Norms and rules of design. Fire protection systems

MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE, EMERGENCIES AND DISASTER RESPONSE

ORDER

01.06.2011 № 000

Moscow city

On approval of amendment No. 1 to the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design ", approved by the order of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia

In accordance with the Federal Law of 01.01.01, "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, No. 30 (Part 1), Art. 3579), Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 01.01.01 No. No. 000 "Issues of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of the Consequences of Natural Disasters" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, No. 28, Art. 2882; 2005, No. 43, Art. 4376; 2008, No. 17, Art. 1814, No. 43, Art. 4921, No. 47, Art. 5431; 2009, No. 22, Art. 2697, No. 51, Art. 6285; 2010, No. 19, Art. 2301, No. 20, Art. 2435, No. 51 (part 3), Art. 6903; 2011, No. 1, Art. 193, Art. 194, No. 2, Art. 267), Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.01, No. 000 "On the procedure for development and approval sets of rules "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, No. 48, Art. 5608) and in order to ensure the compliance of certain provisions (requirements, indicators) of the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 with the interests of the national I order the ionic economy, the state of the material and technical base and scientific progress:

To approve and put into effect from June 20, 2011 the attached amendment No. 1 to the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Design Norms and Rules "approved by the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.


Director of the Administrative Department

Application

to the order of the EMERCOM of Russia

dated 01.06.11 No. 000

Change No. 1

to SP 5.13130.2009

OKS 13.220.01

CHANGE No. 1 to the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design "

Regardless of area and number of storeys

4.2 For maintenance and repair

Protected object

Standard indicator

5 Buildings with a height of more than 30 m (with the exception of residential buildings and industrial buildings of categories D and D by fire hazard)

Regardless of the area

6 Residential buildings:

6.1 Dormitories, specialized residential homes for the elderly and disabled1)

Regardless of the area

6.2 Residential buildings with a height of more than 28 m 2)

Regardless of the area

the footnote "2)" shall be stated as follows:

“2) Fire detectors AUPS are installed in the hallways of apartments and are used to open valves and turn on fans of air pressure and smoke removal units. Living quarters of apartments in residential buildings with a height of three floors and more should be equipped with autonomous optical - electronic smoke detectors. "; in table A. Z:

clause 6 should be included in the section "Production premises", excluding it from the section "Premises for storage purposes";

Clause 35 shall be amended as follows:

Protected object
Standard indicator
35 Premises for accommodation:
35.1 Electronic computers (computers), APCS equipment operating in control systems for complex technological processes, the violation of which affects the safety of people5)	Regardless of the area
35.2 Communication processors (server), archives of magnetic media, plotters, printing information on paper (printer) 5)	24 m2 or more	Less than 24 m2
35.3 To place personal computers on users' desktops		Regardless of the area

add footnote "5)" with the following content:

"5) In the cases provided for in paragraph 8.15.1 of this set of rules, for premises requiring automatic gas fire extinguishing installations, it is allowed not to use such installations, provided that all electronic and electrical equipment is protected by autonomous fire extinguishing installations, and an automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the premises. signaling."; in table A.4:

add clause 8 as follows:

add footnote "1)" with the following content:

"The listed equipment is subject to protection by autonomous fire extinguishing installations.";

add a note as follows:

"Note: Electrical installations located at stationary ground and underground metro facilities should be protected by autonomous fire extinguishing installations.";

Appendix D shall be supplemented with paragraphs D11-D15 of the following content, respectively:

	GOST, TU, OST

D. 12 Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon CF3CF2C (0) CF (CF3) 2.

The vapor density at P = 101.3 kPa and T = 20 ° C is 13.6 kg / m3.

UDC 614.841.3: 006.354 OKS 13.220.01

Key words: fire spread, protection objects, public buildings, industrial and warehouse buildings, high-rise buildings

Head of FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Head of Research Center of PP and PChSP of FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Development Manager
Performers Leading Researcher, FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

The name of the combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration,% (vol.)

D. 13 Normative volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 217J1 (C3F7J).

The vapor density at P = 101.3 kPa and T- 20 ° C is 12.3 kg / m3.

The name of the combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration,% (vol.)

D. 14 Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon CF3J. The vapor density at P = 101.3 kPa and T = 20 ° C is 8.16 kg / m3.

The name of the combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration,% (vol.)

D. 15 Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of the gas composition "Argonite" (nitrogen (N2) - 50% (vol.); Argon (Ar) - 50% (vol.).

The vapor density at P - 101.3 kPa and T - 20 ° C is 1.4 kg / m3.

The name of the combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration,% (vol.)

