A modern private house is usually built with an attic or second floor. The construction of such a house costs much less than a one-story house of the same area. To the second floor, basement or attic, they go up and down the stairs, which at the same time performs decorative

We welcome our regular reader and offer him an article on what a ladder from a profile pipe is and how to install it with your own hands.

Profile pipe - a pipe with a rectangular, square or oval cross-section. The pipes have a cavity inside and relatively thin walls - due to this, they have a relatively low weight and high strength, which allows them to be widely used in metal structures.

A metal profile ladder has many advantages over other types of ladders:

• The frame made of steel tubing has a very high strength and does not lose it over time.
• The pipe is a relatively light material (when compared with solid-section rolled metal), and the construction of the staircase will be much lighter than reinforced concrete and not much heavier than wood.
• Very long service life - in dry living conditions, the service life of steel structures can reach and exceed 100 years.
• Steel pipe is a very technological material, and structures of any complexity can be realized.
• A ladder made of a professional pipe can be made and assembled very quickly.
• Steel profiled pipes -
• Steel does not rot, is not damaged by bugs, does not dry out or crack.
• Stairs made of metal structures can be mounted in an already built house, and they can be upgraded at any time.
• Steel structure is more compact and versatile than reinforced concrete and timber.

Disadvantages of these stairs:

• Steel is susceptible to corrosion - structures will have to be painted from time to time (and in damp places, for example, a basement, they must be cleaned and treated with special anti-corrosion agents).
• Lightweight structures spring a little when descending and ascending.
• The decorativeness of the metal structure is not great, therefore, in residential premises, the steel structure is decorated with steps, railings and fences made of wood, glass and plastic.
• To make the design reliable, welding is used for its manufacture - you will need a welding machine and a master with certain experience.

Types of stairs from a professional pipe

The main types of ladders from a professional pipe: marching, spiral, stepladders and attached. Attachments are simple and easier to buy ready-made, and we will tell you more about the other types.

Marching

The flight staircase consists of one or more flights connecting the intermediate flight platforms and floors. The steps in the spans are based on one or more kosour, the spans are rectangular, the steps are also rectangles. Kosoura are straight and broken.

Single-flight staircases are installed in spacious halls or long wide corridors, more often they use the usual two-flight structure - it can be installed in a staircase. There may be more marches. A single-flight staircase is convenient in that it is possible to equip a pantry, a dressing room or a small bathroom in the space under the stairs.

The convenience of a single-flight staircase depends on the angle of inclination. The steep angle of inclination of the stringers is usually done at marches leading to the attic or to the basement - rarely visited premises.

Screw

Spiral staircases are often installed in living areas such as living rooms. They are very original and decorative, compact, but not very convenient to use. The advantage of the small ladder is its compactness - it can be placed in a circle with a diameter of 1600 mm. Spiral structures are usually installed in small houses in order to save space (in large houses, a spiral staircase can be installed for beauty and a march staircase for other purposes).

The step consoles are attached to the central support along a spiral line, along the outer perimeter on the console supports for the handrails are installed - from the outside the staircase is closed with a grid, which adds rigidity to the structure.

The steps have a triangular shape, when descending and ascending, it is advisable to hold onto the railing with your hands for safety, it is very inconvenient to climb with objects in your hands. The most significant drawback is the inability to lift any large pieces of furniture to the second floor.

The second significant drawback is the complexity of design and especially manufacturing.

In large houses, you can install a swivel staircase with a large angle of rotation and rectangular steps - it looks very impressive, it is convenient to walk on it and carry things, but it takes up a lot of space. Typically, such structures are luxuriously decorated in the old style and serve as an adornment for large mansions.

Ladder

This is the simplest type of staircase - two rectangular pipe structures connected to each other, rungs can be on one side or on both. The frames are connected to each other using a special hinge. On the underside of the racks, triangular pointed tips are fixed.

The optimal profile option for one stringer is a 100 × 100 or 80 × 80 mm pipe with a wall thickness of at least 4 mm. For two stringers - a pipe with dimensions of at least 80 × 80 mm with a wall thickness of at least 3.5 mm. For side supports of steps and lintels between stringers - at least 50 × 50 mm or 60 × 40 mm with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm.

approximate price

Profiles 100 × 100 mm, 80 × 80 mm, 50 × 50 mm, 60 × 40 mm retail at 50 rubles per kilogram - a very affordable price.

