Even a child knows what ladders are for. They enable a person and his pets to go up and down from one floor to another. There are quite a lot of staircase structures, and it is not at all easy to figure out which staircase is better in the house. Their choice is influenced by several factors at once, which must be taken into account. An important point is that it is necessary to decide on the type and material for the stairs at the design stage in order to avoid possible mistakes.

What stairs should be

There are several basic requirements that must be met when designing and installing a staircase in a residential building:

• maximum reliability;
• safety of approach and movement;
• convenient location of the railings;
• the correct ratio of the width and height of the steps;
• safe slope;
• adequate lighting.

It must be remembered that a staircase is a traumatic structure, so the best option for a house would be a flight of stairs with a handrail, the priority function of which would be safety rather than aesthetics. And ideally a combination of them.

Which staircase to choose

Today the market provides almost unlimited possibilities for choosing staircase structures. The main thing is not to get confused and take into account all the important points. The emphasis should be on the shape of the stairs, which depends on:

• location;
• driving directions;
• capital structure;
• placement area in the plan;
• the size of the staircase in the ceiling.

Thinking about the question of which staircase is better in the house, you should pay attention to the fact that the following types of stairs are the most popular among the owners of multi-level apartments and private households:

• straight one-march. They allow you to move up and down without changing direction or stopping. They require a lot of space to install. And they will be convenient only if the number of steps in the march does not exceed 18 pieces, and their height is 17 cm;
• two-march. If there are more than 18 steps on the stairs, then it is divided into two marches, between which a platform is mounted. The design itself can be straight, L-shaped with a turn of 90 degrees or U-shaped with a turn of 180 degrees. As well as a single-flight staircase, a two-flight staircase takes up a lot of space and is not suitable for small rooms;
• rotary, or cross-country. Such structures save some space due to the fact that they are installed, as a rule, along the walls, and under them they arrange places for rest, work or storage rooms. A distinctive feature of winder stairs is the absence of intermediate platforms in the presence of turns by 90 or 180 degrees;
• screw. They are the most compact. These stairs will be the best option for small spaces. But do not forget that they are not safe for the elderly and babies. It is also inconvenient to carry furniture along them;
• modular on stringer or bolts. Despite the graceful appearance, such stairs are strong enough and do not impede the penetration of light. But, despite their spectacularity and unusualness, they, like screw ones, are unsafe for old people and children.

What features need to be considered

Each type of staircase has its own specific nuances and features. The inconvenience of spiral staircases dictates their installation as additional structures for lifting to another level, attic or for descending into the basement.

It is recommended to fasten the ladders on the bolts to the load-bearing walls on one side using special brackets, which gives additional strength. Marching stairs will be much more convenient if the platforms between them are placed every 10 degrees.

If there is too little space for the stairs or the opening in the ceiling cannot be made of a sufficient size, then the angle of inclination of the stairs relative to the horizontal surface can be increased. In this case, the installation of steps called "duck step" is provided.

A staircase without risers will look easier, but if there are kids in the house or their appearance is planned in the future, then it will be better to make the steps deaf.

In fact, there are many options for making a comfortable and safe staircase structure. It all depends on the specific room and people living in the house. And if the owner is confused and doubts the chosen design, then it is better to consult with knowledgeable specialists.

The question "which staircase to stay on" during the construction of a residential building, be it a small summer cottage or a solid cottage, arises for every developer. The choice of stairs is carried out considering the following parameters - the beauty of the product, cost, originality, reliability, durability. In almost the same order, developers determine the importance of parameters. As professionals, we still recommend putting the reliability of the structure first, and then everything else.

If we compare the construction of wooden or metal stairs, then:

The complexity of designing wooden or metal stairs with modern software tools is almost the same.

Making individual metal stairs is much more difficult.

Installation of metal stairs is more time consuming.

It would seem that with the same cost and beauty, the choice should be for wooden products, but still, the main advantage of metal stairs or stairs on a metal frame is reliability and durability, and these indicators are the most important.

Reliability can be judged by an example: stairs made on a stringer from a profile pipe 100x50, on a span of 2.5 meters, are able to withstand a load of up to 800 kg without consequences, while wooden counterparts are better not to be tested with such loads. Of course, it is unlikely that eight hundred-kilogram guests will be present on the stairs at the same time, but still it is better to have a good margin of safety, including for lifting weights to the second floor. Made exactly according to the project, by qualified workers, metal stairs or stairs on a metal frame will be absolutely reliable and durable.

You can decorate the metal frame of the stairs with any materials - wood, glass, ceramics, plastic, stainless steel and glass fences are very popular. There are many options, and almost all components, from steps to various plugs, are quite affordable. Metal staircases decorated with wood look soft and warm, staircases with stainless steel look bright and modern, staircases, where the metal frame is closed with marble or granite steps, emphasize the solidity of the premises. In all variants, design solutions should be based on correct calculation, design and quality manufacturing.

We constantly focus on the correct execution of work. The correct calculation must ensure strength under possible loads, the correct design must accurately fit the staircase into the openings and fulfill the conditions for convenient movement, and finally, only with the correct and qualified manufacture, the result can be a staircase with ideal geometric dimensions.

The metal frame of the stairs is a rather difficult product to manufacture. During production, a jig-jig is required, welding is carried out only by inverter semiautomatic devices, the qualification of the welder must be sufficiently high. Judge for yourself - when welding, as you know, the metal "leads", i.e. some geometrical dimensions and directions change. This is unacceptable for a staircase built into a certain place, therefore, work technologies must be strictly followed, the equipment must be professional.

By purchasing a ladder on a metal frame, you can be sure that this product will delight you with its beauty and provide the required reliability for a long time... What changes can happen with time with wooden stairs, it is better to find out from independent experts.

It all depends on what quality product you expect to see (and observe for many years) in your home. If you are not confused by errors in the form of undergrinding, gaps between parts, squeaks when walking, poor-quality painting, cheap glue

etc., but for a small price, then you will be quite satisfied with the economy option from stores that provide a number of construction services.

If you are pretentious about the quality of materials, assembly, painting, you are one hundred percent client of furniture salons and professional manufacturers who control the manufacturing process from the stage of measurements, drawings and design to installation and delivery of the object to the customer.

So, let's consider a cheaper option. You go to a store where you can buy everything for repair, construction, etc., buy parts for your future stairs and start fooling around with this "constructor" (either yourself, if you have the necessary tools, or hired installers). And it seems that the house has a full-fledged staircase instead of a stepladder, but where do unexpected and unpleasant “surprises” come from (cracks, creaks, etc.)?

All this is very simply explained. If you ordered a ladder from professionals, you would get the following benefits:

• at your facility, they will make all the necessary measurements, taking into account all the nuances: the features of the frame, the placement of windows, etc.;
• you will be provided with drawings, the type of stairs, design, material, color and, of course, production time will be agreed with you;
• the material will be sanded to a shine (not only on the machine, but also by hand);
• all the details of the staircase will retain their appearance, since they will be made from cut timber glued with high-quality glue;
• you will also see your staircase in a draft (during pre-assembly) and at this stage you will be able to correct some of the nuances;
• during the rough assembly, the craftsmen will trim parts taking into account uneven walls, frame errors, etc.;
• after that, the parts are sanded and painted again. Painting will be multi-stage using high-quality paints and varnishes;
• and now this product of great labor will be brought to the installation ... Rich and luxurious, it will delight you, evoke a feeling of delight among your guests.

Is all this available in an economy version?

Draw conclusions, make up your mind and order from the professionals!

Most Popular

Safety: how to close the stairs from the child

When a child first gets to his feet and takes his first steps, he begins an exciting journey around the house. On his way, new items are encountered. They, of course, are very interesting for a little person, but, moreover, they can be extremely unsafe for his health.

Which staircase to choose metal or wooden?

The staircase structure should be designed even before the construction of internal partitions begins, taking into account the material from which the house is built, the size of the opening, the distance between the floors and the location of the structure. What product to put in a living space so that it fits well into the interior, is practical and durable?

In this article, we want to tell you the advantages and disadvantages of stairs. Let's take a closer look at this issue together - which staircase is better: concrete, metal or wooden... The advantages of concrete stairs are in the first place when building a new house, since when designing an object, the architect already knows in advance where and how the stairs will be installed. Usually, preference is given to flights of stairs made in the factory, where all technologies and processes have already been followed.

