rating of septic tanks for a country house 2018 (TOP -10)

And then the moment came when the relief of the site was planned, the dream house was built from reliable material, it remains to complete only a couple of moments related to convenience and nature ... competent solution of this issue. Namely, the choice of an autonomous sewage system or a septic tank, which will allow you to purify wastewater and preserve the environment. Therefore, the only way out is to install a septic tank, which decomposes sewage and fecal matter into almost pure water and harmless sludge. Is it better to choose a Los or a septic tank for a country house? But what's the best septic tank or salmon? What is right for me for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence? What does the rating of volatile or non-volatile septic tanks look like? This is probably one of the most difficult questions when building a house. We strive to always get the best in our life, as this guarantees us peace of mind and reliability. Everyone asked such a question, building their dream home, choosing a plot or materials that are the most reliable and of the highest quality on the market. I would like to compare in order to understand the rating. Choose the best septic tank for yourself. Understand what quality septic tank has a great guarantee.

The history of the septic tank

Long gone are the days when a "birdhouse" on the street was arranged for everyone in a private house. The modern standard of a comfortable life, even in the country, presupposes the presence of a normal toilet and, at least, a shower. And in the house there is often more than one bathroom, and in addition, a lot of household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, the sewage system for a private house must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of a method for processing wastewater. Since the correct selection and subsequent disposal of wastewater will ensure a comfortable stay on the site.

The best article /

What will we get from this article? - MAXIMUM in order to choose a septic tank / Los. We will also pay attention to the definitions, principles of operation of various treatment plants, the most popular and effective models. We will determine how to choose the best septic tank for your home or summer cottage. And what characteristics must be considered when choosing the best septic tank or VOC for a country house. It is important not to be mistaken in choosing the best sewage solution for yourself.

Variations of the Best Septic Tank or in 2018

Today is already 2018 and in our modern world there is very strong competition and it is very difficult for any consumer to make the right choice in favor of reliability, quality and peace of mind. Plunging completely into this very interesting topic, you understand how many of them, variations, materials, pros and cons. Septic tanks, VOCs and storage tanks - we fully define what is what? Since many people confuse the name of a septic tank with an autonomous sewage system.

For temporary residence

For permanent residence

DESCRIPTION: Storage tank, or.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the general definition of what systems are and what they are intended for. Below is a block of information for understanding the principle and operation of wastewater treatment and storage systems. Therefore, the best septic tank for home and summer cottages will be your own. We will start with the simplest - definitions and explanations of what is what.

A storage tank is a reservoir, from the word (fr. Réserve from lat. Reservare - to preserve), intended for the accumulation of household waste water from the sewerage system. The main purpose is the accumulation and storage of sewage, household waste, etc. The purpose of the storage tank, in the case of wastewater collection, is to exclude direct emissions into the environment (ditch, soil, water). This technological solution allows you to preserve the ecological environment in your and neighboring area. The storage tank does not process or purify waste water from the sewerage system.

• The wastewater comes into a storage tank, from where it is periodically pumped out by a sewage machine.

A septic tank is a complex structure consisting of a reservoir and a system of perforated drainage pipes, designed for the treatment of domestic wastewater from the sewerage system. As mentioned earlier, this structure consists of two parts:

• The first part of the septic tank is a reservoir, or receiving chamber, where wastewater from the house flows.
• The second part of the septic tank is a structure (field filtration or soil post-treatment) of perforated pipes laid on a layer of rubble.

The first part of the septic tank, or the receiving chamber, can be made of many materials, but we will talk about this in the next article. He will also tell you about all the pros and cons of these solutions with a septic tank.

VOC is a local treatment plant designed for mechanical and biological treatment of domestic wastewater from the sewerage system. This structure is a multi-chamber closed system in which all steps and cycles of wastewater treatment take place. The whole range of measures in VOCs allows for complete and reliable treatment with a degree of 98%, which allows the treated wastewater from VOCs to be reused. It can be used for watering plants, washing a car, or simply dumping into a ditch, storage tank or absorption well. True, it meets these criteria only after the installation reaches the operating mode (when the bacterial colony multiplies in sufficient quantity). This can take up to 2-3 weeks.

Since everyone has different situations and conditions on the site, first you need to know the following:

• GWL - groundwater level. GWL is the first underground aquifer from the earth's surface. It lies above the first waterproof layer, which does not allow water to pass through and does not allow it to seep deeper). But it should also be borne in mind that GWL is a constant phenomenon. First of all, it depends on the time of year. For example, in spring, snow melts at which the GWL increases, while in winter it decreases.
• Availability of water protection facilities / zones - a limited regime for the implementation of any activity is established on them. Which are aimed at preventing contamination and clogging.
• The area for a septic tank / moss is the size of the plot that you are ready to give for the organization of wastewater treatment.

IMPORTANT: Bacteria for the treatment of effluents in and

Why are they and why are we writing about them? Bacteria - bacteria, they are everywhere and everywhere, but even here you cannot do without them. Let's take a closer look at what and how bacteria are formed in a septic tank or VOC for (all-season) permanent residence. It is important to understand not only the external structure, but also the internal processes. Correct operation and conditions for bacteria will ensure reliable operation of the VOC and septic tank for permanent residence. They play the most important role in the cleaning stages. Let's get to know them better ...

Anaerobic bacteria for and

Waste enters the septic tank, a reaction of their decomposition and the formation of bacteria occurs. They are formed and require a minimum concentration of air or an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to choose septic tanks that are sealed and durable. It is advisable to look at the warranty and production method. The cleaning process with these bacteria is quite slow. It is also called anaerobic treatment or simply wastewater clarification.

As a result, after anaerobic treatment, wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the ground or ditch, since it is not sufficiently treated and is not industrial water. To dispose of it, a storage tank is used, and in the case of additional cleaning, aeration fields are used / equipped.

Aerobic bacteria for

In they are formed in the aeration tank chamber. This is a special tank or structure located after the preliminary settling tank, in which anaerobic bacteria are formed. Pre-treated wastewater with activated sludge flows or is pumped into the aeration tank chamber, where deep biological treatment takes place. This process occurs due to the forced saturation of the effluents with oxygen. For the life and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, a favorable environment is needed - oxygen-enriched water. This process consists in the separation of natural waste into components. This type of bacteria is the most effective because it quickly affects biological substances.

• For normal life, the organisms of activated sludge require small amounts of dissolved oxygen. The critical concentration is considered to be 0.2 mg / dm³, quite satisfactory - 0.5 mg / dm³ of dissolved oxygen.
• The maximum cleaning percentage for anaerobic bacteria is 60%.
• The maximum cleaning percentage for aerobic bacteria is 98%.

PRINCIPLE OF WORK or how it works:, or.

Since the process and principle of operation of the storage tank is already clear, let's take a closer look at how the processes and work in the septic tank and /. Wastewater through a pipeline or sewer enters a septic tank or. The principle of operation of all cleaning systems consists of several stages. The partial stage cannot provide the required cleaning quality and is not recommended by law and regulations for dumping into the ground. First of all, we will analyze the information about the septic tank ...

The septic tank is a "beta" version of the local sewage treatment plant. To begin with, how does the process of cleaning in a septic tank take place?

• After the effluent enters the septic tank (tank), primary settling occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen. This stage is necessary to perform preliminary wastewater treatment. First of all, settling, fermentation and reproduction of anaerobic bacteria take place. As a result of the first stage, the heavy fractions settle to the bottom, the fat floats up and the effluents are clarified. After preliminary settling and all biological processes, the degree of purification is 60%.
• After the first stage, the degree of purification is not enough to safely discharge wastewater into the ground. It is not technical and does not comply with standards and regulations. The water needs additional treatment, for this event it is necessary to release the settled effluent to the soil additional treatment (filtration field). At this stage, wastewater gets the opportunity to form aerobic bacteria, passing through the soil and being cleaned of possible impurities. This measure provides cleaning with a degree of 90%.

These cycles consist of several cleaning steps, which is why the container consists of several parts / compartments. The effluent from the sewage system ends up in VOCs, which mainly consist of 3 parts.

• First compartment or preliminary settling tank. It uses a mechanical / anaerobic cleaning method. Bacteria arise as a result of sedimentation and fermentation of wastewater in a septic tank and autonomous sewage system. Likewise - like the first stage in a septic tank. The effluent flows into the second compartment through a system of airlifts or by gravity.
• Second compartment or aerotank. A biological / aerobic cleaning method takes place in it. Aerobic bacteria arise and continue their vital activity as a result of the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen, as a result of which biological decomposition of organic matter occurs. Pumps or compressors are used to form beneficial microorganisms. The effluent flows into the third compartment through a system of airlifts or by gravity.
• Third compartment or secondary sump. Here the last stage of cleaning takes place - organic residues turn into silt and settle to the bottom. Industrial water with a degree of 98% purification comes out of the secondary chamber. This water is suitable for watering a vegetable garden or discharging into a river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.

• Septic tank - purification degree 90%
• VOC - purification rate 98%

TO WHOM WHAT? how to choose OR OR

Let's take a closer look at the technical features and purposes for consumers. Most likely, after reading this block, you will understand exactly what you need for temporary residence, and what for (all-season) permanent residence. And the most important thing is that you will choose the best septic tank for your dacha and home, and maybe VOC.

Storage capacity

The storage tank is an ideal option for a small country house in which 2-3 people live, and even then not in all cases, since they do not process wastewater. First of all, this option is suitable for those who plan to live in a house or summer cottage seasonally: 2-3 months a year (summer). This option is the simplest of all solutions for the drainage of sewage. Taking into account the direct purpose of the storage tank, you need to select the most optimal volume of the tank.

Service

The service of storage tanks is only one and quite simple. To carry it out, it is necessary to Call the waste water ossification machine and pump out the waste water from the storage tank when it is full.

First of all, a septic tank for a home with a filtration field is used on well-permeable soil. It does not require electricity and is popular for temporary and seasonal stays. If everything is properly organized and taken into account, it is an ideal option for summer cottages (all-season) for permanent residence. Of course, if it is possible to organize and install a septic tank with soil treatment (filtration field), taking into account the laws and regulations. As well as the Low level of groundwater, is the main factor in the choice of existing options for the disposal of treated wastewater. Minimum water table (min. 1.5 m from drainage pipes).

Filtration field

The main visual differences between the storage tank and the septic tank are the additional structure of the second stage of treatment.
The filtration field is an underground system of drainpipes located on a layer of gravel on which wastewater treatment takes place. The receiver of the treated wastewater is the soil. In the case of a high groundwater level, a pumping station should be installed and the entire treatment facility should be placed higher and installed in an embankment.

At the moment, it is an ideal, practical and correct solution for a house, summer cottage or cottage for permanent and temporary residence. First of all, for the installation of a deep biological treatment station, a rather small amount of space is required compared to a septic tank or a storage tank. All biological treatment processes take place in one tank, there is no need to organize filtration fields and other technical solutions. You just need to divert the treated wastewater into the ground, ditch or water body.

Purification degree

VOC is a modern wastewater treatment facility with a high degree of purification of 98%. Thanks to all the processes and new technologies, MBBR can be applied and will be suitable for any area - size and condition. It is clear that there are situations when it is impossible to organize the discharge of treated wastewater. Filtration fields in the embankment are then applied. But these are unique cases that make it possible to organize the absorption of treated wastewater into the soil.