Calculations of the main parameters of the stairs

Standard staircase parameters: step width 30 cm, height 15 cm. Stairs with just such parameters are installed in high-rise buildings. But for a house, such a staircase would be too cumbersome. To make the ladder more compact, the steep angle is increased. It is undesirable to increase the steep angle more than 45 °.

Calculator of the dependence of the length of the horizontal projection of the stairs from the angle of its steepness

The length of the horizontal projection depends on the height of the floor as follows:

Projection length = ctg α x span height, where α is the steepness angle.

The height of the floor necessarily includes the thickness of the slab with the thickness of the floor covering.

Calculator for calculating the length of the flight of stairs

The length of the flight of stairs is calculated in two ways:

• If there is an angle of steepness, then the length is equal to the height of the floor divided by sin α; or the length of the projection on the horizontal divided by cos α.
• By the Pythagorean theorem: the square root of the sum of the squares of the projection length and the floor height.

Calculator for calculating the size of the steps of the main staircase

The optimum height of the steps is 15 cm, from 12 to 20 cm are allowed. The height of the floor is divided by 0.15 m, a fractional number is obtained, the nearest whole number (greater or less) is selected - this is the number of steps. Divide the floor height by the exact number of steps to obtain the exact step height (to the nearest mm).

The depth of the tread should be at least 30 cm. This value allows you to conveniently use the steps, even for men with large feet. If necessary, you can reduce the tread depth by 3 cm, but not more. If the horizontal projection of the march is too small to accommodate the required number of steps, then the steps are made run-in - the upper step hangs over the lower one. This ladder should be used with caution when descending.

The width of the tread is usually in the range from 80 to 120 cm, in the most extreme case it can be reduced to 70 cm.

Making a ladder from a professional pipe with your own hands

The metal structure, through which all family members will pass several times a day, will only be reliable if assembled by welding. If you have little skills as a welder, then it is quite possible to weld and install staircases in a private house with your own hands. look no worse than purchased ones. Below we will consider the installation of a single-march structure with straight steps and straight kosoura - it is the simplest constructively.

Required tools and materials

For welding metal structures you will need:

• Welding machine. For a home craftsman, it is enough to have an inverter welding machine with a welding current of 160-200 A.
• Electrodes.
• Drill, screwdriver.
• Electric jigsaw or grinder, cutting wheels for metal cutting, grinding wheels.
• Manual router - for grinding welded seams.
• Tape measure, metal folding rule, square, protractor, plumb line, building level.
• Plane.
• A hammer.
• Clamps.
• Sandpaper, brushes.
• Anti-corrosion primer.
• Paint.
• Dried boards 40 mm thick for steps.
• Wood varnish.

Drawings and diagrams

The ladder device requires very precise cutting of workpieces and their welding, installation of ready-made structures. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to draw an exact drawing or a detailed diagram, precisely indicate all angles and dimensions.

The order of work

Before performing the work, carefully mark the profile and cut the frame blanks. Then the kosoura are installed, the side supports for the steps ("zigzag"), transverse crosspieces are welded. Grind or mill the welded seams, clean the entire frame with sandpaper, paint. Then the steps and the fence are mounted.

Manufacturing video

Features of the assembly of structures by welding are shown in the video:

Assembly and installation of the structure

The technology of welding and finishing of the frame is described step by step below.

Frame preparation

Before welding the workpieces, it is necessary to grind or mill the burrs at the cutting points of the workpieces. Support plates are welded to the lower end of the stringers. Blanks for stringers are installed in their place and welded to mortgages or anchors pre-installed in the wall. This work cannot be done on your own - you will need an assistant. Carefully measure the angles of inclination before and after installation. Then the place of installation of the lower step is carefully marked, two blanks are welded - a side support for the step is obtained. Then repeat on the other side, weld the cross-member - and so on to the top of the stairs.

After welding each seam, it is necessary to let the metal cool down, otherwise the structure will "lead". During welding, the metal heats up very much and can deform, therefore, after each stage of welding, it is necessary to check the dimensions and correctness of the angles and the horizontal-verticality of each part.

When doing welding, it is necessary to take breaks so that the metal has time to cool down and does not "lead". The seams are grinded or milled - protruding rollers spoil the overall impression of the structure.

Installation of steps

Saw off the board to size, sanded, covered, if necessary, with water-soluble paint to give the desired tone, dried, varnished 2-3 times. Holes are drilled and the boards are screwed to the side and transverse supports with self-tapping screws.

