September 3, 2016
Specialization: professional in the field of construction and renovation (a full cycle of finishing works, both internal and external, from sewerage to electrics and finishing works), installation of window structures. Hobby: see the column "SPECIALIZATION AND SKILLS"

It is no secret that external insulation of walls of a house or apartment is more effective than internal insulation. By installing materials with low thermal conductivity outside, we not only reduce the heat loss of the building, but also normalize the humidity regime, providing natural ventilation of the room and preventing the formation of condensation inside the house.

There are many technologies for insulating finishing, among them there are quite simple ones that are available for do-it-yourself implementation. In any case, I managed to cope with such work on my own, without involving outside specialists. I will describe successful examples of the implementation of insulation in the article below.

Two options for insulation

Reducing the thermal conductivity of the wall enclosure is one of the ways to reduce the heat loss of the building as a whole. And this is not only about improving the microclimate by increasing the temperature in the house or apartment.

From my own experience, I know that even a thin layer of insulation on the walls can significantly save on heating the room. In private houses, this savings will be more noticeable by reducing the consumption of heat carriers, but in an apartment with central heating we will also feel the financial effect - at least due to the fact that in the cold season we do not have to spend money on additional heating, and in the summer heat - for air conditioning.

Today, experts practice different types of thermal insulation work, the main difference between which is:

• in the method of installing heat-insulating material;
• in the insulation that is used.

And if there are quite a lot of materials on the market, I performed insulation of the outer walls with polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, mineral wool, ecowool, etc. - then there are only two installation methods that are fundamentally different from each other. They are conventionally called wet and dry - according to the finishing method:

Methodology	Peculiarities
Wet	Thermal insulation panels made of synthetic material or mineral fiber are glued to the prepared substrate and additionally fixed using mechanical fasteners. After that, the surface is plastered, putty and treated with decorative compounds.
Dry	On load-bearing surfaces, it is mounted from a wooden bar or steel profile. Heat-insulating material is laid in the cells of the frame. Most often, mineral wool is used for this, but sometimes, in order to save money, they take foam with a density of about 20-25 kg / m3. Cladding is mounted on top of the insulating layer - siding, lining, block house, etc. Sometimes a false wall made of decorative bricks is erected as a cladding.

By and large, it is the finish that determines which method we will use:

• if we want to plaster and paint the walls of the house, then wet technology is used - with foam or polystyrene;
• and if we want to sheathe it with siding or imitation of a bar, then we mount a heater with a frame, be sure to leave a gap inside for ventilation.

Both techniques have a right to exist, and therefore below I will describe in detail my own experience of their implementation, adding some useful tips from master finishers.

Wet technology

How to insulate?

"Wet" insulation assumes that we stick heat-insulating boards on a pre-treated wall and then plaster them. A wide variety of materials can be used for this process, and I will describe the most commonly used below:

1. Polyfoam is the cheapest, but at the same time the most demanded variety. Most often it is used for thermal insulation of outbuildings, as well as for insulation of the facade of high-rise buildings. The thing is that the mechanical properties of the material do not provide the thermal insulation layer with a sufficient margin of safety, because the facade of a private house will be regularly damaged during operation.

For work, we take exclusively architectural foam, with a density of about 25 kg / m 3. Construction varieties PSB-S 15 or PSB-S 10 do not have delivery strength, and packaging marks not only crumble under more or less intense impacts, but also differ in increased flammability. In general, this is the case when the savings are clearly impractical.

1. Expanded or extruded polystyrene is a more expensive alternative to foam panels. It differs in greater density, but at the same time it conducts heat worse and does not burn so intensely (or rather, it almost does not burn by itself, but melts when exposed to high temperatures). The price is higher than that of polystyrene, but at the same time the rise in price is compensated by the increase in the service life of the insulated facade.

1. Expanded polystyrene derivatives - Technoplex, Penoplex, Sanpol and analogues - have approximately the same list of advantages and disadvantages. Most of them are characterized by low thermal conductivity, therefore, for example, insulation brick house Penoplex thickness up to 100 mm allows to reduce overall heat loss by about 15 - 20%.

1. Mineral wool is another material that is used for "wet" thermal insulation. Unlike polymer boards, it does not burn or melt at high temperatures, provides natural ventilation and does not reduce the vapor permeability of walls, and retains heat well.

Many are interested in what density of mineral wool is optimal for plastering, and on this score I fully agree with the heating specialists: the minimum limit is approximately at the level of 50-65 kg / m3, and for a guarantee it is better to take products from 80 kg / m3. So the best choice is ISOVER Plaster Facade boards, ISOVER OL-Pe, etc.

Ultimately, the choice of material is determined by our financial capabilities. Yes, mineral wool is safer, more durable and more efficient, but if the choice is between no insulation at all and thermal insulation using foam, then, it seems to me, it is still worth gaining at least some kind of savings.

Preparing the walls

In order for the external wall insulation to firmly adhere to the base and effectively protect the building from heat loss, the walls themselves must be carefully prepared for work. I usually follow an algorithm like this:

1. The wall is cleaned of the old finish, since attempts to stick heat-insulating material on the old plaster end in the same way - the insulation falls off along with the fragments of the base and the decorative layer.

1. All cracks and cracks found under the plaster are repaired with a repair compound. Deep cracks are cleaned and sutured beforehand, which prevents their further expansion.
2. The wall is treated with several layers of a penetrating primer with antiseptic components - this not only improves adhesion to the insulating material, but also protects against the development of colonies of fungi in a warm and humid environment.
3. When preparing for insulation in panel houses, special attention is paid to sealing the seams: they are cleaned, embroidered and filled with special mastics that tightly seal all voids. The efficiency of thermal insulation works largely depends on the quality of the interpanel joints.

