The porch is a functionally significant element of the architectural ensemble of a country house, which, in addition to its practical purpose, performs an aesthetic function, emphasizing the beauty of the entire building. Acting as the front part of the building, the porch of a private house can tell a lot about its owner: about his tastes, attitude to his site, material wealth. That is why many of us try to design the facade of the house so that it stands out favorably against the background of others. And even if at the construction stage the owner does not have the opportunity to attach a beautiful wooden porch to the house, he can always realize what he wants after a while.

The porch of a wooden house is an extension in front of the entrance to the building, which serves as a transition from ground level to floor level.

Since the difference in height between the ground and the floor often reaches from 50 to 200 and even more centimeters, the porch is equipped with a staircase laid out from the steps

The practical function of the porch also lies in the fact that the wooden extension is designed to protect the front entrance of the house from snow and rain. Therefore, the area adjacent to the entrance door is also equipped with a canopy. Depending on the shape and purpose, the porch may have one of the design options, we will consider some of them.

Option # 1 - open area on the steps

A compact platform with adjacent steps acts as an excellent addition to the architectural ensemble of a one- and two-storey wooden house of small size

Option # 2 - a site with partially closed walls

When arranging a porch located on a small elevation, low fences perform a protective function, protecting against falls and possible injuries.

On the porch, the height of which does not exceed half a meter, such railings and partially closed walls act rather as a decorative design.

Option # 3 - closed porch

Owners of country houses most often equip a glazed porch if they have the opportunity to build a more spacious area in front of the entrance.

The space of such a porch - a veranda furnished with comfortable garden furniture, allows you to receive guests and enjoy a pleasant stay in the fresh air

Self-construction of a wooden porch

Before starting the construction of the porch to the house, it is important to determine not only the size of the structure, but also to think over the presence of steps, the height of the handrails and the general appearance of the porch.

A detailed project of the future structure or at least a drawing of the porch will allow you to visually form the idea and calculate the required amount of material

When designing a structure, a number of points should be considered:

1. The width of the porch area should be at least one and a half times the width of the front entrance. The porch is located on the same level with the first floor of the building. In this case, a margin of 5 cm from the level of the porch platform for the front door should be provided. This will allow in the future to avoid difficulties in the event of deformation of the surface of the wooden platform under the influence of moisture when opening the front door. Indeed, according to fire safety requirements, the front door should only open outward.
2. The number of steps is calculated with a reference point so that when ascending, a person steps onto the porch site leading to the front door with the same foot with which he began to move. When arranging a porch in a country house, three, five and seven steps are usually made. The optimal size of the steps: a height of 15-20 cm, and a depth of 30 cm.
3. Wooden steps leading to the porch should be placed at a slight incline of several degrees. This will prevent puddles from stagnating after rain or melting ice in the cold season.
4. It is advisable to provide for the arrangement of a canopy that protects the front entrance from precipitation. The presence of fences and railings will make it easier to climb and descend the stairs, which is especially important in winter, when the surface is covered with a crust of ice. From the point of view of ergonomics, the height of the railings most comfortable for a person is 80-100 cm.
5. When building a porch, it should also be borne in mind that when attaching an extension to a monolithic building, it is highly undesirable to connect building structures "tightly". This is due to the fact that the house and the porch, having different weights, create different shrinkage. This can cause cracks and deformations in the joints.

Stage # 2 - preparation of materials and erection of the foundation

To make a wooden porch, you will need materials:

• A beam with a section of 100x200 mm for the installation of support pillars;
• Boards with a thickness of 30 mm for arranging the site and steps;
• Slats with a section of 50 mm for side posts and handrails;
• Antiseptics for wood surface treatment;
• Cement mortar.

From construction tools, you should prepare:

• Saw or jigsaw;
• Hammer;
• Level;
• Screwdriver;
• Fastening materials (nails, screws);
• Shovel.

The construction of any building structure begins with laying the foundation.

The best option for laying a reliable and durable support for the construction of a wooden porch to the house is the construction of a pile foundation

Unlike traditional concrete types of foundations, pile foundations do not require large financial costs for construction. In addition, it is quite easy to install: any owner with basic construction skills can build a pile foundation.