Mounting the fence

Modern fencing is usually mounted using bolts and nuts or self-tapping screws. On the underside of the fence posts, a flange with holes is made and screwed to the side zigzag supports. It is impossible to weld the fence in the presence of wooden treads. True, you can weld the racks to the structures from the side, but this placement of the fence is not very aesthetically pleasing.

Painting and finishing works

Before installing wooden steps, the metal frame must be sanded, treated with an anti-corrosion primer, and painted twice with paint.

Photo - options for finished structures

There are many options for staircase designs, our photos show the most decorative of them:

The choice of a profile pipe for the installation of stairs is due to the fact that such a structure is easier to operate and much more variable in design, it is suitable for use both in the house and on the street. However, making a reliable structure with your own hands is possible only if you have experience in welding.

Protruba is a versatile material that is both lightweight and durable, aesthetic in itself and goes well with other building and finishing materials.

It is possible to make from a metal profile both stationary stairs located in the house and on the street, and mobile structures for household purposes.

Any ladder consists of steps and a support system - a kosour, on which the steps are supported from above, or bowstrings, to which the steps are fixed with an end.

The supporting system for ladders from a professional pipe is usually a supporting beam, on which steps are laid on top.

Distinguish:

• rectilinear kosour - a straight beam is located along the entire length of the staircase, legs are welded to the main beam on which the steps will rest;
• A broken kosour consists of interconnected horizontal and vertical pipe sections, forming a stepped structure, directly on which the steps rest.

The type of staircase is determined by the configuration of its main elements: marching, spiral staircases and stepladders differ in structure. Additional details such as railings and balustrades add convenience and aesthetics to the design.

Marching

Structures of this type are the most convenient for descent and ascent and are quite simple in design and installation, therefore, they are most often erected in private houses.

The staircase consists of one or more marches - arranged in a row of parallel steps, resting on one kosour or two or three parallel ones.

The single-flight structure can be installed inside the house if there is sufficient space. With a shortage of free space, which can be used to organize the movement between floors, the stairs are erected in several marches. At the same time, when cornering, the structure is supplemented with a platform or winders.

The staircase provides additional strength, but significantly eats up space. To save space between the flights, run-in steps are made - their edges are not parallel, the width decreases from the edge of the stairs to the turning point.

To make the structure more reliable and save space, marching stairs are placed along the walls, and they try to organize turns in the corners between two walls.

Marching structures are also erected on the street - if the house has a high basement or a non-residential first floor, one or two-flight porch is made.

Note! Winders due to the difference in the width of their surface are more traumatic. Children and the elderly are especially at risk of stumbling and injury.

Screw

Ladders of this type are the most aesthetic and economical in terms of space, but also the most difficult to design and install, therefore they are not widely popular.

The support system consists of one spiral kosour, on which the wide edge of the step is supported in the form of a truncated sector, and a central pillar, to which the steps are attached with the narrow edge of the step.

The screw structures look really original, and they can literally fit on a patch. But climbing a narrow spiral staircase is difficult on your own, there can be no question of lifting furniture and household appliances along it.

To solve this problem, you can build an additional flight staircase on the street, and leave the screw structure in the house more for beauty.

How to make a staircase from a profile pipe: choice of design, calculation and assembly | +50 photos in photos.

Metal products have been valued since ancient times, and the blacksmiths who made forged products were treated with great respect. Everything has become much easier with a large amount of building material. Ready-made profile pipes are purchased and, following the scheme, the required structure is welded. A ladder made of a profile pipe is no exception. It is not difficult to do it yourself if you have experience with a welding machine.

Advantages of ladders from a profile pipe

A number of advantages are obtained by manufacturing a metal staircase structure. In terms of its functionality, it somewhat outperforms wooden products or ready-made metal stairs.

The advantages of a product from a profile pipe include the following:

Varieties

Their list includes both simple designs and the most intricate forms. When performing work, there are some peculiarities. Let's consider them in more detail.

Marching

For marching stairs, one or more flights are characteristic. Products from several flights are assembled into one structure with a horizontal platform or equipped with winder-type steps. There is no need to talk about the demand for any kind. They are equally popular with consumers. Basically, the choice depends on the size of the area allocated for the installation of the staircase.

If the staircase consists of one flight, then it will need a lot of space. In the event that there is a lack of space, you will have to design the product in such a way as to take up as little space as possible. Many people try to increase the steepness of the stairs, which leads to inconvenience when moving along it.

A staircase with one flight, taking up the area in the room, allows you to rationally use the space under it. It is often set up for cabinets, niches or a pantry. Also, such products are installed at the entrance to the house. Can be used as an attachment to enter the attic.