All work - and preparation, and insulation, and decoration - can be performed independently no higher than the second floor. For work at height, it is necessary to invite specialists who have the appropriate admission and who have at their disposal professional safety equipment.

Gluing and fixing the heat insulator

After preparing the base, you can glue the insulation for the outer walls. I proceed like this:

1. At the bottom of the wall, I fix a basement profile, the width of which corresponds to the thickness of the insulating material. I set the profile in level strictly horizontally, fixing with anchors buried in the wall by at least 40-50 mm.
2. I am preparing an adhesive composition based on the Ceresit CT-85 dry mix or its analogue. Powder with a high content of cement and plasticizers is poured into cool water (the proportions will be prompted by the manufacturer's instructions) and mixed at least twice using a mixer nozzle installed in an electric drill cartridge.

1. I lay the panel of heat-insulating material face down on the ground. On the seamy side, using a knife or a needle roller, I apply relief notches, which will provide increased adhesion with the adhesive composition.
2. I apply a glue mass to the insulation - a strip along the perimeter and several slides in the center of the panel.

1. I attach the panel to the wall, placing the bottom edge in the basement profile. I level the insulation and press it to the base for 30 - 45 seconds for initial polymerization.
2. I paste over the selected section of the wall according to the same scheme, placing the panels in a checkerboard pattern so that the joints between them do not coincide.
3. I drill holes with a diameter of 10 mm through the panels. Depth into the wall railing should be at least 50-60 mm. For reliable fixing, holes are needed at the corners of the panels, as well as one or two holes in the center.

The length of the drill used depends on the thickness of the insulating panels used for the cladding. In any case, it is useful to have at least two or three concrete drills with a length of 20 cm or more in a set of tools - they certainly will not be superfluous!

1. I drive plastic dowels with a poppet neck into the drilled holes. In this case, the wide part of the dowel should be recessed into the insulation by about 2-3 mm.
2. After installing the dowels, I fix them with special nails (express installation) or locking screws with a tapered point.

1. I fill the gaps between the panels with scraps of insulation, fixing them with an adhesive. I blow out small voids with self-expanding polyurethane foam.
2. I putty the seams and heads of the anchors, using the same mixture for sealing as for gluing.

Finishing

All insulation for the exterior walls of the house used for "wet" finishing must be protected from external influences. Most often, plastering technology with subsequent painting is used for this.

The technology of plastering for insulation has its own characteristics: we have to work with a not very strong base, therefore we cannot do without reinforcement to increase adhesion and improve mechanical characteristics:

1. The corners of the structure and all the joints of the planes are pasted over with perforated corners made of aluminum or plastic. If there is no corner, you can use a strip of reinforcing mesh.

1. Then, using a plaster mortar for facade decoration, I glue an alkali-resistant polymer mesh for outdoor use on all surfaces. For gluing, I use a spatula, with which I press the mesh into a thin layer of solution applied to polystyrene, polystyrene or mineral wool.

To avoid delamination, the mesh rolls are overlapped with an overlap of about 40-50 mm.

1. After partial polymerization of the composition with which the mesh was glued, I grout the surface. I grout with a plaster float without an abrasive element.
2. Then I apply a second leveling layer of facade plaster. After drying, I also rub it, but this time using a plaster mesh or sandpaper. During grouting, I smooth out all irregularities as much as possible, achieving a perfectly smooth surface.

1. Before finishing, the facade is grounded. For decorative plaster or lightweight facing material, use Ceresit CT-16, for painting - Ceresit CT-17.

After the primer has polymerized, I carry out the finishing - I paint the facade with pigments for outdoor work (using a roller or spray gun), revet it with decorative panels, fixing them with glue, or apply a layer of pre-tinted decorative plaster, forming an attractive relief on its surface.

Dry technology

Preparation of the base

For external thermal insulation of walls, other methods can be used, and one of the most popular is the arrangement of the so-called ventilated facade. This technology involves the installation of heat-insulating material under the cladding, fixed on a special frame, therefore, here it is also necessary to pay close attention to the preparation of the walls for finishing.

By and large, walls made of bricks with insulation are in contact in almost the same way as in the case of a "wet" finish. But a wooden house - from a log or a bar - is prepared a little differently:

1. To begin with, the wood is cleaned, which consists in removing all weakly adhering elements - chips, bark residues, etc. For a freshly built house, this operation is not mandatory, but it is better to clean the old rear ones.

1. The next step is sealing the joints. We take in our hands a special spatula, a hammer and caulk all the cracks - both the gaps between the crowns and the cracks in the logs or beams themselves, formed due to uneven drying. For caulking we use jute, linseed tow or special cords made from a mixture of natural and synthetic fibers.
2. After sealing the cracks, we treat the wood with an antiseptic. Under the layer of thermal insulation, we have an area with increased temperature and humidity, so it is very important for us to protect the tree from the effects of microorganisms, fungi and insects.

Installing the frame

Next, we proceed to the installation of the lathing on which the facing material will be held. It can be made either from a wooden bar impregnated with an antiseptic (it will be cheaper), or from a galvanized steel profile (it is more expensive, but it serves more and is less prone to deformation).

