Everyone dreams of expanding the usable area of ​​the home. But the area of ​​the house does not always allow equipping, for example, an extension. One of the best solutions in this case is the construction of an attic roof - an additional footage with minimal investment.

Such a roof is built quite easily and quickly. And with the help of a few friends, you can save on labor.

To build a mansard roof yourself, you need to arm yourself with knowledge in this area to the maximum. Read more about the device of the attic roof. So, mansard roofs are:

- 1 level - the building has outboard consoles, a large area and vertical windows. An attic with a single-level roof extends beyond the level of one of the sides of the house;

- in 2 levels - a project that has a mixed type of support. This type of roof is the most difficult at all stages of construction; it is designed together with the house;
- gable - superstructures for the attic in one level, easy to install. The main disadvantage is the small area and low ceilings;

- gable broken lines - buildings with 4 pitched planes at different angles. A little more complicated than the previous version, but among the advantages is a full-fledged interior.

Different projects of attic roofs almost do not differ from standard pitched roofs and include the following elements:

• roof - appearance and protection from precipitation;
• lathing - the base for roofing and insulation materials;
• ridge - the crown of the rafter structure;
• rafters - inclined stiffeners of the entire structure;
• Mauerlat - base beams for installing a rafter system;
• diagonal bevels - ties for longitudinal beams and vertical posts;
• internal beams - supports for ridge girders and / or rafters for structural stability;
• insulation - construction of layers of steam, hydro, heat and sound insulation.

Mansard roof in a private house - photo under construction

To erect, for example, a slate roof of this type, you will need:

• wood - beams (15, 12, 10), unedged boards, boards 40-50mm by 150mm;
• nails - 80 and slate;
• wire - annealed (3-4mm) and for stretch marks;
• slate;
• insulation;
• hydro-barrier.

Tools for building a mansard roof, most likely, do not even have to buy:

• roulette;
• axe;
• hammer;
• construction stapler;
• plumb line;
• hacksaw.

The angle of inclination of the roof provides precipitation relief, but takes the height of the room. That is, the smaller the angle of inclination, the larger the area of ​​the room itself will come out. Partially, the usable area of ​​the attic is also reduced due to insulation for the roof. Read which ones exist and how to stack them correctly.

Mansard roof construction technology

The technology for erecting a mansard roof has some subtleties:

- the thickness of the rafters must be more than 250 mm. This is necessary for comfortable laying of the insulating layer of 20 cm. The rafters can be made from glued laminated timber;

- for thermal insulation it is better to use expanded polystyrene or glass - they retain their properties even with an increase in humidity;

- ventilation must be installed between the insulating layer and the roof in accordance with all the rules - with hoods and vents so that the air circulates freely under the surface of the building;

In order for the roof to be of high quality and reliable, it must have excellent ventilation, thermal insulation, and a high-quality rafter structure made of treated wood.

- the inner side of the insulation needs a vapor barrier over the entire surface;

- a layer of hydro-, if necessary, soundproofing is laid out under the roof from the outside of the rafters;

- wood for the entire structure must be treated with special agents from microorganisms and fire, according to the requirements of SNiP;

- if the mansard roof is installed in windy areas, it is worth reducing the angle of its inclination;

- if the house is located in a quiet, windless place, you need to increase the angle of inclination;

- such roofs are covered with ceramic tiles or slate. Metal, due to its low thermal insulation properties, is not recommended;

- for thermal insulation it is necessary to use non-combustible materials;

- the mansard roof provides for the presence of a ladder.

The external staircase will not take up the area of ​​the house, but the attic can only be accessed from the street. Internal - much more convenient, but takes up space in the house. To solve this problem, you can install a ceiling ladder with a hinge or a helical structure. And how to choose the second floor according to GOST, read our instructions.

Phased construction of a mansard roof

Before erecting a roof, you must:

• Conduct an examination of the building to determine the maximum load for the walls and foundation.
• Develop an attic project.
• Obtain permission documents:

1. from city authorities for construction and reconstruction;
2. an expert opinion on the house;
3. permission from all owners.

Rafters of a sloping attic roof - diagram

After designing the roof and the preparatory process, you can start building:

1. We lay and fasten the Mauerlat around the perimeter of the house - a beam of 100 to 100.
2. Installing the frame. The racks of the frame will serve as the supports of the rafter structure. For its device, take a bar with a section similar to the section of the longitudinal beams. Vertical posts are placed along the edges of the building and attached to the longitudinal beams using corners and self-tapping screws. We make a jumper on top of each rack.
3. We mount the rest of the arches. Between the two arches formed at the previous stage of installation, we stretch the cord strictly horizontally. The rest of the arches are installed with a reference to the cord and a step for the rafters. We connect the arch with stamped corners or nail plates as lintels.
4. We pass to the rafters. We cut their upper ends at a certain angle. On the bases of the beams, we cut out the grooves for mounting on the Mauerlat. The rafters are fixed to the base structure. Then, according to the template, cut the upper rafters and also put them in their places. Also check out more details for the attic.
5. We mount the crate with boards or plywood sheets.
6. We lay a layer of steam and thermal insulation. The layers are installed from the inside of the rafters. We fill the crate over the insulation.
7. On the outside of the rafters, we mount a waterproofing layer.
8. The last step will be the installation of the roofing material of the selected material. The roof layer is mounted on top of the waterproofing.
9. Do not forget about ventilation windows, as well as window openings. Of course, a window can only be installed in gables, but two windows are unlikely to provide sufficient lighting.