Facilities

Manufacturers immediately indicate the number of users in order to perfectly match the los to your needs. But it is necessary to correctly understand the processes inside the station, since some deep biological treatment stations require a constant flow of wastewater. Therefore, in VOC Delfin everything is realized by gravity.

For permanent or temporary residence - DIFFERENCES:, or.

All systems are designed to purify wastewater after a house or summer cottage, but it is necessary to understand not only the positive side, but also the negative in order to make the right decision. Below is a table that contains reviews, facts and technical features of the use of a particular cleaning system. According to its parameters, a septic tank for permanent residence must fully cope with the estimated volume of flow, therefore, when buying, it is necessary to take into account how many people will live in the household. It is also worth noting that for temporary residence, you should pay attention to not expensive stations that require minimal financial costs. When it comes to a septic tank for a permanent stay, we recommend taking a deep cleaning station.

	Concrete septic tank / storage tank	Plastic
	Frame
Possibility of self-production	You can do it yourself	Factory version only	Factory execution only.
Equipment tightness	When self-made, it is difficult to seal, especially with a high level of groundwater	The body is sealed and requires anchoring or special fixtures. Simple structure, ensures stable operation of the preliminary cleaning stage. Long lasting. Environmental Safety.	Sealed body, does not float (always full). All equipment is manufactured at the factory, so the reliability will be higher than that of a self-made structure. Long lasting. Environmental Safety.
	Sewage treatment
Wastewater post-treatment options	No	Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators. Limited service life of the filtration field. Fragility and high risk of soil and groundwater contamination - especially important for cesspools and concrete wells	The autonomous sewerage system is small. It is possible to place it on absolutely any site and in any conditions. Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators, drainage ditch.
Degree of purification of sewage effluents	The degree of purification is 60%.	The degree of purification is 90%. Unpleasant odor emanating from a storage septic tank, overflow well or filtration field. The penetration of sewage (fecal water) into the groundwater, and then they often end up in water supply wells. The need to use special bacteria for maximum environmental friendliness.	High degree of purification - 98%. Thanks to all cleaning technologies, a high degree of purification is achieved, which allows water to be discharged into a ditch or drainage (industrial water, reuse).
Dependence on electricity	No	Energy independence. There are no compressors or pumps in the design of the septic tank. No electrical connection required. But a permanent stay is required. Necessary for all cleaning processes. Without wastewater, wastewater rotting occurs, which entails unscheduled maintenance of the station.	Volatility. This factor is not a disadvantage for all autonomous sewers. Depending on the principle and modes of operation of the plant, volatility can play a key role in the operating cost of the entire plant. Since the automatics and compressors with pumps work constantly, the station quickly consumes motor resources, the reliability of the station's constituent parts.
Demanding on the regularity of "replenishment"	Does not matter	Does not matter. Bacteria living in a septic tank do not need daily feeding.	It reacts poorly to uneven flows of wastewater, it is better to use it for permanent residence
Salvo discharge	Handles large volumes perfectly	It copes well with large volumes. With the correct calculation of the volume, the septic tank is not afraid of an increased volley discharge of drains.	Handles only a certain amount of waste
High groundwater table (GWL)		To ensure the pumping of settled effluents, it is required to use a pumping station, which will affect the total cost of the entire station and will be comparable to an autonomous sewage system.	Can be used at high ground water levels. Organization of SPS or additional modifications.
	OPERATION and SERVICE
Service	Regular pumping out by a sewage machine (1-3 times a year). Service as the tank fills. The volume of the storage tank is limited. Constant control of the level of effluents.	Regular pumping out by a sewage machine (1-3 times a year). Convenient for houses with non-permanent residence. Minimum maintenance and operating costs. Regular call of sewers (necessary even for septic tanks of the TANK type requiring constant filling of anaerobic bacteria) to pump out unprocessed wastewater	Minimum service costs. Periodic maintenance by specialists. Many manufacturers seek to reduce the cost of their products requiring systematic intervention by the manufacturer's service department. Compressor technical service. Convenient and simple operation, without constant attention.
Smell	Unpleasant odors during service. An excellent breeding ground for bacteria and viruses dangerous to health.	Silting up filtration field. Depending on the use and correct design and installation of the entire station system, the need to relocate the filtration field arises on average after 10-15 years, which entails additional costs.	Odorless. All gases escape through the ventilation.
	MOUNTING
Excavation.	Easy installation under the container.	Area by Field filtration. The complexity of installation and a fairly large amount of earthwork. Since additional soil cleaning is required, it is necessary to have additional free area for field filtration. Cumbersome and not always possible installation of primitive sewage treatment plants, the need to provide access to a sewage truck.	Simple installation. For an autonomous sewage system, it is not required to organize a filtration field (soil additional treatment), which entails an additional volume of earthworks (without restrictions on the area and geological conditions).

RATING: Description of top-end IMPORT (Finnish, Polish) and domestic Russian / for permanent residence

In this article, there will be a general comparison of existing autonomous sewers / VOCs on the territory of the Russian Federation. We will try to highlight the most popular autonomous sewerage systems produced in Russia or in Europe. Despite the fact that many different septic tanks are currently on the market, not all of them are of high quality and reliable. When choosing, it is also necessary to build on not only the characteristics, but also from the manufacturer's company. Comparing septic tanks for the house with each other, it is impossible to say definitely which one is the best, since each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. But in general, you can ...

Since there are currently many varieties of septic tanks on the construction market, which differ not only in varieties, technical characteristics, but also in prices, it is quite difficult to choose them. Therefore, it is worthwhile to clearly analyze all the nuances and choose it according to its technical characteristics, the quality of the cleaning device and parameters, as well as depending on its manufacturer.

Delfin

Since 1993, one of the most popular European manufacturers of professional equipment for the treatment of any wastewater. Joint production with the largest company in Europe for the production of local treatment facilities - SEBICO.

TOPOL ECO

Topas is one of the most recognizable stations in Russia. Production with. It has been produced for a long time and has its own history. Topas is a sealed system for biological treatment of sewage effluents.

Alta Bio

The Russian manufacturer offers an integrated approach to water treatment. For more than 10 years, it has been holding a leading position in the market.

Tver

The stations are producing relatively recently in comparison with all. But they have good reviews and design features from analogues.

UPONOR

Finnish septic tanks and autonomous sewerage systems. Known for their quality and competent design. Like all European septic tanks, they are made to be minimally included in the service of their customers.

UNILOS ASTRA

SBM-Group is the largest Russian manufacturer of UNILOS ® autonomous sewerage systems for various types of facilities.

EUROBION

In 2005, a group of companies "National Ecological Project" was created. Production in Russia of VOCs under the EUROBION and YUBAS trademarks.

TANK

VOC and septic tank appearance

Appearance sometimes in this version can tell a lot. How the station will feel depending on soil conditions.

LOS PRO from Dolphin (Delfin)

LOS TOPAS from TOPOL ECO

VOC from Alta Bio

VOC Tver

UPONOR

LOS UNILOS ASTRA

LOS EUROBION

TANK

Principle of operation

DELFIN PRO6 reliable autonomous sewerage PROCESS

Premium class is without interruptions, without decaying drains and unscheduled maintenance

1st Camera

Preliminary sedimentation tank

Processes: Accumulation of effluents, preliminary treatment and settling of effluents (sedimentation of a heavy fraction).

2nd Camera

Aerotank + MBBR Technology

Processes: Active purification of wastewater in the water column by aerobic bacteria through forced aeration.

3rd camera

Secondary settling tank

Processes: Secondary settling of treated effluents before being discharged from the station.

Deep biological cleaning process in autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO / LOS occurs by gravity through all 3 chambers (preliminary settling tank, aeration tank, secondary settling tank) without stopping the recirculation. This ensures reliable performance in the event of a power outage of the VOC. European Reliable Autonomous Sewerage PRO continues to work on the principle of a three-chamber septic tank.

• VOC No flooding
• Stable work of effluents
• No unscheduled maintenance

Topas and Principle of operation

Is a sewage treatment plant built according to a four-chamber scheme. The transfer of purified water from one chamber to another does not occur by gravity, but with the help of an airlift, therefore the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. The power outage blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant drawback, outweighing the very deep wastewater treatment (almost 98%). The compressor ensures the operation of the septic tank, therefore the installation requires connection to the power supply. Therefore, it is worth planning the installation of such a septic tank only where the electricity supply is stable. If the compressor stops, the station will not be able to function.

Receiving chamber

Wastewater flows into the receiving chamber. In contrast to the "classical installations" in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator for mixing the effluent and saturating it with atmospheric oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is switched on when the runoff level in it decreases to the operating minimum. Thanks to this, instead of sedimentation and decay of the sediment, the effluent in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and the purification processes begin - the decomposition of molecules of organic compounds occurs under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria. Coarse fraction filter The fine particles of contaminants mixed in the effluent, passed through a filter with 10 mm diameter cells, enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber. The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts the waste water through the pipe and pumps it to the aeration tank-reactor. The pumping is carried out evenly with a low capacity and, unlike other types of pumps, without high consumption of electricity and voltage surges caused by starting the pump. Float switch To switch Topas operating modes, a float switch is installed in the receiving chamber. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with waste water, the float rises and the first compressor is turned on. It supplies compressed air to:

When the drain level in the receiving chamber drops to the operating minimum, the float is lowered and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:

• aeration of the receiving chamber,
• airlift for pumping sludge from the aeration tank to the stabilizing sump,
• airlift to remove the grease film in the secondary clarifier,
• aeration in the secondary sedimentation tank.

Aeration tank reactor

The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment with activated sludge microorganisms takes place. Thanks to aeration, the waste stream is kept in suspension and saturated with atmospheric oxygen. In the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles are combined into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the effluent, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds - nitrates for respiration, reducing them to nitrites and then to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification takes place - removal of nitrates and nitrites.

Secondary settling tank

A chamber in the form of a truncated inverted pyramid and located in an aerotank-reactor. Sludge settles in the sump, which returns to the aeration tank through the opening at the bottom. Additionally, a mixture of water and sludge is fed from the aeration tank-reactor into the secondary settler from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This speeds up the process of sludge settling and water clarification. The film of light fractions (fats, oils) is stirred up by a bubbler in the upper layer of water and removed to the aerotank by an airlift built into the pyramid. Treated waste water is discharged outside by gravity through the outlet in the unit's casing or is collected in a forced discharge tank with a pump installed in it. The fastest settling sludge settles on the bottom of the aeration tank-reactor, which, in the settling phase in the aeration tank, is pumped by means of an airlift (8) into the sludge settling tank (G). This is the smallest chamber in which the accumulation and mineralization of sludge occurs. Through the existing opening in the upper part, the clarified sludge water flows back into the receiving chamber, thus closing the internal circulation process. A standard airlift pump for sludge pumping is installed in the stabilizer sump. This pump is muffled and the air supplied to it stirs up the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compaction at the bottom. As part of self-service, a standard pump is used to pump out sludge; in order to avoid sludge compaction in the stabilizer, pumping must be done once a quarter. It is possible to pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (fecal) pump for polluted water.

The principle of operation of the autonomous sewerage Alta Bio

At the heart of each autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a septic tank, which is designed to purify water from harmful impurities. It is where most organic waste decomposes. Today there are a large number of various autonomous sewers. The Alta Group company offers an improved design, which is a complete water purification system from waste.