The pluses of concrete stairs include:

Fast erection;

Finishing with any materials;

Simplicity of design.

But the situation does not always allow us to establish a prefabricated staircase. At facilities where the overall dimensions of the opening do not allow to fit a typical staircase made at the factory, people fill in and reinforce the staircase on their own according to their size and requirements.

In such situations, the disadvantages of concrete stairs appear: it is difficult to pour the correct step of the steps and the correct angle of rotation.

We boldly put stairs on a metal frame in second place. Metal stairs have more advantages than concrete ones, since the stairs can be given any shape. The employees of ALC "Sand City" have experience in the manufacture of ladders from metal of the most diverse configuration - one-march, two-march with transition platforms, ladders with a run, cantilever, spiral and bowstring.

In our practice, most often, customers order only metal frames for stairs in order to calmly lift building materials to the upper floors at the line stage. As temporary steps, you can use any available materials that can fully and functionally fulfill the role of a support for a person - board, plywood, etc.

Categorically We do not recommend applying expensive paintwork to this metal frame of the stairs, since during the operation of the ladder by the builders, it will come into an unusable appearance. It is best to install the metal frame of the stairs in a primed form, and carry out a full-fledged painting after all construction and installation work on the upper floors. And believe me, no one will take care of your staircase as you will.

After the completion of construction and installation work, wooden steps and risers are laid on the metal frames of the stairs, made by the employees of the Sandy City ALC.

Or concrete solution is poured into the steps and tiles are laid. If desired, the metal frame of the stairs from the side (back) can be completely sewn up with wood or using gypsum plasterboards. In the now popular loft style, this is not necessary.

We recommend installing stair railings and railings for internal stairs after all finishing work has been completed.

The third place belongs to wooden stairs. Let's not argue that wood is an environmentally friendly material. But it's very expensive. Also, a couple of months after installation, the wooden staircase starts to creak. With temperature drops, it can behave in an unpredictable way, which means that a constant temperature and humidity must be maintained in the room. In addition, a wooden staircase requires expensive maintenance.

Ultimately, it's up to you - what kind of stairs you want to see in your house. If you decide to opt for a metal staircase, then you can order a metal staircase to the second floor in Minsk at the Sandy City ALC. Call and get advice from professionals.

When building a multi-storey building, it is worth considering the entire project as a whole. Particular attention must be paid to the stairs, since some models of these products are best mounted as the house is being built.

In this regard, a natural question arises: "Which staircase to choose?" Thanks to modern materials, you can easily build a wooden, metal or concrete staircase of almost any shape. It is necessary to take into account not only the cost of the staircase itself, but also the cost of finishing it. Therefore, we will consider all the pros and cons of products from the most common materials, as well as the shape of the stairs.

Staircase types

There are three main types of stairs that are erected in country houses:

• Straight. This is the simplest and cheapest option for arranging a staircase, regardless of what material it is made of. A free space is formed under the stairs, which can be left unchanged or filled with niches and lockers for storing things. As a rule, the width of such a staircase does not exceed 1 meter. Also, a straight staircase allows you to build the most comfortable steps, of optimal width (slightly longer than the foot of an adult).
• Marching. In this case, a straight zone appears between the two stairways. Such structures are optimal for spacious rooms with high ceilings or if the house is supposed to have more than 2 floors. The ladder can be L-shaped or U-shaped.
• Screw. This is an option for small areas.

All these stairs can be made from metal, concrete or wood.

Metal stairs

Such stairs fit perfectly into the design, which has forged fences, railings, and more. But they also go well with wood, glass, stone. These are reliable, durable and very durable structures. They are able to withstand heavy loads, and the installation of such products is carried out at any stage of construction or after its completion. The metal is fireproof, mold and mildew resistant. In addition, these stairs are the cheapest.

But such designs also have disadvantages. For example, if we are talking about a metal staircase without any finishing, then its steps will be very slippery. Therefore, these elements are recommended to be made of plastic or wood. And if you think that, unlike a wooden structure, it does not creak, then you are greatly mistaken.

Helpful! Powder coated steel ladders last the longest.

Firstly, if the metal is too thin, then the steps will bend a little under the weight of a person. Secondly, if the steps are metal, then each step will be accompanied by a hum. If the fastening to the walls was not sufficiently rigid or the welding pumped up, then the steps will creak more trenchant than any tree.

This option may seem cheaper initially. Concrete stairs really cost almost half the price of wooden counterparts. But if you build such a structure, then it will not look comfortable. So you have to think about finishing. Some even completely sheathed concrete with wood, which significantly increases the cost of the finished product.

If we talk about the pros, then it is worth highlighting:

• Long service life (up to 40 years). Reinforced concrete is capable of handling enormous loads.

Helpful! The service life largely depends on the climate in the region of residence, as well as on the parameters of frost resistance of the selected concrete.

• Concrete is not affected by moisture. It is a fire resistant material.
• Concrete structures are not interesting for rodents and insects.
• Fast production. Such structures are erected directly on site in 2-3 days.

Helpful! Despite the speed of manufacturing such a staircase, experts recommend pouring concrete simultaneously with the construction of an interfloor floor or a so-called box.

• No stress on the wall structure. Moreover, it can be said that a concrete staircase is an additional fulcrum.
• No squeak. Even if wood was used for decoration, there should not be such a drawback. A squeak will appear only if the steps are too uneven.
• Variety of forms. Concrete is a very flexible material.

Helpful! If you build a wooden spiral staircase, you will have to install a central support post. In the manufacture of a concrete structure, such a need is eliminated.

Concrete stairs are:

• Monolithic. In this case, they are poured in place and represent a single whole.
• National teams. You can order the ladder in parts and then install it in the desired place.

But such designs also have disadvantages. For example,:

• Concrete stairs, due to their impressive weight, are only suitable for stone, monolithic, brick, prefabricated monolithic and other houses with a reinforced structure.
• If the entire staircase is sheathed with wood or "ennobled" it with marble or other stone, then its cost will be higher than its wooden counterpart.

It will also take a lot of effort for self-erection.

Features of the installation of a concrete staircase

First you need to prepare the formwork. After that, the reinforcement is installed and concrete is poured. The first stage is considered the most difficult, and if you have conceived a more complex form, then it will be easier to transfer the work to the master. Or you can make a straight one-march structure located between two walls. In this case, the side elements of the formwork are excluded, which greatly simplifies the work. To do this, it is enough just to draw the outline of the future staircase on the walls.

Slightly more difficult if the structure is adjacent to the wall on one side only. To do this, you will have to think over the end elements of the formwork. If you do them incorrectly, then the whole structure will "go".

Many believe that wood is significantly inferior to concrete and metal. But in reality it all depends on the quality of the wood. For example, oak, beech and ash are very hard. These staircases last at least 50 years. And if the owner of the house periodically takes care of the stairs and makes processing, then this period can be doubled.

Helpful! Due to their low weight, wooden stairs are suitable not only for concrete, but also for frame and wooden houses.

It is also not entirely true that all wooden stairs creak. If the structure is made using all technologies, then there will be no such disadvantages. By the way, the best quality ladders are produced in the workshop, not on site. First, a drawing is developed (if the elements do not match each other at least a little, then sooner or later there will be creaks and cracks) and then the production process begins. On the one hand, this guarantees quality, and on the other, it brings us to the main disadvantages of such products.

Among them it is worth highlighting:

• Long term of production. If the concrete staircase is ready in 2-3 days, then the production of the wooden structure will take at least 40 days, plus the time spent on delivery and installation.
• The possibility of installation only after the completion of capital construction and internal rough work. Otherwise, there is a risk of damaging the wood. In addition, it will be affected by dust, construction debris.
• Additional stress on the walls. Although wood weighs less than concrete, it does not have its own support. In addition, special embedded elements will have to be installed in the bearing walls, which will reduce their strength characteristics.
• Fire hazard.

In addition, rodents and insects love to feast on wood. If the room is poorly ventilated, then mold and mildew will start in it.

Features of mounting wooden stairs

In short, it all starts with drawing up a detailed drawing. After that, steps are cut, which are connected to two bowstrings. On the next one, the bars are installed, which these steps must support.