In terms of saving space, two-march structures are installed. Most often they are installed in the corner of the room against the walls at right angles. Sometimes they make a U-turn on 180 0 or arrange three marches. Ladders with a platform are more convenient to install.

Swivel staircase made of shaped pipes with run-in steps

Screw

Of the compact options, the spiral type of staircase is noted. Its appearance is original and aesthetic, and the product can be inscribed even on a space of 1.5 × 1.5 m. Such structures often have a central support post to which the steps are attached. The latter from the edge can rest on a broken stringer or metal plates.

But, despite all the advantages, there are disadvantages of the screw design. Thus, the product does not allow lifting large pieces of furniture. For the movement of residents, even empty-handed, it is not comfortable. Arrange a spiral staircase only as a last resort, when there is no other way out.

If, despite the disadvantages of screw products, there are adherents of this type of structure, experts advise to bring the project closer to the rotary type in several marches and expand the opening. In this case, it will be much more convenient to use the spiral staircase.

Semi-screw staircase with winder steps

Stepladder

One of the options for constructing a ladder from a profile pipe is a step ladder. If the tenants live in a private house, then a folding ladder is one of the necessary products in the household. A metal profile with a cross section of 40 × 40 mm is purchased for the manufacture of racks and 20 × 20 mm for the installation of crossbars, as well as hinge mechanisms, bolts and self-tapping screws.

To install a ladder with your own hands, you need to have tools and experience with them. A preliminary drawing is drawn up, allowing you to complete the work faster and more accurately. An example of such a scheme is shown in the photo below. A simpler option that can replace a stepladder is a ladder made of a profile pipe.

In the video: do-it-yourself step-ladder from a professional pipe.

What do you need to know when calculating any staircase?

Be sure to indicate all the parameters of the ladder from the profile pipe in the drawing, the location of the corners and the slightest changes in the shape of the product.

The main criteria that must be taken into account when drawing up a project for a product of any type:

Each type of staircase has its own characteristics in installation, which must be taken into account when calculating and drawing up a diagram.

Calculation of the marching structure

Calculations of the flight staircase begin with determining the height of the flight of stairs. This is not difficult to accomplish. Measure the distance from the floor to the upper floor slab.

Convenience of movement is provided not only by the steepness of the product, but also by the width of the step, the height of the riser. For both parameters, norms have been established: the size of the step varies from 200 to 400 mm, and the riser - from 150 to 200 mm.

Another important point is the observance of proportionality between these values. It should be calculated according to the formula: a + b = 470 mm, where a is the height of the riser, b is the width of the tread.

After determining the parameters of the tread and the riser, they begin to calculate the number of steps. For this, the span height is divided by the riser height. Then the projection of the stairs is determined. Calculated by multiplying the step width by the number of steps.

At home, the minimum span is 800 mm. Taking into account all the norms, a single-flight staircase with a ceiling height of 2.5 m has a projection on the floor of 5 m. Therefore, if there is not enough space in the room, it is better to arrange rotary structures for several marches.

At the next stage, they begin to calculate the length of the stringer. This is where the Pythagorean theorem comes to the rescue. The legs are the height of the span and its projection onto the floor. It is necessary to add the squares of these indicators, and then extract the square root from the result. The resulting figure will mean the length of the stringer.

Calculation by the Pythagorean Theorem: L = √ (D² + H²)

Another parameter that ensures the comfort of moving up the stairs is its steepness. By all standards, an interfloor device for permanent use must have an angle of inclination between 23 0 and 37 0. In practice, the maximum angle of inclination can reach 40 0. A larger angle of inclination is only suitable for ladders.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

It is rare when a spiral staircase to the second floor from a shaped pipe is arranged to maintain a design solution. Often due to lack of indoor space. The cost of such a structure in terms of time and money is much higher than the march.

First, let's get acquainted with the names of the parameters that are used to calculate screw-type products:

Any calculations begin with measurements. It is necessary to correctly determine the parameter of the outer radius, the height of the structure and the location of the entry and exit points, the so-called twist angle. Then they start calculating.

An example of calculation with "R" = 1 m, "H" = 3 m, with a twist angle of 360 0 is given. With these values, the length of the working march is determined using the formula 2 * P * R1. Usually it is 2/3 of the value of the external parameter. According to the data presented, you get 2/3 * 2 * 3.14 * 1000 = 4190 mm = 4.19 m.