We work like this:

1. From the outside of the building, we install brackets on the wall, fixing them with anchors.
2. To reduce heat loss at the point of contact between the wall and the metal, we put either a layer of roofing material or a paronite gasket under the base of each bracket.

1. We choose the length of the bracket so that it is 10-20 mm more than the thickness of the thermal insulation panels used. This margin is necessary to organize the internal ventilation gap.
2. We install the beams or sheathing profiles on the brackets. Their location depends on how the finishing panels will be attached: for horizontal finishing we need a vertical frame and vice versa.

The use of a metal profile allows you to finish the wall with heat-insulating panels without cracks and gaps. In this case, the frame is attached to the brackets after the heat insulator has been installed.

1. When installing the battens, we control the position of its elements using a level and a plumb line. It is extremely important that a flat plane is formed - it depends on this how neat the facade cladding will look.

After completing this stage, you can proceed to the actual insulation.

Insulation and cladding

Thermal insulation of the outer wall of the house along the crate is carried out as follows:

1. We cut through the panels of heat-insulating material based on mineral fibers, forming holes in the places where the brackets pass.
2. We put the insulation on the brackets and press it tightly against the wall.

For additional strength of fixation, you can use adhesives, as well as umbrella dowels with metal locking screws.

1. An alternative to this method can be laying the rockwool panels in the crate cells, where the heat-insulating material will be held due to its own elasticity. In order for us to succeed, we need to think in advance about the placement of the frame parts, making the cell width equal to the width of the thermal insulation panel.

1. Another way of warming is spraying the so-called ecowool. This material is a loose cellulose fiber-based substance impregnated with glue. Ecowool is sprayed into the frame with the help of special pumps and forms a continuous layer with low thermal conductivity.

1. On top of the insulation, we mount a windproof membrane, which will prevent the wall from blowing out and reduce the risk of the insulation getting wet if the cladding loses its tightness. For wind protection, it is worth using special membranes with high vapor permeability: if we take ordinary polyethylene, then condensate will inevitably collect under it, moisturizing the insulation and reducing its effectiveness.
2. After that, we install the frame guides (if this was not done earlier) and attach the facade finish to them.

For cladding a ventilated facade on top of a thermal insulation layer, you can use:

• siding (PVC or metal);
• block house;
• false beam;
• durable lining;
• planken (wood panels that have undergone heat treatment);
• products from wood-polymer composite;
• corrugated board (suitable for outbuildings and production facilities);
• ceramic and porcelain stoneware panels, etc.

When choosing a finishing material, we focus on our financial capabilities, on the complexity of installation, as well as on the overall stylistic solution of the building. It is important that the facade looks attractive and lasts long enough, since we provide it with a basic level of energy efficiency even with the insulation hidden under the finishing!

Materials and tools - reference

Thermal insulation of walls is a rather laborious process, therefore it is worth taking on it only if it is properly equipped. And first of all, we should think about how we will work on the upper tier, because even in the case of a one-story house, the height turns out to be decent, and it will not be possible to glue insulation or plaster from the ground.

So first you need to either purchase or (preferably) rent suitable scaffolding or at least goats with a variable platform height.

In addition, we will need:

• perforator with a set of concrete drills and a chisel attachment;
• drill;
• screwdriver;
• foam knife;
• a set of spatulas for glue and plaster;
• brushes for priming and painting;
• measuring tool;
• saw for wood or scissors for metal for mounting the battens;
• graters with abrasive elements for surface grinding.

Naturally, each master will add something of his own to this basic set, but the minimum must be at our disposal!

Separately, it is worth talking about the cost of insulation. With a centralized conduct of facade thermal insulation works, their cost is calculated in accordance with the elemental estimate standards (the collection of GESN 2001-26 "Thermal insulation works" is used). But for private construction, the proposed method is unlikely to be suitable, therefore, when working independently, you need to start from the cost of materials first of all.

In the table below, I provide an indicative list of prices that you can use when budgeting for thermal insulation work:

Material	unit of measurement	Average cost, rubles
Mineral wool ISOVER plaster Facade, 1200x600x100 mm	packing 4 pcs.	1400 -1700
Polyfoam front PSB-S 25, 1000x1000x50 mm	sheet	170 – 220
Expanded polystyrene sheet, 1250x600x50 mm	sheet	180 – 220
Alkali-resistant facade mesh 160 g / m2, 1m	roll 50 m	1200 – 1600
Facade plaster corner	m.	45 – 70
Disc dowel 100x10 mm	100 pieces.	250 – 350
Ceresit CT 16 primer	10 l.	780 — 900
Knauf Diamant plaster	25 Kg	350 — 420
Adhesive for Ivsil Termofix-P expanded polystyrene	25 Kg	350 — 400
Windproof membrane for walls ROCKWOOL	70 m2	1500 — 1700
Sliding bracket for ventilated facade	PCS.	25 -35
Purlin profile, panel 3 m	PCS.	200 – 350
Vinyl siding, 3500x205 mm	PCS.	120 – 450
Facade porcelain stoneware, panel 60x60 cm	PCS.	500 – 1200
Larch block house, 22x90 mm	1 m2	650 — 1200

Conclusion

Effective insulation of the outer walls of a brick house, just like the thermal insulation of buildings made of wood or, provides us with the normalization of the microclimate and substantial savings in energy resources.

So if you do not want to overpay for heating (and in the summer - also for air conditioning!), Then you should think about how to equip the thermal insulation circuit yourself. A fairly detailed video in this article will help you with this, as well as practical advice (including mine), which you can get by asking a question in the comments.

