Long gone are the days when a wood-burning stove was the only way to heat a private house. Modern technologies and materials allow you to choose a heating method from a variety of existing ones, but experts unanimously argue that in the future it is the electric heating of a private house that will be a priority. Everyone knows that the reserves of minerals are far from endless and the time will come when gas will have to be completely abandoned and switched to a cleaner energy source - electricity.

Electric heating systems have a lot of undeniable advantages, and often it may just be the only available heating method.

It is very important to think over an electric heating project even at the stage of building a house, since in the future, installing equipment in an already finished room may lead to the need for rework, and, as a result, to additional costs. An accurate thermal calculation must be done taking into account the norms of SNiP. Failure to comply with these requirements will result in increased energy costs.

Pros and cons of heating a house with electricity

Electric heating of a private house has the following advantages:

Simplicity and ease of installation

Self-assembly does not require expensive tools and special knowledge. All equipment is small in size, can be installed quickly and at minimal cost.

All devices are easily transported and carried to different rooms. A separate boiler room and chimney are also not required.

Security

Electrical systems do not form carbon monoxide gases, there are no combustion products at all. No harmful emissions are emitted even if the system breaks down or is disassembled.

Low initial costs

There is no need to prepare project documentation with the invitation of special services. No permits are required.

Reliability and noiselessness

Electric heating does not need regular service with the assistance of specialists. All units operate absolutely silently, as there is no fan and circulation pump in the system.

Ease of operation

There are no elements in the system that could quickly fail. There is no need to constantly monitor the sensors and fuel level.

System control unit.

High level of efficiency

Allows you to quickly heat a private house even in the most severe frosts. Electric heating is always equipped with a special system, which makes it possible to regulate the temperature in each separate room, which can significantly save financial costs during the heating season.

Cons of work

The main disadvantage of electric heating is considered to be high power consumption. In some areas, the price of energy is quite high, so this method may simply be unprofitable.

The second drawback is considered to be volatility. If the electricity is cut off for any reason, heating of the room will become impossible.

Using a generator.

An induction electric boiler consists of a radiator and a pipeline through which the coolant circulates. The emitter generates an electromagnetic field that interacts with the metal. Electricity creates vortex currents, which, in turn, transfer energy to the coolant. The heating element is missing.

The induction boiler is easy to install and maintain, does not contain wear parts, scale forms in it in minimal quantities, and is effective for heating large rooms. The heat carrier can be oil, water or antifreeze.

It is not difficult to make an induction boiler with your own hands, and at a cost it will come out much cheaper than a purchased one.

A significant disadvantage can be considered a rather large size and a high price, compared to heating elements and electrode boilers. In addition, in the event of mechanical damage to the integrity of the circuit, the boiler will fail due to a dangerous increase in temperature. In this case, the device must be equipped with a sensor that turns off the boiler in the absence of water in it.

Conclusion

Practically all popular electricity have been considered. Each method has many advantages - this is the absence of the need for a fuel supply, environmental friendliness, safety, noiselessness and ease of operation. But given that electricity is not cheap at the moment, there is no need to expect a special economic effect. Therefore, it is worth paying special attention to the insulation of a private house in order to reduce heat loss to a minimum.

If there is no gas in the house, then heating can be built on solid fuel or electricity, or better, on a combination of both. The more varied the sources of heating, the less likely it is that the system will fail.

For example, the installation of a solid fuel boiler can be supplemented with an electric convector for each room. You can combine a Russian stove on the first floor of the house and infrared heaters on the second floor. However, electric and solid fuel energy sources are not the whole list. So let's start in order ...

To heat a house without gas and electricity, you should think about the energy of burning solid fuel:

• brick ovens;
• metal ovens;
• solid fuel boilers.

There are also fireplaces, but it is difficult to attribute them to the heating system of a house, since they can only heat one room.

Boiler working conditions

The main models of solid fuel boilers are designed in such a way that the combustion air flow is directed by a mechanical thermostat with a chain drive. In this case, the natural draft of the chimney must be ensured. However, for normal operation of the boiler, a number of conditions must be observed:

• Place the branch pipe so that it is not higher than the incoming pipe.
• Provide the system with free communication with the external environment using an open expansion tank located at the top.
• Create a pipe system with optimal diameters and a minimum number of dead-end branches.
• Equip the boiler with fire safety equipment.

Price

The cost of solid fuel boilers varies in a very wide range - from 20 to 300-400 thousand rubles. It all depends on the design and capacity.

However, despite the price, solid fuel boilers are the bestsellers among equipment for heating a house without gas and electricity.

The difference between a liquid fuel boiler and a solid fuel boiler is insignificant. To obtain thermal energy, liquid fuel is poured into the liquid boiler instead of coal:

• diesel fuel;
• fuel oil;
• kerosene;
• vegetable oils;
• alcohol.

The last two are given only as an illustration of the possibilities. The use of oil and alcohol is an unaffordable luxury. And the point is not even that alcohol, for example, is very expensive, but that this fuel is obtained from vegetable raw materials that could be used for food production.

Peculiarities

A distinctive feature of liquid fuel boilers is their high efficiency - up to 92%. In addition, for installation and operation, you do not need permission from special services, unlike, for example, gas boilers.

Price

The price range for such boilers ranges from 25,000 to 180,000 rubles and depends on the manufacturer and the volume of the combustion chamber. Average annual heating cost of a private house of 150 sq.m. without gas and electricity on diesel fuel about 150,000 rubles.

Which is higher than the cost of solid fuel and even electricity.

Converting solar energy into thermal energy is possible only if the sun shines often and for a long time over the roof of your house. Unfortunately, 80% of the territories of Russia have nothing to do with this. However, even in warm climates, you cannot rely only on solar heating; a backup source is definitely needed.

Principle of operation

In place “under the sun”, light-absorbing batteries are installed, which convert solar energy directly into thermal energy, and then transfer it to the coolant. There are two types of solar collectors - vacuum and flat. Vacuum is considered to be the most efficient and economical. Using the energy of the sun is a scientific achievement.

Price

The advantage of solar heating is the low price of solar collectors. Flat devices can be purchased at prices ranging from 1,500 to 60,000 rubles. Vacuum ones are much more expensive - about 80,000 rubles. However, if we consider that there is no need to pay for fuel, then the price is quite adequate.

Use of biofuels

Biofuel is any organic matter that can burn. However, these terms have recently come to be understood as the use of gases released by decaying organic matter.

Principle of operation

Anything that rots with sufficient intensity is fine for a source of such gas. Usually they use manure, food waste, plant matter. All gases formed during the decay process burn well and replace natural gas.

The biofuel heating plant itself consists of units that collect the emitted gas, clean it and feed it to the boilers for combustion. And then the principle of operation is the same as that of a natural gas boiler.