Two stages of water purification in the autonomous sewage system Alta Bio:

The first stage of wastewater treatment is the sedimentation of suspended particles in a three-chamber sedimentation tank. The settling tank (the lower part of the Station) consists of 3 separate sections with overflows through which the wastewater from the domestic sewage system flows. Overflows are arranged so that wastewater flows at the lowest speed, due to which coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom in each chamber. The volume of the first section is 50%, and the second and third - 25% of the total volume of the settling tank. The total volume of the settling tank is designed for two-day waste processing.

Second stage of wastewater treatment

Post-treatment in a biofilter. From the third chamber of the settling tank, clarified wastewater is pumped to the upper part of the station by means of a drainage pump controlled by an electronic unit and through a rotating sprayer is evenly sprayed over the entire area of ​​the biofuel (biofilter). The filter is a habitat for microorganisms. At the moment of spraying, the waste water is saturated with oxygen and filtered through the feed material.

Autonomous sewerage for a private house Alta bio uses electricity in its work. However, even if it is turned off, the station will continue to operate normally, but already as a conventional septic tank. And when the power supply is resumed, the station will go into operation.

Brief description and scope of Alta Bio septic tank

The treatment plant in question is intended for use in private homes or public places with a small number of visitors. It can be used to equip the sewerage system in summer cottages, cottages or other types of suburban structures. Often, septic tanks are installed in country cafes, restaurants or snack bars.

The design and principle of operation of the septic tank Tver

The tank is delimited by internal partitions, which form the following chambers:

• septic. Wastewaters get here in the first place, and it is here that the main processes of settling of insoluble suspensions take place. Over time, some of them pass into the soluble phase and are sent to the next purification stage;
• anaerobic bioreactor. The next chamber on the route of sewage is an aeration tank. At the bottom of the aeration tank, an aerator is installed through which air is supplied from a compressor installed in the house through a pipeline. Burnt expanded clay is poured onto the aerator, which does not float. A biofilm of microorganisms is formed on the expanded clay loading, which, together with activated sludge, absorb and oxidize pollution. In this chamber, the components of the effluent are mechanically destroyed in the process of passing through the structural elements of the chamber (ruffs) and are partially hydrolyzed due to the vital activity of anaerobic microorganisms (yeast) - the process takes place here fermentation of effluents;
• aerotank. In this chamber there is an aerator, due to the work of which the wastewater is saturated with oxygen. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, which are always found in domestic wastewater as a natural microflora. The oxygenated liquid goes for further processing;
• sump. Before entering the aerobic bioreactor, the wastewater passes through the settling chamber, which retains heavy suspensions, which has a beneficial effect on the subsequent processes of biological decomposition of organic matter;
• aerobic bioreactor. In this chamber, two processes take place simultaneously: aerobic microbes actively multiply and absorb organic inclusions that make up the wastewater, and the limestone at the bottom of the section gradually dissolves in water and binds to phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are distinguished by high toxicity rates. In the aerobic bioreactor, as well as in the second chamber, there is a ruff loading. The biofilm layer on the feed collects and oxidizes organic impurities remaining after deep cleaning. At the bottom of the bioreactor, a layer of crushed dolomite is placed, which gradually dissolves in waste water, which helps to remove phosvates from it due to their binding with calcium and magnesium ions. The final chamber is a tertiary sedimentation tank, where dead biofilm is retained, then wastewater is drained by gravity to the discharge point.
• sedimentation tank. In this chamber, the liquid is additionally clarified by natural sedimentation of heavier inclusions, and only after that 95-98% purified water leaves the Tver septic tank. Additionally, floats with chlorine-containing reagents are installed in this chamber, which are responsible for water disinfection.

The septic tank has a small weight and rather thin walls, this cannot be attributed to pluses or minuses. These factors allow easy installation, and the thin walls are made of high quality polypropylene. Under the influence of heavy loads, they can bend, but not collapse.

FINNISH SEPTIC UPONOR (Uponor)

The WehoPuts local wastewater treatment plant is a biochemical wastewater treatment plant for use throughout the year as a wastewater treatment system.

A local treatment plant for a country house or summer cottage WehoPuts 5 and WehoPuts 10 are designed to treat wastewater from one household. The model number means the number of people living. For the calculation, a daily water consumption of at least 150 liters per person is used. Both systems are designed for year-round use.

The range of Finnish local treatment facilities (septic tanks) Uponor Bio is represented by products of complete biochemical treatment of domestic wastewater. Those. after passing through such installations, the liquid can be drained without subsequent soil cleaning. The stations are volatile, moreover, for their normal functioning, it is necessary to use special floating (precipitating) additives. The principle of operation of such stations is as follows:

• wastewater flows by gravity into the receiving chamber (sump), where the bulk of light and heavy inclusions are retained. There are several sedimentation tanks, which allows you to get rid of obvious contamination as completely as possible;
• then the effluents enter the technological tank equipped with an aerator, in which the potential of the activated sludge is used (microbiological processes are actively proceeding). Part of the sludge is periodically pumped out into the receiving chamber;
• at the next stage, a special reagent is dosed into the wastewater in portions, which promotes the precipitation of fine suspensions. He is also responsible for the binding of phosphorus compounds;
• after the entire cleaning cycle, the liquid can be discharged into the ground

Advantages of this system: wastewaters are processed in batches, which allows achieving the same treatment quality indicators; containers are strong and durable; the products are accompanied by all the necessary documents and are easy to operate. The disadvantages are the overpriced Uponor Bio septic tanks (compare, at least, with the cost of Tver or Topas septic tanks), the need to use additional reagents.

LOS Uponor BioClin is one of the innovative solutions from the Finnish manufacturer: compact, durable, easy to use, both in private houses and in summer cottages. Meets all sanitary requirements. Consists of a one-piece container in which the following processes take place:

• preliminary processes of rough wastewater treatment are taking place in the sump;
• in the next tank, the drains are aerated, inclusions are actively processed by aerobic microbes;
• then a floating reagent is added to the effluent (the process is the same as in Uponor Bio);
• excess activated sludge is pumped into the receiving chamber;
• treated wastewater is pumped into a sampling well

Astra Unilos. This is a well-known sewage treatment plant for cleaning the sewerage of a cottage, a private house or a whole group of houses. Given the relatively high cost of this model, consumers often discount the purchase of one powerful unit, which is mounted with the expectation of several families. Among the advantages: reliable operation, high cleaning efficiency. Among the disadvantages: relatively slow operation, high price. The body of the septic tank is divided into four sections: a receiving compartment, an aeration tank, a sedimentation section and a system for discharging treated water into the external environment. Pumps and ventilation systems are attached to the septic tank, which are required for transferring water from one section to another and for aerating wastewater.

Receiving chamber or surge tank

Untreated wastewater through the sewer main (1,2) enters the receiving chamber (A) of the installation, where they are prepared - crushing and partial oxidation due to aeration - forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen from the air generated during operation of the air installed in a special compartment (I) compressor. Then, uniformly mixed wastewater through a filter of coarse fractions, which does not allow large mechanical and non-decomposable impurities to pass further, is pumped by the main pump into the aeration tank chamber (B).

Aeration tank

It should be noted that all pumps that pump between chambers in Unilos are made according to the principle of an airlift (or mamut pump), where pumping is due to the supply of air into a tube lowered into the pumped liquid. consisting of different types of microorganisms, which in the process of life decompose the substances that make up wastewater. The condition for the formation of activated sludge is the aeration process in the aeration tank chamber, which occurs in the direct (first) phase of operation.

Secondary settling tank

After the aeration tank, a mixture of treated effluents and activated sludge enters the next chamber - a secondary clarifier (C), where the sludge settles to the bottom under the action of gravity, and clarified purified wastewater, which is technically pure water, enters the outlet of the station (3). Between the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary sedimentation tank, a grease trap (grease trap) is installed, which removes possible fat accumulations from the secondary sedimentation tank back to the aeration tank for further processing.

Sludge stabilizer

Sludge settled on the common bottom of the aeration tank and secondary clarifier chambers is pumped out into the sludge stabilizer (D), where it also settles to the bottom, gradually accumulating until it is removed. To maintain a high degree of purification, a level sensor (float switch) is installed in the receiving chamber, which regulates the switching of aeration modes in the aeration tank and the receiving chamber, depending on the level of effluents in the latter.

How Eurobion works

The operation of the Eurobion station is based on the biochemical method of wastewater treatment, which consists in the ability of microorganisms, in the presence or temporary absence of dissolved oxygen, to use wastewater pollutants as food. Below is the flow chart of the Eurobion deep biological treatment station.

Receiving aeration tank

The effluent flows through the inlet sewer pipe (1) into the receiving aeration tank (2) in which, with the help of the POLYATR aeration element (3) and the operation of the compressor (19), the process of saturation of wastewater with atmospheric oxygen takes place - aeration. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, the effluents are mixed with activated sludge - the biomass of microorganisms that process pollutants.

Primary aerobic sump

Partially treated wastewater passes through two openings in the intermediate bottom (4) and enters the upper zone of the primary aerobic clarifier (5). This zone is characterized by a high concentration of activated sludge and a minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Under these conditions, the denitrification process is intense, which is the destruction of nitric acid salts (nitrates) to molecular nitrogen. Further, the wastewater as it moves downward falls into the zone of aerobic sediment, where the processes of self-oxidation and decomposition of difficult-to-process contaminants take place. Part of the activated sludge through the overflow (6) enters the lower part of the secondary clarifier (10).

Secondary settling tank

The sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary clarifier and returns to the aeration zone with a recirculation pump (9), i.e. to the beginning of the technological chain. The process is repeated until the effect of deep biological cleaning is achieved. The biofilm that forms during the purification process in the secondary clarifier enters the biofilm degasser (14) and under the action of bubbling is destroyed in the vertical pipe of the degasser (11). Clarified effluents enter a tertiary settling tank installed directly in front of the AEROSLIV outlet dispenser (12), the task of which is to regulate the flow rate of the treated effluent to the outlet of the unit. Treated wastewater to the level of technically pure water is discharged by gravity through a pipe (13) outside the installation, or it enters the storage tank and is already pumped out from there by a drainage pump, in case of compulsory execution of the station.

AU BIOTANK

This series has established itself as absolutely unpretentious in operation and practically maintenance-free deep biological wastewater treatment plant. Does not require additional treatment in the ground. The advantages of this system: there are no additional treatment fields, no complicated electronics, no operational problems, quick access to the mode, not afraid of a temporary power outage, the output is clean, odorless water.

The most modern deep biological treatment plant BIOTANK, developed by Triton Plastic, is produced in four modifications.

Firstly, the separation of septic tanks is according to the shape of the body, vertical and horizontal... Vertical BIOTANK is intended for installation in small areas, because it requires a narrow but deep pit. Accordingly, the horizontal BIOTANK, consisting of universal buildings, which allows you to build a septic tank of any volume and capacity, is installed where there is no limitation on the area of ​​the pit.

Modifications are also provided for each of the two cases. with gravity discharge of water, and with forced reset to the relief using a pump. These series are marked as - MYSELF and NS.