During the construction and reconstruction of buildings, today much attention is paid to the insulation of building facades. Energy efficiency today is not just a fashion trend, but a vital necessity. It's not only about comfort, but also about significant financial savings. Especially the lack of high-quality insulation will be felt on their wallets by the owners of buildings with autonomous heating systems, and there are a lot of them in recent years. Thermal insulation of facades allows you to save on fuel costs and increase the service life of load-bearing structures. The outer walls have a large area, it is through them that the main heat losses go. That is why they are insulated in the first place; for this today, many external thermal insulation systems have been developed.

Ventilated facade systems

Thermal insulation of building facades is carried out today most often using basalt slabs. This material is characterized by low thermal conductivity, high density, durability, and non-combustibility. Their only drawback is their almost complete lack of visual appeal. In addition, the boards must be protected from precipitation, wind and vandalism. That is why systems have been developed that provide a comprehensive solution to the problems of insulation and aesthetic perfection of the facade. One of them is a hinged ventilated facade. It consists of thermal insulation, in the role of which are plates based on mineral fibers, a system of guides for fastening the facade material, steam and waterproofing. Various panel and slab materials, porcelain stoneware are used as cladding.

This system of thermal insulation of facades is characterized by simple installation, the ability to carry out work at any time of the year. Insulation plates are attached to the wall using disc dowels, they are reliably closed with a waterproofing film and do not absorb moisture, and the ventilation gap does not allow condensate to accumulate under the facade material.

External thermal insulation systems with surface plastering

Plaster is a popular facade material, but the need for external insulation of the building for a decade left it without the attention of builders. However, manufacturers of dry building mixtures have developed systems for external thermal insulation of facades with plastering of insulation boards. For this, adhesives were created that ensure the fixation of heat-insulating materials over the entire area of ​​the slab to the base, plasters with the required vapor permeability coefficient, and special paints. In order to prevent cracks from appearing on the plastered surface, thin reinforcing materials were created, which are distinguished by high strength and frost resistance. This is how the systems of wet thermal insulation of facades appeared.

What are the advantages of thermal insulation of the facade of a house with subsequent plastering? The decorative qualities of modern plasters impress even specialists. Their assortment is so diverse that it is not difficult to create an exclusive facade. At the same time, one should not forget that over the decade of the reign of ventilated facades, almost all new buildings have been "dressed" in porcelain stoneware or siding. The use of plaster allows you to stand out against their background, while maintaining respectability and practicality. The only drawback is that all wet processes must be carried out at temperatures above zero, and qualified specialists who are well familiar with this construction technology must be involved in the work.

In most regions of the country, it can be ensured by using only soft insulation with insufficiently studied durability in the climatic conditions of Russia. The cost of repairing such walls significantly outweighs the savings from reducing energy costs for heating buildings.

The SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings" put into effect instead of SNiP P-3-79 * did not solve the problems that had arisen, since it retains the same overestimated requirements for the heat-shielding qualities of the outer walls of buildings. A situation has emerged in which the new system of standardizing the heat-shielding qualities of external enclosing structures does not satisfy modern construction practice and restricts the use of new domestic heat-efficient, durable, fire-resistant ceramic, aerated concrete, polystyrene concrete, polyurethane foam (with fillers), lightweight claydite concrete mineral materials, alternative soft polystyrene foam. This and the requirements of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" necessitated the development of a new regulatory document on thermal insulation of buildings.

Standard STO 00044807-001-2006 was developed on the basis of the requirements of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation" in order to ensure safe living, recreation and work of citizens in the premises and to increase the durability of the walls with a rational level of heat-shielding qualities.

The standard uses a two-level principle of rationing the heat-shielding qualities of external walls:

1 - according to sanitary and hygienic conditions, which prevent the formation of condensation and mold on the inner surface of external walls, coatings, ceilings, as well as their waterlogging and frost destruction. Below this level, the heat-shielding qualities of the walls are prohibited.

The main ideology of technical regulation is the product safety system. The safety of the residence or work of citizens in the premises is characterized by the provision of the required sanitary and hygienic conditions under which there is no condensation, mold and waterlogging of the walls, as well as an increase in the relative humidity of the indoor air above the standard values. Sanitary and hygienic safety in the premises is ensured when designing by fulfilling the regulatory requirements for heat-shielding qualities, air and vapor permeability and other physical properties of fences, taking into account the climatic conditions of the construction area.

2 - from the conditions of energy saving and durability. The second level is set in order to save energy costs for heating buildings and reduce the cost of capital repairs of walls.

For the first time after 11 years of oblivion, the section "Durability of external walls of buildings" was introduced. In this section, the data presented allow a differentiated approach to the choice of building materials to ensure the required level of thermal insulation of the outer walls, taking into account the number of major repairs within the predicted durability.

The durability of the outer walls is ensured by the use of materials with adequate strength, frost resistance, moisture resistance, heat-shielding properties, as well as by appropriate design solutions that provide for special protection of structural elements made of insufficiently resistant materials. When developing external wall structures for a specific design solution of a building, it is necessary to be guided by the predicted durability and pre-repair service life. For example, predicted durability of external walls of buildings (monolithic and precast-monolithic up to 30 floors) with monolithic, reinforced concrete inter-window walls in the outer walls and large-sized hollow stones made of porous ceramics (at< 1000 кг/м3) полистиролбетонными, ячеистобетонными автоклавными блоками, огнестойкими пенополиуретановыми плитами повышенной плотности с наполнителями, минераловатными плитами из базальтового волокна повышенной жесткости, облицованных керамическим кирпичом или крупноразмерными плитами из природного и искусственного камня составляет 150 лет.