How much will it cost to build a mansard roof

Consider the prices for materials for the attic roof, given that the construction will be carried out independently.

The price of insulation (mineral wool) depends on the density per cubic meter and the basis:

• on fiberglass - 1400-2500 rubles. per cubic meter;
• on basalt fiber - 1100-2000 rubles. per cubic meter;
• on jute fiber - 10-16 rubles. per running meter.

Roofing materials do not differ much in price:

• bituminous tiles - about 340 rubles. per square;
• metal tiles - about 250 rubles. per square.

Calculations of the final cost of the building are made based on the area of ​​the mansard roof.

Video

About the construction of a mansard roof with your own hands in the video. About the technology itself clearly and a few useful tips.

A mansard roof is an ideal solution for expanding the area of ​​the house. Having enlisted the support of several people and armed with the knowledge of building a structure, you can quickly build a functional and reliable mansard roof for many years of use.

Modern people try to use the area of ​​their home as efficiently as possible. Therefore, the proposal to equip additional space under the roof is always met with enthusiasm. It is much easier to plan the construction of an attic at the stage of building a house, but you can make an additional superstructure over the old building.

How to make an attic in an old house

The presence of an attic not only increases the living space, but also gives the building a colorful look.

The attic transforms a country house into a fabulous building

An old house can be renovated by building a superstructure in accordance with existing regulations.

The superstructure of the attic begins with the strength calculations of the old house.

First, you need to decide whether the existing foundation and walls can withstand the load of the attic floor and the new roof. If they have a sufficient margin of safety, then you can start remodeling the house. Otherwise, they should be strengthened.

Old brick walls sometimes seem strong, but with additional stress, cracks may appear in the mortar over time. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately consider their condition, and, if necessary, tie them with a rigid belt. This is done as follows:

• metal pillars with a section of 10x10 cm are inserted into the foundation with the lower edge, and the upper edge is connected to the armored belt of the first floor. Installed around the perimeter of the house every 2 meters;
• metal reinforcement with a cross section of 12 mm fits into the punches and ties the house along the walls: from the bottom of the window every 2 meters up;
• a metal mesh with a cell size of 2x2 cm is laid on top of the reinforcement, which is covered with plaster after all work is completed.

The foundation is strengthened by tying with a reinforcing belt from all sides.

If the old foundation cannot withstand the attic, then it must be sheathed with reinforcement

Having decided on the strengthening of the building, you can proceed to the choice of the project for the future superstructure. It should look harmoniously against the background of other buildings and match the style of the whole house.

The type of attic roof will determine the calculation of the size of the inner upper room and the necessary materials for construction.

There are several types of attics:

• one-level with a gable roof - low ceilings with a small living area;

  A single-level attic with a gable roof is the simplest type of superstructure for small buildings

• single-level with a sloping gable roof - increased internal space, but a serious investment of money and time for construction;

  A single-level attic with a sloping gable roof is usually built on a brick house

• single-level with cantilever outlets - a complex design that allows you to get even more area, since the attic frame extends beyond the building, and the windows are installed vertically;

  One-level attic with cantilever outriggers allows you to get a lot of internal space by increasing the upper structure

• multi-level with mixed roof support - used in the construction of a new house, erected only by specialists.

  A multi-level attic with a mixed roof support on old houses is usually not installed due to the complexity and large amount of work

Video: reworking half of the old roof into the attic - a lightweight way

Converting a roof into an attic is a relatively cheap way to increase living space. In a private house, a pitched roof is usually installed, so you can make an additional spacious and bright room with your own hands.

Internal lining with wood makes the attic warm and light

And if the house is large enough in length, then the attic can turn into a real floor: with several rooms and even a balcony.

Large attic allows you to divide the area into different living areas

Benefits of creating an attic:

• the possibility of arranging one or more new living rooms;

  An attic with low ceilings under a gable roof is most conveniently furnished with low sun loungers.

• small costs compared to the construction of a full floor or a side extension to the house;
• renovation of the external appearance of the building;

  A house with an attic under construction always attracts the glances of passers-by and interests in the final result

• the opportunity to observe a beautiful view from the attic window.