Minuses

A significant disadvantage of this heating method is the low productivity of decay in natural conditions. In order to accelerate this process, you need to increase the temperature, and this is a cost of energy.

For this reason, it is impossible to use biofuel as the main heating method for a large house, but it is quite possible to heat a small house or create an auxiliary system.

Heating with biofuel is widely used by farms in countries such as Greece, Spain, Portugal.

Such heat is obtained from nothing, just from the air. This is the reverse air conditioner. The pump itself does not produce heat, it only extracts it from the medium and sends it in the right direction.

Operating principle

The principle of the pump is to take heat from the environment in which it is placed. However, the pump needs starting energy. For example, in order to move 10 kW of heat energy, he needs to consume about 3 kW of electricity.

The difference is impressive! And in the presence of electricity, it allows you to make a choice in favor of a heat pump for economical heating of a private house without gas.

Features and prices

However, the problem is that in severe frosts, such a pump malfunctions. Works well in frosts down to -15, stops working at -30. There is one more drawback - with practically free energy, the naoso itself is very expensive - from 200,000 to 1,500,000 rubles.

Once they were called potbelly stoves. This name originates from the distant times of the civil war and subsequent devastation, when the simplest joys of life were associated with great wealth.

Much has changed since then, but the iron stove is still called a stove. Now they look different. Many of them are equipped with fireproof glass windows, but their essence has not changed - they quickly heat up and cool down just as quickly.

Maybe that's why this stove was called a stove, because to maintain a constantly high temperature, a lot of firewood is required in a bourgeois way.

Folk fantasy

In Siberian taiga huts, where you can bring a cast-iron stove, but it is difficult to deliver a brick, a potbelly stove is lined on three sides with large stones run in by a river. It turns out beautifully and functionally - the stones heat up and slowly give off heat to the air.

This technique is quite applicable in the conditions of a country house - when the house is built, and the heating is not yet ready. To some extent, stones perform fire-fighting functions, absorbing random sparks and excess heat. Stone structures can serve as a reason for the flight of the designer's imagination.

The efficiency of a metal stove will increase if it is equipped with a coil for heating water and heating batteries are connected to it.

Brick stoves or Russian stoves

In its classic form, the Russian stove is a miracle of engineering soap with a very efficient heating system. Not only did the stove heat the entire hut, it was also a multifunctional kitchen, a heated bed and even a sauna.

In our time, a number of functions of the Russian stove are not needed, but as heating in a private house without gas and electricity, it is effective!

In modern conditions

Making an ancient Russian stove modern is quite simple:

• If one of the sides is built into the wall separating one room from the other, then two rooms will already be heated. However, the stove has four sides.
• If you manage to build a stove into two walls of two different rooms, then you can heat almost the whole house.
• If the house is large, then the forces of one heat source cannot be dispensed with - you will have to make a system of pipes and batteries with a water heating element.

The Russian stove differs from a simple brick stove in size and in the absence of a stove bench. A brick oven has great inertia - it heats up for a long time, but also cools down for a long time.

To make the cooling process last longer, there is a damper system that retains hot air. However, it is in this system that the greatest danger of the stove lies - if the damper is closed ahead of time, then carbon monoxide from the firebox will not go into the chimney, but into the house.

Price

The cost of building a brick oven depends on a number of factors: firstly, on the size, secondly, on the materials chosen, and thirdly, on the wages of the stove-maker. And the work is the most expensive.

So, if the stove-maker takes it in moderation, and you are not going to decorate the stove with marble and ceramics, then you can keep within 20-60 thousand rubles. Whether it is expensive or not - everyone estimates it in their own way. However, one should take into account the fact that the oven will stand for more than a dozen years.

How to heat the stove

You can drown everything that burns. The classic option is wood and coal. However, at all times, the following sources of thermal energy went into the furnace.

Dung

Dung is completely dried cow dung. It burns well and leaves almost no ash. Horse manure can be used for the same purpose. By the way, there is no smell from such fuel.

Peat

Peat, or rather peat briquettes. In terms of calorific value, this is something between wood and coal. Briquettes are burning in an already heated firebox. This means that you first need to heat the stove with wood, and then lay the briquettes.

Advantages - peat is environmentally less toxic than coal.

More precisely, the toxicity of peat smoke can be equated with the toxicity of firewood. Only from peat ash and smoke more. The benefits of using peat can only be talked about if you have the opportunity to buy it at a low price. In all other cases, it is better to use wood and coal.

Firewood

The wood burns quickly and is not always hot. To maintain a high temperature in the house, you need not just a lot of firewood, they need to be put in the firebox all the time.

Coal

Coke is best used. Coal burns for a long time, and good coking coal is also hot.

If you use black coal with low ash content and high calorific value, then one measure of coal can give as much heat as 3-5 such measures of their firewood will give. The only argument against coal is its high ash content.

Ash from coal is toxic, so there will be a problem with its disposal.

Yet

There are other substitutes for firewood. For example, seed husks or corn cobs. Both burn well, but not for long, and without intense heat. However, these fuels should not be taken seriously.

Thus, wood and coal are worth choosing from all types of solid fuels. Moreover, it is in combination. Firewood is good for lighting the stove, and coal for long and slow burning.

Instead of a conclusion

There are dozens of systems for heating a private house without gas and electricity - from a classic stove to solar energy. It is difficult to advise on which of them to stop. However, I can give one universal advice - try to form a multifunctional system with redundant functions and minimization of risk, as on warships.

- ranging from solid fuel boilers for home heating and ending with heat pumps. Most homeowners believe that heating their home with a gas boiler is beneficial, but FORUMHOUSE users know that under certain conditions this is far from the best solution.

Due to the constant rise in energy prices and the high cost of connection, many developers are concerned about the following issues.

• Is there an alternative to main gas;
• What features can different heating systems have;
• How to calculate the price of a particular type of fuel;
• Is it profitable to use solid fuel heating systems;
• How to heat a house with electricity and not go broke;
• Can a home heat pump replace traditional heating systems?

Experts and users of our forum will help you find answers to these questions!

The main criteria for choosing a heating system

Construction experience suggests that autonomous heating of a private house is selected taking into account many factors: the degree of availability of a particular type of fuel, estimated monthly heating costs, climatic living conditions and heat loss of the building.

Heating a house in a temperate climate is one task, and completely different requirements are imposed on the heating system in regions with an even colder climate than in Moscow and a many-month heating season.

The efficiency of the heating system at home depends not only onon the thermal characteristics of the fuel and the efficiency of the boiler, but also on the design features of the house and the degree of its heat loss.

A poorly insulated home negates the operation of the most highly efficient heating system!

Therefore, the choice of a heating system and boiler equipment must be started at the design stage of your future home. Any of the experienced developers will agree with the statement that there are no trifles here, and any mistake or defect can lead to costly alterations.

