Underground sewerage pipes. Sewer pipe to the ground dimensions

The underground sewerage system includes a whole range of engineering structures, equipment, as well as sanitary cleaning works, ensuring their uninterrupted operation. Sewerage is an integral part of water supply and drainage systems.

All waste water is transported through the system to a sump. The system consists of two independent branches, for domestic outlets and for the removal of atmospheric water (storm sewage). It is accepted that they are transported through separate pipelines.

The laying of underground sewerage is the most expensive, both in terms of time and material costs. When laying the system, many criteria must be taken into account that will ensure long-term and trouble-free operation. One of the criteria is pipe insulation. If you do not make high-quality insulation, then the pipes in severe frost can freeze and the drain will stagnate. The use of plastic pipes is less dangerous, due to the fact that they are not afraid of deformation, since they are cast iron and will not burst.

The depth of the laying of the external sewer pipe in the ground depends on the depth of freezing of the soil in your area and is calculated 30 cm deeper than this depth. It is customary to lay underground sewers to a depth of at least 70 cm, and for areas with low winter temperatures, this depth is set at least 1.2 m. Today, the industry produces special polypropylene pipes that have good thermal insulation characteristics. The use of thermal insulation makes it possible to significantly reduce the depth of laying the sewage system in the ground, and, therefore, to reduce the cost of laying work and in the future on repair and prevention.

Light pipe weight,

Easy to install.

Minuses:

Soft, easy to deform with increasing pressure,

Thick walled pipes are very expensive

Fall into disrepair when exposed to sunlight.

Polyethylene pipes

Smooth and corrugated. The latter, by the way, are more durable.

Pros:

The possibility of laying pipes to a depth of 15 m, since they do not deform under the weight of the soil,

Smooth inner walls,

Small mass,

Easy installation due to the presence of connectors and tees,

Service life over 50 years.

Minuses:

Deformed at temperatures above 65 ° C,

Fall into disrepair under the influence of sunlight,

Fits only in the ground.

For all its advantages, polyethylene pipes have low strength, so their rigidity is increased due to the outer corrugated layer.

Asbestos cement pipes

Such pipes are made from an aqueous mixture of cement and asbestos.

Pros:

Resistant to all chemicals,

Service life up to 100 years,

Easy to install and easy to connect to each other,

Small mass,

They rarely become clogged.

Minuses:

Very fragile (this must be taken into account when buying and carefully examine the pipes for chips and cracks),

Difficult transportation, again due to fragility.

These two disadvantages overshadow all the advantages of such pipes, so they are now practically not used.

Ceramic pipes

Ceramic pipes were used even before our era, but now they are also used in the construction of sewers.

Pros:

Easily tolerate temperature extremes,

Resistant to all chemicals, even the most corrosive,

Easy to install

Virtually no clogging due to the slight roughness of the inner walls.

Minuses:

Very fragile and because of this, their installation and delivery is complicated,

Short length, which leads to a large number of joints between them.

Due to their fragility, ceramic pipes have practically disappeared from the market, as they are difficult to use.

Choice of pipe diameter

When choosing the diameter of the sewer pipe, you must pay attention to both the inner and outer diameter.

For the sewerage of a small private house, a pipe with a standard diameter of 110 mm is suitable. When combining several sewers into one network, the pipe diameter should increase. Pipes for PU foam use the largest diameter size.

In most cases, pipes with a circular cross section are used. But there are times when pipes with a rectangular or elliptical section are used.

Rectangular pipes can be installed if the sewerage is at a depth of 1 meter, and elliptical in the case when the soil or drains create very strong pressure on the pipes.

It should also be remembered that if the sewer system is located shallow, then it must be insulated, otherwise you can get pipes ruptured at sub-zero temperatures.

Methods for connecting sewer pipes

There are three ways to connect:

1) welding- the most difficult way, as it requires certain skills and special equipment. Used to connect plastic and metal pipes. In case of repair, such connections create some difficulties;

2) socket- a thin section of the pipe is inserted into the wide end of the second pipe (socket), rubber seals and sealants are used for tightness, and tow is added at the end;

3) coupling (flanged, socketless)- two pipes are tightly pressed with slices to each other, a rubber cuff is applied on top and tightened with a clamp. This is the most convenient way to repair sewers.