Note - The normative volumetric fire-extinguishing concentration of the above-mentioned gas OTS for extinguishing a class A2 fire should be taken equal to the normative volumetric fire-extinguishing concentration for extinguishing n-heptane. ";

OKS 13.220.10 UDC614.844.4: 006.354

Key words: autonomous fire extinguishing installation, automatic fire alarm, extinguishing agent, protected object

Head of the development organization FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia Boss FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Development Manager Head of Research Center PST FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Performers
Head of Department 2.4 FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Head of Department 3.4 FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Deputy Head of Department 2.3 FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

Note: SP 5.13130.2009 with amendments No. 1 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design rules and regulations" was replaced by SP 5.13130.2013.

SP 5.13130.2009 with amendments No. 1 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design rules and regulations"

Foreword
1 area of use
2. Normative references
3. Terms and definitions
4. General provisions
5. Water and foam fire extinguishing installations
6. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
7. Robotic fire complex
8. Installations of gas fire extinguishing
9. Installations of powder fire extinguishing of modular type
10. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
11. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
12. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
13. Fire alarm systems
14. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of facilities
15. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
16. Protective grounding and grounding. Safety requirements
17. General provisions taken into account when choosing technical means of fire automation
Appendix A. The list of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms. General Provisions
1. I. Buildings
2. II. Constructions
3. III. Premises
4. IV. Equipment
Appendix B. Groups of premises (production and technological processes) according to the degree of danger of fire development, depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
Appendix B. Methodology for calculating the parameters of AUP for surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
Appendix D. Methodology for calculating the parameters of fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
Appendix D. Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
Appendix E. Methodology for calculating the mass of a gas extinguishing agent for gas extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
Appendix G. Method of hydraulic calculation of low pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
Appendix H. Methodology for calculating the area of the opening for relieving excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
Appendix I. General provisions for the calculation of modular-type powder fire extinguishing installations
Appendix K. Methodology for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
Appendix L. Method for calculating overpressure when supplying a fire extinguishing aerosol to a room
Appendix M. Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
Appendix H. Installation locations of manual call points, depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
Appendix O. Determination of the set time for detecting a malfunction and its elimination
Appendix P. Distances from the upper point of overlap to the measuring element of the detector
Appendix P. Methods for increasing the reliability of a fire signal
Bibliography

FOREWORD

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 202, No. 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the rules for the application of sets of rules - by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for the development and approval of sets of rules" of November 19, 2008 . No. 858.

Information about the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design rules and regulations"

DEVELOPED by FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 "Fire Safety"
APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 25, 2009 No. 175
REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Amendment No. 1 was introduced, approved and put into effect by order of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia No. 274 dated June 01, 2011. The effective date of amendment No. 1 is June 20, 2011.

1 AREA OF USE

1.1 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" is developed in accordance with Articles 42, 45, 46, 54, 83, 84, 91, 103, 104, 111 - 116 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123 – FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of voluntary standardization and establishes norms and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

1.2 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those erected in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The need to use fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems is determined in accordance with Appendix A, standards, codes of practice and other documents approved in the prescribed manner.

1.3 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design rules and regulations" does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems:

buildings and structures designed according to special standards;
technological installations located outside buildings;
warehouse buildings with mobile shelving;
warehouse buildings for storing aerosol products;
warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m.

1.4 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

those reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, hydrides of aluminum, zinc, magnesium);
interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design rules and regulations" can be used in the development of special technical specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

WHAT DOES FEDERAL LAW No. 123-FZ REQUIRE FROM A FIRE SIGNALING?

I'll start with Federal Law No. 123-FZ of 22.07.2008 "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements". He is the starting point. And it is quite natural, first of all, to determine what the law requires with regard to automatic fire alarm systems (AUPS) and fire alarm systems (SPS). Fire protection systems must have:

■ reliability and resistance to hazardous fire factors during the time required to achieve the goals of ensuring fire safety (clause 3. Art. 51).

AUPS should provide:

■ automatic fire detection in the time required to activate fire warning systems (clause 1 of article 54);

■ automatic fire detection, supply of control signals to technical means of alerting people about a fire and evacuation of people, control devices for fire extinguishing installations, technical means of controlling the smoke protection system, engineering and technological equipment (clause 4. Art. 83);

■ automatic informing of the personnel on duty about the occurrence of a malfunction of the communication lines between the individual technical means that are part of the installations (clause 5, article 83);

■ supply of light and sound signals of a fire to the receiving and control device in the premises of the duty personnel or to special remote warning devices, and in buildings of functional fire hazard classes F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 - with duplication of these signals to the control panel of the fire department without the participation of employees of the facility and / or the organization transmitting this signal.

