There are a great many types of heating boilers. In order to give potential buyers at least a general idea about them at once, the main "watershed" of the classification of aggregates was drawn by their creators according to the type of fuel used.

However, inside gas, diesel, electric (so far everything seems to be simple and understandable), etc. boilers also have their own narrower subsections associated with other features of work, for example, the way of loading fuel, physical and chemical characteristics of combustion. And here it is already quite difficult to do without expert explanations.

In this article we will talk about what pyrolysis boilers are, which attract with their unusually high efficiency, and what is their fundamental difference from pellet boilers, which, which do not have such a fantastic coefficient, are, for some reason, an order of magnitude more expensive.

Immediately, we note that both of these types of boilers run on solid fuel. However, this is where their "relationship" ends. And the "firewood" units devour different, and the "way of feeding", i.e. their fuel load is different, but their main difference is in the principle of heat generation.

So, let's figure out what happens in the "womb" of both modifications of thermal units.

Features of the pyrolysis boilers

Pyrolysis boiler (another name - gas generator)- a thermal unit of the so-called "long burning", in which fuel is burned according to the principle of pyrolysis - decomposition of organic matter with a lack of oxygen. At the same time, the firewood itself and the gases released during their combustion burn in two separate chambers - in fact, independently of each other.

In pyrolysis boilers, they are located like two floors in a house, only a ceramic nozzle acts as an overlap. The firewood is burned in the upper compartment, from where the smoke exhauster pumps out the air. This builds up a gigantic temperature (up to 800 ° C and above). Such conditions contribute to the fact that the wood does not actually burn, but very slowly charring with the release of a large amount of wood gas. This is the pyrolysis process.

The released volatile substances (mainly hydrogen, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) are fed into the lower chamber by means of a blower installed inside the boiler through a nozzle. There, oxygen is added to the released gases, due to which all these substances are burned with maximum heat release. Its vapors rise again to the "upper floor", supporting pyrolysis and providing substantial heat transfer. Hence the impressive efficiency - up to 92%, and other undoubted advantages.

Advantages of the pyrolysis principle of operation of a thermal boiler

. Hygienic cleanliness - minimum ash in the combustion chamber and soot in the heat exchanger and chimney ;

. A drastically reduced amount of substances hazardous to health contained in smoke compared to "classic" solid fuel boilers ;

. Long duration of burning of one bookmark, the interval between which can be up to 16 hours .

How will pellet boilers "answer"?

As the name suggests, such heating units operate on pellets, that is, compact pellets made of wood of a cylindrical (usually) shape.

The principle of fuel combustion is direct combustion, as in an ordinary fire or fireplace. Wood pellets are burned on a special burner in a separate chamber.

Pellet boilers compare favorably with pyrolysis boilers in an extremely convenient way of supplying fuel. The main part of this sometimes unsafe work for a person is performed by automation. The owner of the boiler only pours the portions of pellets into a special storage - a hopper connected to the boiler. Then the screw conveyor comes into play, which delivers the required amount of fuel pellets from the tank to the combustion chamber.

Pellet boiler silos vary greatly in their capacity. So, the owner of a storage with a volume of 12 cubic meters (this is about 8 tons of pellets!) Can make one maximum backfill and not "bother" with this issue during the entire heating season! But such "hangars" in conjunction with automation significantly add to the price of all equipment, so the choice, as always, is yours - a huge "pyrolysis" efficiency or pellet "autocomfort".

Pellet boilers of the Pyrolysis Master brand have long been known in the Russian market for solid fuel boilers and enjoy a well-deserved popularity due to their reliable and efficient design. In this article, the portal site shares with our readers an overview of the updated classic line of the "PELLET" series, working on pellets of any quality, with the definition of their technical advantages and field of application.

The modern level of development of options for the designs of pellet boilers practically excludes the possibility of any revolutionary innovations. Therefore, the developers in the updated series of boilers paid special attention to increasing the level of operating comfort, efficiency and durability, packing all the developments into a new modern boiler design.

The result was the serial production of a line with a very attractive set of advantages, the combination of which favorably distinguishes this brand in our market.

Below we will try to give a more detailed overview of all the innovations that, in our opinion, can be noted as significant and worthy of the attention of the end user and professionals of the heating market.

Let's start with the first thing that catches your eye - as a result of the update, the boiler received a new appearance and began to correspond to the best European counterparts. The lineup benefited from this update, but we suggest moving on through the article to find out more and more benefits.