Although the tree does not need additional finishing, it is better to paint it. To do this, you must first level the surfaces. If necessary, use a special wood filler. When the putty layer is dry, it is necessary to sand the surfaces well. This is done in two stages.

At first, the work is carried out using coarse sandpaper, then more delicate processing is performed. The smoother the surface, the better the entire staircase will look, so a lot of attention is paid to this stage.

After that, the tree is impregnated with compounds that will help protect it from insects, fungus and mold. At the next stage, it is advisable to cover the surface of the stairs with a primer (selected in accordance with the final color).

Helpful! Special paint for wooden stairs is also necessary. You need to buy formulations of the alkyd or urethane type.

If there is no desire to paint the stairs and you want to preserve the beautiful structure of the tree, then you can emphasize it and protect the material from external influences with the help of wood stain.

In custody

The quality of the ladder directly depends on the craftsman who made it. It often happens that even concrete stairs begin to creak. For example, if the steps turned out to be uneven, and wood was used as a finishing material, such products are guaranteed to play.

The basis of any staircase structure is its functionality and aesthetics. The practical component is paramount. But appearance also plays a significant role.

The material from which the structure is made affects both its technical parameters and design. Consider the questions of which staircase is better: metal or wood, what is affected by the use of each of these materials, and where it is better to use such a structure.

According to their purpose, all stairs can be divided into:

• Input;
• Interfloor;
• Checkpoints;
• Workers.

By location, they can be external or internal, by functionality:

• Stationary;
• Portable;
• Transformable.

Ladders differ in material of manufacture:

• Concrete;
• Natural stone;
• Brick;
• Wooden;
• Metallic;
• Glass;
• Combined.

• Screw;
• Marching;
• Combined.

Marching stairs are the most common use.

They are easy to manufacture and can be:

• Single-march;
• Two-marching;
• Multi-march.

Screws are more suitable when you need to save space in the room.

Combined options are often chosen for individual projects.

Stair constructions

Structurally, the staircase consists of:

• Carrying system;
• Steps;
• Fencing.

The following can act as a load-bearing element:

• Kosoura;
• Bowstrings;
• Boltsy;
• Racks.

Kosoura are solid support beams, the steps are attached to them from above. On kosoura, marching wooden stairs are most often made.

Bowstrings have special grooves on the inside, where steps are inserted.

Bolts can serve as fastening steps to the wall, and also fasten them together.

Center pillars usually have spiral staircases.

Metal supports are most suitable for spiral and curved staircases.

Stair rails consist of:

• Railings or handrails;
• Supporting and intermediate posts or balusters;
• Decorative items.

Each of the elements of the staircase has its own requirements. In addition, the entire staircase structure must also meet a number of conditions.

Basic requirements for the material of the stairs

The main requirements that the material of the staircase must meet:

• Strength;
• Moisture resistance;
• Durability;
• Chemical resistance;
• Resistance to weathering;
• Fire safety;
• Ease of installation;
• Ecological cleanliness;
• Ease of use;
• Easy to care for;
• Aesthetic appeal.

Additionally, the steps must be highly abrasion resistant and have a non-slip surface.

In addition, the cost of the staircase is of great importance.

The strength of the staircase

In terms of strength characteristics, wood is significantly inferior to metal. However, valuable types of wood have sufficient strength required for the normal operation of the staircase.

The hardest rocks are:

• Maple.

Of the other options, it is better to choose larch, which is stronger than pine and other soft tree species.

In terms of the strength of the connection of individual elements, wooden structures are also inferior to metal ones. Over time, the tree dries up, the joints loosen.

A metal ladder does not have this problem. The construction of the stairs made of metal has:

• Reliability;
• Sustainability;
• Rigidity.

The exception is aluminum. It is a fairly soft material, it can deform easily.

Moisture resistance of staircase elements

Exposure to moisture is equally destructive for untreated wood and ordinary steel. All wooden elements must be protected from water using special means:

• Moisture resistant impregnation;
• Paints;
• Lakov.

For outdoor use of wooden stairs, such protection is required. It will need to be constantly updated. For example, beech is not resistant to moisture, it can deform, and larch does not rot.

Modern production technologies make it possible to produce wood-based materials that are reliably protected from the harmful effects of water. For example, wood-polymer composite.

Ordinary steel is absolutely not resistant to corrosion and requires mandatory processing. So that rust does not reduce the strength characteristics of the metal structure, it is necessary to paint the metal with special compounds. In addition, the metal will need constant maintenance to maintain the appearance of the ladder and increase its lifespan.

Resistant to corrosion are:

• Stainless steel;
• Aluminum;
• Chrome plated steel.

If the construction of the staircase is not assembled on welded joints, then of these types of metal, the systems can be used outdoors for a very long time.

But if welding is used, then the joints of the elements require special attention. They must be thoroughly cleaned and coated with protective compounds.

Durability

Wooden stairs can last a long time. The magnificent stairwells in many historic buildings are prime examples.

But this requires the use of valuable types of wood, which are perfectly prepared, well dried, processed with special compounds from:

• Rotting;
• Mold;
• Fungi;
• Insects;
• Rodents.

In addition, appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity conditions are required. In the future, the finished structure must be constantly maintained in an aesthetically pleasing form.

Exterior wooden stairs that have not been properly and properly processed quickly lose their normal appearance.

Sometimes it is no longer possible to restore it. Of the metals, stainless steel has the longest life.

Regular profiled steel will last longer than wood.

But it also requires special treatment and subsequent care.

Resistance of materials to aggressive and atmospheric influences

If we compare the resistance of wood and metal in relation to aggressive and atmospheric influences, then metal structures have higher technical indicators.

The tree is very susceptible to most acids, alkalis and other adverse factors.

Fire safety staircase system

If we consider the issue of fire safety of wood and metal, then it is definitely not decided in favor of wooden structures.

Wooden staircases in the building should be located away from any possible ignition sources. Even processing them with special fire retardants does not give a complete guarantee of fire safety.

Metal structures resist high temperatures much longer. Of course, they also lose their technical characteristics as a result of prolonged exposure to open fire. But in the process of a fire, the metal does not emit combustion products, smoke does not occur from it.

In order to reliably protect the metal structures of the stairs, they are covered with special fire retardants and paints.

Ease of material handling and construction installation

Wood is much easier to work with than metal. For this reason, you can independently make a larger number of shapes, sizes, decorative elements from it.

With metal, everything is more complicated. In the factory, it is very flexible and can be performed:

• Profile products;
• Casting;
• Forging.

But all these will be ready-made parts, or separate modules, from which you can assemble not so many staircase options with your own hands. As a rule, they are accompanied by the manufacturer's instructions.

The production of individual designs to order immediately leads to an increase in the cost of the product. Few people will be able to independently make a forged staircase, or use a welding machine.

Environmental friendliness of the material

The naturalness of wood, its valuable properties for creating a favorable microclimate in the room are well-known facts. No other material can compete with this.

Often the choice in favor of a wooden staircase in the house is made for this very reason. Wood creates a unique coziness and warmth in any room.

From an environmental point of view, there are no questions about raw wood materials. However, when various wood preservatives are used, very careful selection is required.

Environmentally friendly material - wood

Important! It is strictly forbidden to use materials intended only for external use for processing wood inside the house. They, as a rule, very reliably protect the wooden surface from various adverse effects, but they emit substances hazardous to human health.

You should select impregnations, paints and varnishes with natural ingredients. More trustworthy products with certificates - well-known brands.

The metal itself is an absolutely clean ecological material. A problem with metal stairs can be created by processing it with unsafe compounds.

Therefore, their choice should also be approached with caution.

Ease of use of the stairs

Wooden ladders are more convenient to use than metal ones. The safety of descent and ascent along non-slippery steps that isolate sounds, the pleasant naturalness of steps and railings is an indisputable advantage of a tree. They do not make walking uncomfortable.

The only serious drawback is the squeak of the steps. It often occurs during operation, due to the drying out of wood or improper assembly of the structure.

The disadvantages of metal stairs during their operation include:

• Slippery steps;
• Low noise insulation;
• Heating the structure in the sun and strong cooling at low temperatures.

Slippery metal steps can be a serious hazard and require more caution when navigating. If there are children in the house, then it becomes even more dangerous to use a metal ladder.