From all this, we can conclude: before choosing a particular type of pipes, it is necessary to analyze all the factors for a specific situation in order to avoid problems in the future. For example, calculate the slope of the sewer pipe depending on the site.

Video: All about the installation of the sewage system

Basically, for the construction of a modern sewage system, PVC products are used, which have many advantages and disadvantages. But pipes of other materials can be used, which have their own characteristics. Due to the fact that the consumer is primarily interested in which pipe to use for underground sewage in accordance with their budget, we will consider the suitable and available varieties of them.

Characteristics of plastic products

Preparation of trenches for laying the sewer pipe

Piping is commercially available in standard sizes. Their diameter is determined by GOSTs, that is, pipes can be 10, 50, 90, 110, 300 and 160 mm in size. There are also products of large diameters, but they are not suitable for private construction.

Basically, the connection of plastic pipes is made using a similar technology by inserting into a fitting or other pipeline. Fittings include tees, corners, crosses, bends, revisions, plugs.

All plastic products are lightweight, with a density of 0.95-1.4 g / cm3, and differ in dielectric properties. The pipes have a slippery and smooth surface, which protects them from deposits.

PVC pipes are resistant to alkalis, acids and mineral oils. They are distinguished by long-term operation, but at a temperature of 70 degrees, the loss of their strength begins. Therefore, they are not suitable for industrial sewerage equipment. Also, PVC pipes are hard and slightly brittle, they have low sound insulation.

Polyethylene pipes differ from PVC products in greater slipperiness and pliability. Polyethylene is characterized by better sound absorption, resistance to mechanical damage, better chemical resistance to acids, biomass and alkalis. Polyethylene can be used to produce corrugated products intended for underground installation, resistant to pressure and soil displacement. But there is a risk of deformation of the pipe when pouring hot water.

installation of revision wells

A more durable material for the production of pressure pipes is polypropylene. Its softening temperature reaches 140 ºС, melting - 175 degrees. Polypropylene sewerage is resistant to boiling water discharge, but at temperatures less than 5 ºС the material becomes brittle. Because of this, pipelines must be laid underground or thermally insulated. Polypropylene is highly resistant to wear, so it can be used to drain wastewater with a high content of hard abrasive elements.

Characteristics of products made of cast iron and other materials

Cast iron pipes can often be found in old buildings, but they are no longer recommended for the arrangement of new buildings. The only advantage of cast iron pipes over plastic ones is their high noise absorption. Otherwise, they are characterized by a large mass, high cost, and complex installation. They can be used for laying under roads because of their high strength. If you opted for these pipes, then it is better to choose products treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

Ceramic, reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines can be used in the construction of the sewerage system in cities and enterprises. But in domestic conditions they are not used.

Which pipeline is better for the internal sewerage system?

Basically, home owners refuse cast iron products because of the difficult installation and large mass, preferring plastic counterparts to them. Plastic pipelines can be laid independently without specialists. In addition, plastic is characterized by resistance to aggressive media and strength.

For the laying of internal sewerage, it is better to choose PVC products that are resistant to wastewater with different temperature indicators. Pipes withstand freezing and soil pressure, do not form cracks and there is no loss of shape. In addition, plastic structures are sealed and corrosion resistant.

In the rules for laying sewers, there is one condition that must be adhered to by all means - to avoid sudden changes in levels and turns. When laying the sewage system, it is necessary to observe the normative documentation SNiP P-G.3-62.

ensuring the correct slope of the sewer pipe

The choice of the diameter of the sewer pipeline

If you study SNiP 2.04.01-85, then it describes in detail the calculation for choosing the size of pipes for the sewage system. It turns out that the suitable diameter of a sewer pipe in a private house is 50 mm, to which plumbing equipment for the kitchen and bath can be mounted. For a riser and a toilet bowl, structures with a diameter of more than 10 cm are chosen, since a large water flow is created in such places.

The toilet should be installed to the riser with a separate pipeline. It is not necessary to connect products with a smaller size to its drain, otherwise the flow may overlap the section of the pipeline, creating a vacuum in the connected pipe. This can drain the siphons of the rest of the equipment.

As a result, pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are the best choice for horizontal surfaces that go to the kitchen or bathroom, and for the riser and toilet bowl - 110 mm.