Wooden beams intended for supports should be treated before installation. This prevents wood rotting and extends the life of the supporting structure. In the places where the supports are installed, we dig holes 80 cm deep, the bottom of which is lined with a sand and gravel "pillow".

Having leveled the base, we install the support pillars vertically, align them in level, check the height, and only then fill it with cement mortar

The height of the piles should be calculated taking into account the fact that even after the platform has laid down on them, the distance to the door remains at least 5 cm.

Filling the vertically installed support pillars with cement mortar, wait for it to dry completely. Only after that we fix the extreme row of support posts to the wall of the house using self-tapping screws. This will significantly increase the strength of the structure. The lags are laid horizontally directly on the support pillars.

Stage # 3 - making a stringer and installing steps

To arrange a flight of stairs, you will need to make a special inclined board - a stringer or bowstring.

The staircase can have two design options: with embedded steps or with cut out ledges

With the help of a special triangular pattern we make recesses for the bowstring. You can make such a template yourself by cutting out a blank from thick cardboard. One of the sides of the pattern corresponds to the horizontal part of the future steps - treads, and the second to the vertical - the riser. The number of steps depends on the size of the porch area and the expected load that they will have to withstand.

Having calculated the required number and size of steps, we mark the profile of the future bowstring on the board. As a basis for making a bowstring, it is better to use unedged lumber, which is an order of magnitude wider than ordinary edged boards.

To secure the lower part of the bowstring, it is necessary to fill in a concrete support platform. To protect the lower step from steam rising from the ground, it is advisable to cover a vapor barrier with a top layer.

At this stage of construction, it is also necessary to provide for a "pillow" device to remove excess moisture.

Having filled the support platform with cement mortar, we wait until the base is completely dry and only after that we proceed with the installation of the bowstring. We fix them on the supports using screws or nails. The distance between the bowstrings should not exceed one and a half meters.

Stage # 4 - assembling a wooden structure

Ready-made kosoura by filing, or using the "thorn-groove" method, we attach to the lags of the site. To do this, we fix the boards with grooves to the areal beam so that subsequently the thorns of the bowstrings are inserted into the grooves of the board.

After that, we proceed to the installation of the wooden floor of the site. When laying boards, it is advisable to fit them together as tightly as possible. This will allow in the future to avoid the formation of large gaps in the process of wood drying.

The final stage in the assembly of a wooden porch is the installation of steps and risers

We start laying from the bottom step, performing fastening using the “thorn-groove” method and additionally fixing them with self-tapping screws. First, we attach the riser, and then the tread on it.

The porch is almost complete. It remains only to make the railing and equip the shed. To give the structure a more attractive and complete look, it is enough to cover the surface with varnish or paint.

Videos with examples of porch devices

The first thing people see when they come to visit is the porch, a kind of visiting card of the owner of the house. It is important that it is not only beautiful, but also durable. A wooden porch, which you can build with your own hands, looks especially cozy. In this article, we will show you how you can make a porch with a canopy made of wood using examples of ready-made projects.

A wooden porch is a fairly light structure; it is not necessary to make a complex strip foundation for it. If the staircase is built using stringers (bowstrings), then the foundation on the supports is sufficient.

Advice! As piles, a coniferous tree is well suited, it is durable and does not rot even in humid climates.

Attention! In order for such a structure to be more stable, we attach the extreme support to the wall of the house with hardware (screws or nails).

Making steps

We calculate the number of steps. The main thing here is to adhere to several rules:

• the number of steps must be odd;
• the width of the steps should be 36-45 cm, the height no more than 20 cm.
• the width of the porch is taken at least one and a half times the width of the front door.

We outline the profile of future bowstrings on the plate. Because the support is connected to the lags on the porch, then we cut out thorns on the bowstrings and kosoura.

Attention! If you want to build a porch with a patio or attic, then you need to install two auxiliary stringers and bowstrings for the stability of the structure.

To attach stringers, bowstrings with lags, a thorn-groove design is used. To do this, you need to screw the board with grooves to the platform lag, into which the thorns of the bowstrings and stringers are mounted. For reliability, the structure is reinforced with steel brackets.

