermostat, which, using a temperature sensor directly in the heating circuit, controls the temperature of the coolant. A mini-block of this type can be paired with a thermostat installed in the room. The thermostat controls the air temperature and, accordingly, the temperature regime for the gas boiler. The use of such a bundle helps to regulate the operation of the heating boiler much more accurately.

Installation methods

• Wireless blocks.
• Wired blocks.

What is the difference is easy to understand from the name itself. Wired units use wires or cables to connect to the boiler. This applies in particular to thermostats and sensors. If the installation is carried out in an already finished house, this option is not the best, since for installation you will need to do open or hidden wiring. If the hidden option is chosen, then it will be necessary to groove the walls, which will bring unnecessary costs. The wireless option is a much better solution, but it also costs more.

If the article turned out to be useful, as a thank you use one of the buttons below - this will slightly increase the rating of the article. After all, it is so difficult to find something worthwhile on the Internet. Thanks!