  A lot of sunlight passes through the windows in the attic, illuminating the room all day

However, this solution also has certain disadvantages, which must also be taken into account:

• the need for insulation and soundproofing of the ceiling and a new roof, the installation of several double-glazed windows;
• the difficulty of carrying out additional heating and lighting in the upper part of the old house - you will have to combine it with home wiring or use an autonomous connection;

  To heat the attic with access to the balcony, you can use a stove-stove

• layout of a part of the home space under the stairs leading to the attic;

  The stairs leading to the attic must be fenced for safety

• the need to purchase special furniture for a sloped roof or purchase squat models: low cabinets, sofas and tables.

  Low-rise furniture is best suited for the interior of the attic

The presence of inclined walls makes the room unusual and romantic, but with such a decision, you will have to take a more responsible approach to the design. You can make furniture for an inclined superstructure yourself or assemble a single complex from the existing multi-level models, painting everything in one color.

Furniture that repeats the slope of the attic can be made independently

So, the main disadvantage of remodeling an attic space for an attic is the need to invest, but it's worth it.

Building an attic is much cheaper than building an additional floor, no matter what materials are used to build the walls. Indeed, to create them, you will need the main material, insulation and decoration, while for the attic superstructure you only need a roofing insulation and a new rafter system.

The superstructure is made in a symmetrical or asymmetrical form. Internal walls are designed both sloped and vertical.

Having studied the schemes of single-level attics with different types of roofs, it is easier to make a choice when planning

Alteration of an attic into an attic does not require the dismantling of all existing structures. But you need to make sure of the reliability of the ceiling: check its condition, reinforce it with wooden or metal beams, sheathe it with a new board. Then it can support the weight of furniture and people.

For frequent ascent to the attic, you will need to make a comfortable staircase, provide for the installation of ventilation, natural and artificial lighting, and complete interior decoration - all this will create a cozy and comfortable room.

Slant roof superstructure, decorated in light colors, visually enlarges the space, and color spots add brightness to the interior

When building an attic floor, the following conditions must be met:

• rafters are made of glued beams with a thickness of at least 250 mm, so that you can lay the required amount of insulation;
• for insulation, expanded polystyrene is used due to its low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics;
• a gap is left between the thermal insulation and the roofing material to ensure natural ventilation;
• a hydro- and soundproof layer must be laid.

Do-it-yourself roof alteration under the attic

During the construction of a house, there is usually not enough money, so many refuse to build a second floor. Or another situation may arise when an old one-story small house is purchased together with the plot. In both cases, there is an affordable option for increasing the place to live - rebuilding the attic space into the attic with your own hands.

Project creation

Before starting work, you need to draw up a plan and develop a project with accurate drawings. The correct calculation will allow you to get a cozy, durable and reliable room. You can perform all the calculations yourself or entrust it to specialists.

You can draw a plan and develop a draft design yourself by examining different options on the Internet

Strengthening the walls and foundation may be needed in the event of a complete replacement of the rafters. If the roof is partially redone, then reinforcement only for the overlap may be needed. You also need to immediately decide what types of windows will be used in the attic: the reinforcement in the rafter system will depend on this.

The location of all windows in the roof of the attic must be thought out in advance and these data must be entered into the project plan

Rafter system

Rafters can be layered or hanging. The former rest on the inner walls of the house or additional supports, and the latter on the outer walls.

In the attics, layered and hanging rafters are used.

Hanging rafters are best for the attic.

An attic with hanging rafters looks more beautiful and wins in the size of the internal area

The attic usually occupies the entire space of the attic, and its walls are combined with the external ones.

The best option for creating an attic is a layered rafter system

The rafter system consists of different load-bearing bars. To understand the structure of the entire structure and build it correctly, you need to understand the purpose and operation of its individual elements.

The image of the individual elements of the rafter system helps to understand the structure of the entire structure.

Re-equipment of the premises

With a sufficient height of the attic, the rafter system does not need to be redone. It is enough to inspect the old rafters, identify possible flaws and eliminate them.

If the rafter system is in good condition, you can start arranging the floor. Insulation is first laid between the lags, after which the surface is sheathed with ordinary boards or sheets of OSB, chipboard.

The attic floor is insulated and covered with boards

Before installing the insulation, all the necessary communications are mounted between the rafters, and places are cut into the roof for installing windows. carried out before insulation.

All wires and pipes of communications must be placed in special corrugations

Care must be taken to create natural ventilation of the under-roof space through the vents so that moisture does not accumulate inside the room.

Roof insulation

It is necessary to insulate the roof correctly and efficiently - the microclimate under the roof will depend on it. Usually mineral wool, foam or sprayed polyurethane foam are used as insulation.

A thick layer of heat insulator is tightly packed and fixed between the rafters so that there are no cracks and gaps anywhere. On the upper part of the roof - between the roof and the insulation - waterproofing is mounted, then the thermal insulation material is laid from the side of the room. Then, from the inside, the insulation is covered with a vapor barrier film.