At the next stage, the number of steps is calculated according to the basic formula n = L / h1. We determine the values ​​"h1" = 250 mm and we get 4190/250 = 16.79. You need to round it up, in the end we get 17. Taking into account the fact that the last step corresponds to the floor level of the second floor, then we get 16 individual elements.

The smallest step width at the base is 100 mm. Let's calculate the value at the widest point. To do this, first determine the length of the outer march according to the formula 2PR. After doing the calculations, we get 6280 mm = 6.28 m.Dividing the value obtained by the number of steps, we get 6280/17 = 369 mm.

The calculation of the riser height is performed according to the same principle as for the marching structure. The height of 3 m is divided by the number of steps, resulting in 176 mm. Size optimization is carried out according to the formula 2h + h¹ equal to 600 to 650 mm. After correcting, we get a result of 190 mm.

Assembly of structures

This process is simple, so they go directly to welding elements from pipes. Some people prefer a fastener connection, but this is much more difficult and takes a lot of time. Next, we will analyze in detail how to weld a ladder from a profile pipe.

We collect the marching span

The installation of a homemade marching structure depends on its type:

On one profile pipe

For the first option, you need to purchase a professional pipe with a cross section of 150 × 150 mm. It will provide reliable strength. Support must be provided for treads. They are 3-4 mm metal sheets, the width of which should be ½ of the tread value in the diagram.

There are several ways to cook stands for steps on a pipe:

1. In the places where the steps are fastened with a certain pitch, pre-prepared sheets are welded to serve as a support for the steps. But on one weld, the elements will not withstand the load. You should provide them with support. Its role can be played by pieces of reinforcement from the same sheet or a profile of a smaller section. But, experts note that the aesthetics of such a staircase is not at a high level.

2. The design of the second option is much more attractive. To begin with, support parts are cut from the same pipe as the supporting part. One of the ends is cut at an angle of inclination of the stairs. At this point, the supports are welded to the base. From the second end, step plates are welded.

The load on the ladder is considerable, especially at the point where the main pipe touches the floor. It is necessary to distribute the load evenly. At the point where the support pipe touches the overlap, a metal plate with a thickness of 5 mm or more must be welded.

On broken kosoura

The next version of the staircase frame made of a profile pipe is a broken march, replacing beams in wooden products. Its advantages include low cost and low weight when compared with a product on one pipe. Pipes are purchased with a cross section of 40 × 60 mm. A little more is allowed, but not less.

The frame part is also welded in two ways:

1. First, the blanks are cut, corresponding to the dimensions of the tread and riser, with the addition of the thickness of the material. Then the elements are sequentially welded at right angles and a finished stringer is obtained. The disadvantages of this method include cumbersome welding work and the possibility of an uneven connection.

2. The second welding method is more aesthetic and belongs to one of the easy ones. It is necessary to cut a piece in the form of an isosceles triangle in the pipe on one side with a grinder. One side of the material remains intact. After that, the pipe is bent until a right angle is formed, and the joints are fixed.

Assembly of the screw structure

The installation of a homemade spiral staircase begins with the installation of the support pipe strictly vertically. In its role, a part with a circular cross-section and as large a thickness as possible should serve. This is justified by the enormous load on her. A thick and reliable platform is installed on the floor at the base of the support. During construction work, the cross is welded and poured with a concrete screed.

1. Parts are welded from a metal profile with a section of 20 × 20 mm or 30 × 30 mm. You should get a shape that repeats the perimeter of future steps. In order not to suffer from fitting to the size of each detail, you can first make a template. The desired shape is formed from wooden blocks and attached to a plywood sheet. It remains to insert metal pieces inside and weld them together.

2. For the second method, pipes with a cross section of 40 × 60 mm are purchased. For welding, elements are cut that are equal to the working radius. On each of their ends, parts with the same section and length are welded on slightly less than the size of the tread in the form of the letter "T".

After preparing the supports, they are welded to the round base of the stairs at the location of the steps according to the project. For greater reliability, the support under the steps is reinforced with a support attached to the base.

Finishing work

Wooden elements for steps are selected with a thickness of at least 40 mm. To refine the side of the product and for the risers, a material with a lower thickness is used.

In the event that the installation of the stairs is planned to be carried out independently, then the option with shaped pipes is optimal. The process is much simpler than with wooden structures, and the reliability is much higher. Following the recommendations presented in the content of the article, the output will be a reliable, firmly installed staircase made of shaped pipes.