First of all, consider .

Alexander KhadynskyHead of Heating Systems Department of the "My Fireplace" company

The choice of a heating system, first of all, depends on what kind of communications are connected to the house. If the main gas is already connected, then the choice of fuel usually ends there, because At the moment, heating a house using mains gas is recognized as the best solution.

It is also worth considering the convenience of operating the heating system for different modes of residence: daily, weekend mode, one-time visits. Only after weighing all the pros and cons can you choose the best option.

In the absence of main gas, it is possible to heat a house on a so-called gas tank - a sealed container buried on the site and in need of periodic refueling.

The advantages of liquefied gas, as well as mains, are clean exhaust, the ability to install compact chimneys and small boilers for heating the poison.

With all the advantages, this autonomous home heating system has a number of disadvantages.

Anatoly Gurin General Director of the company "Dom Engineering Systems"

The main disadvantage of the gas tank is: expensive installation, inconvenience of refueling, obtaining permits, the need for periodic maintenance by highly qualified personnel. In addition, the gas tank takes up a lot of space on the site.

Igor Larin Head of the "Boiler equipment" direction WIRBEL

The choice of fuel, and hence boiler equipment, depends on the degree of its availability in a particular region. If the house has a main natural gas, then the choice is obvious in its favor, if not, then it is necessary to assess the cost and availability of other types of fuel for heating in the area, based on this and install the equipment.

How to replace gas

The advantages of gas are well known, but all of them are offset by the extremely high cost of supplying it. Consider the alternatives.

Liquid fuel

Diesel heating – requires the installation of expensive and complex equipment.

It is necessary to find a place to install a container for fuel. Diesel fuel has a peculiar and not pleasant smell for everyone. Also, due to the constant rise in prices for hydrocarbon fuels, diesel fuel heating is one of the most expensive ways to heat a house. Among the main advantages for this type of home heating are the high degree of automation of the boiler operation and the ubiquity of diesel fuel.

Electricity

Electric boilers are easy to operate, environmentally friendly, safe and quiet.

Alexander Khadynsky

However, with low initial costs for purchasing equipment, it is very expensive to heat with electricity, and in case of power outages, you can remain without heating and without hot water. Also, an electric boiler for heating a house will need to install a separate wiring, and if its power exceeds 9 kW - a three-phase network of 380 V.

In addition to electric boilers, there are heating devices such as electric convectors and infrared radiators.

The advantages of heating with electric convectors and infrared emitters include minimal initial costs and simplicity of equipment design. You do not have to deal with the arrangement of the boiler room or carry out heating pipes. It would seem that I took the device out of the box, plugged it in and use it. But, as practice shows, not everything is so simple.

Oleg Dunaev Civil engineer

A well-insulated house can be successfully heated with an electric convector only if there is sufficient electrical power.

• high efficiency of equipment;
• ease of installation;
• presentable appearance;
• safety of use;
• the ability to program energy-saving modes.

The disadvantages include:

• additional costs for high-quality wiring;
• increased requirements for the quality of power supply elements.

Unlike an electric boiler, installing a convector or any model of an IR emitter does not require pipe laying and the presence of a heat carrier, as a result, ineffective energy consumption for heating water (heat carrier), boiler and pipes is reduced, and heat loss is reduced.

Here are the main criteria for choosing such a heating system.

Oleg Dunaev :

- We choose this way: the power of one convector is up to 1.5 kW (more - the plugs melt and the relay contacts burn out).

The programmer - with its own power source (settings are saved when the power is turned off). 10 sq.m. area requires approximately 1 kW of convector power.

Electricity - 380V, 3 phases, permitted power - at least 15 kW. Wiring cross-section - 3x2.5 sq. Mm. We lay dedicated converter lines and connect no more than three convectors per line.

It is best to hang the wall-mounted electric convector under a window about 15 cm from the floor.

Electric heating is one of the most expensive ways to heat a home. It would seem that cheap heating with electricity is a myth. However, the user of our forum Alexander Fedortsov(nickname on the forum Skeptic ) by his example refutes this statement.

Skeptic Forumhouse user

I independently built a well-insulated frame house on the USHP foundation. First, according to the project for heating a house with an area of ​​186 sq.m. a solid fuel boiler was assumed. After a little thought, I decided that I did not want to become a fireman at all, but rather use the night tariff and heat water in a reliable homemade heat accumulator with a volume of 1.7 cubic meters.

Water heated overnight by electric heating elements up to 50 C, allows you to successfully heat the house in the winter months with a water floor heating system. And you can monitor the temperature using a homemade regulator.

Alexander Fedortsov

I put the floor TA in the boiler room on a sheet of foam plastic of 35 density and 10 cm thick.The heat accumulator is well insulated - 20 cm of stone wool on the tank lid, on the walls - 15 cm. . rubles. In January, it clocked up no more than 2 thousand rubles.

Solid fuel

Firewood, coal, fuel briquettes.

Alexander Khadynsky

A solid fuel boiler (coal, firewood) requires constant attention, practically turning its owner into a stoker. Such structures can be used in places where neither gas nor electricity is supplied. They are the most affordable and cheap. When using solid fuel boilers, it is especially important to observe fire safety measures.

Igor Larin

The degree of autonomy of solid fuel boilers can be increased by using a buffer tank - a heat accumulator in the system. Thanks to TA, heat is accumulated and the number of fillings in the boiler is reduced.

On average, the operating time of a solid fuel boiler on one tab is at least 3 hours, at most 12 or more hours. The thermostat controls the air supply to the combustion chamber, and protection against overheating is provided by a special valve and heat exchanger for overheating protection.

When using solid fuel, there is no need to communicate with the supplying companies and obtain permits for the installation of the boiler. Everything is regulated by SNiPs, which must be adhered to during and installation of heating equipment. You should also follow the manufacturer's recommendations for fire safety.

It makes sense to install a multi-fuel boiler or combine several heating devices as a backup heating system in case of a power outage.

Alexander Khadynsky

An additional boiler is often used to increase the degree of automation of a solid fuel boiler, an electric boiler or a fireplace with a water circuit is connected to the circuit.

Autonomous heating in a private house by means of combined boiler rooms is an expensive option. These types of boilers combine three types of boilers at once - solid fuel, electric with a gas or diesel burner and are the most expensive of household boilers. In the event of a power outage, it is better to connect an uninterruptible power supply, which will allow the equipment to continue operating for up to 48 hours during a power outage.

Igor Larin

It is possible and even necessary to combine different devices for heating a room, especially in regions where fuel interruptions are possible.

Practical are systems where solid fuel boilers are combined with wood-burning fireplaces, that is, the system includes an additional heat generator (fireplace), which supports or accelerates the heating of the system.