For individual drainage points (showers, bidets, sinks), smaller pipe diameters of 22-40 mm can be used. Here, rubber cuffs or transitional couplings are used.

For apartment buildings (with 5 floors), pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are suitable, and in buildings with a higher number of storeys, pipelines with a size of more than 150 mm should be laid.

Pipes connecting several risers with an outlet to a sewer well can be up to 20 cm in size.

Features of laying sewage

In addition to choosing the appropriate pipe size, the details of the sewerage system should be considered. The diameter of the horizontal pipeline cannot be larger than the drainage riser. Installation of horizontal connections is carried out with oblique corners and tees. Right angles are allowed only when the riser is connected to a horizontal section.

On sewer turns, revisions are installed - openings with covers for cleaning pipes.

First, a system design is created, where the following factors are taken into account:

soil composition;
mechanical stress on the sewerage system;
depth of soil freezing;
the depth of the groundwater.

The project reflects the location of all drainage points in the house, on the territory, the location of the water intake point, septic tank. Also indicated are the turning points, lines for installing sewer pipes, installation of the revision.

At this stage, the material used, the need for thermal insulation, drainage system and the number of adapters are determined. For bends and adapters, a slope of 45 ° C should be created; from the pipe to the septic tank, the slope should be at least 2 cm per linear meter. If the sewage system is laid above the freezing of the soil, then it is insulated, the joints are sealed with a sealant or silicone.

laying sewer pipes at the stage of laying the foundation

Installation work

Do-it-yourself installation of sewer pipes begins after marking the system on the territory, calculating the laying depth, choosing pipes of the required diameter, and cleaning facility.

Preparatory work involves digging a pit for a septic tank or a cesspool, after which a trench is dug for installing pipes. They need to be dug 20 cm lower than the planned level of laying the sewer elements.

Plastic is resistant to low temperatures, but so that water does not freeze in such pipes, they are wrapped with thermal insulation and covered with a dry mixture of cement and sand in a ratio of 1/3.

laying a drain pipe to a septic tank

In order for the sewage system to work properly, the slope of the pipes specified in the project must be observed. The depth of the trench on a flat surface near the house should be less than that near the sewage treatment plant. With a natural slope from the building to the septic tank, a trench is dug with a uniform depth along the entire length of the pipes.

With a steep slope, it is better to divide the sewage system into compartments with different levels, where the drop or distribution wells are mounted.

The bottom of the trench is rammed and covered with crushed stone or sand. Pipes can be laid in a trench to any depth. With a high distribution of groundwater and deep freezing of the soil, a buried trench is dug, where the pipeline is laid high. With a low location of waters, it is laid near the bottom or in the center of the trench.

Before laying pipes in trenches, check the inside for cleanliness. The laying of the pipeline begins from the drainage points in the house, after which the sewer is mounted in the direction of the treatment plant, connected to the rest of the branches of the street drain.

Remember to install pipes with an O-ring or silicone grease, install in the areas of bends and branches of the inspectors. After carefully laying the pipes, they are carefully wrapped with thermal insulation. Inspection wells, inspectors and ventilation pipes are installed near the house. With a long line length, it will be necessary to create 1 or 2 ventilation pipes.

Before backfilling the system, a test drain should be performed to reflect the quality of the piping performed.

At the end of all work, the sewer pipes are first covered with a mixture of sand and cement by 15 cm, and then with soil. Inspection wells and revisions are mounted 20 cm above the ground level.

Additionally, you can see the video instructions for laying the sewage system, which you can do yourself, subject to the relevant rules.

Any kind of human activity has a tremendous impact on the environment. Especially if it is an industrial production, waste from which is a huge danger.

Wastewater from an enterprise with a structure changed by physical or chemical methods and a number of impurities can cause serious damage to the environment. That is why the problem of disposal of industrial wastewater has been relevant since the emergence of industrial enterprises. At the moment, the most effective solution to this problem is the installation of a sewer network. Two types of sewerage can be used as a local sewerage system at a production facility: external and underground.

Outdoor sewerage is a complex of structures and systems located outside the building of the enterprise. It is a network of sewer pipes located on racks (supports) and laid to the cleaning devices. Underground sewerage includes a set of engineering systems and equipment, sewer pipes to which are carried out in dug trenches or punctures.