The noise generated during the operation of a metal staircase can be reduced by using special step coatings.

Metal tends to react strongly to temperature, which makes it unsafe to use. If the handrails are heated in the sun for a long time, they can cause burns. When the ambient temperature falls below freezing, the exposed skin of the hands can also suffer from direct contact with metal.

One option to avoid this is to finish the railing with wood.

Aesthetic appeal of the staircase as a decorative element

The design issue of stairs made of wood and metal is purely individual. Someone prefers the naturalness, natural beauty of wooden structures.

Others will opt for metal products.

Purely metal structures of stairs cannot boast of such a wide variety of options as wooden models.

Ladder construction cost

From wood, the most budgetary option is a pine staircase.

For a metal staircase, the simplest construction of conventional steel profiles.

But these are very inexpensive and, accordingly, purely practical options. There is no need to talk about any aesthetics here. If you choose more design solutions, then basically a metal staircase will cost more than a wooden one.

Yes, when using exotic woods with artistic finishing elements, the price for an exclusive option can reach huge sums.

Which ladder is cheaper: wooden or metal - depends on the type of material, the complexity of the structure. But this choice is purely individual.

Combined staircase designs

In order to use all the advantages of materials and reduce or eliminate their disadvantages altogether, you can use the combined option of stairs.

The combination of metal and wood in structures is a very common phenomenon; they complement each other perfectly.

Stairs made of metal and wood can be used both inside the building and outside.

Stairs on a metal frame

Basically, metal-wooden stairs are used, which consist of:

• Metal supporting frame;
• Wooden steps;
• Combined fencing.

That is, the metal acts as a more durable and reliable support option. Wood, on the other hand, gives the structure an attractive appearance and ease of use. Wooden stairs with a metal base can be made in any shape and size.

Their main advantages are:

• Durability;
• High strength;
• Rigidity;
• Stability;
• Ease of assembly.

The cost of the combined structure is often much cheaper than the fully wooden version of the staircase.

Modern metal production technologies make it possible to create lightweight structures. They can be sheathed not only with natural wood, but also with various materials based on it.

In order to reduce the cost of stairs, you can combine expensive types of wood - for elements with a high operational load, and cheap species - for products that are less subject to wear and tear.

For example, from solid wood are made:

• Steps;
• Supports;
• Handrails.

You can build from pine or birch:

• End parts of steps;
• Frame sheathing;
• Skirting boards;
• Other vertical details.

Wooden steps, which are attached to the metal frame, get rid of squeakiness and can be easily replaced if necessary.

In addition, wooden steps are the safest when climbing stairs. Less chance of slipping - injuries from a fall will not be significant.

It is quite simple to give a staircase on a metal frame a completely new look if you completely change all the wooden elements.

Combined staircase - photo

The metal frame can be completely covered with wood.

The strength of the structure will be high, and it will look aesthetically like wood.

Combined frame stairs

You can combine different options for supports and rails. For example, wooden steps rest on one side of a wooden stringer, and the other side is attached to metal bolts. A metal fence gives the structure additional strength.

There are a lot of options for combining staircase structures made of wood and metal.

Combined stair railing

Another option is to combine the stair railing.

Cold metal railings and handrails are sheathed with wood or made entirely of wood. Support posts can be made from both materials.

Filling the internal space between them is possible from decorative metal elements.

• For outdoor use, it is better to choose the option of a metal staircase - it is less susceptible to external atmospheric influences;
• Indoors, the combined option is perfect - the combination of strength and stability with an aesthetic component will give the user much more convenience than mono-material stairs;
• For the device of attic transforming stairs, it is better to choose lightweight metal structures;
• Any work ladders should be made of aluminum;
• Completely wooden structures will definitely fit perfectly into the design of a wooden house.

Which is better: a metal or wooden staircase? Everyone approaches this issue individually. There is no definite answer here, and everyone has their own choice. You can find out more about the construction of stairs made of wood and metal by watching the video in this article.

The basis of any staircase structure is its functionality and aesthetics. The practical component is paramount. But appearance also plays a significant role.

The material from which the structure is made affects both its technical parameters and design. Consider the questions of which staircase is better: metal or wood, what is affected by the use of each of these materials, and where it is better to use such a structure.

According to their purpose, all stairs can be divided into:

• Input;
• Interfloor;
• Checkpoints;
• Workers.

By location, they can be external or internal, by functionality:

• Stationary;
• Portable;
• Transformable.

Ladders differ in material of manufacture:

• Concrete;
• Natural stone;
• Brick;
• Wooden;
• Metallic;
• Glass;
• Combined.

Type:

• Screw;
• Marching;
• Combined.

Marching stairs are the most common use.

They are easy to manufacture and can be:

• Single-march;
• Two-marching;
• Multi-march.

Screws are more suitable when you need to save space in the room.

Combined options are often chosen for individual projects.

Stair constructions

Structurally, the staircase consists of:

• Carrying system;
• Steps;
• Fencing.

The following can act as a load-bearing element:

• Kosoura;
• Bowstrings;
• Boltsy;
• Racks.

Kosoura are solid support beams, the steps are attached to them from above. On kosoura, marching wooden stairs are most often made.

Bowstrings have special grooves on the inside, where steps are inserted.

Bolts can serve as fastening steps to the wall, and also fasten them together.

Center pillars usually have spiral staircases.

Metal supports are most suitable for spiral and curved staircases.

Stair rails consist of:

• Railings or handrails;
• Supporting and intermediate posts or balusters;
• Decorative items.

Each of the elements of the staircase has its own requirements. In addition, the entire staircase structure must also meet a number of conditions.

Basic requirements for the material of the stairs

The main requirements that the material of the staircase must meet:

• Strength;
• Moisture resistance;
• Durability;
• Chemical resistance;
• Resistance to weathering;
• Fire safety;
• Ease of installation;
• Ecological cleanliness;
• Ease of use;
• Easy to care for;
• Aesthetic appeal.

Additionally, the steps must be highly abrasion resistant and have a non-slip surface.

In addition, the cost of the staircase is of great importance.

The strength of the staircase

In terms of strength characteristics, wood is significantly inferior to metal. However, valuable types of wood have sufficient strength required for the normal operation of the staircase.

The hardest rocks are:

• Maple.

Of the other options, it is better to choose larch, which is stronger than pine and other soft tree species.

In terms of the strength of the connection of individual elements, wooden structures are also inferior to metal ones. Over time, the tree dries up, the joints loosen.

A metal ladder does not have this problem. The construction of the stairs made of metal has:

• Reliability;
• Sustainability;
• Rigidity.

The exception is aluminum. It is a fairly soft material, it can deform easily.

Moisture resistance of staircase elements

Exposure to moisture is equally destructive for untreated wood and ordinary steel. All wooden elements must be protected from water using special means:

• Moisture resistant impregnation;
• Paints;
• Lakov.

For outdoor use of wooden stairs, such protection is required. It will need to be constantly updated. For example, beech is not resistant to moisture, it can deform, and larch does not rot.

Modern production technologies make it possible to produce wood-based materials that are reliably protected from the harmful effects of water. For example, wood-polymer composite.

Ordinary steel is absolutely not resistant to corrosion and requires mandatory processing. So that rust does not reduce the strength characteristics of the metal structure, it is necessary to paint the metal with special compounds. In addition, the metal will need constant maintenance to maintain the appearance of the ladder and increase its lifespan.

Resistant to corrosion are:

• Stainless steel;
• Aluminum;
• Chrome plated steel.

If the construction of the staircase is not assembled on welded joints, then of these types of metal, the systems can be used outdoors for a very long time.

But if welding is used, then the joints of the elements require special attention. They must be thoroughly cleaned and coated with protective compounds.

Durability

Wooden stairs can last a long time. The magnificent stairwells in many historic buildings are prime examples.

But this requires the use of valuable types of wood, which are perfectly prepared, well dried, processed with special compounds from:

• Rotting;
• Mold;
• Fungi;
• Insects;
• Rodents.

In addition, appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity conditions are required. In the future, the finished structure must be constantly maintained in an aesthetically pleasing form.

Exterior wooden stairs that have not been properly and properly processed quickly lose their normal appearance.

Sometimes it is no longer possible to restore it. Of the metals, stainless steel has the longest life.