For the manufacture of the case, a modern polymer material is used. Inside, a polypropylene insert made by molding is used to divide the container into compartments. The tasks of each of the compartments: The first one, as in other septic tanks, serves as a receiver and settler for separating undissolved inclusions. The second compartment is equipped with an aerobic nitrifier with a floating load covered with biofilm. In this compartment, the main cleaning process takes place, that is, the processes of oxidation of organic impurities and ammonium nitrogen. To ensure the flow of chemical reactions, air is supplied to the chamber. The next chamber serves as an additional sedimentation tank, in which the medium is separated, the water is freed from the residues that were formed during the cleaning process. The last compartment is a chamber with a biofilter, which functions as a separator. Pure water (98% purified) is supplied to the outlet.

ATTENTION THERE ARE SUCH AUTONOMOUS SEWERS in 2018

• Requiring an accurate calculation of station performance. There is a risk of a decrease in the degree of purification if there are more or less users, but not all autonomous sewerage systems are accurately calculated.
• In the event of a power outage, most stations, due to their design features, lose the ability to continue treatment and the degree of general wastewater treatment tends to 0%.
• The design of many autonomous sewerage systems requires frequent and periodic maintenance, repair and replacement of station components.
• A long break in the use of the station is not allowed if it is not equipped with automatic circulation of waste water and activated sludge.
• The dimensions of the receiving chambers in some autonomous sewers are not designed for large household waste. Also, a salvo discharge (drainage of the bath and the simultaneous use of the entire sewage system) can disrupt the processes in the preliminary sedimentation tank, which will lead to a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment. volume poorly copes with large household waste and with salvo discharge.
Alta BIO 7Tver 1 - PBiotank 6ASTRA 6Biozone Power consumption, kW / day0,32 0,90 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,44 1,44 3,00 Experience, years25 20 15 10 6 5 20 14 Warranty, years10 5 3 3 1 3 3 3 Service, in 1 year1 2 4 1 1 1 4 2 Work without electricityYesYesNoNoYesNoNoNo Susceptibility to chemicals, debris, food.NoNoYesYesYesYesYesYes MBBR cleaning technologiesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo The location of the controller insideNoNoYesYesNoYesYesYes Volley discharge, liters.660 500 250 270 250 250 280 260 Productivity in m3 / day1,36 1,1 1,15 1,4 1,0 1,00 1,20 1,50 Recirculation process (SNIP)YesNoNoNoNoNoNoNo Weight, kg220 210 200 200 165 130 210 220 Station shapehorizontal rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularhorizontal rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangularvertical rectangular Station performance in case of short-term power outagesIn the event of a power outage, the station begins to work as a conventional storage septic tank, which in no way affects the overall operation of the system as a whole.In the event of a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to an overflow of the station, and its breakdownIn the event of a power outage, the station begins to work as a conventional storage septic tank, which in no way affects the overall operation of the system as a whole.In the event of a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to an overflow of the station, and its breakdown
• Fully automatic plant control with alarm system → very low power consumption
• Simple and quick installation
• Only high-quality raw materials and components from American, Japanese and European manufacturers are the key to high-quality, reliable and safe operation of an autonomous sewage system. DELFIN for years to come.

Basic parameters when choosing

Since all residential stations are designed and built to handle wastewater treatment, we need the dry facts to make the best possible comparison and provide you with a winner. It won't be so easy, as each station has its own flavor. And how much it has a positive effect, we will tell you a little later. We compare the parameters, properties of deep biological treatment plants so that you get the result you expect. Facts and logic will be our guides in comparing all autonomous sewers. A high-quality septic tank or salmon with a big guarantee is a guarantee of quality and your peace of mind.

not susceptible to chemicals, hair and small debris

Strange as it may seem, there are also such stations at which there is a direct restriction on discharge into the autonomous sewerage system. It is clear that the station is not a trash can, but even so let's take into account how these problems were solved. In some, they are completely excluded in order to maximally compare with the central sewerage system, but in others, unfortunately, having constructive limitations, this problem has not been solved. Below is a short comparison and a description of how the problem was resolved.

location of the controller

The stable operation of electrical appliances depends on many environmental factors. Ambient temperature, sharp changes in it, humidity create a dew point, which can be critical. They affect the service life of electrical equipment, worsen their working conditions, cause accidents, damage and even destruction of the entire installation. The electrical properties of insulating materials are especially dependent on environmental conditions, without which no electrical device can do. Under the influence of climate and even weather changes, these materials can quickly and significantly change, and under critical circumstances, lose their electrical insulating properties. The influence of unfavorable environmental factors on electrical equipment must be taken into account in the design, installation and operation of electrical installations.

The energy consumption of an autonomous sewage system depends on

• Working hours
• Power of devices and equipment

guarantee

When buying a product or receiving any services, we always want to be sure that we will not be left alone with the purchased product. Care must be taken not to be mistaken in marketing moves, such as a service life of over 1000 years when the official warranty is only 1 year. Therefore, in this heading, we would like to simply rank the companies in descending order of the guarantee they can provide to their client. This is necessary: ​​to make repairs and replacement of parts free of charge. This parameter guarantees you peace of mind and reliability for many years, during which you can contact the seller in case of malfunction or loss of product quality, such as:

• breaking
• poor quality material
• defective parts, etc.

Regarding autonomous sewerage, some manufacturers offer pumps, 2 compressors, controllers, ruffs, etc. Others use the laws of physics and gravity.

Can't connect to the central sewerage system? You can solve the problem locally - install a septic tank. To simplify this task, we have prepared a review of 9 reliable septic tank manufacturers. Chances are good that other companies you come across are either copying the products of these 9 or counterfeiting.

We warn you! Hereinafter, by septic tanks, we mean any engineering structures intended for the collection or processing of wastewater, unless otherwise indicated. This includes VOC and SBO - local treatment facilities and biological treatment plants, respectively.

Instructions for the selection and installation of VOCs

Purpose of the article: tell about the most reliable companies that have been producing septic tanks and biological treatment plants for household waste for more than 10 years. Simplify the selection of the right equipment model based on the buyer's needs, site soil conditions and purchase budget.

Types of septic tanks

Before talking about sewage treatment plants, we will conduct a small educational program. Conventionally, all treatment facilities can be divided into 3 groups:

• storage tanks... It doesn't matter what they will be made of, their function is the same - to accumulate wastewater in itself before the arrival of the sewage truck. Relatively cheap, easy to install, maintenance-free. The use is limited by the useful volume of the tank, hence the need for economical use of water and linking to the services of sewers. It is inconvenient and expensive. They are used only when soil and other conditions do not allow the installation of structures from the following two groups;
• sedimentation tanks... Multi-section tanks that do not require electricity connection for settling waste water and their anaerobic treatment. Microbiological purification processes proceed slowly in an oxygen-depleted environment. The water at the outlet has a characteristic odor and is purified by a maximum of 60%, so it must be further purified. For this, fields or filtration wells are used: drains seep through the soil layer, after which they do not pose a threat to the environment. The sedimentation tanks are simple and affordable, but demanding to maintain. They must be periodically cleaned of the accumulated sediment, and the filtration field must be redone every 5 years. This solution is not suitable for a high groundwater table (GWL) and soil with poor flow capacity, for example, clay;
• aeration stations. The most advanced systems for the preparation of households. drains. In the process of settling, aeration and the use of microorganisms, the drains are cleared by more than 90%, have no odor, they can be drained into roadside ditches. However, such stations require connection to the mains, and their efficiency suffers during power outages. Plus, they are expensive and need qualified service.

We figured out the types of treatment facilities. It remains to take 5 steps to choose the one that suits your particular operating conditions.

5 steps to choosing a septic tank

Step 1. Choose your accommodation option
seasonal (in the country) Operating conditions: accommodation on weekends; family up to 4 people; water consumption up to 50 liters per person per day; the ability to call a sewage truck	Ideal for: sealed storage tanks; two- or three-section models with a filtration field
permanent (in a private house) Operating conditions: water consumption up to 100 liters per person per day; a ban on the use of aggressive detergents; the possibility of discharging treated effluents into the ground	Ideal for: local treatment plants with forced aeration of effluents; three or more sectional septic tanks with a total volume of more than 3X total water consumption per day.
Step 2. Select the type of soil on the site
clay Initial conditions: the soil does not absorb water well, after rain there is dirt on the site; the site is inclined, there is where to drain the treated wastewater; a flat plot of 20 acres and more, with a lawn and a garden, where you can distribute treated effluents as irrigation	Ideal for: biological treatment plant with compressor and pump; sealed storage tanks of suitable size
sand, sandy loam, loam Initial conditions: the soil absorbs water well, there are no puddles after rain; no wells within 50 m	Ideal for: septic tanks with a filtration field for discharging treated effluents into the ground; stations with connection to the mains and a full cycle of wastewater treatment
peat Initial conditions: swampy terrain, the soil does not absorb water well	Ideal for: storage tanks, if it is possible to call a sewer truck; biological treatment station, if the site is sloping and there is where to dispose of treated wastewater
Step 3. Select the depth of groundwater
above 1.5 Initial conditions: it is difficult to dispose of even well-treated wastewater - water does not leave; it is impossible to arrange a filtration field	Ideal for: storage tanks of the required volume.
below 1.5 Initial conditions: groundwater is below the freezing level - fewer problems during operation in winter; sand and loam will become an additional post-treatment filter for effluents	Ideal for: simple septic tanks and SBO, if it is possible to discharge wastewater into the ground or a ditch, as well as storage tanks - if it is economically feasible to call a sewer.
Step 4. Select a model for autonomy
non-volatile no need to connect to the mains; budget option at the price of a container of the same volume;	Ideal for: suburban area with a low level of groundwater and sandy soil for the device of an effective post-treatment system - filtration field.
volatile requires a permanent connection to the network; comparably high cost; complex device; high quality wastewater treatment - does not require additional treatment by a filtration field	Ideal for: permanent residence and the possibility of discharging treated wastewater onto the lawn or ditch.
Step 5. Select the number of permanent residents
up to 5 a large selection of models of any type; compact size of the container	Ideal for: junior models of septic tanks are affordable, easy to install.
to 10 the most complete processing of effluents is required	Ideal for: multisection tanks with filtration field and VOC.
up to 20 for a site with an area of ​​1 hectare or significantly distant from neighbors	Ideal for: volatile treatment plants with the ability to continuously discharge up to 4 cubic meters of treated wastewater per day - into the ground or ditch.

We hope this table helped you choose the right septic tank option. It remains to decide on the manufacturer. In the table below there are 9 companies and their brief characteristics. All the manufacturers we have reviewed offer solutions for both seasonal and permanent residence.