Installation of external sewerage networks

Ground laying is carried out in most cases in areas with permafrost soils. The pipes are located on channels and trays that are above the ground or partially grounded. The installation method of such a sewer network depends mainly on the conditions of the given object.

Not too aesthetic appearance - the main disadvantage of the external sewage system

For the installation of pipes with a small and medium diameter, steel or reinforced concrete masts and supports are used, for pipes with a large diameter - reinforced concrete racks. Thermal extensions of the sewerage system are equipped with bent expansion joints. Maintenance is carried out from special sites. If necessary, it is possible to install special bridges for the passage.

In terms of cost price, as well as the cost of installation and maintenance, outdoor sewerage is more profitable than underground, but it spoils the aesthetic impression and is not always appropriate.

Underground sewerage

Underground sewerage device somewhat different. There are two types of laying the sewer network underground: channelless (installation of pipes directly in the ground) and channel (laying in special channels).

The first method has a lower cost and is performed much faster than the second in terms of time. The safety of the pipes is ensured by special insulation and thickening of the shell. The second provides a high degree of protection of the pipe from mechanical damage and environmental influences. In addition, the channels used in this method are also divided into several types:

Straight passages (a large number of pipes)
Semi-bore (multiple pipe crossings)
Non-bore (many small diameter pipes)

Underground sewerage it is used much more often than aboveground. It provides good protection for pipes, is more compact, and preserves the appearance of the environment. However, it also costs an order of magnitude more.

It is unlikely that it will be possible to save money on an underground sewage system.

Above ground sewerage ideal when crossing difficult terrain or water hazards. In addition, it is very popular in areas with frozen ground, which does not allow for underground installation.

Which method is better is a moot point. It all depends on the purpose of the sewage system, environmental conditions, aesthetics, convenience and a number of other factors. However, each type has undoubted advantages, which, if used correctly, will last for many years without interruption.

Preparation of trenches for laying the sewer pipe

Basically, the connection of plastic pipes is made using a similar technology by inserting into a fitting or other pipeline. Fittings include tees, corners, crosses, bends, revisions, plugs.

All plastic products are lightweight, with a density of 0.95-1.4 g / cm3, and differ in dielectric properties. The pipes have a slippery and smooth surface, which protects them from deposits.

installation of revision wells

Ceramic, reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines can be used in the construction of the sewerage system in cities and enterprises. But in domestic conditions they are not used.

ensuring the correct slope of the sewer pipe

As a result, pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are the best choice for horizontal surfaces that go to the kitchen or bathroom, and for the riser and toilet bowl - 110 mm.

For individual drainage points (showers, bidets, sinks), smaller pipe diameters of 22-40 mm can be used. Here, rubber cuffs or transitional couplings are used.

For apartment buildings (with 5 floors), pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are suitable, and in buildings with a higher number of storeys, pipelines with a size of more than 150 mm should be laid.

Pipes connecting several risers with an outlet to a sewer well can be up to 20 cm in size.

On sewer turns, revisions are installed - openings with covers for cleaning pipes.

First, a system design is created, where the following factors are taken into account:

soil composition;
mechanical stress on the sewerage system;
depth of soil freezing;
the depth of the groundwater.

The project reflects the location of all drainage points in the house, on the territory, the location of the water intake point, septic tank. Also indicated are the turning points, lines for installing sewer pipes, installation of the revision.

laying sewer pipes at the stage of laying the foundation

Do-it-yourself installation of sewer pipes begins after marking the system on the territory, calculating the laying depth, choosing pipes of the required diameter, and cleaning facility.

laying a drain pipe to a septic tank

With a steep slope, it is better to divide the sewage system into compartments with different levels, where the drop or distribution wells are mounted.

Before backfilling the system, a test drain should be performed to reflect the quality of the piping performed.

At the end of all work, the sewer pipes are first covered with a mixture of sand and cement by 15 cm, and then with soil. Inspection wells and revisions are mounted 20 cm above the ground level.

Additionally, you can see the video instructions for laying the sewage system, which you can do yourself, subject to the relevant rules.

Installation of sewer pipes for a private site does not provide for special knowledge and skills, any special tools. But, at the same time, even small deviations in the implementation of pipe installation in the future can cause large breakdowns.