Regular profiled steel will last longer than wood.

But it also requires special treatment and subsequent care.

Resistance of materials to aggressive and atmospheric influences

If we compare the resistance of wood and metal in relation to aggressive and atmospheric influences, then metal structures have higher technical indicators.

The tree is very susceptible to most acids, alkalis and other adverse factors.

Fire safety staircase system

If we consider the issue of fire safety of wood and metal, then it is definitely not decided in favor of wooden structures.

Wooden staircases in the building should be located away from any possible ignition sources. Even processing them with special fire retardants does not give a complete guarantee of fire safety.

Metal structures resist high temperatures much longer. Of course, they also lose their technical characteristics as a result of prolonged exposure to open fire. But in the process of a fire, the metal does not emit combustion products, smoke does not occur from it.

In order to reliably protect the metal structures of the stairs, they are covered with special fire retardants and paints.

Ease of material handling and construction installation

Wood is much easier to work with than metal. For this reason, you can independently make a larger number of shapes, sizes, decorative elements from it.

With metal, everything is more complicated. In the factory, it is very flexible and can be performed:

• Profile products;
• Casting;
• Forging.

But all these will be ready-made parts, or separate modules, from which you can assemble not so many staircase options with your own hands. As a rule, they are accompanied by the manufacturer's instructions.

The production of individual designs to order immediately leads to an increase in the cost of the product. Few people will be able to independently make a forged staircase, or use a welding machine.

Environmental friendliness of the material

The naturalness of wood, its valuable properties for creating a favorable microclimate in the room are well-known facts. No other material can compete with this.

Often the choice in favor of a wooden staircase in the house is made for this very reason. Wood creates a unique coziness and warmth in any room.

From an environmental point of view, there are no questions about raw wood materials. However, when various wood preservatives are used, very careful selection is required.

Environmentally friendly material - wood

Important! It is strictly forbidden to use materials intended only for external use for processing wood inside the house. They, as a rule, very reliably protect the wooden surface from various adverse effects, but they emit substances hazardous to human health.

You should select impregnations, paints and varnishes with natural ingredients. More trustworthy products with certificates - well-known brands.

The metal itself is an absolutely clean ecological material. A problem with metal stairs can be created by processing it with unsafe compounds.

Therefore, their choice should also be approached with caution.

Ease of use of the stairs

Wooden ladders are more convenient to use than metal ones. The safety of descent and ascent along non-slippery steps that isolate sounds, the pleasant naturalness of steps and railings is an indisputable advantage of a tree. They do not make walking uncomfortable.

The only serious drawback is the squeak of the steps. It often occurs during operation, due to the drying out of wood or improper assembly of the structure.

The disadvantages of metal stairs during their operation include:

• Slippery steps;
• Low noise insulation;
• Heating the structure in the sun and strong cooling at low temperatures.

Slippery metal steps can be a serious hazard and require more caution when navigating. If there are children in the house, then it becomes even more dangerous to use a metal ladder.

The noise generated during the operation of a metal staircase can be reduced by using special step coatings.

Metal tends to react strongly to temperature, which makes it unsafe to use. If the handrails are heated in the sun for a long time, they can cause burns. When the ambient temperature falls below freezing, the exposed skin of the hands can also suffer from direct contact with metal.

One option to avoid this is to finish the railing with wood.

Aesthetic appeal of the staircase as a decorative element

The design issue of stairs made of wood and metal is purely individual. Someone prefers the naturalness, natural beauty of wooden structures.

Others will opt for metal products.

Purely metal structures of stairs cannot boast of such a wide variety of options as wooden models.

Ladder construction cost

From wood, the most budgetary option is a pine staircase.

For a metal staircase, the simplest construction of conventional steel profiles.

But these are very inexpensive and, accordingly, purely practical options. There is no need to talk about any aesthetics here. If you choose more design solutions, then basically a metal staircase will cost more than a wooden one.

Yes, when using exotic woods with artistic finishing elements, the price for an exclusive option can reach huge sums.

Which ladder is cheaper: wooden or metal - depends on the type of material, the complexity of the structure. But this choice is purely individual.

Combined staircase designs

In order to use all the advantages of materials and reduce or eliminate their disadvantages altogether, you can use the combined option of stairs.

The combination of metal and wood in structures is a very common phenomenon; they complement each other perfectly.

Stairs made of metal and wood can be used both inside the building and outside.

Stairs on a metal frame

Basically, metal-wooden stairs are used, which consist of:

• Metal supporting frame;
• Wooden steps;
• Combined fencing.

That is, the metal acts as a more durable and reliable support option. Wood, on the other hand, gives the structure an attractive appearance and ease of use. Wooden stairs with a metal base can be made in any shape and size.

Their main advantages are:

• Durability;
• High strength;
• Rigidity;
• Stability;
• Ease of assembly.

The cost of the combined structure is often much cheaper than the fully wooden version of the staircase.

Modern metal production technologies make it possible to create lightweight structures. They can be sheathed not only with natural wood, but also with various materials based on it.

In order to reduce the cost of stairs, you can combine expensive types of wood - for elements with a high operational load, and cheap species - for products that are less subject to wear and tear.

For example, from solid wood are made:

• Steps;
• Supports;
• Handrails.

You can build from pine or birch:

• End parts of steps;
• Frame sheathing;
• Skirting boards;
• Other vertical details.

Wooden steps, which are attached to the metal frame, get rid of squeakiness and can be easily replaced if necessary.

In addition, wooden steps are the safest when climbing stairs. Less chance of slipping - injuries from a fall will not be significant.

It is quite simple to give a staircase on a metal frame a completely new look if you completely change all the wooden elements.

Combined staircase - photo

The metal frame can be completely covered with wood.

The strength of the structure will be high, and it will look aesthetically like wood.

Combined frame stairs

You can combine different options for supports and rails. For example, wooden steps rest on one side of a wooden stringer, and the other side is attached to metal bolts. A metal fence gives the structure additional strength.

There are a lot of options for combining staircase structures made of wood and metal.

Combined stair railing

Another option is to combine the stair railing.

Cold metal railings and handrails are sheathed with wood or made entirely of wood. Support posts can be made from both materials.

Filling the internal space between them is possible from decorative metal elements.

• For outdoor use, it is better to choose the option of a metal staircase - it is less susceptible to external atmospheric influences;
• Indoors, the combined option is perfect - the combination of strength and stability with an aesthetic component will give the user much more convenience than mono-material stairs;
• For the device of attic transforming stairs, it is better to choose lightweight metal structures;
• Any work ladders should be made of aluminum;
• Completely wooden structures will definitely fit perfectly into the design of a wooden house.

Which is better: a metal or wooden staircase? Everyone approaches this issue individually. There is no definite answer here, and everyone has their own choice. You can find out more about the construction of stairs made of wood and metal by watching the video in this article.

It is definitely impossible to say which staircase is better, wooden or metal. Some think it's good when it's cheap. For others, the speed of construction is in the first place. For others, a design project made from the most expensive materials is the best solution.

Wooden stairs - pros and cons

Wood is warm shades, beautiful texture, environmental friendliness. Each wood species has its own characteristics that affect the properties of ladder systems:

1. Oak- dense, with fine pores and bright texture. Due to its hardness (up to 720 kg / m 3) it is not very pliable in processing. You will build a staircase for centuries, which is resistant to mechanical damage, biological effects (does not rot, is not afraid of pests). The wood becomes stronger from water. It gets dark over the years, but this makes it look even more beautiful and more expensive.
2. Beech cheaper than oak, slightly inferior in hardness (650 kg / m 3). Easily processed - beautiful bent, carved details are obtained from it. The disadvantage is high hygroscopicity. We recommend placing beech marches in houses with a good ventilation and heating system.
3. Ash- slightly surpasses oak in hardness (density 750 kg / m 3), but with a more expressive pattern.
4. Larch- high bio-, moisture resistance, strength, beautiful natural shade. In a humid environment, larch becomes stronger, which brings it closer in properties to hard rocks.
5. Pine(density - 520 kg / m 3). The soft wood is easy to handle. With intensive use, the staircase will last only 10 years. When exposed to sunlight, the pine tree darkens. Resin is released on the surface, which lifts the lacquer coating and gives spotting when painted. It does not need to be treated with rot protection.