Predicted durability panel buildings up to 30 floors with external walls made of reinforced concrete load-bearing, self-supporting and hinged three-layer panels with insulation made of concrete floor and styrene, autoclaved aerated concrete, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, mineral wool slabs made of basalt fiber of increased rigidity is 125 years.

The same is the predicted durability of brick buildings with self-supporting or bearing external walls made of solid masonry with a facing brick layer of 1.5 - 2.0 bricks, insulated from the inside by spraying a certain brand of polyurethane foam with a layer thickness of 30 - 35 mm.

The predicted durability of the external walls of load-bearing and self-supporting solid masonry made of hollow ceramic and silicate bricks, insulated from the inside by spraying a certain brand of polyurethane foam with a layer thickness of 30 - 35 mm with floors made of reinforced concrete panels is also 125 years.

For the first time, the standard introduces a section on the duration of effective operation of various structures of external walls of buildings before the first major overhaul. So the duration of operation until the first overhaul of brick walls with a thickness of 1.5-2.0 bricks with a frost resistance of at least F35, a front layer of ceramic bricks with a frost resistance of at least F35, insulated with sprayed polyurethane foam in several layers with a thickness of not more than 30 - 35 mm is 65 years. With monolithic reinforced concrete, brick (F35) walls, insulated with polyurethane foam plates or spraying, faced with ceramic bricks with frost resistance of at least F35, the service life until the first overhaul is 50 years.

The standard allows for the same building in height to accept external wall structures with different pre-repair periods. When choosing a design for external walls, the standard requires the differentiated combination of the predicted durability laid down in the project, pre-repair periods with the required level of thermal insulation, a decrease in material consumption and load on the foundation.

The normative reduced resistance to heat transfer R 0 pr standards is established from the conditions of energy savings for heating buildings as a result of an increase in the level of heat-shielding qualities of external walls minus the cost of additional thermal insulation and major repairs within the predicted durability. The standard requires that the first major overhaul of external walls from the conditions of inadmissibility of violating the sanitary and hygienic safety of citizens' residence and energy saving is carried out with a decrease in RonpHOpM by no more than 35% in relation to the economically feasible at the moment or no more than 15% in relation to the required resistance to heat transfer for sanitary and hygienic conditions. Before the date of the first overhaul, a decrease in the level of heat-shielding qualities of the outer walls must be established according to the method of GOST 26254 and tests for thermal conductivity of selected insulation samples in accordance with GOST 7076. At the same time, the uniformity of the temperature fields of the walls along the facade must be recorded with a thermal imager in accordance with GOST 26629.

One of the sections of the standard is devoted to the resistance to air permeation of enclosing structures, which is not sufficiently reflected in the regulatory and technical literature. The normative values ​​of air permeability of external walls, ceilings and coatings of residential, public, administrative and service buildings and premises, as well as industrial buildings and premises are given.

External insulation systems for facades are special structures that protect walls from the cold. Currently, there are several approaches to solving this problem, so a wide choice often presents users with difficult choices.

There are many different systems for insulating facades on the market, each of which requires compliance with a number of rules and regulations - from the choice of materials to installation.

Advantages of external thermal insulation systems

External insulation is considered the most popular - it has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. Internal thermal insulation, of course, also plays an important role in construction, but its advantages are incomparable with external ones. An external thermal insulation system has many advantages.

Reducing environmental impact

External insulation protects the walls from overheating and hypothermia in any season of the year. As a result, the durability of the building increases, cracks do not appear on the facade, plaster does not peel off, and the seams do not depressurize.

The effect of moisture is excluded: in the presence of external thermal insulation, the destructive effect of snow and rain is significantly reduced. There are also no ice formations in the thickness of the wall surfaces due to capillary moisture and its condensation.

Condensation protection

In the cold season, it is not uncommon for the temperature of the facade walls to drop below the "dew point". As a result, condensation forms on the inner surfaces. The external insulation system of the facade prevents its appearance.

Smoothing or eliminating cold bridges

Outdoor facade insulation technology uses the accumulation of heat by the walls. As a result, the temperature of the coolant in the heating system decreases and the orientation of the building ceases to play a role - the temperature dependence disappears. "Cold bridges" are either smoothed out or disappear.

Due to heat insulators, the wall structures of the building look even, and various defects inherent in stone and concrete are hidden by a heater.

High noise absorption

Most insulation materials are considered good sound insulators. Their use reduces the noise coming from the street and creates a comfortable environment in the premises.

Durability

Although thermal insulating materials are constantly exposed to the environment, their production technology has long allowed the creation of products that serve for decades without losing their initial performance properties. 30-50 years is the average value of the service life for any high-quality insulation.

Classifications

To protect the heat-insulating layer from destructive and all-pervading atmospheric influences, various technologies of facade insulation have been developed. Today, there are several options for the system of external insulation of facades: wet and ventilated, siding, thermal panels, etc. Each technology is endowed with its own characteristic features.

Thermal insulation board

The efficiency of insulation works and the durability of the system largely depend on the facade slab. Facade insulation systems are made in two ways - contact and hinged. Contact methods - wet insulation, hinged methods -.

If we consider the issue from the point of view of cost, then as the most economical and at the same time effective technology for insulating facades, we can define thermal insulation systems with "wet method" protection of each subsequent layer of insulation.