Septic tank manufacturers

Manufacturers of all types of septic tanks
, all types of septic tanks Bars	for any type of soil; for high and low GWL; performance of models in the range for 5-17 people; durable housing made of HDPE 25 mm thick; turnkey installation in 1 day; prompt delivery in Moscow, Moscow region, St. Petersburg, Yaroslavl, Irkutsk, Kaluga Ideal for: residents of the above cities, because Bars is a practical and economical option for waste disposal. You can choose the most suitable model for the specific working conditions of the septic tank.	Middle price segment: from 54 900 rub. for storage Bars-n2 with a capacity of 2000 liters; from 73 600 rub. for non-volatile Bars-Bio 5, designed for a family of up to 5 people; from 102800 for a vertical SBO with an aerator and a capacity for 5 people; from 129700 rub. for Bars-Ultra 5 for complete biological treatment of wastewater with the expectation of exploitation by a family of up to 5 people.
, Topas, TopBio, TopAero models	for any soil conditions; performance of models for 4-200 people; products made of polypropylene with a thickness of 8-20 mm; dealers in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Romania, Moldova, Bulgaria. Ideal for: permanently residing in a private house, provided that there are no power outages.	Middle price segment: from 89 900 rub. for the basic model of VOC Topas 4 for 4 persons; from 115 900 rub. for the non-volatile septic tank TopBio for 3-6 people; from RUB 218700 for biological treatment station TopAero 3 with a capacity for 15 people.
, models Cedar, Unilos Astra, etc.	for any type of soil; for any GWL; productivity for a family of 2-3 people to entire villages; made of polypropylene of various thicknesses: 8, 15, 20 mm; manufacturer's warehouses in Moscow Region, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk; delivery through a dealer network Ideal for: VOC devices in a residential home.	Middle price segment: from 62400 rub. for a septic tank Cedar for seasonal residence of 5 people. from 72,000 rubles. for Uni-Sep-1. It is a VOC resistant to intermittent power outages. For 5 people. from 89 500 rub. for Unilos Astra 5 - SBO, analogue of Topas for 5 people.
, models Microbe, Tank, Biotank	for any soil conditions; from HDPE with a thickness of 10-15 mm; manufacturer's warehouse in Mytishchi, Moscow region; deliveries across the Russian Federation through dealers Ideal for: budget purchases at the dacha, which is facilitated by frequent manufacturer discounts and the simplicity of the design of most models.	Budget price segment: from 16500 rub. for a 2-chamber settling tank Microbe-450 for seasonal use 1-3 people. from 42500 rub. for Biotank-3 itself. Modified sump with compressor. For a family up to 5 people. from RUB 50,500 for Tank-2. It is a cast horizontal tank with 3 chambers for settling wastewater.
, Termit and Ergobox models	for low and high groundwater level; for any type of soil; the performance of the models is designed for 3-12 people; HDPE products 20 mm thick; free delivery in Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as within a radius of 100 km from them; free delivery to Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Rostov, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Gryazovets, Danilov, Sergiev-Posad, Tikhvin, Sheksna Ideal for: residents of the above cities due to free shipping. For those looking for an alternative to Tank facilities.	Budget price segment: from 52 100 rub. for a non-volatile septic tank with 3 chambers Termit Profi 3.0, designed for a family of up to 6 people. from 73700 for a biological treatment station Ergobox 6 S for 6 people - a modified version of Termit Transformer.
, Eurolos models	for any ground level and type of soil; made of polypropylene with a thickness of 10 mm; productivity for 3-25000 people; warehouse in Moscow, sales across the Russian Federation through dealers Ideal for: those who need simple models of septic tanks for a summer residence at a low price.	Budget price segment: from 26,000 for a 2-chamber sedimentation tank Evrolos Good luck for a family of 2-3 people with economical water consumption. from 43,000 rubles. for a 3-chamber non-volatile septic tank for 5 people with a ruff load in the second chamber. from RUB 71,000 for VOC Eurolos Bio 5 for 5 people. Full cycle vertical biological treatment plant.
Non-volatile septic tank manufacturers
, Rostock models	for low GWL; for highly absorbent soil; performance is designed for 3-6 people; from HDPE 12 mm thick; warehouse in Mytishchi, Moscow region; delivery across the Russian Federation through a dealer network Ideal for: devices of inexpensive autonomous sewerage in the country.	Budget price segment: from 33800 rub. for the Rostok Dachny sedimentation tank for 2-3 people. from 49800 rub. for Rostock Zagorodny for 4-5 people. from 58800 rub. per Rostock Cottage for 5-6 people.
Local treatment plant manufacturers
, models Eurobion, Yubas	for any soil conditions; complex automation system; productivity for 4-100 people; made of polypropylene 10 mm; developed dealer network in the Russian Federation Ideal for: permanent residence, when the maximum degree of wastewater treatment is needed, even with significant volley discharges.	Premium price segment: from 85,000 for Eurobion-5 ART, an analogue of the new generation Topas 5 for a family of 5 people with continuous operation of the sewage system. from RUB 138,000 for Yubas 5 - VOCs with more advanced automation, due to which the percentage of wastewater treatment is increased.
, Tver models	for any soil conditions; made of polypropylene 5 mm thick; productivity is enough for 2-1000 people; delivery in Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as through dealers Ideal for: large areas for permanent residence, because hatches provide free access to all parts of the installation and take up a lot of space.	Middle price segment: from RUB 103,800 for biological treatment station Tver 1P for use by 4-6 people.

1. "Aqua Hold" - septic tanks Bars

at a price of 54 900 rubles.

2. "Topol-EKO" - treatment facilities Topas

at a price of 89 900 rubles.

Topol-EKO is engaged in the development and production of autonomous aeration-type treatment plants. The company was founded in 2002, the plant is located in the Moscow region, Lobnya.

The manufacturer's catalog contains both individual treatment plants for private houses, and complex and specialized solutions - for a group of houses, villages and enterprises. There are also other plastic products: cellars, decorative stones, contact tanks, electroplating baths, etc.

The company produces VOCs, which are in 3 large groups:

• For private houses. Topbio - non-volatile septic tanks for installation in sandy soils. Topas and Topas-S are stations with two or one compressor, respectively. Topaero - treatment facilities with protection against increased volley discharge of wastewater.
• For businesses and villages. Topglobal is a complex of equipment with containers made of reinforced concrete for cleaning households. and industrial effluents. Topaero-M is a collection of VOCs with increased total productivity for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Topaero-M / E is an analogue of the previous version for any type of wastewater.
• Specialized stations. Toplos-FL - for cleaning waste water from organic matter. Cyclone is a system for post-treatment of household waste water. Toplos-KM is a container-type VOC for households. drains. Toppolium is a fat separator from catering establishments. Toprain - storm water treatment plant.

The presented equipment covers a wide range of performance. The youngest models are designed for 4 people, the oldest - up to 200. The use of active forced aeration guarantees the purification of domestic wastewater by 98%. Therefore, the company positions its SBO as a wastewater treatment plant that does not require a call for a sewer truck.

In most cases, polypropylene sheets with a thickness of 8 to 20 mm are used as the main material. The rigidity of the structure is achieved by using internal partitions and lattice structures as stiffeners.

Characteristics of popular septic tanks from Topol-Eco

Model*	Topas 4	Topbio	Topaero 3
Operating conditions	For permanent use by a family of up to 4 people on a site with any ground level and type of soil.	For permanent or seasonal use by a family of 3-6 people on a site with sandy soil and low GWL.	Permanent use for a large family and guests - up to 15 people in total. Any ground conditions.
Short description	System with two compressors for effluent aeration and deep biological treatment. The effluent can be dumped into the ground or ditch.	Vertical 5-chamber non-volatile septic tank for which a filtration field is required.	Aeration system designed for salvo discharge of effluents up to 1 m3. Wastewater with a purification of up to 98% is odorless and can be dumped into a ditch.
Material	Polypropylene 12.5 mm for external walls, internal dividers 8 mm thick.
Size, L × W × H, mm	950 × 970 × 2500	1600 × 1200 × 3000	2400 × 1200 × 2500
Electricity consumption, W / h	42-63	—	208
Weight, kg	215	400	605
price, rub.	89900	115900	218700

* you can choose a modification with a built-in pump for forced pumping of treated wastewater. Larger performance models are available with an extended neck for recessed installation of the station when it is far from home, as well as reinforced versions for difficult soils.

Output: The main part of Topol-Eco products, which can be used in a private house or in a summer cottage, are energy-dependent biological treatment plants. They are made according to the most advanced technology to date, which is why they are more expensive than conventional septic tanks with a filtration field. But it should also be borne in mind that such equipment requires qualified maintenance, does not tolerate prolonged power outages and is designed for constant use.

3. "SBM-Group" - Unilos treatment facilities

at a price of 59,000 rubles.

The SBM-Group company produces Unilos stations, storm sewers, sewage pumping stations, plastic containers, fat separators. The plant has been operating since 2006 in the Moscow region, there is a production in St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, in 2015 a plant was opened in Kazakhstan.

Production technologies and assortment

The main focus is on autonomous sewage systems made of polypropylene, fiberglass and concrete. The stations are designed for cleaning households. and storm sewage. The performance of septic tanks, depending on the model chosen, can range from 0.6 to 10,000 cubic meters per day.

Septic tanks are represented by three product lines:

• Unilos biological treatment plants. This includes models of the Astra series and modification with a service platform - Scarab, large-capacity systems for villages - Mega, container-type kits for shift camps - Container.
• Small capacity septic tanks for summer cottages. The line includes aeration stations of the Uni-Sep series of hybrid type, a four-chamber non-volatile wastewater purifier Kedr and a three-chamber one - Unilos-OS.
• Storage tanks. Tanks made of polypropylene and fiberglass reinforced plastic with sewage pumping out by a sewage machine.

Characteristics of popular septic tanks from "SBM-Group"

Model	Unilos Astra 5 *	Uni-Sep-1	Cedar
Operating conditions	For a family of up to 5 people on a plot with any soil conditions.	For permanent or seasonal residence of 5 people in conditions of periodic power outages. For any soil.
Short description	Vertical station for deep biological treatment households. drains with gravity or forced drainage. Treated wastewater is discharged into a ditch or soil.	Horizontal VOC with 2 service hatches and 6 chambers for anaerobic and aerobic wastewater treatment. Discharge of treated water into a ditch or filter well.	Vertical non-volatile septic tank with 4 chambers for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Required filtering field device.
Material	Polypropylene. The side walls are 15 mm thick, the bottom is 20 mm.	Polypropylene 8 mm thick.
Size, L × W × H or D × L, mm	1030 × 1120 × 2000	1020 × 2000	1400 × 3000
Electricity consumption, W / h	60	71	—
Weight, kg	220	130	150
price, rub.	89500	72000	62400

* this is standard equipment. There are Midi modifications with built-in SPS, post-treatment and / or disinfection unit, as well as Long - with the same options, only a higher height.

Unilos Astra 5 is the most popular model among those who live in a private house all year round. The video below tells about the design of such a station and describes in detail the principle of its operation.

Conclusions: from the SBM-Group company under the Unilos brand you can pick up the Astra aeration system, which is very similar in design to the Topas from Topol-Eco. The choice among non-volatile septic tanks is limited to one model, but you can choose a storage tank of the required volume. Those. the manufacturer is more focused on consumers who permanently live in their own home.

4. "Elite Stroy Invest" - septic tanks Tank

at a price of 34 900 rubles.

The company "Elite Stroy Invest" (in the past - "Triton Plastic") specializes in the production of plastic septic tanks, containers for water and fuel, caissons, swimming pools and various goods for summer cottages. The plant is located in the Moscow region, Mytishchi. Has been working since 2007. Delivery is possible throughout the country through a dealer network.

Production technologies and assortment

The catalog includes products for three types of drainage devices:

• storage tanks. This includes containers made of Triton-N polyethylene with a volume of 1 to 3.5 m3;
• septic tank and. This includes the Microbe model (3-12 people) - a 2-chamber model for a summer residence, as well as Triton-T (2-10 people), Tank and Tank Universal (1-25 people). These are 3-chamber tanks with the possibility of increasing the stages of wastewater treatment by adding additional blocks;
• biological purification systems. Volatile VOCs Biotank (4-10 people) and Eurobion (4-150 people) from HDPE and polypropylene, respectively.

The main material for the manufacture of containers is HDPE. Material thickness ranges from 10 to 15 mm, depending on model and location. For example, it is higher for stiffeners, and less for straight lines or areas of small curvature.