Examples of making a frame for a staircase (3 videos)

Different types of stairs from a professional pipe (50 photos)

Unlike ancient times, when any metal products were made only by forging, now they actively use welding to connect individual components, such as corners, channels and profiled pipes. He will tell in this material how to weld a ladder from a profile pipe, as well as what types of these products can be.

Certainly, you should not discount the professional blacksmiths, whose works are of high quality and aesthetic beauty. However, these products are rather piecemeal, and they are quite expensive. But almost everyone can create a ladder from a professional pipe, if only he knows how to handle a welding machine and has prepared all the necessary materials.

Staircase appearance

Since profile products are becoming more and more popular, you can find any modifications of stairs from a profile pipe on the network. Even rather bold solutions in the form of glass structures without railings or "duck step", that is, an almost vertical flight of stairs with a step width for one leg, were not ignored. However, the easiest way for novice builders to make a marching ladder from a professional pipe with their own hands, which is most popular among homeowners.

In order to correctly select the parameters of this design, you can make drawings of a staircase from a profile pipe with your own hands, taking as a basis one of the most suitable projects and adapting it to specific dimensions.

A march is a design that is located between the turntables. Distinguish between straight, two- and multi-march structures. If we are talking about a spiral staircase, then all the steps in it are located around one axis. They are used to climb inside a building - between floors or to the front door, as well as to cross uneven terrain.

Stationary ladders made of square pipes are considered to be the strongest and most reliable. However, if necessary, you can use foldable portable products.

For the assembly of the staircase, the following materials are used:

• metal elements - corners, welded parts, shaped pipes;
• wood;
• reinforced concrete;
• composite materials.

There can be several ways of mounting parts for a staircase, however, welding of metal structures is considered the most reliable.

The fastening of the steps of the stairs can be:

• on the bolts;
• on kosoura;
• on the bowstring.

The set of materials that will be needed to build a ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands will depend on the method of fastening the steps. To make it easier to choose the type of construction for a specific room or area, you can view a number of photos.

Some experienced craftsmen recommend making only kosoura or the base of the structure from a profile pipe, and using materials with a lower mass for steps. The best choice for the base of the stairs would be a profile with dimensions of 60 × 40 mm.

It is worth noting that profile structures have a number of undoubted advantages:

1. Good resistance to mold and corrosion, making them suitable in places with constant temperature fluctuations and no heating.
2. A ladder made of a profile pipe can serve for quite a long time, and if it is disassembled, the metal can be sold as unnecessary or handed over as scrap.
3. Assembly and installation of a metal modular or welded frame is done quickly and easily.
4. Since the appearance of the staircase from the profile is quite laconic, it will not be difficult to combine it with the interior available in the room.
5. Profiled pipes will be quite affordable for most buyers, so the cost of the project will be low. Many people find it easier to work with metal than with wood.
6. The metal frame made of profiles surpasses any other similar structures in strength.
7. The time for installing a staircase to the second floor from a profile pipe is much less than when working with wood, if, of course, you have a welding machine and the skills to work with it.
8. An important fact is that due to the presence of a metal base, in such a staircase you can combine a variety of materials - glass, marble, tiles and even plastic.

Please note that if the assembly of a light structure is supposed, then it is better to choose a profile with thin walls. It is optimal to use a pipe with a diameter of 5-7.4 mm, which will be strong enough and withstand vibration from the load.

Structural elements

When using the stairs, a person stands on steps, the width of which can reach the full width of the foot, or reach the heel of the shoe.

In order for the structure to hold, kosoura are used - side strips with cut sections on which steps are placed. In addition, bolts can be used to connect the treads and fix the entire structure. Bowstrings are the end and bottom beams that support the steps. The vertical segments of the stairs that support the steps are called risers. They are needed to strengthen the entire structure.

As a rule, one flight of stairs in a structure made of a shaped pipe has 18-20 steps laid on stringers. It is installed along the walls and corner, or suspended between two floors, and it consists of two marching spans. Often the number of steps is made odd in order to start and end the ascent for each next march from the same foot. This rule is used both in small cottages and in large office buildings.

Before starting the welding of a ladder from a profile pipe, all the same metal elements are laid in pairs, and treads and risers are attached on top. The steps themselves can be made of lightweight materials placed in a metal frame, for example, they can be laminate or wood.

The standard calculation of a ladder from a profile pipe looks like this:

• the gap between adjacent steps (riser height) should be about 14-22 cm;
• the angle of inclination of the flight of stairs is made at 30-40º, which is equal to the ratio of 1: 2 or 1: 2.5 length to height;
• the width of the steps is 20-30 cm, and if a small slope angle is chosen, then it is slightly wider than the stop.