Contact method

Contact insulation is based on the use of special plates made from different raw materials. It includes mineral wool, foam, cellular glass. For decoration, use a thin-layer decorative plaster.

Plastering has a protective and decorative function at the same time. Considering the quite acceptable cost of insulation, the facade becomes both beautiful and warm enough. The thermal insulation system of the facade is applicable for residential buildings, both long-existing and new buildings.

Such a facade makes it possible to reduce the values ​​of the thickness of the walls, and to increase them in terms of energy savings and noise insulation. The fire safety of the considered "wet facade" is also noted.

In addition, the "wet method" does not actually increase the load on the structure of the structure. When using this technology, there is an undeniable possibility of continuous thermal insulation, even despite the impressive area of ​​the facade.

Types of contact systems

The contact system of facade insulation is of two types - light and heavy wet method. In the latter case, the functions of the supporting structure are performed by a metal mesh, which is connected to the wall and insulation with fasteners (guy wires and spacers).

The light wet method consists in installing an insulating layer of facade panels with glue to the outer part of the wall. After fastening, the insulation material is again covered with glue, on top of which a reinforced glass fiber mesh is placed. If necessary, the plates are attached to the wall not only with glue, but also with dowels.

The load-bearing function lies on the heat-insulating facade slab. A reinforcing layer is distributed over the fiberglass mesh. As a rule, the total thickness of all layers is no more than 9 mm.

Benefits of an easy wet process

The advantage of facade insulation systems made using the light wet method lies in the location of the so-called "dew point" outside the wall. This eliminates the problem of "cold bridges" that can reduce thermal insulation.

Another plus - the living space is not reduced, because all the necessary work is done outside. Insulation materials are also versatile materials in terms of finishing. On their basis, it is possible to implement an aesthetically attractive architectural project of almost any complexity - for example, decorate walls with marble chips or tiles.

disadvantages

There are some disadvantages to this approach:

• foam has very low vapor permeability characteristics - sometimes this causes discomfort due to high humidity;
• the problem of the integrity of the external finishing of the facade during shrinkage processes is not solved, if the plaster layer functions for a cut;
• even with very low vapor permeability, the outer layer of the finish, as well as the adhesive, is saturated with moisture.

The installation of a contact system has its own characteristics. One of them is thorough preparation of the foundation.

If the structure is installed using the light wet method, the minimum ambient temperature must be at least 5 ° C. The low maintainability of local areas turns replacement into a time-consuming activity.

Hanging systems

Hinged facade insulation systems are considered more modern and they have many advantages over the contact method:

• their use makes it possible to reduce energy costs for heating by more than 1.5 times;
• no need to prepare the base before installation;
• can be installed at any time of the year;
• the service life is about 30 years.

Insulation plates in this case are attached to the surface mechanically - dowels or supporting elements are used. At a distance of 2-5 cm from the outer part of the heat insulator, there are elements of external decoration that perform two functions at once: the first is decorative, the second is protective.

The surface layer of the system is made of various materials - from stone and metal to ceramics and wood. You can decorate the facade with glass, which has become very popular in the decoration of office buildings. In this case, the insulation board is covered with a white or black glass fiber canvas. An important advantage of ventilated facades is the removal of moisture accumulated in the premises without forced ventilation.

For the manufacture of hinged facades, sandwich panels are often used - structures consisting of a heat-insulating core and 2 steel sheets. They are suitable for finishing both new and renovated buildings. Products from different manufacturers differ in color, size and other features. However, high-quality sandwich panels are united by high reliability, durability and wide functionality.

Advantages of complex systems for facades

When using facade insulation systems, the color scheme of the facade can be changed at any time. Taking into account the thermal insulation system of the facade at the design stage of the building saves on expensive building materials for the walls. The difference in the price of a medium-sized building with and without insulation is on average about 150 thousand rubles, but if you take into account the savings in heat, such a finish will pay off by reducing the payment for heating in 5-7 years.

If the structure is built of foam concrete, on the basis of the insulation system, it is possible to use a block, the thickness of which is 10-15 cm thinner. When erecting a brick structure, the fence structures are mounted in one brick and are 64 cm.

Standards

Everything that happens in the atmosphere, including the phenomena of the cycles of nature, and the consequences of man-made human activity, cause more and more drastic temperature changes, which is strongly reflected on the surfaces of structures and buildings. Without additional protection, facades gradually fall into disrepair under the aggressive influence of the environment.

As a result of this impact, the building cannot efficiently store heat during the cold season. Today in construction it is believed that regardless of what material the walls were built from, it is necessary to carry out auxiliary insulation with a material with a thickness of at least 50 mm.

According to Russian standards, for a brick-silicate wall built in 1.5 bricks, it is necessary to use a heater with a thickness of 100-120 mm. Such a house will fully comply with current energy efficiency requirements. Naturally, the market value of such a house with subsequent insulation using the technology of facade insulation increases almost 2 times, however, the insulated facade will subsequently bring serious savings on repairs and heating.

Insulation selection criteria

When selecting, it is necessary to take into account the type of wall material, thickness, architecture features and dimensions. Climate and weather conditions are also taken into account. The thickness of the insulation layer is determined by the building density of the area - a building that stands alone needs a larger layer of insulation than a house located in the central part of a densely populated village.

The thermal insulation layer in facade systems is made of extruded or ordinary polystyrene foam, as well as laminated or ordinary mineral wool. Both types of material are supplied in slabs. Mineral wool is made from glass, soda, limestone and sand. Its structure is represented by glassy thin fibers. Positively characterized by high vapor permeability.