Let's start with boiler automation. The new controller, developed in Germany, is configured not only manually through an electronic panel with a digital screen built into the boiler, but also via SMS messages, the Internet or a room thermostat installed in one of the heated rooms. This range of possibilities gives the consumer maximum comfort from use. However, modules for remote control of the boiler operation modes are not included in the basic configuration and are ordered with the purchase of the boiler as additional options. In fairness, it should be noted that the basic configuration allows you to fully operate the boiler and for additional comfort options the manufacturer does not force his client to overpay, but only gives such an opportunity to everyone.

Now let's talk a little about the updated burner of the pellet box in question - the developers of the brand also made significant improvements to the design of the burner device, which affected the strength properties, which made it possible to increase the service life of this module. This argument will be especially important for enterprises that seriously think about the depreciation of their equipment. The metal thickness of all surfaces exposed to direct flame has been doubled, which has a positive effect on durability and reliability. Now the service life of the pellet burner fully corresponds to the service life of the boiler itself.

Improved air supply through the through holes of the cast-iron surfaces of the burner tray, as well as the increased area of ​​the hearth (horizontal surface of the burner) made it possible to bring the depth of combustion of pellets to 100% and, which is extremely important, opened the practical possibility of operating the boiler on fine-grained fuel of any quality. For the consumer, this means one thing - now boilers of this brand can be operated on pellets of any quality, purchasing even the cheapest ones available in your region. For the sake of objectivity, it is worth noting that this omnivorousness has the only limitation - the lack of the possibility of uninterrupted operation on straw pellets. However, like straw pellets, there are no pellet boilers on the domestic market that would efficiently burn fuel with such a high ash content, therefore our remark does not apply to the mass market of pellet equipment and can be relevant only for the specialists who are most immersed in the subject matter.

For the most curious, we propose to study the video, which reflects the process of the new burner.

Video work burners:

On this, for the sophisticated reader who constantly monitors the market novelties, the overview of innovations in the PELLET series can be considered exhausted. For the rest, who are not indifferent to the topic raised, we propose to move on through the text - we will share with you a general overview of pellet boilers of the Pyrolysis Master brand and the whole set of advantages that we were able to note for ourselves.

Updated Pyrolysis MasterPELLET 15-500

The development of the complete boiler series was completed two years ago and now consists of 15 models with a capacity of 15-500 kW. Such a wide range of possible thermal power allows the installation of this thermal equipment for heating buildings of various purposes with a heated area of ​​up to 5 thousand square meters. meters, and with a cascade installation without limiting the size of buildings.

Any boiler plant of this model range structurally consists of:

• a hot water boiler with a developed heat exchanger and a large heat carrier capacity;
• a metal hopper for loading pellets;
• twin-screw transport device;
• pellet burner with blower fan;
• safety devices and automated control.

For efficient heating of the coolant, a five-way heat exchanger, unique for the Russian market, is installed inside the boiler. Its enlarged convective part allows boilers of this brand to boast of the highest efficiency, and due to the large capacity of the coolant, the boiler is able to act as a buffer tank (heat accumulator) in the heating system. Also, the large capacity of the coolant allows you to additionally guarantee the exclusion of the possibility of boiling water in the boiler.

Scope of boilers Pyrolysis Master PELLET 15-500

Steel pellet boilers of this model range are designed for operation in water heating systems with forced circulation of the coolant and for heating water in boilers for indirect or combined preparation of hot water. The limiting temperature for heating the coolant is 90 degrees Celsius at an operating pressure in the jacket of no more than 2.0 kg / cm2.

The choice of the required number of boilers and their power is based on a thermal calculation, depending on the amount of heat loss and hot water consumption.

Fuel used

The burner for solid fuel boilers of the PELLET series provides efficient combustion of dry granular pellets of any quality made from wood and agricultural waste, peat, waste paper and other raw materials. The use of sunflower husks, shavings, sawdust, etc. is allowed as associated fuels.

The scope of delivery of the extended DUO series includes a cast iron grate, which allows burning ordinary firewood without additional intervention in the structure of the furnace.

Line design features

Heat exchangers are made of low-alloy steel of the boiler class with a thickness of at least 6.0 mm, due to which the design life of the furnace is at least 15 years. Inside the two-layer structure of the case, there is a non-combustible thermal insulation that prevents heat losses to the surrounding space.