Fire detectors should:

■ be located in a protected room in such a way as to ensure timely detection of a fire at any point in this room (clause 8, article 83).

Technical means of AUPS should:

■ ensure electrical and information compatibility with each other, as well as with other interacting technical means (clause 1 of article 103);

■ be resistant to electromagnetic interference with the maximum permissible level values typical for the protected object (clause 5, article 103);

■ ensure electrical safety. Cable lines and wiring systems for fire detection, warning and evacuation control in case of fire, emergency lighting on escape routes, emergency ventilation and smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing, internal fire-fighting water supply, elevators for transporting fire protection units in buildings and structures should:

■ maintain performance in a fire during the time required to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2. Art. 82).

Communication lines between technical means of AUPS should:

■ maintain performance in a fire during the time required to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2. Art. 103).

AUPS fire equipment control devices should provide:

■ the principle of control in accordance with the type of controlled equipment and the requirements of a particular facility (clause 3. of article 103, oddly enough, this requirement is in the requirements for AUPS).

The automatic drive of the actuators and devices of the supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems of buildings and structures must:

■ carried out when automatic fire extinguishing and / or fire alarm systems are triggered (clause 7. Article 85, this once again confirms that fire control devices for actuators are AUPS).

Those. all components of the AUPS have specific requirements for their purpose. These requirements are of an exclusively generalized nature without disclosing the mechanisms of their implementation. It would seem that what is easier - to take these requirements and consistently, step by step, reveal and concretize them.

These are the main challenges facing developers of fire alarm requirements. In order, what is achieved by what:

■ reliability of fire detection;

■ timeliness of fire detection;

■ stability of AUPS and SPS to external environmental influences;

■ control over the current state of APS and SPS by the personnel on duty;

■ interaction of AUPS and SPS with other fire protection subsystems;

■ safety of people from electric shock.

Instead, in the new draft code of rules SP 5.13130, we again see a set of disparate rules: how and in what quantity to place fire detectors (IP), lay fire alarm loops and connect them to control and monitoring devices. And all this without any indication of the tasks to be solved. This is very reminiscent of a rather complicated recipe for making Christmas pudding.

And what will the inspector be like? Having found a discrepancy with the set of rules of SP 5.13130 at the facility, it is necessary to tie it to the requirements of Federal Law No. 123 in order to substantiate your claims in the courts. In this edition, as in the previous one, it will be very difficult to find such a binding.

The GOSTs of the Soviet period described how to make the same bike. Several wheel sizes were standardized, and therefore the spokes to them, the size of the steering wheel and seat, the diameter of the frame tubes, etc. In modern Russia, a completely new approach has been adopted to national standards. Now the requirements for the final product are spelled out in national standards, and not how to make it. And then, for the most part, in terms of ensuring human security in various areas. There is compliance with the requirements - good, no - it is not subject to commissioning or further use. This is how all other types of regulatory documents should be.

RULES AND THEIR PLACE IN PRACTICE

The very concept of "rule" is deeply rooted in the philosophy of the life of an individual or a community of individuals. Any rules are followed by people on a voluntary basis, based on understanding and perception of the correctness of their actions. Here's a tautology.

There are rules of conduct in society, rules of etiquette, rules of conduct on the water, traffic rules, etc. There are also unwritten rules. In different countries, they may all be fundamentally different in their essence and content. There are simply no universal rules.

The rules are aimed either at creating a comfortable living environment, incl. ensuring the necessary safety in all areas of human activity, or for other specific tasks related to the performance or implementation of certain processes.

But the rules cannot be without exceptions, and how much it is permissible to deviate from the rules is determined by the requirements for the final result of the activity. Sometimes these requirements are more important than the rules themselves.

But before forming these or those rules, it is necessary to develop criteria for assessing and / or a procedure for developing these rules. The top level of rules must be formed to create the bottom level of rules. Neglecting the upper level or its absence will not allow you to create a really doable lower level of rules in life. And this turned out to be the main problem of the work of the authors of the FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation on the set of rules of SP 5.13130.

In our case, the highest level of rules should be Federal Law No. 123. After all, it formulates the main tasks. The second level should be a document describing the requirements for the final product, for example, in our case, for a fire alarm. But as a guide to the labyrinths between the tasks at hand and the specific requirements for the final result, there should be rules describing how to do this. These rules will act as recommendations that can be followed or not, if there is a justification for that. And since the requirements for the result are laid down in the first two upper levels, there is no contradiction in this.