The video below clearly demonstrates the production of models from the HDPE Tank line. The plant is equipped with modern equipment, plastic sheets are supplied from Russian, Czech and German manufacturers.

Characteristics of popular septic tanks from "Elite Stroy Invest"

Model	Tank-2	Microbe-450	Biotank-3 itself *
Operating conditions	For a family of 3-4 people with constant or seasonal use. Works at low ground level, soil - sand, sandy loam, loam.	Seasonal model. Operation by 1-3 people in economy mode. For low GWL and filtering soil.	Seasonal accommodation for up to 5 people. Low GWL, sandy or loamy soil.
Short description	Cast horizontal 3-chamber sump with developed stiffeners. Can be equipped with an infiltrator ** (analogue of the filtration field). Compulsory soil purification of effluents.	Compact vertical septic tank with 2 chambers. Provides minimal cleaning of heavy and light fractions. It is necessary to arrange the filtration field. You can additionally purchase an infiltrator.	Vertical 4-chamber septic tank with aeration section. Installed 1 compressor and simple automation. The degree of wastewater treatment is 95-98%, after the station they can be discharged into a roadside ditch.
Material	HDPE 10-15 mm thick	HDPE 10 mm thick
Size, L × W × H or D × L, mm	1800 × 1200 × 1700	810 × 1430	1020 × 2120
Electricity consumption, W / h	—	—	60
Weight, kg	130	35	100
price, rub.	50500	16500	42500

* This is a model with gravity drainage of treated effluents. There is a modification with an installed pump for forced discharge. There is also a horizontal model.

** The infiltrator looks like an inverted plastic bathtub, it serves as the border of the treated wastewater filtration area.

Conclusions: although this manufacturer has different types of models, it is better known for its sedimentation tanks. The Tank series line is ideal for summer cottages and, in certain cases, can be used for permanent residence. In production, HDPE with a thickness of 10-15 mm is used, which is not always enough to ensure the rigidity of the structure when installed in complex soils.

5. "Multplast" - septic tanks Termit

at a price of 25,000 rubles.

The company "Multplast" specializes in the production of products from polyethylene and fiberglass: septic tanks, caissons, wells, etc. This manufacturer is known for the Termit and Ergobox product lines. The plant has been operating since 2004 and is located in the Vologda region, Cherepovets. The company has its own warehouses in Moscow, St. Petersburg, as well as in the Krasnodar Territory. They carry out delivery throughout the Russian Federation thanks to a developed dealer network.

Production technologies and assortment

The equipment is represented by 2 main product lines:

• sedimentation tanks. Produced under the Termit brand. Includes several modifications: Profi - 2- and 3-chamber septic tanks for summer cottages with low GWL; Transformer - the same as the Pro, but with one neck (more rigid construction); Transformer PR - modification with a pump for forced pumping of treated wastewater at high GWL. There are also accumulative models with a capacity of up to 5.5 cubic meters;
• biological treatment stations. Produced under the Ergobox brand. They are modifications of the Transformer (PR) models in which the compressor and aerators are installed.

All these products are made by rotational molding from Korean-made HDPE. The result is a strong seamless construction with well-developed stiffening ribs. The wall thickness is 20 mm.

Characteristics of popular septic tanks from "Multplast"

Model	Termite Profi 3.0	Ergobox 6 S *
Operating conditions	For a family of up to 6 people with a low GWL, when the soil is sand, sandy loam, loam.	For a family of up to 6 people with a low GWL, because the gravity version. The type of soil does not matter.
Short description	3-chamber horizontal sedimentation tank for primary treatment under anaerobic conditions. It is obligatory to arrange a filtration field for additional treatment of effluents.	Horizontal 3-chamber VOC with Japanese compressor and German pump. Discharge of treated effluents into a ditch, onto the relief, into the ground.
Material	HDPE 20 mm thick
Size, L × W × H or D × L, mm	2300 × 1155 × 1905	2000 × 1000 × 2100
Electricity consumption, W / h	—	63
Weight, kg	165	137
price, rub.	52100	73700

* S - gravity. There is a PR modification with a pump for forced pumping of treated effluents. It costs 6 thousand rubles. more expensive than the gravity version.

Video demonstrating the installation process of the septic tank Termit. From a small video, you will also learn about what diameter the supply pipe should be, whether it can have 90-degree turns, how and where to drain the treated wastewater, etc.

Conclusions: it is easy to notice the similarity of the products from "Multplast" with the products of the Tank type. All the same pronounced stiffening ribs and a simple design. Versions with a compressor may be of particular interest - a simple modification gives the design special properties. However, it should be borne in mind that a small number of chambers can lead to a low quality of wastewater treatment and, as a consequence, the need for a field or filtration well for additional treatment.

6. "Eurolos" - cleaning systems Eurolos

at a price of 26,000 rubles.

The company "Evrolos" is relatively young, the plant has been operating in the Moscow region since 2015. It gained considerable popularity thanks to the production of high-quality plastic products: wastewater treatment systems, caissons, grease traps. Deliveries from the manufacturer are carried out from a warehouse in Moscow, throughout the country - through a developed dealer network.

Production technologies and assortment

Treatment equipment is represented by 2 lines:

• for individual use. This is EuroLos Udacha - a compact septic tank for seasonal use in the country; Evrolos Eco - 3-chamber sedimentation tank; Eurolos Bio - LOS with pump and ejector; Evrolos Pro - aeration SBO. They are designed for a family of 3 to 20 people;
• for collective use. This is Eurolos Kontus - a modular wastewater treatment system. Productivity from 20 to 4000 cubic meters per day.

All containers are made of polypropylene sheet with a thickness of 8-10 mm. In the Bio model, oxygen is supplied not by a compressor, but by a pump + ejector bundle. How it works is clearly shown in the video below.

We also recommend that you look at the full overview of this cleaning station, which explains how the system works and the role of each of the nodes. We focus on the Bio model, because it is the most popular among EuroLos buyers.

Characteristics of popular septic tanks from "Evrolos"

Model	Luck	Eco 1	Bio 5
Operating conditions	For a family of 2-3 people with seasonal living and economical use of water. GWL is low, the soil is sandy loam or sand.	For a family of 5 with constant or seasonal use. GWL is low, good filtration capacity of the soil.	For 5 people with permanent or seasonal residence. Any ground conditions.
Short description	Compact 2-chamber sump. Does not require digging a deep pit. The device of the filtering field is obligatory. It is also recommended to use bacteria.	Horizontal 3-chamber clarifier with a ruff loading for breeding colonies of anaerobic bacteria. Arrangement of additional soil purification is required.	Vertical VOC from 3 chambers and a biofilter with sewage circulation along the entire circuit. Aeration due to ejector and gushing. Does not require additional soil treatment - wastewater can be discharged onto the terrain or into a ditch.
Material	Sheet polypropylene with a thickness of 8-10 mm
Size, L × W × H or D × L, mm	1500 × 1500 × 800	1000 × 2000	1400 × 2000
Electricity consumption, W / h	—	—	88
Weight, kg	69	84	165
price, rub.	26000	43000	71000

The set does not include accompanying structures for the arrangement of the treated wastewater discharge system. The infiltrator will cost an additional 5,600 rubles, a well - from 21,000 rubles, submersible drainage pumps - from 2,900 rubles.

Conclusions: in the assortment of the company "Evrolos" you will find solutions for the device of a local treatment plant for seasonal and permanent residence of different productivity and the degree of preparation of effluents for discharge into the external environment. It should be noted the affordable cost of the basic set of equipment, however, due to the small thickness of the walls of the tanks, we do not recommend the installation of such systems in difficult soils, where there is a possibility of crushing the structure.

7. "Ecoprom" - septic tanks Rostok

at a price of 26 800 rubles.

The Ecoprom company has been producing goods from recycled polyethylene since 2008. The assortment includes tanks for water, fuels and lubricants, septic tanks, grease traps, tanks for shower cabins, etc. Today, there are 3 factories in the Moscow and Leningrad regions.

Production technologies and assortment

2 product lines are designed for local sewerage devices:

• drives... Sealed Rostok U tanks with a volume of 1250 to 3000 liters.
• sedimentation tanks. These are 2-chamber septic tanks Rostock Mini, Dachny, Zagorodny, Cottage. With a volume of 1000 to 3000 liters - this is enough for operation by a family of 2-6 people.

All containers are made from recycled materials, which determines their competitive cost. Reservoirs are made of HDPE by rotational molding. In this case, the wall thickness is 10-12 mm.

Watch a 2-minute video, which clearly shows the device of the Rostok Dachny septic tank and describes the role of each element of the purification system.

Characteristics of popular septic tanks from Ecoprom

Model	Rostock Dachny	Rostock Zagorodny	Rostock Cottage
Operating conditions	For 2-3 people.	For 4-5 people.	For 5-6 people.
	Seasonal living, low GWL, soil - sand, sandy loam.
Short description	2-chamber horizontal sedimentation tank with developed stiffeners. The device of the filtering field is obligatory. Volley discharge and the use of aggressive chemicals are unacceptable.
Material	HDPE 10-12 mm thick
Size, L × W × H or D × L, mm	1680 × 1115 × 1840	2220 × 1305 × 2000	2360 × 1440 × 2085
Electricity consumption, W / h	—	—	—
Weight, kg	85	125	160
price, rub.	33800	49800	58800

The price does not include the infiltrator for the device of the filtration field. This is about 7,000 rubles more. a piece.

Output: Are you looking for the simplest settling tanks for summer cottages and their main quality for you - strength, tightness and affordable cost? Then it is worth considering buying a septic tank from Ecoprom. Especially when it comes to a summer residence, and the site is located somewhere on the outskirts of the partnership. Because the quality of pre-cleaning, due to the presence of only two chambers, leaves much to be desired.

8. "NEP-Center" - cleaning systems Eurobion

at a price of 84,000 rubles.

GK "NEP-Center" has been specializing in the production of local treatment facilities for low-rise buildings since 1998. The plant is located in the Moscow region, Kubinka. The enterprise has a powerful scientific and technical base for developments in the field of sewage and drinking water treatment. Delivery across the Russian Federation through a dealer network.

Production technologies and assortment

All systems are equipped with active aeration of effluents and are divided into a general group - aeroseptics. Depending on the model, they are able to meet the needs of 4 to 100 people. According to the engineer-inventor of the company, Bobylev Yu.O., the products of NEP-Center are the result of the evolution of the LOS Topas line.

Characteristics of popular septic tanks from "NEP-Center"

Model	Eurobion-5 ART	Yubas 5
Operating conditions	VOC for permanent use by a family of 5 people. Any ground conditions.
Short description	4-section vertical installation with a large receiving chamber capable of carrying a salvo discharge up to 390 liters. Differs in economical energy consumption. Treated wastewater can be discharged onto the terrain.	Vertical station with deeper cleaning. Capable of receiving salvo discharge up to 700 liters. Consumes more electricity. It has a complex automation system, which complicates the repair. The effluent after the system is discharged onto the relief.
Material	Sheet polypropylene 10 mm thick
Size, L × W × H or D × L, mm	1080 × 1080 × 2380
Electricity consumption, W / h	39	60
Weight, kg	125	270
price, rub.	85000	138000

Plant maintenance is an important stage in the operation of the system. From the video below, you will learn not only how to service the Eurobion 5 VOC, but also how the station is cleaned and what role is assigned to each of its components.