There are no restrictions on the choice of the shape of a wooden staircase. Existing wood imperfections are eliminated with protective compounds, special processing. Attention! The tree can dry out, which will loosen the fasteners.

Stairs made from oak, ash and other valuable species are usually designed during the construction phase of the house. Basically, these are ceremonial and interfloor marches. Products of mass production from spruce, pine, due to the democratic price and simple design, are installed in dachas, in houses of a small area.

Metal stairs

The auxiliary systems (emergency exit, ascent to the attic from the street) are made completely metal. In the interior of a residential building, metal stairs most often look unaesthetic, unless this is a design project with forging, elements of copper, bronze and other decorations.

A good solution for interior stairs is a metal frame. Metal bases are made of steel (from stainless steel and ordinary steel), iron, less often from cast iron or bronze. The frames are sheathed with wood of different species, combined with glass, stone. The most durable is stainless steel, but ordinary steel load-bearing beams will last longer than wooden ones.

Stairs on metal frames:

• withstand loads up to 600 kg;
• easy to install (welded or prefabricated base);
• do not rot, are not afraid of moisture;
• do not deform;
• do not creak, unlike wooden ones;
• do not require maintenance (iron and steel frames are tinted once a year, and stainless steel does not need finishing);
• repairable - it is easy to replace a damaged step or other element with a new one, without dismantling the entire structure.
• fireproof.

Structures of any shape are made of flexible metal - straight and curved. They look good in a modern interior - from classic to loft, as the main and auxiliary systems, they can easily tolerate street conditions, so they can be installed at the entrance to the house.

The best staircase is a reliable, safe and easy-to-climb structure that fulfills its purpose and complements the interior.

Many argue that finishing concrete and metal stairs with wood is better than making wooden ones, since it is cheaper, does not creak and is more reliable. "How many people, so many opinions", so do not argue with the supporters of structures made of concrete or metal, you need to deal with these issues yourself.

The high cost of making wooden stairs: fact or myth?

When choosing concrete or metal structures, do not forget about the need for their subsequent finishing. This can be done in several ways:

• Install only wooden steps - in this case, you will have to think over the appearance of the risers and choose the material for the cladding.The base itself will be cheaper, but taking into account the financial costs of finishing materials and work, the final cost will be approximately the same compared to the manufacture of a wooden structure of similar parameters.
• Sheathed with wood completely (from below and from all sides) - regardless of the base material, the price of such a staircase will be much higher than just a wooden one.

It is also important to take into account the laboriousness of the work - when self-finishing a metal or concrete base with wood, the workpieces will have to be adjusted in place to the existing dimensions of the structure.

The problem of squeaks

Metal stairs creak too. This may be due to the following reasons:

• poor quality assembly and welding of structures;
• insufficiently rigid anchorage to walls or floor.

As a result, the friction of metal parts with each other (under the influence of loads when walking on steps) leads to a squeak. Such flaws are quite common, and their elimination is a laborious process. The repair will be even more difficult if the fastening points of the metal parts are hidden under the wood trim.

Concrete stairs do not creak, but this is not the case with their finishes. It is not always possible to make the steps perfectly even in height, therefore, plywood or OSB linings have to be used for leveling, as well as fencing wooden steps from concrete. But the more structural elements in the assembly, the higher the risk of squeaks. Also, the quality of finishing of concrete bases and the absence of backlash largely depends on the level of skill of the performer.

Reliability issue

The reliability and durability of wooden stairs depends on the type of wood used for their manufacture. Structures made of oak, beech and ash, which are distinguished by their high hardness, will last at least 50 years. And with proper care and observance of operating conditions, their service life will be much longer.

Another feature is that the manufacture of wooden stairs is carried out in the workshop according to the preliminary developed drawings. This allows you to take into account all the nuances at the stage of project development, guarantees the exact correspondence of the sizes of all identical structural elements in relation to each other.

Do not worry about creaking wooden stairs. Constructions made under production conditions in compliance with the technology of fastening and gluing are completely devoid of this drawback. Backlash can appear after decades of operation. But this is not a problem either, since experienced specialists know many ways that allow, if not completely get rid of squeaks, then significantly minimize them.

Wood is a warm, durable and natural material, therefore, in terms of external and operational qualities, wooden stairs have no analogues.

In addition to its main purpose, the staircase in the house is one of the main elements in the interior, it creates a certain atmosphere in the home. Therefore, the choice of its design and suitable materials is an important point. The existing variety of types of stairs allows you to embody any design fantasies. And at the same time, a large choice often confuses a person. Knowledge of the features of stair structures and materials, their properties during operation will help to better understand.

The most common ladder models:

• direct march;
• two or more marches with platforms;
• screw.

We will consider the features of each type later. Materials for the manufacture of stairs are mainly used such as wood, metal, reinforced concrete, modern durable glass, plastic, stone, etc. They are often combined. There is a huge selection of finishing materials with which you can create a unique design.

Not only beautiful, but also a convenient staircase is a guarantee of your comfort and safety. The strongest and most durable structures are metal and concrete. Each of these materials has advantages and disadvantages.

Metal stairs

The advantages of such designs include high performance characteristics:

• strength, resistance to heavy loads, durability;
• comparatively lower cost;
• convenience and speed of installation.

Metal stairs work well with other materials. Thanks to the combination with finishing elements from wood, glass, stone, you can create a beautiful design. The iron staircase needs to be combined with other materials, this is required due to a number of negative consequences in operation:

• metal steps are slippery, so it is better to make them of wood or plastic;
• metal has the properties of making noise, so every step on the stairs will be heard and even a pet running along the stairs at night will wake you up.

Concrete stairs

The only disadvantages of concrete products are the high cost and long production time. Otherwise, this option is the best in all respects. Regardless of whether it is installed indoors or outside the building, the concrete staircase is highly durable and long-lasting. Reinforced concrete can withstand heavy loads, is resistant to the destructive effects of moisture, and is perfectly compatible with most finishing materials. Manufacturing technology allows you to create designs of the most unusual shapes.

Methods for making structures:

• monolithic - are created in place by pouring and represent a single whole;
• prefabricated - are connected to the support sites prepared in advance on the spot and the march.

The production company BLK manufactures all types of concrete stairs. Many years of experience, the use of modern technologies, the creation of real architectural masterpieces attracts many clients to contact the PC BKL http://www.pk-blk.ru/betonnye-lestnicy/. A package of services: from project development to installation and delivery of a completely finished object.

The main types of concrete stairs

1. Straight lines are the simplest and cheapest design. For a more functional use of the space, niches and storage cabinets can be placed under it. Their width must be at least 1 meter. The steps are the most comfortable - a little wider than the length of the foot.
2. Marching ones are more convenient, they allow you to create a not too steep descent, but their installation is possible with a sufficiently spacious area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe room.
3. Screw is the best option for a small room. Save space. Their width must be at least 2 meters.

Video. Making a concrete staircase

The combination of metal and wood in one product is not a novelty or some kind of discovery. These two materials complement each other perfectly, and people have long learned to combine the strength of one and the operational appeal of the other. The designers seemed to automatically use the experience gained over many decades until they realized that this alliance was not accidental at all. This is how the idea of ​​a purposeful combination of metal and wood appeared and began to successfully develop, which consists in the ability of these materials to emphasize the characteristics of each other. This trend has contributed to the popularization of metal stairs, the logical completeness of which is given by elements of wood.

What is the secret of the popularity of metal stairs in modern interiors?

The interfloor staircase, which is a connecting link in the house, in addition to its main constructive function, also plays the role of an expressive accent of the stylistic orientation of spatial design. In the modern interior of a country house, the staircase is the central object that invariably attracts the attention of guests and evokes a sense of pride in the owners of the house.
The key role is always easily given to a metal staircase due to its variability and the possibility of making a model that fits as much as possible into the interior, conceived by the author of the interior design project.

Bearing elements of metal stairs can be made of bronze, cast iron, aluminum, carbon or high-alloy stainless steel. Structural steel is the most advantageous material in the manufacture of metal stairs, since such a structure is able to remain functional almost forever and retain all its original performance characteristics.
Ladders on a metal frame are easy to assemble, have high strength, rigidity and stability. They are not expensive compared to models made from other materials, such as those made entirely of wood.