CODE OF RULES SP 5.13130: ORIGIN AND CONTRADICTIONS

The structure and construction principle of the set of rules SP 5.13130 “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design ”only on the first page looks modern, but the essence of this document has not changed over the past 30 years. The roots of this document lie in the "Instruction for the design of fire extinguishing installations" CH75-76. If we take his follower SNiP 2.04.09-84 "Fire automatics of buildings and structures", then he and his further followers NPB 88-2001 and the draft of the new edition of SP 5.13130 are absolutely similar.

Would you like an example, please. SNiP 2.04.09-84 has the following requirement:

"4.23. In justified cases, it is allowed to install control and monitoring devices in rooms without personnel on duty around the clock while ensuring the transmission of fire notifications and malfunctions to the fire station room or another room with personnel on duty around the clock, and ensuring control of communication channels. "

We had the same thing in the interim normative document NPB 88-2001 “Fire extinguishing and alarm installations. Norms and rules of design ".

In the draft SP 5.13130 presented for re-discussion, we again find:

"14.14.7. In justified cases, it is allowed to install these devices in rooms without personnel on duty around the clock, while ensuring the separate transmission of notifications about fire, malfunction, the state of technical equipment to the room with personnel on duty around the clock, and ensuring control of the notification transmission channels. "

And now there is a contradiction. Article 46 of the Federal Law No. 123 provides a list of technical means of fire automation. And it has a component - a notification transmission system. The components of these systems transmit the aforementioned signals from the receiving-control device, and display them on their indicators, and, most importantly, control the notification transmission channel. And the requirements for them are in GOST R 53325-2012. You don't have to invent anything. But the authors of the set of rules of laws do not read ... And such examples with the wording “cart and small cart” outdated for 30 years.

It got to the point that the very name of SP 5.13130 in its discussed version would contradict the law that gave rise to it. The law spelled out the term "automatic fire alarm systems (AUPS)". And in the set of rules - "fire alarm systems (SPS)", which, according to the same law, are defined only as a combination of several such installations. All the requirements in the law, as I showed it a little earlier, are spelled out for the AUPS, and not for the ATP. What is simpler is to indicate in the introduction that the requirements for fire alarm systems and their automatic fire alarm installations are identical, and the question would be closed. Here it is, the legal purity of our fire safety standards. And most importantly, the tasks in the Federal Law No. 123 generally "remained behind the scenes." And I will try to show this with a few examples.

Hardly anyone remembers where the requirements for the organization of fire alarm control zones appeared in our standards (now it is clause 13.2.1 in SP5.13130.2009).

Even in the "Manual for the rules of production and acceptance of work. Installations of security, fire and security-fire alarms "dated 1983, it was provided that:

"For administrative buildings (premises), it is allowed to block up to ten fire alarm loops with one loop, and up to 20 rooms with a common corridor or adjacent in the presence of an external alarm from each room."

It was then only about the use of thermal power supplies, there were no others yet. And about the maximum savings, both the technical means of fire alarm themselves and cable products. At one time, this allowed a fairly large administrative facility to be equipped with only one single-loop control panel of the UOTS-1-1 type.

Subsequently, in SNiP 2.04.09-84, the situation changes somewhat:

"Automatic fire detectors of one fire alarm loop are allowed to control up to ten in public, residential and auxiliary buildings, and with remote light signaling from automatic fire detectors and installing it above the entrance to the controlled room, up to twenty adjacent or isolated rooms located on one floor and having access to a common corridor (room) ".

By this time, smoke detectors had already appeared, and therefore the scope of application of this standard in terms of the purpose of premises was expanded.

And in NPB 88-2001, the concept of "control zone" appears:

"12.13. It is allowed to equip a control zone with one fire alarm loop with fire detectors that do not have an address, including:

Premises located on no more than 2 interconnected floors, with a total area of the premises of 300 m2 or less;

Up to ten isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of not more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, lobby, etc .;

Up to twenty isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of no more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, lobby, etc., in the presence of a remote light signaling about fire detectors activation above the entrance to each controlled room ".

Whether these sizes of areas have made any changes in the practice of applying this rule, it is unlikely. But a lot of work has been done, there is something to be proud of.