For better ventilation, a small distance is left between the roofing material and the insulation: this is how air circulates through the holes in the cornice and ridge. If the roof is covered with corrugated sheets, then the thickness of the gap should be 25 mm, but if with flat material, then it should be brought to 50 mm.

When creating thermal insulation of the attic, the sequence of layers must be strictly observed

When planning the ascent to the attic, you need to take care of the convenience and safety of movement. Therefore, the staircase is usually installed inside the house. It is built of wood or metal: it can be either a screw or a marching structure.

The attic staircase can be of different types and designs, which allows it to fit into any interior

An opening is cut in the ceiling of the first floor, which is reinforced with a metal or wooden strapping around the perimeter.

The construction of the attic staircase must be strong, reliable, safe and beautiful.

Interior decoration

For wall cladding, in most cases, drywall plates are used, the seams between them are plastered. Wallpaper is glued on top or decorative plaster is applied. An alternative option is lining or natural wood.

If some rafters protrude through the walls into the attic, then they can be decorated as decorative elements and even used as a horizontal bar for hanging a hammock, swing, chandelier and other devices.

The design of the visible parts of the rafters in the interior of the attic is an interesting and creative business.

It is not recommended to use heavy finishing materials in the attic, as they increase the load on the walls, floor and foundation of the building.

There are many options for interior decoration of the attic, but it is advisable to use only light materials.

To cover the floor, you can use laminate or linoleum, but it is better to refuse tiles or porcelain stoneware.

Attic roof device

The roof of a residential superstructure should consist of the following layers (the order of location is from the street to the interior space):

Video: why and how to properly lay layers on the roof of the attic

Calculations of a mansard roof for a house

Determination of the total weight of the roof

To calculate the total weight of roofing materials, it is necessary to multiply the specific weight of one square meter of coverage by the total area of ​​the attic roof. To obtain the weight of one square meter, it is necessary to add up the specific gravity of all the materials that make up the roofing pie, and multiply it by the safety factor (1.1).

If the thickness of the lathing is 25 mm, then its specific gravity is 15 kg / m 2, insulation 10 cm thick has a specific gravity of 10 kg / m 2, and ondulin roofing material has a weight of 3 kg / m 2. It turns out: (15 + 10 + 3) x1.1 = 30.8 kg / m 2.

According to existing standards, the load on the floor in a residential building should not exceed 50 kg / m 2.

Determination of the roof area

To calculate the surface of a sloping roof, you need to break it down into simple shapes (square, rectangle, trapezoid, etc.) and determine their area, and then add everything up. To determine the surface of a gable roof, you need to multiply the length by the width, multiply the resulting value by two.

Table: determination of the roof area of ​​the attic

When calculating the angle of inclination, the climatic zone in which the house is located is taken into account, and the fact that it is convenient to move in full growth in the attic

It is also necessary to calculate the slope of the roof. Usually the angle is 45-60 degrees, but when determining it, one must take into account the climatic zone in which the house is located, the type of construction of the attic, snow and wind loads, and the architectural design of the house.

The greater the angle of inclination of the roof, the less the load on the rafter system will be, but the consumption of materials will increase.

Calculation of the rafter system

When choosing a rafter system, you can focus on the following options:

• hanging rafters;
• oblique type;
• ridge run;
• combined design.

If the length of the roof is more than 4.5 m, then support girders and struts can be used for reinforcement. With a length of more than 7 meters, a ridge beam is installed.

For wooden rafters, a bar with a thickness of at least 70 mm is used. The step of their installation should be 50 cm.

On a large area, it is better to mount a metal rafter system: by increasing the distance between the rafters, the absence of struts and struts, the weight of such a structure will be less than that of a wooden one, and the strength will increase significantly.

If the attic area is large, then it is better to install metal rafters.

Calculation of the required amount of materials

To carry out the calculation, you need to know the following parameters:

• width, thickness and pitch of rafters;
• distance from the edge of the roof to the rafters;
• the size of the boards for the crate and the step between them;
• size, type of roofing material and overlap between its sheets;
• type of steam, hydro and thermal insulation material.

The roof is divided into simple shapes and the required amount of each of the materials is determined. Simple mathematical formulas are used for this.

The results obtained are converted into standard values: for wood - in cubic meters, for roofing materials, steam, hydro and thermal insulation - in square meters. And you can go to the store.

Common mistakes

Most often, with an independent calculation, errors are obtained during the determination of the required amount of insulation. If the climatic conditions are harsh, then its volume will have to be increased, otherwise it will not be possible to create comfortable living conditions in the attic. The insulation is laid on the floor of the house, the walls of the pediment and the roof slopes. But everywhere the thickness of the insulation can be different.

Video: calculation of the attic roof with diagrams and load

The attic floor provides additional living space and gives the private house a modern, attractive appearance. It is not difficult to create an attic with your own hands, you just need to correctly draw up a project, perform calculations and carry out a high-quality installation of all materials. And the result will please the owners for a long time.