A layer of earth gives a lot of pressure to sewer pipes, they are sensitive to temperature changes and moisture. It is because of this that it is necessary to prematurely think about the fact that the pipe for the sewage system into the ground should be installed according to all the necessary rules. Installation of sewer pipes underground, installation and insulation of the external sewer system.

Installation of an external sewerage system is elementary. The pipes are laid in a pre-dug hole, connected to the system in the house, and then covered with soil. Before drawing up a plan for laying an external sewer system, you need to find out what type of pipes.

The size depends on what scale the trench needs to be dug. The underground sewer pipe differs in many ways. Today, sewer pipes are made from different materials.

Cast iron pipes are very heavy, and inside they are quite rough. The installation of such pipes requires considerable effort. That is why this type of sewer pipes in private houses is not often used. Ceramic pipes are very easy to install, but they can break easily if accidentally moved.

Concrete sewer pipes are also very difficult to install, therefore they are rarely used in areas of private houses. Asbestos-cement pipes are distinguished by their low price and light weight, they are easy to install, but also easy to damage, and the inner surface is very rough.

Such pipes have all the needs that are necessary for an external sewer system. They are lightweight, resistant to chemicals, very durable, their inner surface is very smooth, resistant to various temperature extremes, etc.

Fiberglass is also good for sewer systems. It consists of a polyester resin and is insulated with fiberglass. But such sewerage systems are large and expensive.

The most popular in our time are plastic pipes.

To install the sewage system on the site of the house, a plastic sewer pipe is used underground, up to 11 centimeters in size, necessarily red, not gray. Gray PP pipes are used for indoor sewerage, and red (orange) for outdoor ones, as they are thicker and stronger.

Polyethylene, which has high strength, is average.

The sequence of work when installing pipes.

Before installing a sewer system pipe into the ground, you need to make a project. The installation pit should have few bends, and it is best that it be absolutely straight. If this cannot be avoided, then special wells are mounted for viewing, so that in the event of breakdowns and blockages, this can be easily eliminated.

The correct calculation of the installation depth of the system is also important. In this case, one should take into account how much the earth can freeze in winter. You also need to take into account the desired installation bias.

When the project is ready, and all factors are taken into account, you can begin to install the sewer system. First, you need to dig a hole of the required depth, then sand is poured onto the bottom and pressed. After that, pipes are laid and combined, and then connected to the sewage system and drainage system. Next, they check the work and the tightness of the pipes. Then the system is covered with sand, pressing it, and the system is covered with earth.

When designing the installation of a sewer system, you need to take into account the advice of the masters:

the presence of turns and connections must be minimized;
no need to trim parts;
pay attention to the fastening of the system;
organize the desired slope, for this you can use a special cable.

Features of insulation of sewer systems.

Experts recommend that it is imperative to insulate the pipes of the sewage system. For these purposes, you can use insulation in rolls or uniform insulation. Insulation in rolls must be wound around the circumference of the pipe along the entire length during the installation of the sewage system.

The sewerage system of a private house consists of indoor and outdoor pipelines. Installation of the internal part of the drainage system is complex and requires professionalism and the use of special equipment. In areas where there are outbuildings, plantings or roadways, special equipment is used and sewer pipes are laid using the horizontal puncture method.

When choosing pipes, you need to consider:

the ability to cope well with its main task - drainage, not to allow small debris to cling to the inner walls and accumulate, forming blockages;
resistance to aggressive substances contained in wastewater and soil;
strength that does not allow pipes to deform under the weight of the soil laid on top of the pipeline.

Sewerage pipes have their own advantages and disadvantages, which differ depending on the material from which they are made:

Pipe material	Advantages	disadvantages
cast iron	durability,	large weight, complexity of transportation and installation, roughness of the inner surface, high cost
steel	resistance to mechanical stress, smoothness of the inner walls	instability to moisture, susceptibility to corrosion
asbestos cement	durability, lightness, low cost	instability to mechanical stress, roughness of the inner surface
polyethylene	low cost, ease of transportation and installation, durability, resistance to chemicals, smooth inner surface	withstand temperature - up to 50 degrees, instability to ultraviolet
polypropylene	withstand temperature - up to 80 degrees	low rigidity, susceptibility to deformation under mechanical stress
polyvinyl chloride	variety of types and sizes, ease of transportation and installation, smoothness of the inner surface, wear resistance	withstand temperature - up to 40 degrees

Polymer pipes, in addition, can be smooth-walled and corrugated: the former are cheaper, the latter are more durable and elastic.