The benefit of using multi-fuel boilers is the ability to combine two types of fuel in one equipment. In a boiler with two furnaces, one can burn solid fuel (wood, coal, briquettes), and install a burner (diesel or pellet) in the other. Thus, the homeowner, depending on the situation, can choose the type of heating that is convenient for him.

Anatoly Gurin :

- The undoubted advantages of pellet heating include: autonomy, its cheapness in relation to electricity and diesel fuel with propane. Among the minuses, it can be noted that it is necessary to find a place for storing pellets.

And low-quality pellets, due to incomplete combustion, reduce the efficiency of the boiler.

The boiler itself requires weekly attention as it is necessary to clean the burner and add pellets.

The continuous operation time of the boiler can be significantly increased by installing an additional pellet hopper.

In recent years, it has become more and more popular alternative heating systems houses built on the base heat pump and the like (see diagram).

Anatoly Gurin :

–The operating principle is simple: the heat pump transfers warm air from the street to the house. The easiest way to imagine a heat pump is like a refrigerator: the freezer is in the ground, and the radiator is in the house.

The experience of using such a heating system shows that, having spent only 1 kW of electricity, we get 5 kW of heat.

Despite the fact that such a heating system has been known for more than a dozen years, many are stopped by the high initial costs required for its installation.

A heating system is a long-term investment in your home, and lower upfront costs are further offset by higher fuel and boiler room fees.

Benefits of using a heat pump:

• low, 5 times less than when heating a house with electricity;
• there are no emissions when air is circulated from the street to the house;
• the system is maintenance-free;
• autonomy of work: the heat pump requires only electricity, and in the event of a power outage, the heat pump can easily be powered from a gas generator.

How to understand what is more profitable to heat a house

The heating price is made up of the fuel cost. There is no universal fuel that is equally suitable for every region or home. Therefore, it is necessary to make a calculation based on a specific situation.

Igor Larin

When choosing a fuel, one cannot be guided only by momentary benefits; it is necessary to focus on the long-term perspective.

There is no gas and there will not be, but there are woodworking enterprises around; accordingly, pellet producers will appear (or already exist). In this case, an effective solution would be to supply a solid fuel boiler, which can then be made pellet (by installing a pellet burner in the lower door of the pellet burner).

Also, a situation may arise when gas should be supplied in 1-2 years. During this time, you can put a solid fuel boiler and then install a gas burner in it.

Anatoly Gurin

It is necessary to choose the cheapest fuel in the region. It will be most profitable for them to heat the house. For an objective calculation, it is best to draw up a pivot table that displays the types of available heat sources, their construction costs, operating costs and service life.

In the long term, it is important to consider such a factor as the convenience of using the heat source. Experience shows that no matter how cheap the fuel is, its low price can be canceled out by the minimum degree of boiler autonomy and an increased degree of attention to the operation of this equipment.

Alexander Khadynsky

It is necessary to conduct a brief analysis of the most probable methods of heating with one or another type of fuel.

Knowing the power of the boiler, you can calculate the cost of heating costs per month. Approximate calculation - 1 kW is required for heating 10 sq. M. (provided that the distance from the floor to the ceiling is up to - 3 m), in addition, you need to take a margin of 15-20%, necessary for the preparation of hot water.

On average, boiler equipment operates about 10 hours / day. The heating season in central Russia lasts 7-8 months a year, the rest of the time the boiler works to prepare hot water and maintain a minimum temperature of + 8C in the house.

Total:

Electricity: To obtain heat energy of 1 kW / hour, approximately 1 kW / hour of electricity is consumed.

Solid fuel: To obtain 1 kW / hour of thermal energy, approximately 0.4 kg / hour of firewood is consumed.

Diesel fuel: To obtain 1 kW / hour of thermal energy, approximately 0.1 liter of diesel fuel is consumed.

Gas: To obtain heat energy of 1 kW / hour, approximately 0.1 kg of liquefied gas is consumed.

In the long term, it is necessary to take into account the increase in fuel prices, based on the trends of recent years, and the payback period for the initial investment.

Thus, the choice of a heating system consists of a whole range of measures and engineering solutions that require a balanced approach and careful analysis of each specific situation.

Watch videos about the unusual layout of the heating system and how to independently organize effective and cheap heating with electricity on

Many people want to buy housing outside the city. But, when building a country house, a problem arises. How and with what to heat a country house? Usually, there is no possibility of connecting to central heating on the land. Therefore, you need to think about which type is better to use.

• all furnace installations are large, so you have to think carefully about where to put it; the weight of the stove is large enough, therefore, it will not be possible to mount the stove on its own;
• you will need an additional covered storage room for firewood. It is very important that there is enough firewood for the entire heating period;
• with improper use of furnace equipment, the products of its combustion can be dangerous to humans;
• it is necessary to equip the pipe;
• with large areas of the house, the stove will not heat the rooms evenly.

Heating with coal

As we wrote above, you can heat a country house without gas using oven equipment. But, since the purchase of firewood in some regions is difficult, you can consider the option of heating a country house with solid fuel.

These furnaces have boilers with special sensors for temperature control. The use of coal during combustion reduces the amount of harmful volatiles.

Consist of:

• heat exchanger;
• the furnace in which the combustion process is taking place;
• grate.

The heat exchanger is made from cast iron or become. Therefore, the markets are mainly represented by steel and cast iron. It should be noted that steel boilers have a low cost compared to cast iron boilers. The reliability of boilers made of these materials is very high, and if you wish, you can hardly damage the furnace structure.

To the pluses coal stoves can be attributed to their durability and increased heat transfer. Such a heating system does not require electrical energy.

As for coal, it is better to purchase it in advance and build a room for its proper storage.

Electric heating

If the country house is located in the immediate vicinity of the power grid, then you can heat the country house with electricity. It is worth noting that the heating of the country house will not be by an electrician, but by heated water.

How to arrange an electrical heating system

The first thing to do is buy a boiler to heat the water.

The stores are presented, designed for different powers, with one or more circuits. System with one circuit only the house warms. System with double circuit heats water for bathroom and kitchen. Usually, two boilers are installed. And in the summer, one of them is simply turned off. The second heats water for personal needs.

Types of electric boilers

For private houses, as a rule, wall-mounted or floor-standing electric boilers are purchased.

Floor standing boilers are larger and heavier. Therefore, they must be installed on a horizontal surface.

The water entering the boiler heats up and expands. Due to this, the water pressure increases, and the liquid moves independently through the pipes to the radiators. heat up and warm up the whole house. When the water cools down, it returns to the boiler for heating. The whole system has a closed loop.

Sometimes set boiler with forced water circulation system... But this will require an additional pump and tank.