The attic allows you to significantly expand the usable area of ​​the house. In this case, the arrangement of the under-roof floor can be performed even in an already finished building. At the same time, the financial costs will be relatively small, since the basic necessary structures will already be present, and you can handle all the necessary measures on your own.

First of all, you must make sure that the base of the house can withstand the additional load from the attic floor. If necessary, the foundation must be strengthened, or else try to transfer the new loads to a separate foundation. You may need professional help at this stage.

Decide on the design of the attic. The roof floor can have a variety of shapes. In this case, the interior space of the room is determined by the features of the roofing structure.

The roof of the attic must be designed in a special way. You will have to get rid of the old rafters and related materials, replacing them with a new system, designed for the forthcoming loads, angle of inclination and other important design features.

Thus, the rafter structure must be calculated and designed in a separate order, specifically for your attic floor.

The best option for roofing structures for the attic floor is a broken gable roof. A gable roof will put a much higher load on the walls than a gable roof system. However, you will not find a more convenient roof option for the attic floor.

In this case, a broken roof will "eat up" the least amount of free space in the attic in comparison with all other types of roofs.

It is important that the gable roof has a sufficient number of load-bearing supports. Usually, layered rafters are used to equip such a roof. In this case, the elements of the rafter system must be supported by load-bearing walls that can normally withstand incoming vertical and horizontal loads.

Before starting construction, decide how much area the under-roof floor should have, whether you will insulate it and whether you need to equip heating in the attic.

In accordance with your own preferences, draw up (order, find in open sources) an attic project with sketches, drawings, calculations and explanations.

The design documentation should reflect the following important features of the attic:

• the presence of additional partitions and load-bearing walls;
• number of window openings;
• features of the internal structure of the roof;
• type of roofing material, etc.

After that, calculate the required amount of materials for arranging the attic. It is best to make an attic using the same materials from which the structure is built directly (bricks, blocks, etc.).

If the attic is planned to be used exclusively for seasonal living, you can make it from more budgetary materials. Typically, wood is used in such situations. This material goes well with most existing building materials and is perfect for arranging the attic.

Start arranging the wooden frame - the foundation of the roof. Select suitable places to place the blocks required for the arrangement of the partitions.

You will first need to lay out the exterior and gable walls. Start arranging the roof of the attic only after the complete completion of the construction of the house itself.

To assemble the frame, use a high-quality wooden beam measuring 15x5 cm.In the process of completing each stage of the work, be guided by the sketches and drawings you have. It is impossible to explain everything exclusively in words.

First step

Reinforce the existing structure with slings. Use special U-shaped support blocks to reinforce the purlins. The blocks are installed and filled with cement mortar. This hardening will exclude further cracking of the walls.

Second step

Build capital gable walls and start building an attic. After installing all the necessary walls, proceed with the installation of the elements of the rafter system.

Third step

Install the rafters in accordance with the project documentation and make sure that the installed system is reliable.

First you need to install the purlins, and then fix the rafters. First, you need to lay out the stepped wall bevels, and then equip the attic floor partitions. Be sure to make sure that the elements of the rafter system are evenly located.

Fourth step

Align the bevels of the gable walls with a band saw.

Fifth step

Nail the battens to the rafters for the installation of the thermal insulation material. Fasten the waterproofing, insulation and vapor barrier, and then pack another layer of boards over the waterproofing thermal insulation.

Sixth step

Place the selected topcoat on the battens. It is better that the finishing roofing material is as reliable and of high quality as possible, so that it is cozy, warm and safe in the attic.

After completing the work on the arrangement of the walls and roof of the attic, proceed to the insulation and interior arrangement of the under-roof room.

A wide variety of materials can be used to insulate the attic. For example, mineral wool insulation, expanded polystyrene, all kinds of blocks, etc. are very well suited for performing such work. One of the most preferred thermal insulation materials is fiberboard. It is on the example of this material that the procedure for insulating an attic room will be considered.

In the case of using slabs with a thickness of 1.2 cm, the thermal insulation characteristics of such insulation will be similar to the properties of a wall lined with bricks, or finishing from boards with a thickness of about 5 cm.

In addition, the slabs have good sound insulation performance. Factory processing with antiseptic drugs makes the material resistant to unfavorable external factors, and the relatively low price allows almost everyone to buy such plates.

The most suitable material for insulating the attic is fiberboard

On the one hand, the slabs have a slightly corrugated texture, and on the other, they are smooth. An ordinary sharp knife can be used to cut the slabs. The material is not particularly afraid of temperature and moisture changes. At the same time, it will not take a lot of time and effort to work on thermal insulation of surfaces using fiberboard.

In conclusion, on the smooth side of the fiberboard (the smooth one is the front), you can glue the wallpaper or make another finish at your discretion.

Walls

Traditionally, thermal insulation work begins with wall insulation. It is enough to fix the slabs with nails. Duralumin plates should be placed under the heads of the fasteners. Place the nails themselves in a checkerboard pattern.