The spatial geometry of the heat exchanger provides a five-way passage of hot combustion products along the heating surfaces. In this case, the heated coolant rises from the bottom up, gradually moving from the "cold" zone to the hotter one.

The large area of ​​convective heating surfaces allows to obtain a very efficient heat removal and to ensure the operation of the boiler plant with an efficiency factor of up to 92%. For the consumer, such a mode of operation of the equipment means a great practical saving of fuel and a decrease in the cost of heating the building.

Maintenance of the furnace and cleaning of soot deposits are carried out through convenient service hatches, the installation of which is provided for by the design.

Fuel hopper and screw conveyor

The bunker body is welded from sheet steel and is equipped with an opening loading door in the upper part. In the lower part of the structure, there is an unloading window for feeding the pellets to the screw conveyor. During the development of the boiler plant, the volume of the fuel bunker for the basic configuration was selected so that one full load of fuel was sufficient to ensure the operation of the boiler at the rated heat load for 12-24 hours. However, if you wish, you can order the delivery of a bunker with a volume of up to 10 cubic meters. meters inclusive, which will significantly increase the time of non-stop burning.

The location of the fuel compartment in relation to the position of the boiler is permissible from either side and is negotiated when placing an order for the equipment. This solution makes it possible to organize convenient loading into the bunker, even in cramped boiler rooms.

The pellets are fed for combustion by means of two rotating augers, which are located at different heights in special transport channels. Such a spatial position with an air gap between the devices provides an increased level of safety and completely excludes the breakthrough of the flame from the furnace into the hopper with a possible stop of the rotation of the augers.

During operation, the pellet pellets fall onto the upper auger and, with its help, are transferred to the lower feed mechanism, which moves them to the combustion chamber for combustion. The augers work is automated and controlled separately.

Burner design

Horizontal retort burners, already proven by time and international experience (such an architecture of the burner is widely used in boilers manufactured in Western Europe), migrated to the updated series, having received reinforced with a greater thickness of the walls of the furnace chute.

All surfaces in contact with the flame are made of high-temperature cast iron and are capable of providing a long service life.

To ensure complete combustion of the fuel, the bottom part of the burner has been increased, as well as the density of the combustion air supply channels. Automated burner operation is performed depending on the required capacity of the boiler plant. In addition, forced air injection into the burner increases the pressure of flue gases inside the furnace and contributes to their better removal into the atmosphere.

TO the design features of the burner should include:

• the presence of automatic ignition;
• the possibility of using additional types of fuel;
• mechanical removal of ash and ash residues as they are deposited;
• the use of thick metal, which increases the service life.

Summing up the results of acquaintance with the burner device, we can say with confidence that the developers managed to achieve the level of European analogues in this design and this trough-type device is able to provide very efficient and practical operation of the boiler during the combustion of various types of solid fuel in the form of a pellet fraction.

Automation level during operation

The automatic control system in boilers of the PELLET series is manufactured at a German microelectronics plant built in Poland. Today, this enterprise manufactures all types of automated systems for controlling solid fuel boilers from European manufacturers. The installed base kit is able to provide regulation:

• boiler performance based on the set air temperature in the room and data from the control of the temperature of the coolant;
• the amount of fuel supplied by turning on the rotation of the augers;
• the amount of combustion air through the fan control;
• work of the circulation circuit;
• the level of heating hot water for household needs in indirect heating boilers.

As part of additional operational capabilities, it can be equipped with electronic boiler control units via digital communication channels. Also, the consumer has the opportunity to complete the boiler with a room thermostat installed in the room to control the temperature without leaving the bedroom or office.

Pellet boilers "Pyrolysis Master" for heating buildings

The new series of pellets covers the possibility of operation in hot water heating systems for buildings of any size. Below we have tried to give a brief overview of the groups of areas of application.

Pellet boilers for cottages 100 - 500 sq. m:

This group of very popular household pellet machines includes five models with a thermal output of 15 to 50 kW and is designed to heat the circulating heat carrier in private houses, summer cottages, cottages, as well as small retail facilities and production workshops with a heated area of ​​up to 500 m2.

The steel bunker for storing and supplying fuel, included in the factory delivery, is able to ensure the operation of the boiler at maximum heat load for 12-24 hours. The manufacturer, however, is ready to offer a complete set of a cat with an oversized bunker for those buyers who need a longer autonomous operation of the boiler from one fuel load. Storage of fuel stocks should take place in a fireproof and dry room separate from the boiler.