There are also insulated pipes and pipes with a built-in heating cable - their use when installing a shallow-buried sewage system.

How to lay sewer pipes in the ground

Installation of an external sewage system into the ground takes place in three stages:

Trench preparation.
Pipeline installation.
Backfilling.

Digging a trench

Before digging trenches for laying sewers, make calculations of the network configuration and determine:

The optimal geometric shape of the pipeline: the most effective and easiest to maintain will be a pipeline with a minimum number of corners and branches, if possible - the pipeline is led in a straight line from the house to the wastewater discharge site. To bypass obstacles, it is permissible to make turns of the pipeline at an angle of 30-45 degrees. Right angles in the sewer network are unacceptable due to the increased pressure of wastewater on the pipeline walls and an increase in the likelihood of blockages.
The depth of the trenches, which allows maintaining the operability of the canals in the winter period: below the depth of freezing of the soil by the pipe diameter plus 15-20 cm on the sand cushion. The minimum permissible depth of trenches is 0.5 m, the optimal one varies from 2 m in the southern regions of Russia to 3.5 m in the northern ones.
The angle of inclination, ensuring the free flow of wastewater: usually, a slope of 1-2 cm for each meter of the pipeline is sufficient;
The width of the trenches: add 40 cm to the diameter of the pipe; with a large depth and diameter of pipes more than 20 cm, the width of the trenches is increased for ease of installation.

In this article we will talk about which pipes are better to choose for underground sewerage and understand their pros and cons.

So, which pipe is better to choose for an underground sewage system?

This question always arises at the sight of the variety in the market.

In order not to be mistaken in the choice, the following factors must be taken into account:

the chemical composition of the discharged waste and their temperature;
maximum discharge volume;
the maximum possible decrease in temperature in winter;
type of soil;
how deep and at what angle the sewer will be laid.

Pipes in the external sewage system must be very strong and durable, they can perfectly tolerate negative temperatures.

This is what guarantees their reliability and durability of the entire sewage system.

Sewer pipe materials

There are several types of materials used in the manufacture of pipes:

cast iron,
polyethylene,
polypropylene,
ceramics,
asbestos cement.

Moreover, the last two materials are used extremely rarely. Most often, pipes made of plastic or cast iron are used.

Cast iron pipes

Ductile iron has many advantages over gray cast iron. Nowadays, socketless pipes made of cast iron (sml) are most often used.

The advantages of such pipes:

Very durable

Will last up to 85 years,

They easily tolerate negative temperatures.

But there are also disadvantages:

Absolutely not suitable for salty soils,

Very heavy, making installation and shipping difficult,

Uneven rough walls contribute to the gradual clogging of the pipe,

High cost.

PVC pipes

PVC pipes used for outdoor sewerage are orange.

Gray pipes have thin walls (2.7 mm) and therefore deform under soil pressure. They are used only for internal sewerage.

If the depth of the pipe is more than two meters and boxes are not used, then it is better to take corrugated pipes.

Pros:

Cheapness,

Easily tolerate temperature changes,

Durability,

The smoothness of the inner walls, which prevents the formation of blockages,

Low weight of the pipe, which makes installation easier,

Do not rust.

Minuses:

When the temperature of the drain water is more than 40 ° C, the pipes are deformed,

Used only for free-flow sewage,

Suitable for small houses.

There are some differences between pipes from different manufacturers. And this also needs to be taken into account.

In addition, there are three classes of pipe stiffness:

1) S - hard (used at a depth of up to 8 m),

2) N - medium hardness (depth up to 6 m),

3) L - light (up to 2 m).

Polypropylene pipes

Pros:

Smooth inner walls,

The term of use is about 100 years,

Easily tolerate temperatures of 100 ° C,

Not affected by chemicals,

Light pipe weight,

Easy to install.

Minuses:

Soft, easy to deform with increasing pressure,

Thick walled pipes are very expensive

Fall into disrepair when exposed to sunlight.