If the walls are not timber, you may need to use other fasteners. Be guided by the situation.

For fixing the boards to plastered surfaces, you can also use PVA glue or all kinds of adhesive mastics.

Ceiling

At the stage of lining the ceiling, try to enlist the support of at least one assistant - the plates are quite large and it is not very convenient to fix them alone.

The cladding is carried out according to an extremely simple scheme: the plate is carefully applied to the attachment point and fixed using T-supports made of boards, nails and duralumin plates. Wear safety goggles at this stage.

The floor can be insulated using two methods.

In accordance with the first method, first, the surface is covered with a double layer of roofing material, after which fiberboard is fixed on top, and then the finished floor is installed.

In accordance with the second option, fiberboard slabs are nailed to the floor, and carpet is glued on top of them. This coating is very convenient. For additional convenience, it is recommended to impregnate it with a special compound that makes further care of the carpet easier.

Before gluing the carpet, it must be unrolled and kept in the room for 7-10 days. Fiberboard plates are pre-coated with glue. After gluing the fiberboard, you need to additionally press it to the surface with the help of boards and leave to dry for a day.

In conclusion, you will only have to complete a number of works on the interior improvement of the attic. Start at the ceiling.

Ceiling

The best option is to arrange a lightweight false ceiling. For the construction of such a structure, lining is well suited. You can also use hardboard, plywood or other suitable materials.

It is more convenient to first make the ceiling to size, and then attach it to the crossbar of the truss truss.

Walls

Nail the crossbars from high-quality wooden beams to the rafter posts. Nail the selected finishing material to the frame. The best option is a wooden lining.

Niches

In places where niches are formed (and they will definitely be present due to the peculiarities of the roofing structure), you can nail drywall or other suitable material, creating compact cabinets for storing various kinds of accessories.

Depending on the available space on the attic floor, you can equip a bedroom, study, children's room. Focus on the specifics of your situation.

Lighting

Think over the arrangement of the attic lighting. The best option is to organize local lighting for each corner of the room. So the interior of the attic will be the most expressive.

In matters of furnishing and further arrangement of the under-roof floor, be guided by your requests and capabilities.

Happy work!

Video - DIY attic construction

A modern mansard roof is a great opportunity to significantly expand the living space of your home without unnecessary hassle. But, if you involve builders in the work, then it can cost a pretty penny. It is quite understandable that each of us thought about the question of whether it is possible to do everything on our own without experience. We assure you that a mansard roof with your own hands is more than real. We offer you a comprehensive instruction.

Currently, the best option is a broken attic. It is quite spacious and can really become a full-fledged living space with a large area. Naturally, this requires accurate calculations.

Building a mansard roof will require you to consider many factors before. Let's list the main ones.

Do-it-yourself video about the mansard roof of a house

It is quite understandable that the smaller the angle of inclination, the more usable space there will be in your attic. But it is not always necessary to strive for the most shallow placement. Let's list some features of the choice:

• If your house is located in an area with a temperate climate, where the weather is often windy, and snow is rare, then you can safely make a roof with a small slope;
• If snowfalls and showers are frequent in your area, you should refuse a flat roof;
• Do not forget that you need to take care of high-quality heat, sound and waterproofing. The attic is a living space like the rest of the rooms in your house;
• The best materials for roofing are roof tiles or slate. Many people mistakenly put a metal covering, but with the arrival of cold weather they face problems of heat conservation in the attic. Please note that the materials must be fire and moisture resistant. The roof is always made of timber. For the best preservation, it is recommended to treat all such surfaces with an antifungal solution;
• An outdoor attic staircase will significantly save space in your home. An internal staircase is a much more convenient option, but it also takes up a lot of space. Great if you take care of installing a ceiling ladder. She practically does not take up space. Alternatively, you can install a spiral staircase, but its convenience is often questioned.

An outdoor attic staircase will significantly save space in the house

• First you need wooden beams 10x10 cm in cross section. They are applied over the waterproofing. The best material for her is roofing felt or roofing felt, which is sold in rolls. It is quite convenient to work with them and you will not need any additional skills. If your ceiling is also made of wood, then there is no need to lay an additional beam under the main beams.
• The next step is to install the racks on the beams. The same timber with a section of 10x10 cm will suit you. These racks are a kind of skeleton of the walls of your attic. In order for them to fully perform their functions, they must be placed no further than two meters from each other. Make sure that each of them is perfectly level. We recommend checking each one with the level and, if necessary, sawing in the right places. Once the uprights are installed, they must be sheathed on both sides. For the inside, a great option is drywall or ordinary plywood, for the outside, a slab. It is important not to forget at this stage to lay the insulation between the racks. Each post is individually secured with spikes and brackets. To prevent them from tilting, we recommend fixing them properly with temporary braces.
• Next, lay the top bar. Its cross section should be the same as in the previous paragraphs. You can fix it as you like. But make sure that the beams are held firmly and securely.