The final stage of making the porch

1. First you need to lay the boards on the site in front of the entrance. The boards are adjusted as close to each other as possible, because over time the wood will still dry out and disperse. Some experts believe that it is necessary to leave a distance of 2-3 mm between the boards so that water can flow there, and the distance that forms after the wood shrinks is not critical for people.
2. After that, the risers and treads are laid. They are interconnected according to the thorn-groove principle. Using a similar method, we fasten the bowstring and riser. For strength, you can additionally connect the structure with self-tapping screws.
3. A porch fence is made if there are more than 3 steps. On a wooden porch, metal railings made of stainless steel or wood look best. You can also cover the flight of stairs with non-slip rubber mats for safety.

Porch painting rules

• Before applying paint, the wood must be primed. It retains the properties of wood.
• It is not recommended to cover soft wood with transparent varnishes, because over time, a lot of dirt and sand accumulates on their surface. But a hardwood tree, on the contrary, looks beautiful if you cover it with a transparent varnish.
• A pine porch is recommended to be covered with several layers of paintwork, renewing it every 3-5 years.

• Re-coat is applied only after the old one has been removed.
• Alkyd paints are mainly used for painting the porch, they are the most resistant to abrasion. Other paints are less popular because of their harsh, unpleasant odor (oil), low durability (water-based), or high cost (reactive).

We make a visor over the porch

First, we choose the material for the visor:

• polycarbonate. Differs in a variety of colors, suitable for any home design. In addition, it is strong, durable, very easy to work with, but it costs more than other materials.
• metal. A cheap and easy option for a visor. However, to make a canopy out of it, you need to have experience in welding. In addition, without additional anti-corrosion treatment, the metal visor will quickly begin to rust.

• professional flooring. It is easier to work with this material than with metal, and a wide variety of colors makes it an analogue of polycarbonate, only cheap. However, the big disadvantage is that if the top layer is damaged, this material will quickly corrode. Thicker sheets of corrugated board are much more expensive.
• lightweight PVC boards. Just like corrugated board, they can be considered an analogue of polycarbonate. However, unlike corrugated board, PVC is more durable and reliable.
• metal tile. A great option if you have leftover material after installing the roof. If you purchase a different material from what the roof is lined with, then it will be very conspicuous. Some people dislike this material because of the rain noise.

Having chosen the material, we sketch the visor. Its length will be equal to the distance from the door to the extreme point of the canopy, and the height is calculated from the height of your house. It is also necessary to tilt the visor 20 °.

We make parts for corners from wood. We take the length of the rafters equal to the height of the canopy slope. We make struts and a wall beam from the corners. We connect the entire structure with self-tapping screws. We mount the frame above the entrance: the wall beam is fastened with screws, and the struts - with anchors. As a crate, we use bars or planks, which are laid out with a distance of 30 cm from each other. We lay the sheets of the selected material end-to-end and fix them with self-tapping screws. We fix the metal strip to the upper part of the ramp, and to the bottom - the cornice.

In conclusion, I would like to say that this technique is given as an example of making a porch. If you wish, you can come up with an original design of the railing, decorate the canopy with forging, make a large terrace where you can drink tea, or build a patio porch, where it is appropriate to put beautiful flowers in pots. It all depends on your skill and imagination.

Do-it-yourself wooden porch: video

The porch is the first thing that guests see, it can be considered the hallmark of any home. The design of the porch gives the impression not only of the house, but also of its owner. And the neater and more attractive it looks, the better.

For decorative purposes, sculptures, flowers, columns, carved balusters are often used. But at the same time, you need to take into account the general style. Let's say a chic stone porch is not suitable for a simple wooden house, and, on the contrary, for a huge brick structure, a small wooden porch will look ridiculous.

The main components of the structure are:

• Steps;
• Railing;
• Visor;
• Area.

Varieties of porches

There are many types of porches. They differ in size, materials from which they are made, additional elements and functionality.

Let's start with the most common. It is suitable for a small house or summer cottage. The easiest way to build it.

Brick porch will look organically next to a brick house. However, with the right decoration, you can do this for a wooden house and buildings sheathed with other materials.

Column porch not suitable for every home. First, because it is not easy to fit into the overall design. Secondly, not many materials in style are combined with the columns. Columns will fit well in a brick or stone building.