Polyethylene pipes

Smooth and corrugated. The latter, by the way, are more durable.

Pros:

The possibility of laying pipes to a depth of 15 m, since they do not deform under the weight of the soil,

Smooth inner walls,

Small mass,

Easy installation due to the presence of connectors and tees,

Service life over 50 years.

Minuses:

Deformed at temperatures above 65 ° C,

Fall into disrepair under the influence of sunlight,

Fits only in the ground.

For all its advantages, polyethylene pipes have low strength, so their rigidity is increased due to the outer corrugated layer.

Asbestos cement pipes

Such pipes are made from an aqueous mixture of cement and asbestos.

Pros:

Resistant to all chemicals,

Service life up to 100 years,

Easy to install and easy to connect to each other,

Small mass,

They rarely become clogged.

Minuses:

Very fragile (this must be taken into account when buying and carefully examine the pipes for chips and cracks),

Difficult transportation, again due to fragility.

These two disadvantages overshadow all the advantages of such pipes, so they are now practically not used.

Ceramic pipes

Ceramic pipes were used even before our era, but now they are also used in the construction of sewers.

Pros:

Easily tolerate temperature extremes,

Resistant to all chemicals, even the most corrosive,

Easy to install

Virtually no clogging due to the slight roughness of the inner walls.

Minuses:

Very fragile and because of this, their installation and delivery is complicated,

Short length, which leads to a large number of joints between them.

Due to their fragility, ceramic pipes have practically disappeared from the market, as they are difficult to use.

Choice of pipe diameter

When choosing the diameter of the sewer pipe, you must pay attention to both the inner and outer diameter.

In most cases, pipes with a circular cross section are used. But there are times when pipes with a rectangular or elliptical section are used.

Rectangular pipes can be installed if the sewerage is at a depth of 1 meter, and elliptical in the case when the soil or drains create very strong pressure on the pipes.

It should also be remembered that if the sewer system is located shallow, then it must be insulated, otherwise you can get pipes ruptured at sub-zero temperatures.

Methods for connecting sewer pipes

There are three ways to connect:

1) welding- the most difficult way, as it requires certain skills and special equipment. Used to connect plastic and metal pipes. In case of repair, such connections create some difficulties;

2) socket- a thin section of the pipe is inserted into the wide end of the second pipe (socket), rubber seals and sealants are used for tightness, and tow is added at the end;

From all this, we can conclude: before choosing a particular type of pipes, it is necessary to analyze all the factors for a specific situation in order to avoid problems in the future. For example, calculate the slope of the sewer pipe depending on the site.

Video: All about the installation of the sewage system

Underground, we will consider the advantages and disadvantages of various materials, the required diameter and connection options.

Which pipe to use for underground sewage

The market offers us pipes for underground sewerage of different diameters, materials and connection options.

To make the right choice, you need to consider:

temperature and chemical aggressiveness of effluents;
volumes of discharges during periods of maximum load;
minimum temperatures of the climatic zone;
the depth and angle of the sewerage;
type of soil.

Outdoor sewer pipes must meet numerous requirements: to be durable, reliable, durable and. Sewer pipes, correctly selected for specific conditions, will ensure efficient drainage of waste water for many years.

Pipe material

Sewerage can be laid underground using the following materials:

cast iron;
polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
(PP);
polyethylene (PE);
asbestos cement;
ceramics.

The last two options are used very rarely, and more and more users are opting for pipes made of cast iron and plastic.

Cast iron pipes

Advantages:

durable;
service life up to 85 years;
withstand heavy loads;
resistance to temperature extremes.

Disadvantages:

not suitable for saline soil;
are heavy, increasing the cost of delivery and complicating the installation process;
a rough surface reduces the flow rate of effluents and provokes;
high price.

PVC pipes

Disadvantages:

if the temperature of the drains is above 40 C °, they quickly become unusable due to the temperature elongation of the material;
suitable only for gravity drainage;
used for small private houses.

It should also be noted that the characteristics of PVC pipes may differ depending on the manufacturer. In addition, such pipes can differ in hardness, and depending on it, be used at different depths. The stiffest S-class pipes can be used at depths of 8 m, medium-stiff N-class pipes at a depth of 6 m, and the lightest L-class pipes at a depth of 2 m.