Approximately the same requirement for the control capabilities of one fire alarm loop with fire-fighting broadcasters that do not have an address is provided for in the project SP 5.13130. Why this happened, how it is determined, no one can say. There is such a norm, born 35 years ago, which has undergone several changes along the way, but has no foundation at all. The authors of fire regulations have enough other worries. It's like rolling a snowball, in which the original task is completely forgotten. If we are trying to solve the issues of survivability of fire alarm systems in this way, then why are we talking only about threshold loops with conventional detectors. During this time, addressable and analogue addressable systems have taken their due place, but for some reason, restrictions on the same survivability are not imposed on them. And all because the zoning of AUPS is not yet perceived as one of the components of the struggle for their survivability, as it was done from the very beginning in the foreign system of rationing, from which the aforementioned figures were taken. This once again shows that the authors of the document are not trying to solve the tasks at hand. It's time to bake Easter cakes, and not make adjustments to the existing recipe for making Christmas pudding.

And what is the worth of another attempt to introduce stupidity into SP 5.13130, which can confuse any competent specialist:

"14.1.1. It is recommended to select the type of automatic fire detectors in accordance with their sensitivity to test centers in accordance with GOST R 53325 ".

Test foci for all types of PV, with the exception of special additional test foci for aspiration, are the same. And the task of any individual entrepreneur is to pass these tests. And no one and nowhere will find specific numerical indicators of this sensitivity to test fires so that one specific detector can be compared with another and make a choice. Apparently, this was done only in order not to make serious changes to the source text from NPB 88-2001:

"12.1. The choice of the type of point smoke detector is recommended in accordance with its ability to detect various types of smoke, which can be determined in accordance with GOST R 50898 ".

But in the edition of NPB 88-2001 it was already unprofessional. A smoke detector is required to detect all types of fumes, otherwise it cannot be called a smoke detector. It is necessary to solve the problem of reliable and timely fire detection from completely different positions, and not try to replace one stupidity with another. It would be good, first of all, to determine such characteristics of the system as the timeliness and reliability of fire detection, how they are determined, achieved and how to normalize them. And only after that give any recommendations.

In my opinion, without a clear understanding of the meaning of these characteristics, one cannot speak of any efficiency of the fire alarm itself, and this requires serious study and discussion.

And here, in the draft of the new edition of SP 5.13130, there is also a new somersault - attempts were discovered to give some preferences to gas firefighters from broadcasters, with whom for ten years abroad they have finally decided, and not in their favor.

All of the above examples are the results of haphazard work. The absence of requirements for the main characteristics of APS is replaced by a chaotic set of particular design rules.

The set of rules of the joint venture 5.13130 is a regulatory document of the lower level. And sooner or later, it will be necessary to develop a national standard instead. But with JV 5.13130 in its current edition, we don't even have to talk about it.

SOME FLASHBACK INTO THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

The European standard EN 54-14 "Requirements for planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance" directly in the introduction states:

"1. Application area

This standard sets out the mandatory requirements for the use of automatic fire alarm systems, i.e. detection and / or warning in the event of a fire. The standard addresses the planning and design of fire alarm systems, their installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance. "

Pay attention to the term "requirements" used. And these requirements apply specifically to the final product - fire alarm.

There is no need to separate design, installation, operation and maintenance according to different regulations. Note that in our country, no documents have yet been created neither for the installation, nor for the operation and maintenance of fire alarms. Fire alarm requirements at all stages of the life cycle should remain unchanged. And now it is simply impossible to make claims for the non-compliance of the operated fire alarm system with the existing requirements on the basis of the existing regulatory documents. One was designed, it was already mounted differently, and in the process of several years of operation and maintenance, a third appeared. And this question in EN 54-14 was closed forever.

And now, for example, another of the general provisions from EN 54-14:

"6.4.1. Fire detectors: General

When choosing the type of detectors, the following factors should be considered:

The type of materials at the protected object and their flammability;

The size and location of the premises (especially the height of the ceiling);

Availability of ventilation and heating;

Indoor environmental conditions;

The likelihood of false positives;

Normative acts. The selected type of fire detectors must, taking into account the environmental conditions in the places where they are planned to be installed, ensure the earliest possible guaranteed fire detection and transmission of a fire alarm signal. There are no types of detectors that are suitable for use in all conditions. Ultimately, this choice depends on specific conditions. "

And only after that, specific instructions are given on the use of each type of IP, which to some extent are also available in our SP 5.13130.

However, there are also fundamental differences. One of the factors influencing the choice of the IP, as can be seen from the above list, is the probability of false positives. And this concept found its place in EN 54-14:

"4.5. False alarm

False alarms and the associated malfunction of the system is a serious problem and can result in a real fire alarm being ignored. Therefore, those responsible for planning, installing and operating the system must pay close attention to avoiding false alarms. ”

So in many national standards, which are sometimes more stringent than the general European ones, for more than ten years they have been standardizing the probability of false alarms. Here it is, the approach of real experts in their field.