Glazed porch especially important for cold climates. It is more difficult to design it than usual, but in terms of its functionality, such a porch surpasses the main types.

Porch design

Before proceeding directly to the construction, it is necessary, at least, to have in mind the entire construction plan. But it is better to depict it on paper and calculate all sizes, pay attention to all the nuances.

It is important for the project to provide for:

• Location of adjacent parts (doors, paths);
• Building materials;
• Instruments;

An example of a project is shown in the figure. This porch consists of:

1. support part;
2. steps;
3. handrail;
4. side part in the form of a flower bed;
5. canopy.

The porch, as a rule, is made so that it is on the same level with the 1st floor of the house, but you need to take into account the margin for the front door, which should be at least 5 cm from the porch site (since, in accordance with fire safety techniques, the front door should open outward).

When designing, you should consider a canopy or a full roof for protection from precipitation. You definitely need to think about fences, since in winter the steps often become icy. It will be dangerous to move along them without support at this time.

How to choose materials for the porch

When choosing materials for a porch, it is best to rely on what the main building is made of. As already mentioned, a tree will suit a wooden house, a brick will suit a brick one. At the same time, it is possible to select compositions from different materials. But for this they need to be properly assembled and adjusted. So, for example, a porch of typical staircase steps will harmoniously fit into a spacious stone house, and ceramic cladding will make such a structure original.

A wooden structure is easiest to build, since it does not require a large support, which means that you can do without a foundation. But this material also has obvious disadvantages - low strength.

As an additional material, metal will do quite well. It is usually mounted on a concrete base.

Important! Do not forget about waterproofing, in humid and cold climates this plays a big role.

How to calculate your porch size

It would seem that you don't have to bother too much about the size, but this is not so, because the porch must first of all be safe. And it's also convenient.

The area at the door. Let's start with observation: to open a door, a person first walks to the door, turns, inserts the key, opens, and then takes a step back. To do all these actions, you need a certain space to the left and right of the door, as well as in front of it.

There are building codes that govern the size of the porch. They differ depending on whether the door is single or double.

For the first, the depth should be at least one and a half meters, width from one and a half to one meter and sixty centimeters. For the second at the same depth, the width should be over two meters. Of course, these parameters should not be taken as an ideal. It will be better if they become even slightly exceeded. You should definitely take care of this if the porch is high.

Steps. Their width differs from structures inside buildings, external ones should be more comfortable and safe. It is recommended to tread at least 30 centimeters.

While the number of steps is often small, their height, on the contrary, should be reduced in comparison with internal staircases. A good height in this case is between 14 and 17 centimeters.

Railings and fences... If the porch is more than 3 steps high, then it is necessary to make fences on it. The standard size of the railing is suitable - 80-90 centimeters.

Light . Lighting is important when building a porch, as this is a place of special injury risk. The same rule of 3 steps applies here, that is, if there are 4 or more steps in a staircase, then one lamp is not enough. You need to hang at least two so that they illuminate the porch from different sides. This is due to the fact that the lighting fixture located above the door gives a large shadow, as a result of which the steps are not viewed properly.

Visor. What is it for? The first answer that comes to mind is to hide from the rain. But, besides this, it is also designed to protect the steps from precipitation, which is especially important in winter. Therefore, the visor should be made wider than the porch. It is recommended that it be at least 30 centimeters longer than the porch on all sides.

Such a large canopy reduces the amount of light, especially if there are windows underneath. To solve this problem, polycarbonate can be used for the purpose of building such a roof.

We build a porch for the house with our own hands

Consider the option of building a porch, the price of which is most consistent with the quality. To do this, it is necessary to make a base from a conventional foundation, reinforced with reinforcement and in several layers of cement filled with a solution.

Such a porch can be finished with tiles, stone or any other suitable material.

Preparatory work

The construction of a porch, like any other object, begins with clearing the place and marking. This is done in order to save time later. All the necessary tools and materials (reinforcement, sand and cement) are also purchased.

Concrete foundation

It is easy to guess that it all starts with the creation of a foundation, under which the first step is to dig a pit (the depth is equal to the size of the foundation of the house itself). Then, according to the rules, you should fill in a pillow of gravel and sand, and then pour concrete, setting the formwork.