To remove combustion products, it is necessary to have a chimney with a design section and height. It can be installed separately, attached to an external wall or integrated into the building structure.

The complete automated control system is designed to operate the boiler without ensuring constant human control. The user just needs to set a certain operating mode, fill the pellets into the hopper and give the command to ignite the burner. After that, the boiler will switch to automatic mode, and will provide the heating system with thermal energy constantly, provided that the fuel tank is replenished in a timely manner.

Pellet boilers for rooms from 400 to 1500 sq. m

Five hot water pellet boilers of average performance are recommended for use in heating systems of public, industrial and commercial buildings with a heated area of ​​up to 1500 m2, as well as heating hot water used for industrial purposes.

The main argument in favor of this choice for commercial and industrial enterprises is the high economic performance of this power group. In boilers of this subgroup, due to the maximum efficiency (87-92%), a decrease in the costs of purchasing pellets is noticeable, due to lower consumption, in comparison with boilers with a 2-3-way heat exchanger. The maximum efficiency in the class, due to the 5-way heat exchanger, makes it possible to reduce the consumption of pellets and heating costs by 10-20%.

In addition, the high level of automation makes it possible to refuse from the work of permanent maintenance personnel during the heating season.

Pellet boilers for buildings from 2000-5000 sq. m and more

Five of the most powerful boilers with an output of 200 to 500 kW can be used in heating systems of industrial and commercial buildings of large areas. Their installation must be carried out by certified heating companies with approvals from self-regulating construction organizations on the basis of approved design solutions.

The combustion products must be removed through a free-standing chimney of the design cross-section. It is allowed to connect several boilers of different power to such a pipe.

The storage of fuel stocks should be carried out in a separate room or in a large storage bunker, which is connected to the operational bunker of the boiler through an automated transport system. The OEM is ready to complete the system with auger conveyors and large metal storage bins.

Loading of the basic operational bunker ensures the operation of the equipment for 12-24 hours at rated load. At the request of the customer, its dimensions can be increased to 5 or 10 thousand liters.

Some conclusions

In the architecture of pellet boilers of the Pyrolysis Master trademark, the designers managed to implement a whole range of successful engineering solutions.

High efficiency resulting from the installation of a five-way heat exchanger, an omnivorous tray-type retort burner and a high level of quality automation.

These stars on the pagons of the design of the boilers of the considered brand allow the boilers of this brand to be on the same step not only with such Russian brands as FACI or ROTEX, but also boldly displace many European brands imported into the country and offered for completely different money. However, the choice is up to the consumer and we are very glad that in the conditions of the modern market economy, the buyer has the freedom of this choice.

Thanks to everyone who paid attention to our survey work and read it to these lines. We hope we were helpful to you !!

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For many owners of country houses, one of the main tasks is to reduce the cost of their maintenance. This is especially true for those buildings where sewage, heating and water supply systems operate autonomously. In the heating system, the installation of a solid fuel boiler on pellets helps to reduce the cost of providing the house with the necessary amount of heat.

Such boilers have appeared relatively recently, but have already managed to occupy their niche in the market of boiler equipment. Consumers are attracted by the relatively low cost of pellet boilers, the availability of fuel material and ease of maintenance, due to the automation of the heating process. As fuel, pellets are used, which are granules consisting of wood waste: pressed wood debris, chips, shavings.

Design and principle of operation

The pellet boiler consists of a fuel hopper, automation and burner. Pellets are delivered through an external screw to the pre-furnace, and from it through the internal screw they are fed to the burner nozzle. After the granules hit the nozzle, there is automatic ignition and the supplied pellets are burned completely.

In terms of calorific value, combustion of 1 kg of pellets is comparable to half a liter of diesel fuel and amounts to 5 kW / h. If we compare it with wood, then due to the high density of the pellets, their combustion occurs much more efficient and productive, excluding the possibility of spontaneous combustion. In addition, ash cleaning can be done much less frequently, reducing this process to once a week. By using pellets as fuel, carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere are reduced, which leads to a decrease in the greenhouse effect.