Expanded polystyrene is a polymer with the following positive qualities: it does not enter into chemical reactions with other substances, is resistant to moisture and is not subject to decay and fungus. It is recommended for the insulation of base / plinth slabs. According to statistics of the last 3 years, consumers prefer expanded polystyrene systems as the cheapest material.

Mounting

You can install a facade insulation system with your own hands, however, specialists with experience will cope with this task faster. Insulation work involves several stages, after each of which it is necessary to check the absolute evenness of the surface, cleanliness and smoothness.

It is very important that there are no depressions and cracks on the surface of the walls - otherwise the finishing layer of the finish will not be continuous and the thermal insulation will become ineffective.

Differences in materials

The weather requirements are the same for mineral wool and expanded polystyrene. The technology in both cases is virtually identical, but only the fastening technique is different. Glue is applied to expanded polystyrene plates over the full surface, around the perimeter, or in "flat cakes".

In the case when a polymer insulation is fixed on the plastered walls, in addition to glue, dowels are used, at the rate of at least 4 per 1 m2. For mineral wool slabs, mechanical fastening is mandatory. Find the use of a dowel with a galvanized steel tip.

The next point that requires special attention is the hydrophobicity of mineral wool. On this basis, before applying the glue solution to the surface of the slab, it is pre-filled with an identical solution. Next, a layer of reinforcement must be applied to the thermal insulation plates, after setting it is primed with a plaster mass.

The plastering wall underlay protects the building for 6 months if work is suddenly suspended. Summarizes the procedure for applying the plaster itself. With direct application and drying of the plaster, the temperature indicators should vary in the range from + 5C to + 25C.

Thermal insulation systems for building facades, effective for houses and apartments:

• "BAUKOLOR A2" is a system of materials for insulating building facades; a non-combustible mineral wool plate (NG) is used as a heater. The system is used for all classes of buildings and structures up to 75 m high.
• "BAUKOLOR B1" is a system of materials for insulating the facades of buildings; expanded polystyrene PSB-S-F, fire hazard class K0, is used as a heater.

Thermal insulation systems "BAUKOLOR A2" and "BAUKOLOR B1" combine the properties of effective insulation and decorative coating in the style of classic plaster facades. Thermal insulation of a house, apartment or building facades using these thermal protection systems is the most optimal and perfect.

Not so long ago, few people knew what thermal insulation at home was and what it was intended for. However, now the insulation of premises, whether it is thermal insulation of a house, apartment or cottage, is one of the most popular types of finishing work. High-quality thermal insulation allows you to save on heating, creating a favorable microclimate.

The efficiency of the house facade insulation system

It is generally accepted that the heat loss through the outer walls is about 40%, the rest falls on the roof, windows and foundation. In the images taken with a thermal imager, you can see the difference in temperature differences in different parts of the facade of a stone building in comparison with the temperature of the outside air. In especially critical places, the difference reaches 120 ° C. The photographs show a panel building, insulated according to the principle of "insulation inside the enclosing structure" (well masonry). In such structures, the zones of freezing are interfloor concrete floors. In addition to intense heat loss, condensation forms in such places, leading to corrosion in steel reinforcement, brick destruction, as well as to the appearance of fungus and mold.

In the figure, you can see a thermal imager shooting the facade of a panel building before applying the thermal insulation system (photo on the left) and after (photo on the right). The dark homogeneous surface of the facade in the photo on the right indicates the absence of cold bridges and approximately the same outdoor temperature and the surface of the facade. So the effect is obvious.

Economic feasibility of insulation systems

In an environment where energy prices are characterized by steady annual growth, significant savings on heating in winter and air conditioning in summer are very attractive, especially for private developers.

For the implementation of projects using BauColor® products and technologies, we offer the services of our own construction department, as well as partner organizations of our company. We offer favorable price terms to our customers and guarantee high quality of work. You can get acquainted with the approximate cost of insulation using BAUKOLOR thermal insulation systems in the Price List section. You can get a more accurate calculation by filling out the form in the Cost calculation section.

Differences between the systems "BAUKOLOR A2" and "BAUKOLOR B1"

In principle, insulation systems differ in the type of material used for thermal insulation, and, accordingly, in physical and operational properties. In the BAUKOLOR A2 thermal insulation system, mineral wool slabs are used, for the manufacture of which basalt or diabase rocks are used (this is important, since the fiber obtained from these rocks is alkali-resistant). In the "BAUKOLOR B1" thermal insulation system, self-extinguishing polystyrene foam plates are used. Expanded polystyrene PSB-S-25 (F) belongs to the flammability class G1 – G4 according to GOST 30244-94, and its use as a heat-insulating material has certain limitations associated with the thickness of the slab, the height of the building, installation conditions, etc.

System "BAUKOLOR A2"

Application area:

The BAUKOLOR A2 thermal insulation system can be used: on buildings of 1, 2 and 3 degrees of responsibility, the height of residential buildings is up to 75 m inclusive.

Fastening.

Heat insulating material.
As a heat-insulating material, we use slabs of facade expanded polystyrene grade PSB-S-25F in accordance with GOST 15588-86, average density 15.1-18 kg / m³, flammability group G1-G4 in accordance with GOST 30244-94. The thickness of the slabs is set according to the project.

Reinforcement.

Final finishing.
In the BAUKOLOR A2 thermal insulation system, mineral plasters painted with acrylic or silicone paints, as well as silicate, siloxane and silicone decorative plasters, tinted in bulk, are used for final finishing.