The rules and regulations must be followed so that the porch does not have to be restored in the next few years.

For the base of the foundation, you will need a broken brick, on top of which a mesh of ribbed reinforcement is installed. This will strengthen the foundation and bond it to the foundation of the main building. Next, you need to take out the reinforcement from the foundation of the building, the future threshold will be poured along it. After the finished “floor” under the base has been obtained, you need to drive in more vertical pieces of reinforcement into it, which we fill from above with a good cement solution.

Porch base

After the base of the foundation is poured, it's time to move on to forming the base of the porch. A backing brick is suitable for this purpose. They should lay out the base of the structure, taking into account the required dimensions. At this stage, do not forget about waterproofing, since the brick is sensitive to high humidity. We need both horizontal and vertical types of waterproofing - the base is cut off from the porch, the whole base is treated with aquasol or a double layer of roofing material.

Masonry steps

The moment has come to lay the steps. A high-quality brick will come in handy here, it is not recommended to take already used ones. In principle, almost any type of brick will do. It is put on a regular mortar, in a way convenient for the builder. This stage should be approached with special care, because the steps are the main part of this structure.

Finishing and decoration

There is no big difference whether it is a wooden or brick porch, because the main thing is ease of use, high quality, reliability and durability. But also not in the last place is the aesthetic component.

Therefore, it is also necessary to decorate the porch of the house. To increase the service life, it is worth trimming the edges of the steps with a metal corner.

For the integrity of the architectural ensemble, it is necessary to carry out coordinated color solutions in the decoration. So, if there are elements of forging in the enclosing structures, then it would be nice to use similar elements in the design of the railings and pilasters for the canopy.

Various directions in the decor of the porch

Examples of beautiful design can be seen in the video

Classics. In this case, a gable canopy, chiseled railings and round balusters are required. Stone or tiles are suitable as cladding.

In the "castle" style. A fairly massive structure, decorated with natural stone. For decorative purposes, you can use torches, lattices, heavy furniture.

Old Russian era... In Russia, the main entrance of a traditional wooden house was made high, on large heavy supports, and at the same time it was quite spacious. It was customary to use patterns and carved elements in large quantities as decorations.

Patio porch. Such a structure looks like an open terrace adjacent to the house. There are benches, tables, chairs on it. Moreover, not in all cases a roof is made over the structure.

European style... This design is characterized by restrained lines and regular features. As a rule, such a porch is a low structure. For cladding, take ceramic tiles or a suitable type of stone.

French style... A special feature here is the "French window". Although in fact this is a door made with an openwork lattice design. To complement, flowers are used in hanging pots, wicker and wooden furniture.

Whatever design of the porch is chosen, it is important to remember the observance of construction technologies and the quality of materials. Provided these requirements are met, the porch will last a long time. And finally, I would like to post photos of various designs of porches for wooden, brick and other houses.

The porch is part of the house that is under constant use due to increased traffic. Made in harmonious combination with the material of the walls, it becomes a beautiful testimony to the well-being of the owner and his attentive attitude to his home.

Several design options

First of all, you need to decide on the options for the entrance group, below are described several ways of improvement.

Open entrance

A porch without a canopy is sometimes used for private houses. This type of entrance is a platform open from all sides. Railings are not installed, since the height usually does not exceed a few steps. The site is under the influence of atmospheric precipitation, since there is no roof or canopy above it.

Most often, an open area is made if there is a veranda behind it. Such open types are arranged in southern regions with a dry climate, and in damp areas with a large amount of rainfall, open options are not built.

With terrace

To protect those entering the house, a porch of a private building with a canopy is performed. This type allows you to approach the arrangement of the entrance with a huge range of different options, as evidenced by numerous photos. The roof over the site plays the role of an exquisite accessory or becomes the final detail in the whole ensemble of the facade exterior.

A covered area with a porch is the most effective solution, it is economical and practical to use. You cannot make a separate canopy in front of the entrance if the site falls under the common remote edge of the roof or a balcony is arranged above it. Some options for the carport suggest its extension to the roof of the car parking or a small cozy terrace.

Buried option

This type involves fencing the site with walls made of wood. They can be solid and contain window openings in their design. The role of the roof is played by a separate canopy or a higher-level balcony above the entrance. Such a room closed from bad weather additionally expands the usable area of ​​the house.