If the house has electricity but no hot water system is installed, other heating options can be used. Currently, in hardware stores, you can buy different types of heaters powered by electric energy. Usually buy oil

Many owners of private houses or apartments believe that an electric heating system is not economical. This point of view has a completely adequate explanation, since electricity is a rather expensive source of energy. Sometimes there are situations when alternative heating systems do not justify themselves or are simply unavailable for certain reasons. In such a situation, it will be necessary to use the energy carrier that is available. Heating systems of an electric type can also be divided into different categories, so it is worth choosing exactly that electric heating that will be the most profitable and economical.

Electric heating

Any of the options for organizing electric heating has both advantages and disadvantages. The most popular and common mains-powered heaters are convectors and electric radiators.

Oil radiator

Oil-type radiators are in wider demand. Such devices are more suitable for local heating.

An oil cooler is a device whose body consists of several sections interconnected.

Inside this structure, there is a mineral-type coolant. In this coolant, heating elements are immersed, which are necessary for heating the radiator. Many models of household-type oil radiators have heating elements with a capacity of 2.5 to 3 kW. Thanks to this power, the oil heats up in a fairly short period of time. Mineral oil contributes to the fact that the heating element heats up to a very high temperature of 2000 degrees. Oil radiators are well suited for heating any room in a house or apartment.

Oil radiators will not justify themselves if they are used for general heating of an apartment or house, since they cannot be classified as economical. Such devices are justified only if they are used as an additional heating device.

An alternative to such devices can be called electric convectors. They can also be installed as a general heater.

However, they will be justified only if it is impossible to organize a water heating system in the building. A heating component is located in the convector body, which converts electricity into heat. Hot air rises from this heating component and comes out through special openings in the convector body. Almost all modern electric convectors are equipped with special grilles, thanks to which it is possible to adjust the volume of the outgoing air. At the bottom of the convector body there are holes that are necessary for cold air to enter the device. This air is subsequently heated and exits through the upper openings.

Electric wall-mounted convector

Almost all convectors are equipped with special automatic temperature sensors, the principle of which is similar to a heating tap. When the air that enters the convector through its lower openings is warm enough, the sensors will work and the appliance will turn off. Due to these parameters and characteristics, electric convectors are more justified from the point of view of energy saving than oil-type radiators.

According to their design features, several types of convectors are distinguished: wall convectors and floor convectors.

Such devices are the most popular, however, there are convectors such as floor convectors. If the choice fell on the last type of convectors, then it is best to install them in the area along the window. In this case, they will not only heat the room, but also become additional protection against drafts and street cold that penetrates through the window. Electric heating with a convector will be more profitable and economical in comparison with oil radiators, but the use of solid or liquid fuel or gas will still be cheaper.

Underfloor heating system

The warm floor cannot be considered the main heating system, but it will justify itself well as an additional source of heat. Underfloor heating is a structure consisting of a heating film and heating cables. This design is mounted under the floor covering. On some areas of the floor, special temperature sensors are installed, which are connected to a thermostat installed on one of the walls of the room.

Warm cable floor

Heating with electricity, such as underfloor heating, allows you to independently adjust heating in an apartment by setting a certain temperature regime. The installation of such a heating system is not a too complicated process, so it can be done with your own hands, without having to seek help from specialists. Here you can find many recommendations, as well as videos that will help you cope with this task. A system like electric underfloor heating will not be suitable as a universal heat source, so it will only be justified as an additional heating system.

Infrared heating

Using infrared appliances for heating with electricity is another method that allows you to heat a house or apartment. The infrared heater contains a heating element inside the housing, which is a source of infrared radiation. The infrared waves that come from this device do not heat the air in the room, but the objects at which they are directed. Such devices are considered the most effective, since they radiate heat where it is needed, and do not waste it idly.

Infrared ceiling heater

Modern infrared heaters boast an efficiency that exceeds 90%. An infrared heater of all electrical appliances is considered the most profitable and economical.

Their only significant drawback is that they are quite expensive. Before opting for one of the electric heating devices, it is better to make calculations as to how quickly the costs will pay off.

Water heating: TEN type boilers

Electric hot water heating is considered to be more efficient than using only simple electrical heating appliances. This heating system uses ordinary water as a heat carrier. In order for the water to heat up to the required temperature, the system is equipped with a device such as a boiler or an electric boiler. Domestic boilers that are used to heat water are not suitable as the main device for a water electric heating system. The boiler, which is necessary for the efficient operation of the heating system, must have much higher power ratings. To organize an autonomous electric heating system, a wide variety of installations can be used, such as:

• Heating elements;
• Induction installations;
• Electrode installations.

The most popular are heating boilers, which can be seen in the photo. The principle of operation of such boilers is as follows: the coolant enters the internal tank of such boilers. A heating element is placed in the tank, which will begin to heat up, and its temperature will be transferred to the coolant. Thanks to a circulation pump, the coolant will enter the heating circuit and then spread through the final consumption elements, that is, to the heating radiators.

Electric boiler

It must be remembered that the heating element is the most vulnerable place at the boiler. It is necessary to choose a boiler in which the heating element is a replaceable component. Teng may fail in a few years, as it becomes covered with scale, and then it will need to be replaced. Most boilers are equipped with automation that allows you to turn on a certain operating mode. This allows you to significantly save on electricity, since the boiler will heat the water, only then there is a need for this.

Another advantage that electric water heating gives is the fact that the electrical components do not come into contact with water at all. In the event of an accident, the automation will completely turn off the heating element.

Electrode devices

A better alternative to water heating heating elements, involving the use of electricity for heating, can be called electrode-type boilers. Such a device is a small volume container with electrodes inside. When the boiler is filled with water, a current will be supplied to these electrodes, and this, in turn, will entail heating of the water.

Electrode type boilers

In order for the electrode boiler to work as efficiently as possible, it will be necessary to subject the coolant to special preparation. An electrode boiler consumes more electricity than a heating element boiler. However, it is more reliable and does not fail very often.

Induction boilers

In induction boilers, there are two circuits at once: one heat exchange, and the other magnetic. A coil is located in a magnetic type circuit, which creates a magnetic field, and due to this, the coolant is heated. The principle of operation of such a circuit is very similar to the principle of operation of an induction type hob. The heat exchange circuit is necessary for temperature redistribution to take place in it. After that, the coolant will heat up and begin to flow into the heating system of the house.

Induction boiler

The most important advantage of this type of boilers is the safety of their use. This can be explained by the fact that there are no heating components in boilers at all.

Among the disadvantages of such devices, one can single out their high price, as well as a rather complicated smooth adjustment of thermal modes.

Advantages and disadvantages of electric heating

Any electrical heating systems have both their own advantages and disadvantages.