And in our country at this time, the authors of the norms prefer not to give direct answers to questions from many years of everyday practice. Or maybe they deliberately do so that you can constantly communicate with the people through letters of clarification and letters of "happiness."

What is only one requirement below in the draft SP 5.13130:

"18.5. The required probability of failure-free operation of technical means, adopted in accordance with the methodology for calculating risks depending on the fire hazard of an object, is provided by the reliability parameters of technical means of a particular system during functional checks during operation, with a calculated frequency in accordance with Comments to ".

That is, before developing working documentation for a fire alarm and determining the required probability of failure-free operation, it is necessary to carry out a functional check during the operation of this particular fire alarm at this particular facility with a certain frequency. Do you think someone will be guided by this when designing? And then why write such a rule?

PROPOSALS FOR THE FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR A FIRE ALARM

In order to have a causal relationship of fire alarm requirements between the Federal Law of 22.07.2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" and the new regulatory document, it is proposed to state it in the following form.

List the tasks to be solved in the same sequence as I did at the very beginning of this article: reliability of fire detection, timeliness of fire detection, resistance of AUPS and SPS to external environmental influences, control over the current state of AUPS and SPS by the personnel on duty, interaction of AUPS and SPS with other subsystems of fire protection, safety of people from electric shock, and only after that disclose each component.

It might look like this: 1. The reliability of fire detection is ensured by:

■ choosing the type of IP;

■ formation of fire alarm control zones;

■ an algorithm for making a decision about a fire;

■ protection against false positives.

1.1. Selecting the type of IP:

1.1.1. The EITI allows ...

1.1.2. IPT allows ...

1.1.3. IPDL allow ...

1.1.4. IPDA allow.

1.2. Formation of fire alarm control zones:

Why are they formed, what restrictions are imposed on them?

1.3. Fire decision-making algorithms that increase reliability:

1.3.1. ... "Fire 1". "Fire 2".

1.3.2. ... "Attention" ... "Fire". 1.4. Protection against false positives:

1.4.1. Using combined power supplies ...

1.4.2. Using multicriteria PI ... (just first you need to understand what it is).

1.4.3. The use of MT with protection against particles that are not combustion products ...

1.4.4. The degree of rigidity of technical means of fire automation to electromagnetic influences.

2. Timeliness of fire detection is ensured by:

2.1. Place thermal IPs this way and that.

2.2. Smoke point PI to place ...

2.3. Manual call points should be placed.

3. The stability of AUPS and SPS to external influences is achieved:

■ selection of the appropriate topology for building the installation or fire alarm system;

■ resistance to external mechanical influences;

■ resistance to electromagnetic interference;

■ stability of communication lines in fire conditions;

■ redundancy of power supplies and power lines.

3.1. Choice of structure topology.

3.2. Resistance to external mechanical influences:

3.2.1. The devices should be placed ...

3.2.2. Communication lines should be laid.

3.3. Stability of communication lines under fire conditions.

3.4. Immunity to electromagnetic interference.

3.5. Power requirements.

4. Visualization of the current state of AUPS and ATP is provided by:

4.1. The personnel on duty must have continuous visual and audible control.

4.2. The personnel on duty must have access to the necessary information ...

4.3. The personnel on duty must have access to the controls for operational intervention.

5. Interaction of AUPS with other fire protection subsystems:

5.1. AUPT and SOUE type 5 should be controlled.

5.2. Control of SOUE 1-4 types should be carried out.

5.3. Smoke ventilation must be controlled.

5.4. Fire signals from objects of the fire category F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, and F4.2 must be duplicated ...

5.5. Fire signals from objects that do not have 24-hour fire posts must be transmitted ...

5.6. Compatibility of various technical means of fire automation with each other.

6. Ensuring the safety of people from electric shock is ensured by:

6.1. Grounding ...

6.2. Controls must be protected from accidental access.

This, of course, is not a dogma, it can be viewed as one of the proposals for the structure of the new document.

As soon as the requirements already existing in SP 5.13130 are arranged according to the proposed places, it will become clear whether they are enough to solve the tasks at hand or not. Requirements will appear that have never found a place in this structure. In this case, you will have to assess their need. It is quite possible that some of the provisions or rules would make sense to concentrate in some recommendations, which may not be mandatory for implementation.

I can say that in the process of working on such a structure of a fundamentally new document, many new problems will appear. For example, how to correlate the required reliability of fire detection and the timeliness of detection. If increased timeliness of detection is required, then two MTs located in the same room must be switched on according to the "OR" scheme, otherwise one MT is sufficient, if, at the same time, some other boundary conditions are met. And, if increased reliability is required to the detriment of the timeliness of detection, then these two IPs will have to be switched on according to the "I" scheme. Who should make this decision, and in what case?