Each post is individually secured with spikes and brackets

• Now you need to install the Mauerlat. This is a kind of support for the rafter leg, which is located at the bottom of the structure. For a Mauerlat, you will need a 40x40 cm bar or a board with the same thickness. Thanks to the Mauerlat, a high strength of fastening of the roof rafters to the walls will be ensured. It allows the weight of the roof to be redirected directly onto the walls. It is not necessary to take a section over 40 cm. All the same, the Mauerlat lies right on the wall and the load on it is relatively small. Just do not forget to put waterproofing under it, otherwise it will start to rot over time.
• A well-fixed Mauerlat protects your roof from the effects of wind, snow mass in winter and other loads. Therefore, make sure that it is secured carefully. For this, you can use a wire with a diameter of up to 5 mm. It is best to choose an annealed wire, which is just for the strapping. In order for the walls to be more durable, the wire is embedded directly into them.
• Now you need to install the rafter legs. Make markings on the rafter frame and Mauerlat in the places where the rafters will be installed. Usually the step is 1-1.2 m. For the rafters, a board with a section of 4-5 cm and a width of 15 cm is suitable for you. Choose only perfectly flat boards. It is better to overpay a little money for them, but be sure that a living attic with your own hands will not cause you to collapse the attic roof.

For rafters, a board with a cross section of 4-5 cm and a width of 15 cm is suitable for you

• The rafter legs should rest on the ridge beam. If your attic has a large area, then the weight of its roof will be large. Therefore, the beam is an indispensable structural element. It is not needed only if the length of the rafters is less than eight meters. In this case, you can do with the usual stretch marks.
• Installation of fillies. Produce it in the same way as the rafters. To simplify the process, start with the two outermost ones, pull the twine between them and align with it when installing the next.
• Now you need to nail a hem board to the filly. It will become an obstacle to wind and almost any precipitation.
• Before making a mansard roof, you must consider where the windows will be installed. Remember that their area should occupy at least 12-13% of the area of ​​the side walls. Where you decide to put windows, you need to strengthen the rafters. To do this, install the crossbars. They will take on the role of the lower and upper parts of the opening, where the window frame will be installed and fastened.

Before making a mansard roof, you must think about where the windows will be installed.

When the previous ten points have been completed, you need to carefully double-check everything that has been done. Already at this stage, you will understand how to make a roof with an attic without any problems, but you always need to be reinsured. Especially if this is your first time doing it.

Carefully walk the level over all the rafters and beams, check if they really hold tightly and securely, if there is insulation everywhere, if you need to modify problem areas. It will be better if you ask one of the more experienced builders to evaluate with a trained eye whether everything is really done as it should. Remember that the roof in your home must be safe and strong. But if everything is fine and the structure is held securely, you can proceed to further work:

• You have already created the skeleton of the roof. Now you need to nail the battens to the rafters. The step depends on what kind of roofing material you choose for your roof.
• When the crate is installed, a hydro-barrier must be installed on it. In most cases, plain plastic wrap works best for this. It is inexpensive, qualitatively protects the attic from moisture ingress and is easily attached with construction brackets. The main thing to remember is that the layers of the film must be laid from bottom to top with overlapping layers on top of each other.
• It is necessary to put a heat-insulating layer on top of the film. One of the best materials for this purpose is rock wool. It is lightweight, keeps heat well and at the same time is completely safe for your health, unlike many other heat-insulating materials. Plus, it effectively prevents the spread of rodents in your home.

It is necessary to put a heat-insulating layer on top of the film.

• When you get to the roof, proceed in the same way as in the case of plastic wrap. The roofing ball also rests from bottom to top, and the elements are superimposed on each other. Make sure that in those places where there is a break in the roof, the upper ball of the roof protrudes above the lower one. It is very important. Otherwise, with the slightest rain, your roof will leak, and the structure will gradually rot.
• The installation of the ridge should be done in such a way that its design completely excludes the possibility of rainfall getting under the roof of your roof.

Completion of installation

The main part of the work has come to an end. It is recommended to make mansard roofs multi-layer, so that they provide the best thermal, noise and waterproofing of the entire attic. Do not forget also that the attic must "breathe". Modern windows and doors are an integral part of any such roof.

If you have not completely decided on the installation of the ladder, then first it is better to install an external one. It will be cheaper and easier this way. In any case, if you feel that this option does not suit you, you can make a staircase indoors whenever you want, sacrificing space in the house.

Video about a gable roof

Now you know how to build a mansard roof according to all the rules and not resort to the help of an expensive team of builders. Please be patient, select high-quality materials and tools, and then follow our instructions. Good luck!

The attic device allows you to expand the usable space of the house. A structure with a high sloping roof will look solid, and its construction will require less effort than the construction of a two-story building. The article will discuss how to make a mansard roof of a house with your own hands.

Varieties of truss structures and roofs

How to make a mansard roof of a house depends primarily on the intended roof structure.