The order of work and procurement of materials

Internal and ladders have a completely different design, and the simplest one is considered to be one-march on kosoura for the porch. The most difficult is the metal spiral staircase.

The sequence of work on assembling a frame from a profile for a single-flight staircase is as follows:

• designing and drawing up a drawing;
• marking;
• dividing the profile into segments of the required length;
• assembly of the main frame for the installation of steps;
• welding risers and steps;
• installation of the structure in place and pouring concrete on the site;
• installation of handrails;
• laying wood in step frames;
• final decoration.

There are several ways to assemble the frame for a staircase from a profile. It can be made from paired profile pipes or steel stringers, or you can use a channel in which the steps will be welded on top of the base or inside the frame.

If we are talking about the construction of an internal staircase with wooden steps, then the march is fastened first at the top point, and only then it is fixed at the bottom. In this case, the ladder is fixed to anchors in the walls and a platform that serves as the first step.

Note that we should not forget about the control of the horizontal position of the steps. When all the main work is completed, you can start welding the railings.

The process of assembling a spiral staircase from pipes and profiles

They prefer to install a spiral staircase in order to save space. To create it, you need a main support pipe and blanks from a profile for steps. For work, you will need two pipes, one of them with a smaller diameter will become the supporting one, and the other with a slightly larger section will be cut into blanks of 20-22 cm each. The same sections of the profile for the steps will be welded to these sleeves. The resulting blanks will be stacked on top of each other and fanned out until they fill the entire height of the ladder.

The railing for a spiral staircase must be spiral. The base and the console are made of a steel profile, they are welded together. Pay attention that the sleeves fit tightly and do not dangle - the backlashes can be compensated for with O-rings. The assembled frame will need to be welded and covered with a layer of primer.

For handrails, it is better to use graceful airy metal structures, and handrails can be made of plastic or wood.

You can fix the spiral staircase in two places between floors or to the wall using brackets. However, there are other fixation methods. To decorate a metal staircase, it is better to use a special paint - the most relevant colors are black, brown, metallic.

Any installed ladder should be not only beautiful in appearance, but also safe for users. Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the assembly and design of such products to specialists.

A ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands is created by a welded and prefabricated method. For its manufacture, attachment, stationary and other options are considered. For an illustrative example, options for installing a structure in the form of a straight, screw and mobile structure are considered below.

Important details

• To reduce the weight of the profile structure, inserts made of wood, glass, stone and ceramics are used.
• A do-it-yourself ladder made of a profile pipe is made as an addition to the porch, external rise to the attic and indoor installation.
• To create the steps, profiled pipes with a cross section of 5-7.4 cm are used. It is possible to exclude trembling and vibration by reducing the length of the racks in the spans.
• The slope of the steps is 1: 2 or 1: 2.5, which corresponds to an angle of rise from 30 to 40 degrees.
• A properly designed ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands in the drawings has no more than 18 steps. In the presence of high ceilings, a platform is being constructed between marches.
• For convenience, an odd number of steps are created in the march. This allows you to start and end your stride with the same foot.
• The height of the steps is 15 - 21 cm.
• The width of the steps is 30 cm. The smaller the angle of inclination, the wider the treads.

A metal ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands can have an alternative in the form of two channels. Initially, the support frame is welded, then the frame for the steps. It is placed in two ways:

1. Over the channel;
2. Inside the frame.

In the first version, the corners are welded to the upper flange of the channel. And in the second case, a preliminary fastening of the corners to the inclined beams inside is created. The remaining parts of the frame of the steps are welded to them. Below is a do-it-yourself staircase made of a profile pipe in the photo.

Preparation of materials

• Channel 16 (16 cm high, 6.4 cm wide shelf) with a length commensurate with the march. You will need 2 beams.
• Thick-walled profile 4x4 cm. Its quantity is determined by the number of steps. To create a small march, you will need 20 linear meters.

Tools for the construction of the march:

• Saw for metal structures (pendulum version).
• Drilling machine.
• Welding.
• Electric drill.

Installation steps:

• An interfloor staircase from a profile pipe with your own hands begins with trimming the stringers to the desired parameters so that after installation they form an emphasis on the floor with the flat side of the cut.
• For a more durable fixation on the floors of the first and second floors, metal beams are laid on the concrete base under the floor surface (you can use a channel with parameters of 22 cm). The length of the beams must be greater than the width of the stairs.
• The bearing channels are fastened to the embedded beams. For this, welding is used.