Conclusions: treatment facilities from "NEP-Center" have a well-thought-out design in terms of the efficiency of wastewater treatment, but their maintenance requires highly qualified workers. Such systems are excellent for continuous operation, but at the same time their cost is higher than analogs.

9. TD "Engineering Equipment" - septic tanks Tver

at a price of 67 900 rubles.

The company TD "Engineering Equipment" has been operating since 1992 and specializes in scientific research, production, construction and installation of equipment for the treatment and pumping of wastewater. The range of the company LOS Tver, facilities for the treatment of storm water Svir, grease traps, sewage treatment plants for car washes, regions of the North. Production is carried out at 4 plants in the Russian Federation.

Production technologies and assortment

• for private houses. Biological treatment stations made of polypropylene of the Tver-P line are designed for 2-36 users, depending on the performance of the system;
• for residential complexes. Purification equipment in a metal or polymer building of high productivity for 30-1500 people.
• for shift camps. Container version Tver-S for 6-1000 people;
• in a block-modular design. Modular structures Tver-BM with flexible adjustment of the waste flow rate by varying the number of connected units;
• for solid waste landfills. Specialized stations Tver-MSW in container design for deep wastewater treatment of solid waste landfills.

All models of Tver treatment systems are volatile units for seasonal or permanent residence. Polypropylene with a thickness of 5 mm is used as the material for the walls of the containers. The rigidity of the structure is provided by stiffeners and internal partitions.

* There are 7 more modifications of this station, for example, the model with the PN index has a pumping compartment with a submersible pump for forced supply of treated effluents.

The video below provides detailed information on the installation of a septic tank Tver-0.75 PN. A company representative at a real facility explains the structure of the system and the role of each of its elements. Maintenance of the station is described in detail. If you are thinking about buying this model - be sure to look!

Conclusions: TD "Engineering Equipment" does not offer a large selection of systems for country houses. The guys just developed a model that works well and scaled it up. The result is not the most compact water treatment plant at an average price. The main thing is to make it work, isn't it?

Editor's Choice

All the manufacturers presented are good, but we especially want to highlight the following:

• "Aqua Hold". For septic tanks Leopard: a large selection of models of different types, the robust body of which is made of HDPE 25 mm thick. You can choose a treatment plant for any conditions. There are solutions for summer cottages, for permanent residence, for low and high ground level, various types of soil. The prices for the products are average for the market.
The only question is, to what extent their capabilities are implemented in a particular design of a septic tank. For example, there may be a container made of polypropylene, in which the seams are poorly welded, respectively, it will leak after some time.

The rigidity of the structure is influenced by the thickness of the material and the presence of structural elements: stiffeners and internal partitions. Therefore, if the design is unsuccessful or simply does not fit the specific operating conditions, the septic tank can flatten or break with soil. But the point is not in the quality of the material from which it is made, but in the structure itself.

I cannot decide on the choice between a non-volatile septic tank and a biological treatment station with aerators. What's better?

If for a summer residence, choose a non-volatile sump, provided that the groundwater level is below 1.5 meters, and the soil itself has good filtering capabilities. For example, it is sand or sandy loam. Once a season, you will have to do dirty work and remove accumulated sludge from the bottom of the tank, but in general, such a solution is the most economically feasible and convenient for seasonal living.

For private houses, it is better to buy a system that ensures the maximum purity of effluent at the outlet of the treatment plant. You can't do without a station with aerators. From the pros: the drains after it do not smell, they are so clean that they can be drained into roadside ditches. However, such a solution is more expensive, and automation and compressors require an electrical connection.

Summer cottage next to the forest, seasonal accommodation, four people. Advise a septic tank.

If you need cheaper and easier, then consider the Termit Profi 2.0 option. It is very similar to the well-known Tank, but it costs only 39,000 rubles. Also, the manufacturer often has promotions - you can save several thousand.

The filtration field can be set up next to the forest. There you will dispose of wastewater for additional treatment. So you will bring a minimum of inconvenience to yourself and your neighbors.

At the summer cottage there is a well, from where the water is used for food purposes. Which septic tank to choose?

Obviously, a treatment station is required here, after which the effluent can be discharged into a roadside ditch. If there is no ditch, it can be lowered into the ground, provided that the discharge point should be 50 m from the well.

If the soil does not accept water, then in some cases it makes sense to think about installing a storage tank with the subsequent call of sewers.

Will the drains freeze in winter? Do I need to insulate a septic tank?

If used constantly, they will definitely not freeze - a kind of bioreactor constantly works inside, generating heat. In extreme cases, you can insulate it by sprinkling a layer of straw or leaves on top.

For seasonal use, it is recommended to fill the container 2/3 with drains, additionally insulating it from above. So the container will not float up and will not be crushed by the frozen soil. We recommend that you additionally read the instructions for a particular model, the manufacturer may have a different opinion on this matter.

What will happen to a volatile water treatment plant if the electricity is cut off?

Typically such systems are very sensitive to power outages. The air compressor stops working, and after 6 hours the amount of oxygen in the effluent is significantly reduced. A struggle begins between aerobes and anaerobes. The drains can begin to ferment due to anaerobes, therefore, after turning on the electricity, the return to normal operation occurs within several days.

Is there a strong odor from the septic tank?

After an ordinary sump there is a strong characteristic sewer odor. It can even be felt next to the filtration field, so they are equipped in the most distant place.

After systems with aeration, the water is cleaner and odorless. Unless the operating mode of the station will be violated: exceeding the permissible peak discharge, power outages, the use of aggressive detergents.

Installed a septic tank with a filtration field without connecting to the power supply. How to serve it?

Every six months it is necessary to open the container and check the amount of sediment. If it is more than 1/5 of the height of the container, you will have to remove it. Use a bucket or fecal pump for this purpose.

Light fractions will accumulate on the surface of the effluent. If they form a thick solid layer with a thickness of more than 5 cm, it is also better to remove it in a timely manner, because later it can significantly complicate the cleaning of the tank.

Living in a dacha allows you not only to take a break from the bustle of the city, but also to enjoy nature, clean air, and find peace. But so that nothing interferes with a good rest, you have to take care of the arrangement of the benefits of civilization - water supply, electricity and sewerage, right?

Are you trying to figure out how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence, so as not to overpay and not miscalculate? We will help you in this matter - our article discusses the types of septic tanks, their structural and functional differences. Indeed, in order to choose the optimal utilizer, it is advisable to get acquainted with the existing options.

Sewer equipment manufacturers offer a variety of options designed to facilitate suburban life.

Among the equipment options there are both simple and inexpensive models, and rather complex biological wastewater treatment plants.

It is rather difficult to choose one thing, especially if the owner of the cottage is faced with this issue for the first time.

Image gallery

Any private house needs a sewerage system, however, it is not always possible to connect to a central sewerage collector. Therefore, the only way out is to build or install a septic tank (treatment plant), which decomposes sewage and fecal matter into almost pure water and harmless sludge. In this article, we will talk about the principles of operation of various treatment plants, give a rating of the most popular and effective models, and also tell you how to determine the best septic tank for your home or summer cottage. We offer our 2017 ranking.

The principle of operation of a modern septic tank

All modern septic tanks work according to the same principle - bacteria multiply in the primary chamber, which process any organic matter into sludge that settles to the bottom. This process takes place with a minimum amount of oxygen, just like in a swamp, where any organic matter quickly decomposes. Partially purified water enters the second chamber, where the whole process is repeated, but with a large amount of oxygen. Then the water enters the third chamber, where the final purification takes place - the last residues of organic matter turn into silt and settle to the bottom, and industrial water comes out of the chamber, suitable for watering a vegetable garden or dumping into a river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.

Sometimes septic tanks are equipped with various devices that increase the cleaning efficiency, for example, aerators that fill the contents of the chamber with air bubbles, thereby sharply activating the decay processes. Also, some of the septic tanks are equipped with a pump that supplies purified water upstairs, thanks to which it is used for watering the garden.

Main characteristics

Here is a list of the main characteristics of septic tanks that must be considered when choosing them:

• productivity per day;
• salvo discharge;
• sizes;
• price;
• power supply.

Productivity shows how much waste water a septic tank can process per day. Drainage refers to any liquid that leaves your home's sewer system, including draining your washing machine or water from your bathroom. It is generally accepted that a person consumes an average of 200 liters of water per day, therefore, the performance of a septic tank is determined based on the standard and the maximum number of residents. However, in summer cottages, where the water supply is not very good, the consumption is much lower, up to 10-15 liters per person.

The term volley discharge means the maximum amount of water that can enter the sewer after some action, for example, draining from a bathtub or washing machine. If the actual salvo discharge exceeds that provided for by the design of the septic tank, then part of the poorly treated sewage effluent will escape.

Another important parameter is size, because the septic tank has to be placed underground and the larger it is, the greater the amount of land work. How much effort is required for its delivery and installation depends on the weight of the unit. Lightweight plastic models can even be brought into the roof rack of a car and loaded / unloaded by two people. Delivery of heavy models will require a truck with a loader crane, while installation may require a full crane.

Cost is often the deciding factor, so you often have to choose the best from the worst. Another important characteristic is power supply, because the efficiency of the operation of volatile units is almost half as high. Non-volatile devices, even those consisting of three chambers, cannot completely remove odor from the water, so it must be drained into a drainage pit or drainage fields. In addition, every 15–20 years, sand or crushed stone from these fields must be completely replaced, because it is all saturated with an unpleasant-smelling silt. If you do not change the sand or crushed stone, then within a radius of 20–40 meters from the drainage pit or drainage fields, you will feel a faint smell of sewage.

List of the best 2017 with prices

Since the efficiency of the treatment plant directly depends on its type and partially on the model, we divided all units into volatile and non-volatile. After all, both of them find their customers and it is incorrect to compare their characteristics. Therefore, the comparison will be only within its own class. In addition, not all devices include models with a large salvo discharge or high productivity, so all small treatment plants are also brought into a separate class.

Volatile

• Tver;
• Leader;
• Topas.

Tver- this is a whole range of devices that differ in size and performance, but inside are arranged the same. They consist of six horizontal chambers connected by overflow holes. Several chambers are equipped with plastic ruffs that break large organic fragments into small pieces and facilitate their decomposition. The efficiency of water purification is 95–98%; replaceable floats with chlorine reagents are installed in the last chamber, which disinfect the water at the outlet. The body is made of durable polymers (polypropylene), therefore it is lightweight and extremely durable.

The smallest unit Tver-0.35 has a capacity of 0.35 cubic meters per day and is able to withstand a salvo discharge of 110 liters of water. On the official website of the manufacturer, the cost of a septic tank Tver of this model is 65 thousand rubles... Such a septic tank is ideal for giving due to its low price and size. The more efficient model Tver-0.75NPNM provides a capacity of 0.75 cubic meters per day, and also withstands a salvo discharge of 225 liters of water. This model is equipped with two pumps, one of which supplies purified water to the discharge point, and the other provides the supply of sewage, so this device can work, even being above the level of the domestic sewage system. The price of this model 120 thousand rubles and, it is well suited for a small home. In the line of treatment plants Tver there are more powerful devices, the capacity of which reaches 3 cubic meters per day, and the salvo discharge is 1800 liters. The cost of such a powerful unit 350 thousand rubles and, it is well suited for multi-family cottages or small dormitories with up to 30 people.