A LITTLE ABOUT THE DISEASE

Immediately I would like to recall the issue of electrical and information compatibility of various technical means of fire automation with each other. In order to minimize the cost of technical means of fire automation, a decision is often made to use one unit from one manufacturer, another unit from a second manufacturer. And the third from the third. Those. there is a crossing between hedgehogs and snakes. The draft of the new edition states that for this they must be compatible with each other. Only now there is nothing about who should check and evaluate this compatibility. If we are talking about the products of one manufacturer, then this is checked in the course of certification tests by specially trained experts.

But the right to combine components of devices from different manufacturers among themselves is given to anyone. Miracles, and nothing more. To my corresponding question to the authors of such a norm, I was given the answer that after all this is done by "experienced specialists." Then why in the set of rules for these "experienced specialists" are indicated so many small and detailed features for laying fire alarm loops and other small things. Why transfer so much paper to this? If necessary, they will figure it out themselves. This is how the authors approach their own regulations.

And I also want to return to the place of fire control devices, which I have already mentioned twice here. If we take the codes of practice for related fire protection systems (for alerting people about a fire, smoke protection, internal fire water supply, elevators, etc.), then they only talk about the procedure for using final executive devices (sirens, fans, electric drives, valves, etc.). It is understood that the signals to them come from installations or fire alarm systems, but nothing has been written about the use of fire control devices to control these executive devices. Thus, for many years now, a whole link in the form of control devices has dropped out of the norms. Everyone knows about this, but until now all the authors of fire safety regulations carefully bypass this topic, each at the same time nods to the Federal Law No. 123. Only here, according to the law in paragraph 3. of Art. 103 and in paragraph 3. of Art. 103 these control devices, strange as it may seem, relate to fire alarms. Perhaps this is not so bad. Only then should they be taken into account in the relevant requirements. There should be no blank spots in fire safety.

CONCLUSION OR CONCLUSION

If you do not carry out work on a radical revision of the principle of construction and the content of the set of rules of SP 5.13130, then we will not have to talk about its problem-free application in practice. Further rolling of the snowball will not give results, everyone has long understood this. In more than 30 years of "perfecting" it, too much has changed. Without identifying the tasks facing this document, we will never achieve them, and it will remain a kind of cookbook with a very complex and contradictory recipe. We hope that the employees of the FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia will find a solution to this problem, otherwise the public will have to be involved.

13.3.1 The number of automatic fire detectors is determined by the need to detect fires in the controlled area of the premises or areas of the premises, and the number of flame detectors is determined by the controlled area of the equipment.
13.3.2 In each protected room, at least two fire detectors should be installed, connected according to the "OR" logic circuit.

Note:

In the case of using an aspirating detector, unless specifically specified, it is necessary to proceed from the following position: one air intake hole should be considered as one point (non-address) fire detector. In this case, the detector must generate a malfunction signal in the event of a deviation of the air flow rate in the air intake pipe by 20% from its initial value set as an operating parameter.

13.3.3 It is allowed to install one automatic fire detector in the protected room or allocated parts of the room, if the following conditions are met simultaneously:

a) the area of the room is not more than the area to be protected
fire detector specified in the technical
documentation for it, and no more than the average area,
specified in tables 13.3 - 13.6;

b) automatic performance monitoring is provided
fire detector in conditions of exposure to factors
the external environment, confirming the fulfillment of his
functions, and a notification of serviceability is generated
(malfunctions) on the control panel;

c) identification of a faulty detector with
by means of light indication and the possibility of its replacement
duty personnel for a specified time, determined
in accordance with Appendix O;
d) when a fire detector is triggered, it is not generated
signal to control fire extinguishing installations
or fire warning systems of the 5th type by, as well
other systems, the malfunction of which can
lead to unacceptable material losses or reduction
the level of safety of people.

13.3.4 Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling. If it is impossible to install the detectors directly on the ceiling, they can be installed on cables, as well as on walls, columns and other supporting building structures. When installing point detectors on walls, they should be placed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the corner and at a distance from the ceiling in accordance with Appendix P. can be determined in accordance with Appendix P or at other heights, if the detection time is sufficient to perform fire protection tasks in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, which must be confirmed by calculation. When suspending the detectors on a cable, their stable position and orientation in space must be ensured. In the case of using aspiration detectors, it is allowed to install air intake pipes, both in the horizontal and in the vertical plane.
When placing fire detectors at a height of more than 6 m, the option of access to the detectors for maintenance and repair must be determined.
13.3.5 In rooms with steep roofs, for example, diagonal, gable, hipped, hipped, serrated, with an inclination of more than 10 degrees, some of the detectors are installed in the vertical plane of the roof ridge or the highest part of the building.
The area protected by one detector installed in the roof tops is increased by 20%.