Polypropylene pipes

Advantages:

smooth inner surface;
service life up to 100 years;
resistant to temperatures up to 100 C °;
do not decompose under the influence of acids and alkalis;
light weight, which simplifies transportation and installation;
installation is quite simple and quick, does not require the use of special equipment.

Disadvantages:

soft, can deform at high pressure;
pipes with increased wall thickness, intended for burial at greater depths, are more expensive;
deteriorate under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, which complicates storage.

Polyethylene pipes

On sale there are smooth and corrugated, which have greater strength.

Advantages:

resistance to loads allows PP pipes to be laid to a depth of 15 m;
smooth surface with high flow capacity;
a light weight;
on sale a wide range of connectors, tees and branches that facilitate the installation process;
service life exceeds 50 years.

Disadvantages:

cannot be used for drains with temperatures above 65 C °;
deteriorate from UV radiation;
can only fit into the ground, part of the system must not exit over the ground.

With a huge number of advantages, plastic has a low strength, therefore, the outer surface of the pipes is made corrugated, increasing their rigidity. At the same time, the inner surface remains smooth so as not to trap drains.

Asbestos cement

For the production of such pipes, a mixture of Portland cement and asbestos fiber is used.

Advantages:

excellent resistance to aggressive media, so virtually any waste can be drained through such pipes;
durability, and in this regard, asbestos-cement pipes are among the leaders, since they can be operated for up to 100 years;
ease of laying, since it is quite simple to dock the individual parts of the pipes;
light weight, which facilitates installation;
such pipes are not prone to overgrowth, so they will serve as they should for many years.

Disadvantages:

high fragility, since even minor mechanical damage can compromise the integrity of the material. Even new pipes at the ends can have chips and cracks, so when buying, you need to carefully look at them;
complexity of delivery due to high fragility.

These disadvantages negate all the advantages of asbestos-cement pipes, so they are practically not used today.

Ceramics

Ceramics have been used for the production of sewer pipes since antiquity, and today the material is still used for this purpose.

Advantages:

high resistance to temperature extremes, extremely low and high temperatures;
complete inertness to any substances, even strong alkalis, even acids. Such pipes can withstand the influence of absolutely any effluent;
ease of installation;
the inner surface has a low roughness, which means that it will not overgrow and clog.

Disadvantages:

too high fragility, which complicates the transportation of pipes and their installation. New pipes may already have cracks, and their presence is indicated by a slightly rattling sound when tapping on the pipe;
ceramic pipes are not very long, which leads to the need to make a large number of joints, and this negatively affects the integrity of the system;

It is precisely because of their high fragility that it is very difficult to use ceramic pipes, and they are almost ousted from the modern market.

Diameter

When choosing the diameter of the sewer pipe, it is necessary to take into account the external and internal dimensions, since the wall thickness can differ significantly.

For household outdoor sewerage applicable standard 110 mm... This diameter is sufficient for service. When several houses or a whole village are combined into one sewer network, the diameter should increase in accordance with the calculations for the project.

All the time, it was about pipes with a circular cross-section, which are used in the vast majority of cases, because drains move along them as quickly as possible. However, this is far from the only option. Sometimes used elliptical pipes: they are necessary when the soil creates a strong pressure on the pipes or when the load of the effluent on them is too high. When the sewage system is not too deep (up to 1 m), pipes with a semicircular and rectangular section can be used. It is also worth noting that if the sewer system is not located deeply enough, then it is necessary to isolate it in order to avoid rupture of pipes during the cold season.

- the most difficult, requiring special knowledge and the use of equipment. Welding is carried out on metal and plastic pipes. Such connections are extremely inconvenient in cases of need for repair.

Flared- the cut of one pipe is installed in the socket of the other. The tightness of the joints is achieved through the use of rubber seals and. When using this method, when installing cast-iron pipes, tow is additionally made.

Socketless(flanged, coupling) - pipes that are even at both ends are butt-to-joint, a rubber cuff is applied to the joint and tightened with a clamp. The socketless connection method is most convenient for repairs and replacements of the sewer section.

Having analyzed which pipes for underground sewage are most suitable in a particular case, you will get rid of many problems associated with the difficulties of cleaning and repairing.