Installation of a pellet boiler requires compliance some rules thanks to which it will be possible to avoid possible alterations during its operation:

• it is more expedient to install the boiler in a separate room, for example, a basement or an annex;
• the flooring in the boiler room must be made of ceramic tiles or concrete;
• in the room that will be used as a boiler room, there must be enough free space to be able to repair and maintain the boiler;
• the room must be dry, well ventilated, with a constant temperature in the range of +10 0 C.

An important indicator for any type of boiler equipment is its Efficiency... In order to more clearly understand the efficiency of a pellet boiler, let's compare it with other equipment used to heat a house. So the efficiency of wood is within 35%, natural gas - 87.1%, electric energy is 97%, and burned pellets in the range from 86% to 93%, depending on the model of the pellet boiler.

This material will help to make a solid fuel boiler:

Automatic control mode

Pellet granules are stored in free-standing bunker which is connected to the combustion chamber. Automation allows you to set a weekly program for feeding pellets into the boiler. In addition, according to the established program, the automation will turn on or off the burner, which saves fuel consumption and maintains the set temperature depending on the time of day. Control can be done either with the remote control or using the buttons on the display.

The hopper with a volume of 200 to 300 liters provides continuous operation of the boiler for three days. For uninterrupted operation of the average boiler power in the range of 25 kW, the daily rate is 5 kg. It is possible to install an external hopper, which will significantly increase the volume of pellet loading, thereby increasing the operating time of the boiler without your intervention. Responsible for burner operation control system, pellets are fed into the combustion chamber in small batches, which excludes the possibility of overheating. If you need to turn off the boiler, after pressing the function button, its operation will automatically stop after 5-10 minutes, which is required for the complete combustion of the loaded batch of pellets.

Environmental Safety

Thanks to special design of pellet boilers, nothing threatens the ecology of your premises. In them, the circuit through which the air is supplied for complete combustion of the fuel is located separately from the circuit through which the room is heated. Due to this design, there is no " burnout»Oxygen and therefore you will always feel comfortable. Some users additionally take air from the boiler room, thereby dehumidifying and ventilating it. In addition, to advantages a pellet boiler includes the following factors:

• energy saving and low noise fan, is able to provide uniform efficient circulation of warm air;
• low power consumption, within 60 watts, for the operation of automation and fan;
• small amount of ash and soot, in comparison with solid fuel boilers;
• the boiler drum does not heat up, therefore, it is absolutely safe for animals and small children;
• implementation automatic fuel loading from the bunker;
• intelligent control system, timer and thermostat control and ensure continuous operation of the boiler, depending on the set program.

Disadvantages of pellet boilers

Speaking about the advantages of this type of solid fuel boilers, it is worth mentioning their disadvantages.

• despite the fact that pellets are made from woodworking waste, the unit of heat generated will cost more when compared with wood-fired boiler equipment;
• storage of pellets is required in a dry room, since under the influence of moisture they begin to swell and fall apart, which causes the augers to clog
• for work offline in remote suburban areas you will need to purchase a generator and additional equipment, what can make purchasing a pellet boiler an expensive pleasure;
• pellet consumption per month can be about 1 ton... Knowing the price of pellets in your region, it is not difficult to calculate how much it will cost you to heat a country house in winter. As practice shows, your costs will be comparable to using electric boilers and will exceed costs if you use natural gas as fuel.

A couple of years ago, long-burning solid fuel boilers were "unaffordable" at a price for a common man in the street. Today the situation has changed, and more and more people want to buy such a "miracle of technology". As you know, demand creates supply. Solid fuel boilers for long burning began to be made not only by factories with ten years of experience, but also by local "Kulibins" in garages. In the article, we will try to figure out how such boilers work, how to choose a boiler and what you should pay attention to.

Solid fuel boilers for long burning are divided according to the type of combustion:

1. Normal (classic).
2. Pyrolysis (gas generating).

By type of fuel:

1. Pellet.
2. Coal - wood burning.

Working time from 8 to 48 hours.

• does not depend on electricity;
• profitability;
• availability;
• unpretentiousness in fuel;
• ease of maintenance.

• Efficiency up to 70%;
• requires additional expensive equipment for temperature control;
• frequent cleaning.

Working time from 12 hours to 7 days.

• Efficiency 90 - 92%;
• long time intervals between fuel inserts;
• fully regulated;
• completely burns fuel (minimum cleaning);
• environmental friendliness;
• security.

• requires an electricity connection;
• fastidious about fuel;
• price;
• short-lived.

Working time up to several weeks.