Note:

If the floor plane has different slopes, then the detectors are installed near surfaces with smaller slopes.

13.3.6 The placement of point heat and smoke detectors should be carried out taking into account the air flows in the protected room caused by supply or exhaust ventilation, while the distance from the detector to the ventilation hole should be at least 1 m.In the case of an aspirating fire detector, the distance from the air intake pipe with holes to the ventilation opening is regulated by the allowable air flow for a given type of detector.

13.3.7 The distances between the detectors, as well as between the wall and the detectors, given in Tables 13.3 and 13.5, can be changed within the area shown in Tables 13.3 and 13.5.
13.3.8 If there are linear beams on the ceiling (Figure 1), the distances between the point smoke and heat detectors across the M beams are determined according to Table 13.1. The distance of the outermost detector from the wall should not exceed half M. The distance between the detectors L is determined according to Tables 13.3 and 13.5, respectively, taking into account clause 13.3.10.

Table 13.1

Ceiling height (rounded to the nearest whole number) N, m	Beam height, D, m	Maximum distance between two smoke (heat) detectors across beams, M, m
Until 3	More than 0.1 N	2,3 (1,5)
Up to 4	More than 0.1 N	2,8 (2,0)
Up to 5	More than 0.1 N	3,0 (2,3)
Until 6	More than 0.1 N	3,3 (2,5)
Up to 12	More than 0.1 N	5,0 (3,8)

M- the distance between the detectors across the beams; L- distance between detectors along the beams

Picture 1- Beamed ceiling

On ceilings with beams in the form of cells, resembling a honeycomb (Figure 2), detectors are installed in accordance with Table 13.2.

SP 5.13130.2013 Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and extinguishing installations. Norms and rules of design

1 area of use
2. Normative references
3. Terms, definitions, designations and abbreviations
4. Abbreviations
5. General provisions
6. Water and foam fire extinguishing installations
7. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
8. Robotic fire extinguishing complexes
9. Installations of gas fire extinguishing
10. Installations of powder fire extinguishing of modular type
11. Installations of aerosol fire extinguishing
12. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
13. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
14. Fire alarm systems
15. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of facilities
16. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
17. Protective grounding and grounding. Safety requirements
18. General provisions taken into account when choosing technical means of fire automation
Appendix A. The list of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms
Appendix B. Groups of premises (production and technological processes) according to the degree of danger of fire development, depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
Appendix B. Methodology for calculating the parameters of AUP for surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
Appendix D. Methodology for calculating the parameters of fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
Appendix D. Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
Appendix E. Methodology for calculating the mass of a gas extinguishing agent for gas extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
Appendix G. Method of hydraulic calculation of low pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
Appendix H. Methodology for calculating the area of the opening for relieving excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
Appendix I. General provisions for the calculation of modular-type powder fire extinguishing installations
Appendix K. Methodology for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
Appendix L. Method for calculating overpressure when supplying a fire extinguishing aerosol to a room
Appendix M. Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
Appendix H. Installation locations of manual call points, depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
Appendix O. Determination of the set time for detecting a malfunction and its elimination
Appendix P. Distances from the upper point of overlap to the measuring element of the detector
Appendix P. Methods for increasing the reliability of a fire signal
Appendix C. Application of fire detectors when equipping residential buildings with automatic fire alarms
Bibliography

FOREWORD

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the development rules - by the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 "On the procedure for the development and approval of sets of rules ".

Application of SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" ensures compliance with the requirements for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those erected in areas with special climatic and natural conditions established by the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ "Technical regulations on fire safety requirements."

Information about the set of rules SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design rules and regulations":

DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense "(FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia)
APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by order of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia)
REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
REPLACE

1 AREA OF USE

1.1 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" establishes standards and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

1.2 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those erected in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The list of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms is given in Appendix A.

1.3 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design rules and regulations" does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing installations:

buildings and structures designed according to special standards;
technological installations located outside buildings;
warehouse buildings with mobile shelving;
warehouse buildings for storing aerosol products;
warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m;
cable structures;
reservoirs of petroleum products.

1.4 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

those reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals, etc.);
decomposing when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of combustible gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, hydrides of aluminum, zinc, magnesium, etc.);
interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite, etc.);
spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5 SP 5.13130.2013 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design rules and regulations" can be used in the development of special technical specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.