HBW>
HBW>
HBW> 40 - mineral plasters.

System "BAUKOLOR B1"

Elements of the "BAUKOLOR A2" system

Application area

The BAUKOLOR V1 thermal insulation system can be used:

• on buildings of 1, 2 and 3 degrees of responsibility;
• on residential buildings with a height of up to 75 m inclusive (according to SNiP 2.01.02-85 and SNiP 21-01-97);
• operation at an average daily minimum temperature of the coldest five-day period of the year not lower than 55 ° С;
• in dry, normal, humid climatic zones;
• relative humidity of indoor air is not higher than 85%;
• the maximum thickness of the insulation is 200 mm.

Installation technology

The installation of the system is carried out in accordance with the installation instructions and the album "BAUKOLOR A2" and "BAUKOLOR B1" systems of external thermal insulation of building facades. Album of technical solutions for mass use. Code BK TSF2005 ".

Fastening
Plates made of heat-insulating material are fastened with the mineral compound "OK" 1000 WDVS-Spezialkleber, BauTherm SP, BauTherm AR and fixed using special facade driven or screw dowels approved for use in the system.

Heat insulating material
As a heat-insulating material, we use slabs of facade expanded polystyrene grade PSB-S-25F in accordance with GOST 15588-86, average density 15.1-18 kg / m3, flammability group G1-G4 in accordance with GOST 30244-94. The thickness of the slabs is set according to the project.

Reinforcement
Mineral composition "OK" 1000 WDVS-Spezialkleber, "OK" 2000 WDVS-Armierungsmortel or BauTherm AR is applied to the thermal insulation material and reinforced with an alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh.

Final finishing
In the BAUKOLOR B1 thermal insulation system, for final finishing, mineral plasters are used, painted with acrylic or silicone paints, acrylic, silicate and silicone decorative plasters, tinted in bulk.

In thin-plaster insulation systems, restrictions on the brightness or saturation of the finish coat are adopted, regulated by the Hellbezugswert HBW whiteness index. Below are the HBW values ​​for different types of materials tinted in colors that can be used in BAUKOLOR systems:

HBW> 20 - acrylic, siloxane, silicone paints and plasters;

HBW> 30 - silicate paints and plasters;

HBW> 40 - mineral plasters.

In the VISION 5000 color catalog, the HBW value is indicated on the back of each color.

The main document allowing the use of the system on the territory of Russia is the Technical Certificate for the BAUKOLOR A2 and B1 ROSSTROY systems No. TS-07-2123-08. According to this document, the BAUKOLOR A2 and BAUKOLOR B1 systems are intended for the insulation of facades: thermal insulation of the outer walls of buildings during new construction, restoration, reconstruction, major and current repairs of buildings and structures for various purposes, including the insulation of residential buildings, and also thermal insulation of buildings with increased (1), normal (2) and reduced (3) levels of responsibility.

In addition to the main purpose, insulation systems can solve the following tasks:

• reduce the thickness of the enclosing structures in new construction and reduce the load on the foundation;
• protect the metal in reinforced concrete walls from corrosion, eliminate the problems of repairing interpanel seams, protect against the appearance of mold and mildew by eliminating excess moisture and condensation inside the walls;
• reduce thermal deformation of the walls;
• eliminate the problems of efflorescence in brick and plaster walls;
• to reduce labor costs of external finishing during the reconstruction of buildings;
• improve sound insulation from city noise;
• Create a more stable and favorable moisture-thermal regime inside the building.

Drawings and diagrams of the "BAUKOLOR" systems can be found in the "Technical units" section. For each specific facility where the BAUKOLOR system is used, the engineers of our company develop the “Technical Regulations”, which sets out in detail the entire technological cycle of the system installation. The diagrams and drawings of the "Album of technical solutions" take into account all the structural features of the facade, and are made in AutoCad format. You will find interesting additions in the section "Frequently asked questions".

Insulation

The effectiveness of the thermal resistance of the system is determined by the type and thickness of the insulation with which the system is completed. In the BAUKOLOR A2 system, the calculated thermal conductivity coefficient of a mineral wool slab is 0.042–0.047 W / (m * K), in the BAUKOLOR V1 system, the calculated thermal conductivity coefficient of PSB-S-25 is 0.037–0.045 W / (m * K).

Mineral wool slab BAUKOLOR A2 - the system is completed with mineral wool insulation with a density of 130-180 kg / m2 (Rockwool Fasad Butts D, IZOVOL F, LAYNROK FASAD, Paroc RAL 4; RAL 5; Nobasil TF; Izover Fasoterm PF).

PSB-S-25 (F) BAUKOLOR B1 - the system is completed with front polystyrene foam with a density of 15-25 kg / m2 PSB-S-25 (F) or extruded polystyrene.

Finishing decorative plasters

Mineral "grooved" and "rough": Kratzputz KSL 1,5 / 2,0 / 3,0 mm Rauchputz RSL 2,0 / 3,0 mm Facade paints: Egalisationsfarbe Renovierfarbe

Finished "grooved": Rillenputz 1.5 / 2.0 / 3.0 mm Silikat Rillenputz 1.5 / 2.0 / 3.0 mm Unisil-Putz R 1.5 / 2.0 / 3.0 mm

Finished "rough": Edelputz 1.5 / 2.0 / 3.0 mm Silikat Kratzputz 1,5 / 2,0 / 3,0 mm Unisil-Putz K 1.5 / 2.0 / 3.0 mm