Sometimes the area inside the closed entrance is made spacious and there is an additional kitchen there in the summer for preparing food, in the winter they put shelves for storing food. You can combine the closed type of entrance with a spacious terrace for parties and receiving friends. If you make a solid and spacious closed entrance, then most often you need to arrange a foundation foundation.

How to make a wooden porch with your own hands - a phased implementation of work

The construction of a porch made of wood often does not require an additional base, which contributes to cost savings. When making a structure, they focus on massive steps and original railings.

Wood goes well with walls made of artificial and natural stone, bricks, sheathed with siding or plastic. The canopy racks are made massive, if the design intent requires it, or they are decorated with figures, light carvings, and balusters of an unusual shape are placed. The tree is easily painted in various colors, which makes it possible to develop design ideas.

Wood is a pliable material that can be easily processed and difficult to process. The steps and other wooden structures, treated with special impregnations against decay and antiseptics against microbes, will stand for a rather long time, and will not only have a presentable appearance, but also delight the owners of the house with their grandeur and splendor.

The porch is subdivided according to the method of joining the house:

• built-in type, located on a common base with the house and being built with it;
• attached, carried out in the process of finishing work.

Construction device

The construction device is carried out on a natural straight or sloping ground using a frame. A wooden or metal box is made, which serves as the basis for the installation and fastening of steps. This is a budget option and it can be implemented at any of the stages of construction or after the start of the operation of the house.

A porch is built on a bowstring or stringer of a reinforced type, in which a metal box-base is provided only in the lower part, and the upper one rests on the base of the house or floor slab. This method opens up opportunities for more design options, since it has a greater bearing capacity than the previous budget option.

Typical mistakes

It is better to learn from other people's mistakes, so we managed to identify several common deviations that beginners face:

• when designing, the materials of the walls of the house were not taken into account, and the porch is knocked out of the general style of the exterior;
• errors in the dimensions of the structure do not give a proportional combination with the dimensions of the house;
• errors in measurements are made, the surrounding paths, flower beds, the location and dimensions of the front door are not taken into account, which distorts the correctness of the design solution;
• overspending of material is allowed as a result of the wrong choice of design;
• insufficient design strength of the structure;
• additional treatment with antiseptics and protective compounds of open parts and supporting structures in the ground is not provided, which leads to premature damage to wood and reduces the service life;
• the absence of a supporting base under a heavy massive porch leads to soil sinking and displacement of the structure;
• the characteristics of the soil are not taken into account, in particular, subsidence and the possibility of swelling.

Choosing a building material

When planning a construction, you should first determine the type of wood that is most suitable for the construction. For outdoor buildings, choose coniferous wood, pine or larch. You can make parts from a whole log, which looks very colorful for large estates and mansions. Kosoura can be made from logs laid on top of each other, and steps are provided from sawn along the trunk.

For the device, you will need to prepare material of the following types:

• it is recommended to make the porch supports from a beam of 10 x 20 cm. This is a standard solution, the choice of section for each specific case depends on the load, the number of supports and other operating conditions;
• for the manufacture of an array of platforms and steps, a board with a thickness of 2.5 to 5 cm is optimal, depending on the span;
• ready-made balusters and railings can be installed in the structure, or you can make them from a rail or a thin bar, the dimensions of which are determined depending on the project;
• provide protective solutions and compositions for the impregnation of finished parts;
• concrete and metal profile (if they are provided for by the project for the installation of the base).

We design

If you start construction without a project or scheme, then the difficulties that arise will put the master in front of the need to change something in the process of constructing the structure. The presence of all schemes and sizes in a visual form on paper will make changes easier and easier. The project must contain:

• drawing, drawing or photo of the appearance of the porch in frontal and lateral projections;
• the location, number and height of the steps are indicated;
• the height and setting of the railings, the frequency of the location of the balusters;
• the size and shape of the visor;
• dimensions of the site base;
• the dimensions of the side walls, their thickness, the presence of window and door openings.