There are 2 types of roofs for organizing an attic:

• Standard gable... There are 2 inclined slopes in the roof structure. The pediments in this case are triangular.
• Sloping roof... Both slopes in this design are further divided by 2. The pediments have a pentagonal shape.

How to make a mansard roof

The device of a gable roof is much simpler. But it should be understood that the attic in such a design will come out small and with low ceilings. Therefore, to accomplish this task, a sloping roof with a slope angle of 40 to 45 degrees is preferable. And the less the slope, the larger the attic will be. But in this case, additional strengthening of the structure is necessary, the adjacent beams between the rafters.

There are 2 types of truss structures:

1. Nesting constructions... In this case, only the outer walls serve as a support for the rafters.
2. Hanging structures... In them, additional strength is given due to the capital partitions on which the rafters are supported.

The forced version can be implemented if there are no such partitions. But in this case, the load-bearing walls will have a very high load. Therefore, it is allowed to install layered structures only if the distance between the main walls is not more than 8 meters. If this is not the case, then it is preferable to organize hanging rafter systems.

How to build a mansard-type roof with a broken slope? For this, combined types of structures are mainly installed. In them, the upper rafters are mounted in a hanging manner, the rest are layered. This design is the most rational for buildings with a low roof slope.

To organize an attic room with ceilings of 2.5 meters, you need to make a roof with a height up to a break of 3.1 meters. The preferred slope of the structure is 60 and 30 degrees. In the upper part of the rafters, angles from 15 to 45 degrees are possible.

DIY Mauerlat installation

Mauerlat in construction is called the lower support of the roof, which is installed on top of the load-bearing outer walls. It allows the roof structure to be supported by taking on a certain portion of the load. Let's figure out how to make a mansard roof yourself.

To organize a gable structure, it is necessary to fix the Mauerlat on both sides of the building where the rafters are located. In this case, the load from the roof will be distributed over the surface of the walls. If the roof structure is relatively light, then it is possible to install the Mauerlat under the rafter legs. In other cases, it is placed along the entire perimeter of the walls.

It is necessary to prepare a timber of coniferous wood, which will be used for the manufacture of Mauerlat. It is recommended to apply a waterproofing layer to the material. Roofing material or bitumen are great for the task.

To mount the attic roof with your own hands to the base, threaded rods are used, designed for a wide washer. In its design, holes must be made that correspond to the size of the mount. The drilling step should not exceed 2 meters.

Now consider the option of how to make a roof of an attic with your own hands, if the house is brick. To install the Mauerlat on brick walls, wooden plugs are used. It is advisable to leave pockets in the masonry - special gaps for laying the structure. In this case, the installation procedure will be easier. Wire rod can be placed in the brickwork, to which it will be possible to screw the Mauerlat to the base without any problems. If you plan to build a house from concrete slabs or aerated concrete, then you need to install an armored belt with metal studs. Moreover, their length should be such that it is enough for the installation of the Mauerlat, followed by tightening the lock nut.

In wooden structures, it is possible to replace the standard support with a bar or an upper log of a log house. This is another way how to make a mansard roof correctly.

Installation of purlins and struts

Girders are additional horizontal beams designed to strengthen the structure.

Types of runs:

• Side... Such purlins are placed along the entire roof slope. Their number depends on the surface area, as well as its slope.
• Skating... Used to support the top of the rafters. Ridge girders do not have to be used for sloped roofs.

Instructions for building a mansard roof with your own hands step by step:

1. The first step is to install the Mauerlat.
2. Then you need to place a temporary decking on the roof so that it is convenient to navigate it.
3. Now the installation of a U-shaped frame from racks, crossbars and purlins is in progress.
4. When the frame is completed, the rafters of 50x150 mm need to be laid on it. The braces will allow the structure to be stiffened.

Installation of rafter legs

There are 2 types of rafter attachment:

1. Sliding(it is also called articulated). It provides for the so-called sleds in the mount, along which the rafters move along the Mauerlat. It is suitable when there is a possibility of settling at home.
2. Hard... In this case, staples with bolts or wire with nails are used for the connection.

The option of how to correctly make an attic with a sliding mount demonstrates greater reliability, since it takes into account the mobility of the roof elements when the soil subsides. Sliding mounts will be useful when building a wooden house for which shrinkage is possible. It will help the roof "adjust" to the movement of the building.

How to build a roof correctly

Recommendation: to understand the location of the upper rafters, it is worth making a temporary stand from the beams. It is attached to the Mauerlat so that its top is located along the centerline of the roof. This design will be a hint when leveling the upper rafters, which will greatly facilitate the task.

It is necessary to make the upper part of the Mauerlat beveled. It is advisable to pre-make thinner from the board. Then you need to attach it to the run and circle its contours. And already according to the received form, execute the drink. This approach will make the work more accurate. Now you know how to build a mansard roof with your own hands.