• the longest duration of work;
• minimal maintenance and cleaning;
• great fuel economy;
• Efficiency up to 96%;
• automatic control.

• dependence on electricity;
• whimsical to fuel;
• price.

Pellets are small, cylinder-shaped granules made from waste wood, peat, straw, etc.

Pellet boilers - use the pyrolysis method of fuel combustion.

Pellet boilers are installed in parallel with the installation of automatic and semi-automatic fuel supply from a built-in or external bunker. This allows the boiler to work from several hours to several weeks, according to a programmed scheme. The duration of operation in automatic mode is limited only by the availability of fuel.

Interesting - a review of the pellet boiler model EKO-GT KPP.

Simple (or classic) and pyrolysis combustion

In a solid fuel boiler of long burning, firewood, coal, etc. are burning. Let it be a manual or other fuel filling. This process is known to any student who made fires. But we will consider pyrolysis (or gas-generating) combustion in detail.

Pyrolysis combustion occurs at a minimum of oxygen and high temperature, when the fuel decomposes into gas and a solid residue with the release of heat. Pyrolysis gas, when combined with oxygen, produces a long and efficient combustion process.
Pyrolysis takes place in three stages.

In the combustion chamber of the boiler, the wood is dried up and at a temperature of 450 ° C, the release of wood gas begins. Further, the pyrolysis gas merges with air, which is supplied through a telescopic pipe. The air flow is generated by a fan in the boiler. The gas mixture burns at t = 560 ° C.

Combustion raises the temperature in the boiler as much as possible up to 1100 ° C where the pyrolysis gas is afterburned. The pyrolysis time is long, therefore, the boiler efficiency increases.

For pyrolysis combustion in the boiler, there are gates. Initially, the boiler operates in normal mode, and when the set temperature is reached, fuel is fed into it, and using a gate, an effective pyrolysis combustion mode is established. Pyrolysis combustion is easily controlled, which makes it possible to automate pyrolysis boilers.

Fuel loading methods

1. Manual - everything is clear here, they opened the combustion chamber, loaded firewood or coal, and closed it. Cleaned from soot and tar. Everything. The boiler continues to run.
2. Semi-automatic - (pellet and some pyrolysis) boilers.
3. Automatic - (only pellet boilers).

Please note that if the boiler passport says, for example, continuous combustion up to 8 hours, then this is the calculation of combustion "on" coal, but if you use firewood (oak), then the combustion process wakes up half as much, that is, about 4 hours. And even less on wood from pine.

When buying a boiler, pay attention to material of which the case is made- it is cast iron or steel.

Cast iron - the high temperature resistance of cast iron and durability allows the use of cast iron boilers for burning any type of solid fuel, including coke, coal, wood and pellets.

Minus - he is afraid of sudden changes in the temperature of the coolant (in case of improper make-up or an accident). Fragile, not suitable for repair (only partially - sectional or complete replacement).

Steel - whimsical to fuel (I would not advise to "heat" them with coal and coke). It is necessary to pay additional attention to the thickness (5-6 mm), and the grade of steel. Not afraid of temperature changes, suitable for repair (electric welding).

Advice - when choosing a boiler, do not strive to buy the longest burning one.

First, it will be very expensive. Choose a boiler that runs on one "tab" of fuel, preferably wood, for 8 - 12 hours. We laid firewood in the morning, cleaned it (15 -20 minutes), and boldly left for work or go about our business. In the evening (at night) they laid firewood, cleaned the boiler and that's it, until morning.

Secondly, you still have to come to the boiler room a couple of times a day to monitor the operation of the boiler.

We hope our advice will help you make a smart choice when buying a long-burning solid fuel boiler.

2017-03-28 Evgeny Fomenko

Pyrolysis - what is it?

In the context of heating equipment, pyrolysis is understood as the release of volatile gases during the combustion of fuel. The greatest intensity occurs at temperatures above 450 degrees and a lack of oxygen. This is taken into account in the design of pyrolysis boilers, which have two combustion chambers and a controlled oxygen supply.

In one chamber, the fuel burns directly, and in the second, emitted gases. This allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of equipment in comparison with classic solid fuel boilers. It is necessary to put fuel into pyrolysis-type devices only 2-3 times a day. To select the best pyrolysis boiler for long burning, consider the possible configurations.