High manufacturability of metal contributes to the creation of reliable lightweight standard structures and exclusive top models, distinguished by the originality of the performance of the elements and the complexity of the form. The latest methods allow you to create not only intricate designs, but also endow them with respectability and the ability to decorate the interior. Metal stairs can be decorated with almost any finishing materials: ceramic tiles, porcelain stoneware, metal, tempered glass, MDF and gypsum board sheets, glued wood panels, natural stone and natural wood.

Another great advantage of metal frame stairs is that they are easy to restore and modernize. When carrying out major repairs in the house, if desired, such a structure can be completely transformed by changing the finish.

Varieties of stairs on metal frames

The classification of all metal stairs occurs according to the structure belonging to the marching or screw type. Marching, depending on the type of bearing elements, can be performed on stringers, cables, bolts or steel bowstrings.

Models on steel stringers (supporting beams) are very versatile and can be installed in any type of room. If there is sufficient space and there are no planning restrictions, it is recommended to install a flight staircase on the stringers. This model is suitable for classic interiors of premises and will satisfy the tastes of fans of respectability and adherents of traditional design positions. The presence of fundamental, obviously observable supports creates a feeling of solidity and reliability. The visual effect reflects the actual state of affairs. The metal frame, depending on the type of finish, can be hidden, and the model will be perceived as completely wooden, concrete, etc.

Modular ladders are based on one central steel stringer, consisting of modules that are attached to each other. Models of this type are characterized by ease of installation and a wide variety of shapes. Spiral and circular staircases can be located in different places of the room, they are chosen when decorating the interior in the Art Nouveau and Techno style.

The structure on the bolts can be mounted near the wall and look airy, creating the effect of weightlessness due to the absence of risers. The steps of such a model are attached to the wall, and on the other side are pulled together using special steel rods, which are called bolts.

Stairs on steel bowstrings differ from the design on kosoura in that steps are installed on the kosoura from above and the steps can hang over the beams, the steps of ladders on bowstrings are always placed between the beams and fixed to them. The model looks like a straight inclined profile, since the ends of the steps turn out to be hidden bowstrings.

The type of supporting structure determines whether the product belongs to one type or another; in addition, it is customary to distinguish metal stairs according to other indicators:

• layout;
• functionality;
• material of steps.

The current regulations set restrictions on the number of degrees for one march, their number should not exceed 18; by the angle of inclination; height and width of steps. The width of the stairs is selected for reasons of space availability, convenience and safety of its operation and can vary from 60 centimeters to several meters.

For the safety of movement on stairs, it is planned to install fences - handrails with vertical posts. Fences are made with glass screens, balusters, forging, inclined and horizontal strings, etc. Handrail posts (fences) can be fixed to the end of the stringer, step, or over the step.

Wood in the decoration of stairs on a metal frame: the advantages of choosing

A wooden staircase on a metal frame combines the best qualities of two materials: it is reliable and can withstand significant operational loads. The metal base provides the structure with increased strength and wear resistance, the wooden elements give it elegance and increase the comfort of use. Compared to ladders made entirely of wood, such structures are more durable and have an unlimited period of use.

All-metal, concrete, reinforced concrete models lose weight to wooden stairs on a metal frame. They are very heavy and their installation is fraught with difficulties.

Wood, in comparison with other materials, is a very revalent option. It is the wood chosen for finishing the stairs that determines what the finished product will be like. When using elite varieties of wood, a respectable design, claiming to be especially graceful, will appear in the house. If you choose ordinary, inexpensive varieties, then you can make a cozy, pleasant-looking staircase.

Compared to many other materials, natural wood also wins in terms of ensuring the safety of people: when moving on wooden steps, there is less chance of slipping. But even if you slip, you can get off with less tangible injuries. It is especially important to provide for safety in families with children. After all, they are very mobile and often, carried away by the game, act unconsciously.

The unconditional external attractiveness of natural wood, its impeccable performance characteristics endow this natural material with the ability to bring harmony, comfort, soft warmth and special freshness to the surrounding space.

What types of wood are suitable for finishing stairs?

For finishing the stairs, it is recommended to choose cast wood belonging to the first class. Hard, resistant to mechanical stress, especially to abrasion, are oak, bamboo, ash, maple. Despite the high price, exotic wood species are very popular: merbau, teak. Walnut, beech, mahogany, ash, cherry and pear wood are also popular in staircase finishing.
It is possible to significantly reduce costs by combining expensive varieties with less expensive ones (pine, spruce), which can be used to trim less-used staircase elements: risers, baseboards, moldings and other vertical parts.

Solid oak products are highly durable, their service life is not limited. Choosing oak, you can be sure of its reliability, the wood is attractive for its color range, starting with light yellow tones and ending with red-brown saturated shades. Over time, the material darkens, acquiring age-specific nobility and special sophistication.

The main components of the popularity of bamboo are its high strength, ease of processing and beauty. It is not afraid of moisture and is resistant to mechanical stress, copes well with increased operational loads: bamboo does not fade or change color over time, does not scratch. Bamboo trim is known for its rich decor, so a staircase trimmed with bamboo will certainly attract attention, catch the eye.

Ash attracts with the contrast of the wood pattern, it is considered even stronger than oak and is able to serve for 50 or more years. A staircase trimmed with ash looks great in a room with a floor made of boards of the same material. The furnishings acquire an extraordinary flavor, sophistication and testifies to the good taste of the owner of the house. Ash wood has a noble grayish tint, which clearly shows a pattern of coarse fibers.

Maple is valued not only for its aesthetic appeal and durability; maple manufacturers all over the world celebrate its impeccable texture. For the production of stairs, maple is an ideal raw material, since the wood has practically no waste due to its exceptional natural qualities. Its light-colored wood can be slightly tinted with a brown or reddish tint. Over time, the steps may darken slightly, but at the same time they do not lose their aesthetic appeal. Maple wood is pliable and hard at the same time, so intricate parts, including carved ones, are made from it.

Originally from the tropical jungles of Southeast Asia, Merbau comes under this name with two types of wood with similar characteristics. Merbau is extremely prized for its rarity and enchanting natural beauty. Some experts attribute merbau to mahogany. The material is very resistant to moisture and mechanical stress, not subject to decay.

Teak or teak wood is a source of valuable timber, which is positioned as one of the best exported from Asia. Teak has long been very popular in Europe and other continents. It has a unique property that is the ability to be an antiseptic not only for itself, but also for materials with which it comes into contact. It is noted that the metal next to which teak wood is located does not corrode. Along with its pliability, teak wood is very durable and resistant to any kind of impact. Solid teak wood is extremely expensive, therefore, teak veneers are mainly used. But veneered products are not cheap either.

When choosing a model of stairs for a house, you need to focus on the existing spatial conditions, the compatibility of the future structure with the chosen style, your own financial capabilities, preferences, and also keep in mind the main points:

• The recommended angle of inclination of the structure is 30 - 400, permissible but not desirable 450. If the ascent / descent angle is more than 500, then using such a ladder will be extremely inconvenient, not only for the elderly, but also for young people. A cool design will be dangerous for all family members.
• A staircase that connects floors directly without isolating the space can cause thermal imbalances. In such rooms it is always cold on the 1st floor and very hot on the upper floors. The one-volume type of interior arrangement is more suitable for houses located in warm climates. Due to the lack of insulation of the staircase, the room is better ventilated. For the Russian climate, it is recommended to choose this type of arrangement when the stairs are in a separate volume, isolated from the living quarters.
• When choosing a contractor, it is most advisable to entrust the work on the manufacture of the product, decoration and installation to one performer. It is advisable that the company has a choice of materials and also provides a warranty on them. It is very doubtful to benefit from savings by dividing the work into several stages and entrusting it to different people, while also purchasing materials yourself from a little-known supplier. In this case, all responsibility for the final result will fall on the customer. If it is not possible to hire a contractor, then it is better to do all the work yourself.
• When choosing wood on your own in order to make elements for stairs, you need to have knowledge of the behavioral features of the selected material and strictly observe the technology of its processing. Only products made from properly dried and processed material can please with their predictability and impeccable behavior.
• Any large elements made of solid wood are subject to the risk of cracking and deformation, therefore, in their manufacture, you need to be extremely careful and strictly follow the rules for working with natural wood.
• Responsible construction and installation work in no case should be entrusted to random teams that do not have appropriate approvals.
• If you have chosen a model of a complex configuration, then in the future it will be extremely problematic to enter dimensional furniture and other volumetric interior items on it.
• Compliance with the recommended parameters of the structure (the length of the risers, the width of the steps) guarantees comfortable and safe movement up the stairs.
• The distances between the elements enclosing the stairs must also be respected, too rare arrangement of vertical and horizontal elements can lead to falls from the stairs of children and pets.
• A fully enclosed staircase (with risers) is the safest to operate; even psychologically, a person, moving along such a structure, will feel much safer than walking along an easy, too open staircase.
• The staircase must be well lit, therefore, in its location, it is necessary to provide for the wiring of the electrical network and the installation of lamps.
• Remember that even wooden steps can be slippery, especially if they are wet. In the presence of large spans, it is best to cover the steps with a carpet, securing it along all the steps.