Pluses of electric heating:

• You can install it yourself;
• A permit to install such devices is much easier to obtain than, for example, a permit to install a gas boiler;
• Electric heaters are easier to set up and easier to operate;
• There is no need for constant monitoring of the fuel supply, all that is needed is to set a certain temperature regime;
• Quite fast heating;
• A comfortable temperature regime in the room will be established only after 10-15 minutes after the system starts working.

Disadvantages of electric heaters, which are most often covered by reviews:

• The equipment is quite expensive, in particular, the high price category includes such devices that are equipped with various automatics;
• Heating the room itself is quite expensive;
• High loads on electrical wiring and voltage cables.

If such shortcomings are not very scary, then such a heating system will be considered quite effective. An electrical heating system is much easier to organize than any other.

otoplenie-doma.org

Electric heating in a private house - choosing the best option

In general, the electric heating system of a private house is the only alternative option along with traditional solutions. Compared to other types of heating systems, electric ones attract attention primarily by their practicality, ease of use, independence and autonomy. With their help, the owners of private houses can quickly solve the problem of heating the premises.

An electric boiler in the house is warm, comfortable and does not spoil the overall design at all

Types of electrical heating devices

According to the latest research, electric boilers for home heating have the highest efficiency. Almost every heater has a temperature setting function, so they are among the most economical. They do not require any maintenance and are almost silent, which makes them a real find for those who love a quiet suburban vacation.

Unlike liquid heat carriers, energy from electrical energy is immediately converted into heat. In addition, with such a heating system, emergency leaks are excluded. From all of the above, it can already be concluded that electric heating systems meet all modern human requirements and are safe, hygienic and silent.

Infrared heating

Ceiling with infrared heating system

Film infrared heating is a system that heats the air in a room using infrared rays.

Attention! Such systems heat, first of all, the objects in the room, and not the air itself. As for the popularity, they will soon replace the outdated oil radiators and boilers.

Ceiling Infrared Heater Principle

This type of heater is rarely used alone and is often used in conjunction with underfloor heating. Together, they are used for general and local heating of the house. They are widely used in summer cottages and cottages, where fast heating of all rooms is required.

Converter heaters

Converter heater

Also, it is worth mentioning about such a type of heating as electric convectors. Each modern electric convector is equipped with special heating elements that do not burn oxygen and do not destroy the natural microclimate in the house. This heating method has established itself as one of the quietest and most efficient, and it is easy and simple to operate such a unit.

If you choose an electric convector with a built-in control unit that programs the operation of the device, then you can completely forget about the control of heating systems (installed and forgotten). The electric heating system of a private house will itself maintain the optimum temperature. If you leave home for a long time, the device automatically switches to standby mode and maintains a constant temperature of 5 ° C.

Advantages of converter heaters

As far as security is concerned, there is nothing to be afraid of either. The built-in sensor instantly turns off the heating in the event of a heating element falling to the floor (this can also include overheating of the device). The convector body heats up to a temperature of no more than 65˚С, therefore it is safe to use it even when children and animals live in the house.

Warm floor

Underfloor heating system

Choosing such a heating system, you will not regret - a cable or mat built into the floor turns your flooring into one huge heater that evenly distributes heat throughout the room. With its help, you can create an ideal (comfortable) temperature for a person in the house.

Important! Pay attention to the fact that underfloor heating can be used with any floor covering, which will accordingly expand the possibilities of interior design, because heating radiators will not be fixed in the rooms of the house. The entire system is hidden from view.

Underfloor heating system under laminate

Fan heaters

Thermal fans

With the help of fan heaters, you can maintain a stable temperature in the premises of the house, and at the same time create a thermal curtain. They differ from hot water heating, first of all, in the speed of air heating, minimal heat loss and high efficiency.

Such a space heating system operates in full recirculation mode (in other words, it heats only the air inside the premises). But it is worth noting that with a mixture of outside (street) air, the fans show good results.

Electric boilers

Electric boiler Rusnit 2100

If you like water heating of a private house with electricity, then you can install an electric boiler. Such equipment is used in houses where it is not possible to conduct a gas heating system.

Due to their design features, electric boilers have all kinds of modifications and shapes. Their main distinguishing feature is the way of heating the coolant. In total, in such a boiler, two main elements can be distinguished - a control unit and a heat exchanger.

As for the principles of operation, everything is simple - electrical energy is converted into heat and heats the water, which, through the pipeline, enters the heating radiators. The control unit is necessary in order to monitor the correct operation of the boiler in a given mode.

If a malfunction or overheating occurs, the unit will signal you to turn off. When the maximum threshold for heating the equipment is reached, the unit turns off the boiler automatically.

Benefits of electric heating

Electric unit - convenient, functional and practical

In general, electric heating has a number of advantages and benefits that set it apart from other types of heating systems:

• Safety - the above types of equipment do not have an open flame, and correct wiring and installation of an "automatic device" will protect your house from fire;
• Lack of fuel - there is no need to purchase solid and liquid fuels, as a result of which you do not need to look for a suitable room for storing combustible materials;
• Environmentally friendly - working electrical systems do not produce noise and toxic emissions into the atmosphere. In the complete absence of an unpleasant odor, they are completely safe for humans. In addition, when installing electrical systems, you do not have to allocate a separate room - they can be mounted both in the kitchen and in the living room. A wide range of models allows you to choose a device for any design and interior;
• Appearance - as mentioned earlier, a wide range of models and colors will allow you to choose exactly the model that you really like;
• The operation of such devices does not require regular maintenance. Firstly, they are easy to operate, which even a child can handle, and secondly, there are no elements in their design that would require constant cleaning or replacement;
• Ergonomics - it is possible to do electric heating of a private house with your own hands. Each unit is accompanied by a detailed diagram of the assembly and installation of the system, so even an ignorant person is quite capable of connecting it;
• Price - compared to the same gas equipment, electrical systems are comparatively cheaper;
• Size - The equipment itself is small and light in weight. One person can transfer the entire system without experiencing any difficulties.

All these are electric boilers

In addition to the positive qualities, there are also negative sides:

• Not every dacha village has a powerful power grid that can withstand such loads;
• High energy costs will make few people happy;
• Before installing an electric boiler, check if the network is working properly in this locality. Not all devices are adapted to work in extreme Russian conditions (constant power surges, sudden outages, etc.).

Finally

That, perhaps, is all that an average man needs to know, who is going to install a heating system in his house, powered by electricity (also read about how to choose the right electric boiler for heating).

If you do not know how to make your home warmer, our photo and video instructions will help you. Seeing everything with your own eyes, you will understand that electric heating systems are no worse than others, and in many ways surpass their counterparts!

Page 2

Heating your home is perhaps one of the most pressing issues of the multifaceted life of a resident of the Russian Federation. That is why we will now consider the most commonly used autonomous heating systems for a private house and the possibilities of their application.