Leader Is a family of sewage treatment plants, made according to a six-chamber scheme and differing in size, price and performance. Plastic brushes, located in two chambers, grind coarse organic matter, improving its decomposition, and the airlift collects sediment from all chambers and pumps it into a receiver, from where the sludge must be removed every year. The body is made of low pressure polyethylene, therefore it is lightweight and has good strength. The cost of the smallest septic tank Leader (model 0.4) on the official website is 76 thousand rubles... This device provides a capacity of up to 0.5 cubic meters per day and is capable of withstanding a salvo discharge of 400 liters. Therefore, the Leader-0.4 treatment system is well suited for summer cottages and small houses where no more than two people live. The largest and most productive model Leader-3N costs 200 thousand rubles and provides a capacity of up to 3 cubic meters per day, and the salvo discharge reaches 3 thousand liters of water. By special order, the Leader company can manufacture more powerful septic tanks of this type.

Topas Is a sewage treatment plant built according to a four-chamber scheme. The transfer of purified water from one chamber to another does not occur by gravity, but with the help of an airlift, therefore the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. The power outage blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant drawback, outweighing the very deep wastewater treatment (almost 98%). Depending on the model, the purified water can be discharged either by gravity or with the help of a built-in pump. The smallest model of the septic tank Topas-4 processes up to 0.8 cubic meters of sewage per day and withstands a salvo discharge of 175 liters. The cost of the model is 73 thousand rubles... On the official website of the manufacturer, the price of the most expensive septic tank Topas-150 is 920 thousand rubles... This station cleans up to 24 cubic meters of wastewater per day and withstands a salvo discharge of 4.5 thousand liters.

Non-volatile

• Tank;

Tank Is a family of wastewater treatment plants operating on the same principle and arranged in a modular design. - basic two-chamber unit, which provides relatively good sewage treatment. The cleaning efficiency is increased by adding special reagents that improve the work of bacteria and increase their number. The connection of several blocks increases the cleaning efficiency, which reaches 75%, but if you use reagents, then even the base unit is able to clean the sewage by 75-80%. Tank-1 is capable of processing up to 600 liters per day, and the salvo discharge is 110 liters. The cost of the septic tank Tank-1 on the official website is 28 thousand rubles and it is well suited for a house or a summer residence where no more than three people live. Septic tank Tank-2 built on a three-chamber scheme, so it cleans wastewater better than the previous model.

However, without the use of reagents, it is unable to compete with volatile devices. Models 2, 2.5 and 3 are made according to the same scheme, therefore, they provide a cleaning quality of 80%. The use of reagents raises this parameter to 85–90%. On the official website of the manufacturer, the price of septic tanks for these models is 33–45 thousand rubles. Provide capacity from 800 to 1200 liters per day, and salvo discharge is 150-200 liters. The most powerful and efficient model Tank-4, consists of three basic blocks and even without the use of reagents provides a filtration efficiency of 85 percent. The productivity of this model is 1.8 cubic meters per day, salvo discharge is 300 liters, and the cost 59 thousand rubles.

Is a small three-chamber device that provides a cleaning efficiency of 75–80%. The advantage of this type of treatment plant is its low weight and affordable price. The performance of the Septic Tank Triton depends on the model and is 0.5-15 cubic meters per day, a salvo discharge is 100-1000 liters, and the price on the official website is from 24,5 before 630 thousand rubles... The design of the device allows the installation of drainage pumps, and the use of special reagents increases the cleaning efficiency up to 90%.

BCS- these are sewage treatment plants made according to a three-chamber scheme. All the movement of the sewer masses occurs by gravity, therefore the septic tank of the booster compressor station, intended for a house or a summer residence, does not need electricity. You can increase cleaning efficiency and reduce the depth required to ensure the correct slope by installing drain pumps that are not included in the package. The smallest model DKS-10 weighs 27 kilograms and processes up to 200 liters per day, while the salvo discharge is 70 liters. This model stands 22 thousand rubles th.

Due to its low weight and price, the DKS septic tank is well suited for a summer cottage or a house where one person lives. The model range of DKS treatment plants includes devices of various capacities and prices. The most powerful and expensive septic tank DKS-25 processes up to 750 liters per day and withstands a salvo discharge of 250 liters, as stated on the company's official website. The cost of this model 44 thousand rubles... Some DKS septic tanks support direct connection of the drain pump, it will have to be adapted to the rest of the devices of this series, which will require a separate drive.

Small septic tanks

• Microbe;

Is a small-sized device operating on the principle of a cesspool. Sewage drains enter a single chamber, where organic fragments either go to the bottom or remain on the surface, and relatively purified water from the middle part of the chamber goes to the infiltrate, from where it enters the ground. The cost of the Triton Micro septic tank on the official website is 9 thousand rubles, productivity is up to 150 liters per day, and salvo discharge is not more than 20 liters.

Microbe Is a series of primitive purification devices operating on the principle of a one- or two-chamber septic tank. The most popular model is 450, which is a single-chamber device that provides a minimum level of wastewater treatment. On the official website, the price of a septic tank Microbe 450 is 12400 rubles, and the capacity is declared at 150 liters per day. There is no information about the size of the salvo discharge.

Output

We talked about the work of cleaning devices and the main parameters that affect their choice. Therefore, now you know that the answer to the question - which septic tank is better for a house or summer cottage depends on many conditions. It is also impossible to say unequivocally which is better - a volatile or non-volatile septic tank, because most often the choice has to be made at a price. Because not everyone can pay 60 or more thousand on a good volatile unit (albeit not corresponding in performance), while a very good non-volatile septic tank will cost 20-40 thousand rubles.

There are many types of autonomous sewers. But which is the best septic tank for a summer residence or a country house for a particular family to choose is often not clear. Each type of VOC has its own advantages. Plus, there are a huge number of factory models with their own distinctive advantages. However, it is necessary to install something on the personal plot. Without a treatment plant, there is no need to talk about comfortable living outside the city.

Description and principle of operation of septic tanks

The septic tank is designed for the accumulation and partial or complete processing of sewage from the house. Such structures are installed in summer cottages for temporary stay and near cottages where a family of several people lives all year round. Accordingly, the type and performance of the treatment plant is selected based on the number of residents and the intensity of their use of the internal sewage system.

When sewage enters the septic tank, these waters are settled (clarified), and then drained into the ground or pumped out by sewers. This is how an ordinary cesspool with anaerobic bacteria works. If the dacha is being improved, then such a simple cesspool is ideal for her.

In more advanced biological stations with deep purification, aerobic microorganisms are used, which, with the help of a compressor, supply an additional volume of air inside the septic tank. So they eat organic matter much faster.

The choice of the type of septic tank

All variations of septic tanks are divided into:

Accumulative;

Anaerobic;

Aerobic.

In the first case, the sewage treatment plant is the simplest in design, a sealed reservoir for the accumulation of effluents. For their subsequent pumping, a sewage machine is then used.

Storage tank "Rostok"

Two-chamber septic tank "Tank"

The third option is full-fledged stations that process sewage by 95–99%. At the exit from them, the water has a technical condition, which allows it to be used for watering a vegetable garden in the country or washing a car in a garage near the house.

Autonomous cleaning station "Topas"

Storage tanks and most of the anaerobic septic tanks are non-volatile structures. They do not have pumps or compressors; all water flows inside occur by gravity. They do not need electricity to work. If the water supply for a country house is organized from a well or centrally, then this option is ideal for a cottage.

Aerobic septic tanks are stations that depend on an uninterrupted power supply. They have better wastewater treatment performance. But the aerators pumping air into the activated sludge chamber need constant power from the electrical network.

For a summer residence, it is best to choose a septic tank of the first or second type. Such VOCs are cheaper in design, easier to maintain and do not depend on the power supply. But for full-fledged private houses outside the city, it is worth choosing an aerobic station. A large family of effluents produces a lot, a cesspool or an anaerobic installation cannot cope with significant daily volumes.

For the manufacture of septic tanks used:

2. Reinforced concrete.

The best septic tanks for summer cottages are considered to be factory anaerobic models with a polyethylene body. They clean drains quite effectively, take up little space and do not need electricity. Plus, you can put them right next to the country house. Moreover, it does not matter whether the screw or pile-strip foundation was used for its construction.

Moisture from such a VOC will not have much effect on this substrate. Such a septic tank is sealed, and an infiltrator or drainage well can be taken away from the building further away. In a similar situation, when building a house, it is even allowed to use gas silicate blocks, which do not like high humidity very much.

Selection by performance and volume of a septic tank

Septic tanks for summer cottages and cottages are selected on the basis of calculations on the consumption of water by people living in the house. If you know how much wastewater flows into the sewer per day, then it will not be difficult to make a choice in favor of this or that structure. For all factory-made models, their total volume, salvo discharge and daily productivity are indicated in the passport.

With a complete calculation of the volume of waste discharged into the sewage system in accordance with all the rules, it is necessary to take into account all the plumbing fixtures in the residential building. Each of them has its own average rate of water discharge per day. For example, about 0.1 is drained from the toilet into the septic tank, 0.15–0.2 from the kitchen sink or bath, and about 0.14 l / day from the shower. It is necessary to add up the consumption of all plumbing installed in the dwelling - this will be the total volume of wastewater per person.

Lineup "Termit" in various volumes

Such accurate calculations are often made only by designers. To simplify calculations, it is customary to lay a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 liters per day for each person. A septic tank for a summer residence is usually calculated according to the minimum bar, and for a house with permanent residence - according to the maximum.

After determining the daily volume, it is multiplied by 3 (three days). It is within three days that the sewage in the septic tank is completely recycled. Based on this figure already received, it will be possible to choose which particular station in terms of volume is better to install on your site.

Choosing a septic tank manufacturer for a summer residence

It is impossible to say unequivocally what kind of septic tanks for a summer residence should be purchased here and now right in the store. The range of ready-made stations from the factory is extensive. Some come out cheaper at the price of VOCs, the second are easier to install, and the third are optimal in terms of volume for a specific situation.

Among domestic manufacturers, stations from:

TOPOL-ECO Group of Companies - various Topas models.

Triton Plastic - Tank, MicrobMini and BioTank.

PC "Multplast" - "Termit" and "Ergobox".

"SBM-Group" - "Unilos" with modifications "Astra", "Kedr" and "Mega".

Septic tanks for summer cottages of these manufacturers occupy the lion's share of the Russian VOC market. Owners often refer to their products as their best choice. The assortment of these factories includes both anaerobic non-volatile models and more efficient aerobic models with pumps. Among them, there are modifications not only for standard soils, but also for areas with high GWL.

Of the foreign manufacturers, only the Finnish Uponor is worth mentioning. If the dacha is located in the North-West of the Russian Federation and preference is given to imports, then it will be difficult to find a better septic tank. This company offers several solutions for a different number of people living in a cottage. There are plenty to choose from. Here's how - there are domestic and imported products on the market. The choice is only at the discretion of the buyer.

Which septic tank to choose for a summer residence or at home?

A septic tank for a summer residence can be made independently from a brick, an iron barrel or concrete rings. This is the cheapest option. But it is much easier to take a ready-made treatment plant from the factory, which only needs to be installed in a pre-dug pit. And if you have money and want European quality, then you can order a cleaning station made in Finland. The choice is vast, everything here depends only on the excellent preferences of the owner of the cottage.

The appearance of the septic tank at the dacha site