Design features and types of boilers

Number of contours

By the number of circuits, pyrolysis boilers are single-circuit, double-circuit and multi-circuit. Single-circuit are designed only to provide heating of the room. In order to provide DHW with their help, it is necessary to additionally purchase an indirect heating boiler.

Double-circuit models simultaneously heat the room and heat water for domestic use. They differ in more complex design, installation and high price. Such equipment is suitable for a home in which they permanently reside. Sometimes there are multi-circuit boilers in which there are more than two circuits. An additional circuit can be used, for example, to provide a warm floor.

Body material

The body of the pyrolysis boiler can be steel or cast iron. Steel boilers are lighter and cheaper. They are easier to transport and install. More expensive cast iron models are more reliable. Cast iron is corrosion resistant and free of welds. The downside is the fragility of the material, with a sharp temperature drop, it can crack.

Top burning

A separate type is upper combustion pyrolysis boilers with cyclic fuel filling. Such models can work on one portion for up to a day. This is achieved due to the fact that a larger amount of firewood is laid, and only the top layer always burns or smolders. Only high-quality, well-dried solid fuels should be used here. The peculiarity of use is that until the last bookmark burns out, we cannot add firewood.

Principle of operation

According to the principle of operation, convection and air-heating models are distinguished. Convection boilers heat the coolant, which is subsequently carried by pumps to radiators, which may be located in different rooms.

Air heating devices are designed to directly heat the air in the room. They are more often used in industrial production facilities and in small houses with 1-2 rooms.

Dependence on electricity

Non-volatile models are equipped with a mechanical control panel. Easy to maintain and reliable. Electronically controlled boilers need electricity to operate. Their advantage is more precise tuning. Some models are sold without a control panel. It is purchased separately depending on the needs.

Pellet boiler control panel Atmos

Fuel types

Firewood

One of the most efficient types of fuel for pyrolysis boilers is wood. They have a very high percentage of the release of volatile substances, which is required for the pyrolysis process. It is important to select dried wood, this parameter greatly affects the efficiency.

The wood-fired boiler produces the least amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Also, on firewood, the duration of the equipment is long, due to the absence of sulfur in them, which has a destructive effect on the body of the device. When purchasing, it is important to choose the appropriate size of the bars. For this, the depth of the firebox is measured with a tape measure.

Coal

Coal can vary greatly in purity, and therefore in heat transfer. The most expensive and efficient brown coal. When smoldering, it produces the largest amount of gas. Coal is in second place and anthracite is in third place. When fired with coal, the boiler will wear out faster due to its sulfur content, which leads to corrosion.

Pellets

Pellets

Pellets are granules that are produced from shredded waste. The raw materials for them can be sawdust, peat, paper, straw and so on. They are environmentally friendly; no chemicals are used in their production. Modern pellet boilers are equipped with an automatic fuel loading system as required.

Model selection

Termico pyrolysis 12 kW

One of the most popular models. It has one circuit, power 12 kW and can heat up to 120 square meters of floor space. Open type combustion chamber. Steel heat exchanger, electronic control panel. The thickness of the metal from which the boiler is made is 5 mm.

It can work with almost any type of solid fuel and wood with a moisture content of up to 40%. The depth of the furnace allows you to place bars up to 37 cm long. The time to enter the pyrolysis mode is about 10 minutes. Installation type floor-standing, dimensions 478 * 1126 * 981 mm, weight 170 kg.

Pyrolysis boiler Termico

Bourgeois-K MODERN-12

Domestic devices Bourgeois-K are manufactured in Kharkov and have proven themselves well in work. Power 12 kW, has one circuit, is capable of heating up to 120 sq. m at home. Non-volatile with mechanical control panel. Large firebox with a volume of 30 liters and a depth of 40 cm, which allows loading long pieces of wood.

The grate is made of cast iron. Fuel consumption 1.2 kg per hour. It has the ability to additionally connect a heating element to maintain the temperature of the coolant in the event of the end of solid fuel. Installed on the floor, dimensions 718 * 459 * 560 mm, weight 87 kg.

Boiler Bourgeois-K MODERN-12

WATTEK PYROTEK 30

Pyrolysis boiler WATTEK PYROTEK 30 with a heat output of 30 kW and one circuit. Has a closed combustion chamber. Electronic control with display in Russian. It has several operating modes: standard, summer, with DHW priority. Steel primary heat exchanger. Works with wood fuel only. Dimensions 530 * 1145 * 915 mm.

Boiler WATTEK PYROTEK 30

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