Possible heating scheme for a private house

Heating systems and their components

Boiler room of a private house

Any zealous owner, of course, wants to have uninterrupted heating in his home, which is consistent with the characteristics of a given region or specific area. The efficiency and economy of heating depend on two technical components - the heating circuit and the heat carrier heating source - the boiler.

They will be discussed in this article with a video clip as an application.

Gas boilers

Scheme of operation of a conventional (convection) boiler

• Gas heating boilers are single-circuit and double-circuit, wall-mounted and floor-standing, but according to the principle of operation, they can be divided into convection and condensing devices. Traditional convection boilers operate according to a fairly simple scheme, which is shown above: gas entering the burner is burned in the combustion chamber, which heats up the heat exchanger and, of course, the heat carrier itself. Air enters the combustion chamber in such a device through a coaxial chimney and, with its help, carbon monoxide is removed.
• One of the important principles for the correct operation of a domestic gas boiler is the prevention of condensation on the walls of the heat exchanger, because dissolved acids are present there. Considering that the condensation of water vapor starts at a temperature of 55⁰C, care must be taken to ensure that there is no large difference between the supply and return lines of the water circuit.
• It is better not to allow the difference in water temperature in the "supply" and "return" to exceed 20⁰C, that is, if the supply pipe has 80⁰C, then the return pipe is 60⁰C. For long heating circuits, forced mixing of hot water from the "supply" at the "return" inlet is used.

Condensing boiler operation diagram

• The efficiency of condensing boilers is much higher than that of convection units, because in this case, not only the combustion of gas is used to heat the coolant, but also the heating of the condensate itself. For the most effective operation of such a device, it is necessary to create conditions for the occurrence of dew and this is achieved by lowering the temperature in the supply and especially the return line (the underfloor heating system is most effective in these cases). Sometimes, in order to lower the temperature, a heat carrier from the "return" is supplied to the warm floor.
• In Russia, such boilers are not widespread at the moment, and there are several reasons for this. First of all, this is the high price for such units, as well as the low prevalence of low-temperature water circuits ("warm floor"), which maximize the efficiency of the boiler. In addition, the condensate itself is an acidic solution and, when drained into the sewer, needs to be neutralized using a special composition.

Electric boilers

Heating element boiler Elite-Teplo

• Some people decide that an electric boiler would be the best option for heating the heating circuit, but they can be heating elements and electrodes. The device of the first is quite traditional and consists of a container for a heat carrier (heat exchanger) and a heating element mounted there. The tubular electric heater itself consists of a steel or copper shell filled with quartz sand, into which a nichrome spiral is pressed.
• The switch from the thermostat regulates the heating of the water in the tank, opening the circuit at a certain temperature set by the user. As a rule, such boilers are used with a pump for forced circulation of the coolant. The cost of such boilers is quite high, but in the absence of a nearby gas pipeline, this may be the best option.

Electrode heating devices (EOU)

• Electrode devices are more economical for boilers with power supply, which also have a higher efficiency than heating elements. For Russia, such units are relatively new, but, nevertheless, they are quite in demand.

The principle of heating the coolant in the EOU

• The principle of operation of electrode boilers is quite simple, since the coolant itself acts as a spiral. A block of electrodes is hidden in the container and a liquid (water or a special coolant), getting inside, moves from the anode to the cathode, with an oscillation frequency of 50 Hz. From this vibration, heating occurs and at the outlet the coolant reaches a temperature of 95⁰C.
• EOU can operate from 220V or 380V, that is, from single-phase and three-phase power lines, which allows you to select them in terms of power. For example, a single-phase heating element boiler for 3 kW at a consumption of 1.8 kW / h can heat an area of ​​30 m2, and a single-phase EOC of the same power at a consumption of 1.0 kW / h will heat 60 m2. A three-phase heating element for 9kW at a consumption of 4.2kW ​​/ h will heat 90m2, but an electrode heater for 9kW at a cost of 3.0kW / h - 180m2.

Parallel connection of EOU

• The advantages of EOU over heating elements are more than obvious, besides, electrode heaters can be connected in parallel with boilers of a different type or with each other.

Advice. To increase the conductivity of the coolant and, as a result, its effectiveness, 30 g of baking soda can be added per 100 liters of liquid.

Oil-fired boilers

Diesel boiler Ferolli GN1

• Liquid fuel boilers got their name because of the types of fuel, as they can run on fuel oil, kerosene and diesel fuel, but most often on the latter. They are also called diesel by the type of fuel consumed. Such units are used in areas where there are no gas mains for domestic needs and voltage drops are possible.

Diesel boiler cutaway

• Diesel devices are equipped with burners with forced air supply, the amount of which is regulated by built-in automation. Due to the movement of air, oil boilers are quite noisy compared to gas ones. The burner can be one-, two- and three-stage.
• To adjust the burners with the unit, there is always an instruction that allows you to correctly calculate the fuel consumption. Also, the savings and increase in the efficiency of the device is facilitated precisely by the multistage burners, which makes it possible to increase the volume of settings. In many diesel boilers, the burners are integrated into the body.

Solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel boilers Atmos

• Despite the simplicity of the device, such boilers have a number of undoubted advantages. First of all, it is the availability and low cost of combustible material, because the devices are capable of operating on any coal, peat briquettes, wood, pellets and any other solid fuel. In addition, due to the versatility of the fuel, the unit can operate independently from external power sources (gas, electricity).

Gas generator (pyrolysis) boiler device

• Also, solid fuel units include gas-generating boilers (photo above), which are equipped with two cameras. In the first compartment, a solid fuel combustion process takes place when air with a low oxygen content is supplied, and in the second compartment, the final combustion of the so-called pyrolysis gas takes place. These devices require electrical power for the fan.

Buleryan stove with a water jacket

• The Canadian Buleryan system can be called a prototype of a gas-generating boiler, only in this situation you need not an air, but a water jacket for the heating circuit. Among solid fuel boilers, Buleryan has the highest efficiency, reaching 98%. Unlike its counterparts, the Canadian boiler can only run on wood.

Advice. The Buleryan system leaves no ash and all waste evaporates in the form of condensate and soot. In this regard, the chimney must be cleaned at least twice a year and at the same time carefully monitor the ventilation system.

Conclusion

The article did not mention multi-fuel equipment, which you can also install yourself. A universal boiler can operate on two or more types of fuel, for example, gas - diesel or gas - diesel - solid fuel - electricity. But such heaters are much more expensive and it is more profitable to purchase mono-fuel units.

Page 3

An autonomous heating system of a country house is a step towards economical heating, high-quality and stable heat supply.

Such heating has many advantages over centralized heating, the most important of which are:

• The quality of the services received;
• Ease of regulation;
• Lower production cost.

Installation of autonomous heating

You can build such a heat supply in any country house. In apartments, this is quite problematic due to the many bureaucratic procedures, but it is also possible.