There are patterns determined by the rules and regulations that are used for the quick construction of the building:

• the site is made at the level of the foundation or base of the house;
• the width of the area in front of the entrance door, taking into account the size of the first step, is usually taken as 1.3–1.7 m;
• the step in width should be in the range of 30–40 cm, its standard height in the parameters is 15–20 cm;
• the bottom of the visor is located 25–30 cm above the top of the entrance door;
• the minimum width of the passage on the porch for one person is taken in the range of 70–80 cm; for two people to walk hand in hand, this passage is increased to 1.4–1.6 m.
• if the ascent to the site is more than three steps, then the porch must be equipped with a handrail;
• the front door usually opens outward, so the last finishing layer of the platform should not raise it more than 5 cm below the level of the opening line;
• waterproofing of wooden walls from a concrete base is laid in the project, if provided;
• the width of the site is made taking into account the opening of a double-leaf or single-leaf door;
• it is recommended to provide for night lighting of the entrance group and the adjacent territory;
• the removal of the visor is done by 40-50 cm in length and width relative to the site;
• it is recommended to provide in the project an angle of inclination of steps and a platform of about 2-3 degrees in order to avoid water accumulation and the formation of ice.

Making the foundation

A lightweight structure can be installed without a foundation, but its foundation will help to avoid the dependence of the structure on seasonal shifts and swelling of the soil. To do this, you can choose a columnar foundation.

A solid slab-type foundation is located under the porch and platform and is made in the form of a base for massive large entrances, combined with terraces and verandas. The strip foundation is the most economical, since it has a sufficient tensile strength with reduced material costs.

It is better to take the depth of the foundation at the level of the base of the house. It is recommended to fasten these two foundations together using embedded parts made of reinforcement or strip metal.

When building, according to the instructions, a number of mandatory rules should be observed:

• the base of the stringer beam should rest in a section isolated from moisture, which is arranged on the foundation;
• supports are best made of coniferous wood, which works better in wet conditions in contact with the ground;
• it is imperative to treat all bearing and structural parts with an antiseptic to a height of 52 cm above the soil level; drying oil or waste oil of machines is used as an impregnation;
• the supports are installed at a depth of at least 80 cm or at a distance equal to 1/3 of the length, the number of racks depends on the massiveness of the structure;
• after the concrete solution has solidified, the racks are adjusted in height;
• for reliable laying of beams and lags in the upper part of the racks, quarters are chosen;

Installing steps

Installation of steps is performed from below and gradually move upward. They are attached to the beam with self-tapping screws or wooden pins. It is advisable to grease both those and others with glue on wood before use. The caps of the self-tapping screws must be well sunk into the wood to avoid injuries to the foot.

Any building has a special extension at the entrance, which is better known as a porch. Its characteristic feature is the presence of steps, which is not surprising, given that the floor of this extension is most often located above ground level. Also, this structure has a special area, which should have a fairly large area, thereby allowing several people to sit on it.

The porch can provide two versions: with a canopy and without it. Each of them has its own characteristics in terms of construction, and therefore, before deciding to start building the porch with your own hands, it will be useful to familiarize yourself with the technology for carrying out these works.

Before starting work on the construction of a porch of a private house with a visor, it is advisable draw it as a drawing... It should reflect not only the future appearance of this structure, but also the dimensions, the number of steps, proportions, the height of the handrails and other points.

Even before making a porch with a visor, it will not hurt to get acquainted with a number of points regarding the construction of this structure. For example, to determine the required number of steps, it is necessary to adhere to the following rule: a person must step on the porch platform with the same foot with which he began his ascent. Hence, we can conclude that each such design should provide for an odd number of steps.

If we are talking about the height of the steps, then the optimal is value in 150-200 mm... In depth, they should reach about 300 mm. However, you should not increase this parameter, as otherwise it will create difficulties for guests.

Care should be taken to protect the steps from precipitation. Accumulating water can cause great harm to them. Therefore, so that it does not linger on them, it is advisable to perform the steps with a slight slope.

Not for every porch with a canopy, the appropriate solution is to equip it with a handrail and a fence. For example, if the height of this structure is less than half a meter, there is no need to equip it with handrails. However, if there is sufficient finance, this element can be added to the structure of the extension, where they will be assigned the role of a decorative element. If your plan already includes a railing and you do not want to change it, then it is advisable that their height is in the range of 0.8-1 m.