Decorating a metal staircase requires skill and a lot of patience. In the absence of proper plumbing skills, it is better to entrust the finishing to professionals. If you have a very strong desire to finish it yourself, then, first of all, you need to keep in mind:

• The most affordable of all designs for self-assembly is a model of a staircase made of ready-made prefabricated modules. The product is assembled from individual elements, fixed with fasteners. Such models are manufactured at the factory, as a rule, they are accompanied by detailed installation instructions and an assembly diagram.
• It is better to buy materials for the stairs from a reliable supplier, it is advisable to purchase all the components in one place and be able, in the future, to consult the seller about the intricacies of installation. It is necessary to immediately purchase the right amount of goods, even with a small margin, than then buy additional parts that may differ in structure and shades. Keep in mind that no manufacturer can guarantee the exact color match of different batches of goods. This is especially true for natural materials.
• Each reputable manufacturer accompanies its products with recommendations for the installation and operation of products made from it, be sure to indicate data about itself. Before buying a product, it is better to ask about this manufacturer on various resources and explore the possibility of contacting the company.
• When choosing various impregnations, varnishes, paints for protecting and decorating surfaces, make sure that the compositions are intended specifically for indoor use, since a lot of products are intended strictly for outdoor use. They are toxic and cannot be used for interior work. It is best to choose alkyd-urethane compounds that are used to coat furniture and parquet floors.
• Choosing very expensive rocks for finishing stairs, it is necessary to study in detail the characteristics of the material. You may need to constantly heat your home in order for natural wood to retain its characteristics. In the event that you plan to live in a country house only in the summer, it is advisable that the house has a heating system with automatic control to maintain the desired temperature. Humidification of the air in a house with expensive furniture and decoration is also a very important issue, living materials require maintaining a certain humidity in the house.
• Wood species containing resins can, during use, unexpectedly release resin to the surface, even if it is covered with several coats of varnish. You need to be ready for this and it is advisable to use materials from such wood only for finishing vertical surfaces, but not steps.

Wooden stairs on a metal frame are so good that they allow you to combine sophistication, beauty and safety of use. You just need to carefully approach all issues related to the future structure, even at the design stage of the house. Operational safety must be ensured throughout the entire period of use of the structure. Periodic inspections and timely repairs are the key to the integrity of the structure and your well-being.

Even a child knows what ladders are for. They enable a person and his pets to go up and down from one floor to another. There are quite a lot of staircase structures, and it is not at all easy to figure out which staircase is better in the house. Their choice is influenced by several factors at once, which must be taken into account. An important point is that it is necessary to decide on the type and material for the stairs at the design stage in order to avoid possible mistakes.

What stairs should be

There are several basic requirements that must be met when designing and installing a staircase in a residential building:

• maximum reliability;
• safety of approach and movement;
• convenient location of the railings;
• the correct ratio of the width and height of the steps;
• safe slope;
• adequate lighting.

It must be remembered that a staircase is a traumatic structure, so the best option for a house would be a flight of stairs with a handrail, the priority function of which would be safety rather than aesthetics. And ideally a combination of them.

Which staircase to choose

Today the market provides almost unlimited possibilities for choosing staircase structures. The main thing is not to get confused and take into account all the important points. The emphasis should be on the shape of the stairs, which depends on:

• location;
• driving directions;
• capital structure;
• placement area in the plan;
• the size of the staircase in the ceiling.

Thinking about the question of which staircase is better in the house, you should pay attention to the fact that the following types of stairs are the most popular among the owners of multi-level apartments and private households:

• straight one-march. They allow you to move up and down without changing direction or stopping. They require a lot of space to install. And they will be convenient only if the number of steps in the march does not exceed 18 pieces, and their height is 17 cm;
• two-march. If there are more than 18 steps on the stairs, then it is divided into two marches, between which a platform is mounted. The design itself can be straight, L-shaped with a turn of 90 degrees or U-shaped with a turn of 180 degrees. As well as a single-flight staircase, a two-flight staircase takes up a lot of space and is not suitable for small rooms;
• rotary, or cross-country. Such structures save some space due to the fact that they are installed, as a rule, along the walls, and under them they arrange places for rest, work or storage rooms. A distinctive feature of winder stairs is the absence of intermediate platforms in the presence of turns by 90 or 180 degrees;
• screw. They are the most compact. These stairs will be the best option for small spaces. But do not forget that they are not safe for the elderly and babies. It is also inconvenient to carry furniture along them;
• modular on stringer or bolts. Despite the graceful appearance, such stairs are strong enough and do not impede the penetration of light. But, despite their spectacularity and unusualness, they, like screw ones, are unsafe for old people and children.

What features need to be considered

Each type of staircase has its own specific nuances and features. The inconvenience of spiral staircases dictates their installation as additional structures for lifting to another level, attic or for descending into the basement.

It is recommended to fasten the ladders on the bolts to the load-bearing walls on one side using special brackets, which gives additional strength. Marching stairs will be much more convenient if the platforms between them are placed every 10 degrees.

If there is too little space for the stairs or the opening in the ceiling cannot be made of a sufficient size, then the angle of inclination of the stairs relative to the horizontal surface can be increased. In this case, the installation of steps called "duck step" is provided.

A staircase without risers will look easier, but if there are kids in the house or their appearance is planned in the future, then it will be better to make the steps deaf.

In fact, there are many options for making a comfortable and safe staircase structure. It all depends on the specific room and people living in the house. And if the owner is confused and doubts the chosen design, then it is better to consult with knowledgeable specialists.

It all depends on what quality product you expect to see (and observe for many years) in your home. If you are not confused by errors in the form of undergrinding, gaps between parts, squeaks when walking, poor-quality painting, cheap glue

etc., but for a small price, then you will be quite satisfied with the economy option from stores that provide a number of construction services.

If you are pretentious about the quality of materials, assembly, painting, you are one hundred percent client of furniture salons and professional manufacturers who control the manufacturing process from the stage of measurements, drawings and design to installation and delivery of the object to the customer.

So, let's consider a cheaper option. You go to a store where you can buy everything for repair, construction, etc., buy parts for your future stairs and start fooling around with this "constructor" (either yourself, if you have the necessary tools, or hired installers). And it seems that the house has a full-fledged staircase instead of a stepladder, but where do unexpected and unpleasant “surprises” come from (cracks, creaks, etc.)?

All this is very simply explained. If you ordered a ladder from professionals, you would get the following benefits:

• at your facility, they will make all the necessary measurements, taking into account all the nuances: the features of the frame, the placement of windows, etc.;
• you will be provided with drawings, the type of stairs, design, material, color and, of course, production time will be agreed with you;
• the material will be sanded to a shine (not only on the machine, but also by hand);
• all the details of the staircase will retain their appearance, since they will be made from cut timber glued with high-quality glue;
• you will also see your staircase in a draft (during pre-assembly) and at this stage you will be able to correct some of the nuances;
• during the rough assembly, the craftsmen will trim parts taking into account uneven walls, frame errors, etc.;
• after that, the parts are sanded and painted again. Painting will be multi-stage using high-quality paints and varnishes;
• and now this product of great labor will be brought to the installation ... Rich and luxurious, it will delight you, evoke a feeling of delight among your guests.

Is all this available in an economy version?

Draw conclusions, make up your mind and order from the professionals!

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