Here you can find out in detail how a ladder is made from a profile pipe with your own hands in the video:

Blanks for rectangular steps are created from the profile.

• The workpieces are mounted on guides and welded to them. To create the reinforcement of the structure, vertical support parts from the same pipe are used.
• To lighten the device, steel corners can be used instead of a pipe.
• The frame is cleaned and painted to prevent damage to the structure.
• On a metal base, treads from an array are laid with further fastening using self-tapping screws. For this, gaps are pre-drilled.
• Supports in the form of pillars are welded on the sides of the guide channels, handrails are placed on top.
• Vertical posts are mounted on the steps. Instead of balusters, horizontal rods or sheet plates such as plexiglass, plastic, veneer, triplex, etc. can serve.

Metal frame for a flight staircase

Work plan:

• Marking and cutting a profile, joining frames under the steps.
• Concreting of the structure.
• Installation of stringers;
• Equipping the back of the steps with corners.
• Welding steps together.

Installation instructions:

• The number of steps and their parameters are calculated.
• To create the frame, a 10x10 cm profile and 4x4 cm corners are used. In this case, the pipe is used instead of the channel, since it is characterized by high rigidity.
• Create a pedestal for a shallow structure. At the edge of the platform is the lower starting point of the start of the steps.

Attention! in the case of installing a direct structure, a pedestal is not required, since it is important to take into account the starting points between the floor surfaces of the floors

• This is how the profile pipe is mounted, welded to the lower platform, and at the top with the help of anchors, it is fixed to the wall surface. Then the pre-cut corners are welded.
• The vertical parameters of the corners must have exact parameters, and the horizontal part of the products can protrude beyond the profile.
• A gap is created between the steps and the wall surface for gluing wallpaper.
• Railings are welded to the profile from the side. Usually, the installation of the railing is carried out with an indent from the edge of 10 cm. However, this will affect the narrowing of the stairs.

Screw structures

The pipe for creating steps is cut into 22 cm sleeves.

To determine the number of elements, the height of the room is divided by 22 cm, that is, the dimensions of the riser.

A gasket and a console are cut from a steel billet. The gasket is welded to the console, then the formed elements are attached to the pipe parts (10 cm thick).

The steps are placed on the gasket using self-tapping screws. The tightness of the sleeves placed on the pipe should be increased. The formation of distortions and backlashes is excluded. If holes are formed with an inaccurate diameter, seal rings are created.

Then the markings are made and the steps are assembled. It is important to provide for an overlap of close to 5 cm. The length of the circle is not less than the wider part of the steps. It remains only to assemble a single structure. Gaps are immediately drilled to accommodate future steps. The structure is primed.

Attention! The railing of the stairs can be made of iron, a 4x 4 cm profile pipe is used for the posts, and a 2x2 cm pipe is used for the handrails.

Then wooden handrails can be built on top of the metal. Forging elements are usually used in the railings. The stairs are painted with hammer paint.

After it dries, temporary steps are placed. This requires glued pine boards. They must be varnished. To fix the steps, you will need 32mm wood screws.

Ladder

Structurally, the product looks quite simple. It forms an emphasis with bowstrings on the wall and floor surface. The slope of the structure is 60-75 degrees. The steps are spaced from each other at a distance of 35 cm. To exclude sliding properties, tips made of plastic or rubber are put on its supports.

Materials for making:

• Rectangular or circular profile, 2 m long. One rectangular 165 cm profile (for steps). Duralumin pipes with a thickness of 2 mm are usually used.
• Nuts, bolts М8х70, washers.
• Ideally, welding is used. In this case, screw connections are not required.
• 4 plastic or rubber protectors for the bottom of the legs.

To create an attached structure, it is necessary to make a blank of steps. The profile, the length of which is 165 cm, is cut into 5 identical products with a length of 33 cm. Marking is made on two profiles with a length of 2 m. Marks are placed so that there is a gap of 35 cm between them.

Provided that bolts are used to fix the steps to the base, it is important to create clamps from thin strips of metal, provided for bending symmetrically in the shape of the pipes and drilling gaps in them. In this case, an indentation is made from the edge of 1.5 cm. The gaps are made in the pipes by 2 m. This is facilitated by preliminary marking. If welding is used for fixation, this aspect is omitted.

Steps are attached. Plastic or rubber tips are put on the legs.