Sometimes a series of additional elements can be added to the porch, for example, a bench. However, before you decide to implement this idea, you should make sure that there is enough space for it. Keep in mind that there are no strict restrictions on the size of the porch deck as defined by building codes or other regulations. For this reason, the owner is given complete freedom of action here. Therefore, the platform created by him can be both quite miniature and very spacious.

There are houses in which the ring is turned into a kind of veranda. When choosing a design for the porch of a house, it should be taken into account that it harmoniously complements the overall style of the building facade.

Not every owner is able to decide without additional help what his porch will look like. In this case, it will not hurt him to first get acquainted with the photo of the ready-made extensions.

Once you get an idea of ​​what the porch of different buildings might look like, you can no doubt come up with your own original version of the porch... Let's say a wrought-iron porch of a house would be a great idea.

A fairly common option is the construction of a porch, which is an independent structure, which is located by means of docking to the building. However, it is desirable that the foundation, on which the main building is held, acts as a support for it. If you are considering the option of building a porch, which will be an independent structure, then you should not connect it to a monolith. Such a solution can be fraught with the formation of cracks and deformation where the structure will be joined to the main building. The reason for this is that each of these structures has a different weight, and therefore they will differ from each other in shrinkage.

How to make a porch with a canopy with your own hands

One of the main requirements that a wooden porch with a canopy must satisfy - high strength... This should be remembered when creating a visor over the porch with your own hands. It should be borne in mind that various loads will act on it for a long time. And for this reason, it will wear out earlier than the main building.

Main steps

They start making a porch with a visor with their own hands from the preparatory stage, in which includes the following works:

There are some nuances regarding the strengthening of the supports and the base of the wooden porch:

To simplify the bowstring making process, you can prepare template, and for this you need to do the following:

• As a basis for it, a strip of hardboard is used, which should have a width of about 400 mm.
• The strip must be positioned in such a way that with one end it adjoins the end of the support of the horizontal platform, and with the other it touches the support area. As a result, an angle will be formed, focusing on which it is necessary to draw a bowstring pattern.

Construction of awnings: step by step instructions

In the process of building a porch of a house, it is necessary solve the canopy issue... This structure is designed primarily to ensure the safety of people on the site, as well as the other part of the building from the negative impact of precipitation.

Quite often, when making a canopy over the porch with their own hands, they use a material such as polycarbonate. Due to its high-tech characteristics, it can be operated for a long time.

As a material for the frame of the canopy over the porch, they use aluminum profile... The role of support for the structure is performed by consoles.

Steel clamps are used to fix the polycarbonate to the canopy frame over the porch. It is possible to avoid leakage of the canopy over the porch in the rain if you use rubber washers in those places where the material is fixed to the frame.

Pay particular attention to the size of the screw holes. Optimally, they are two to three times larger than the diameter of the part. This will allow the polycarbonate to expand without any restrictions as a result of exposure to sunlight. Among the available fastening materials for the elements, it is not recommended to use self-tapping screws and nails. If this recommendation is neglected, then there is a risk that cracks may appear on the material.

Considering various options for decorating a porch with a wood canopy, you should choose the same style for it as the main building. In other words, for a wooden house, the best solution would be a porch made of wood.

As a decorative material for decorating a porch with a canopy made of wood, you can choose not only wood, but also stone.

Choosing an idea for the design of this extension, you need to make sure that it is in perfect harmony with the external attributes of the house. For example, for the design of a porch with a visor, you should use similar decorative details that are present in the design of the gate.

There are many known cases when fences are made using decorative elements. In such situations, it is prudent to build a porch of wood, adding them to the structure of the visor and railings.

Lighting

Lighting is an equally important characteristic that can significantly affect the appearance of an extension. For example, the function of lighting devices can be performed by similar lamps that are used for the rest of the site. In principle, when choosing materials and decorative elements for the manufacture of a porch, one should focus on your financial capabilities to help you compile a list of the most preferred options for this wooden extension.

Conclusion

Porch with a canopy for a wooden house is an important annex, which not only serves as a decorative element. The level of protection of the entrance to the building from the adverse effects of the external environment depends on this design. For this reason, the choice of materials and products to create the appearance of this extension should be approached with great care.