In this article, we will look at what components the system consists of, what is better to buy, as well as opportunities to save money.

Autonomous heat supply composition

Heat supply consists of:

• A source of heat. Depending on the fuel on which the boiler will operate, this equipment can operate on solid fuel (coal, pellets, wood chips, wood), liquid (fuel oil, diesel fuel, waste oil), electricity, natural gas;

Pyrolysis boiler

• Pipelines. They tie the heat source and heating devices together. Their task is to perform the functions of transporting the coolant. Plastic, steel or copper pipes can be used for heating;
• Heating appliances. They can be both sectional and monolithic. They are made of aluminum, steel, cast iron and other metals. Recently, vacuum radiators have become popular;
• Adjustment and safety elements. Thermostatic heads are installed on the supply of the coolant to the battery and regulate the flow. Safety elements are expansion tanks, explosive valves and others;
• Pumps. Carry out the transportation of the coolant, thereby ensuring circulation.

Boiler selection

The autonomous heating scheme of a house necessarily includes a heat generator. The performance of the entire heating will depend on the operation of this element.

The choice of this component in most cases will depend on the fuel on which it is planned to operate; it should be readily available and financially attractive.

Boiler on "working off"

Important. The only inconvenience during work is the need to install a fuel tank. In most cases, a separate room is allocated for him so that his smells do not interfere with those around him.

Heating devices

Autonomous home heaters are represented by the following models:

• Steel radiators. The most common design is two ribbed plates welded together. You can look at such a device in the photo below or in the video in our gallery. Despite their low heat dissipation, such devices are well distributed, this is due to their affordable cost.

Steel battery

Such devices can have various sizes, depending on the manufacturer and the required power. Since the heat transfer of the device is not very high, then there is nothing left but to increase the heat transfer area. Compared to aluminum or bimetallic radiators, they are the most affordable.

If we talk about the advantages, then they are difficult to corrode, but on condition that the system is always filled with water. The disadvantage is low working pressures and fear of water hammer.

Important! Such radiators are well suited for stand-alone systems, since they operate at a pressure of 2-3 atmospheres. In multi-storey buildings, they can be used only if there is a heating point.

• Cast iron batteries. They became widespread even under the USSR. The classic representative of this type of the times of "developed socialism" are radiators of the MS 140 brand.

MC 140 device

Cast iron appliances have good thermal conductivity. They are well suited for heating networks because they are not demanding on water quality. The devices have good inertia, which allows them to radiate heat for a long time.

The design of the MC 140 allows only to radiate heat; heat transfer by convection is not provided. Modern models of devices have designs that give off heat and convection.

Such heating devices do not like hydraulic shocks, since cast iron itself is very fragile. The disadvantage of cast iron is that it does not tolerate water hammer very well. Due to the heavy weight of the battery, the installation work is laborious. The price of these devices is one of the lowest.

• Aluminum appliances. They have a beautiful appearance, despite their light weight, they have good heat transfer. Sectional and cast models are produced. Such equipment is not as susceptible to water hammer as previous radiators, but it is afraid of corrosion.

Aluminum batteries

Despite these advantages, there are also disadvantages. The main thing is the exactingness to the quality of the coolant, an overestimated value of acidity is not allowed (it cannot be used in ordinary heating networks).

The design of the radiator contributes to airing, therefore, when using them, the installation of air extractors is mandatory.

Important. If you decide to operate these heating elements, then you must ensure that there are no antagonist metals (copper) in the system. Because the processes of destruction of pipelines can begin.

• Bimetallic radiators. The production is carried out using a special technology. During manufacture, two metals are used: steel and aluminum. These models incorporate the advantages of aluminum and steel radiators. Autonomous heating of a country house with these radiators will work at a high level.

Bimetal radiator

All elements that come into contact with the coolant are made of steel, and those that are responsible for the heat transfer from aluminum. In this way, it is possible to improve the performance characteristics, because aluminum has a significantly better heat transfer coefficient, and steel has resistance to poor water quality.

These devices have a service life of more than twenty years, and their appearance will allow them to be installed in any room without decorative boxes. The disadvantages include the high cost and small cross-section of pipes in the collectors.

• Vacuum radiators. In such devices, the coolant moves only along the lower collector, and the other space is filled with a boron-lithium mixture under vacuum. One section of such a battery contains fifty grams of coolant. For example, aluminum holds three hundred and fifty grams.

The boron-lithium mixture begins to boil at thirty-five degrees. It becomes obvious that less coolant is required to heat the room, which means less fuel, and it is saved.

Comparison with a thermal imager: vacuum battery (left), cast iron (right)

Due to their design, the batteries are not airy, they can be slightly slagged. These devices can be installed in any heating system, the instructions for their operation allow you to do this.

It should also be noted the high safety and durability of these batteries. Having made an investment once, you will forget about problems with heating, and an autonomous home heating system will delight you.

Pump selection

There is a wide range of similar products in specialized stores. Moreover, there are both expensive and cheaper models. We will not describe the disadvantages and advantages of this equipment, if you are interested in it, then on our website there is a special article on this topic. Let's say one thing, if finances allow you, then it is better to purchase a pump from a proven company: Pedrollo, Grundfos, Wilo.

Circulation pump Grundfos

Conclusion

Do-it-yourself self-heating at home is more than a doable task. In order to translate it into reality, you need to familiarize yourself with the information on our website. The more information you get, the better you will know what you need.

otoplenie-gid.ru

Electric heating in a private house: how to heat a home without gas, firewood and diesel fuel

Electricity is one of the most expensive types of energy sources, but despite this, some owners of country cottages for various reasons choose it as the main source of heat for their homes. Moreover, knowing some secrets and nuances, you can significantly reduce the cost of paying for utilities. How to make electric heating of a private house with your own hands and not go broke on its operation, read on.

Heating your home with electricity is an effective way to provide yourself with heat

Self-assembly of the climatic network

Choosing the right system

A simple analysis of various heating schemes used in individual construction shows that water heating of a private house with electricity is most beneficial.

In this case, an electric boiler is used to heat the liquid (water or antifreeze), which then flows through the pipes to the heating radiators and there it gives the accumulated thermal energy to the air in the room. To ensure greater efficiency, an electric pump can be included in the circuit, accelerating the circulation of the coolant.

In the photo - a diagram of the operation of water heating with an electric boiler

This heating system is easy to install and operate. Installation does not require special skills or special permissions. You just need to make sure that the existing wiring and main power lines can withstand the load from connecting the boiler of your choice.

An electric water heating system for a private house consists of the following elements that must be purchased before making your own climate system:

Appliance	Description
Electric boiler	The power of this device depends on the area of ​​the heated premises, possible heat loss and several other factors. There are special formulas for calculating the amount of heat energy required for heating.
Circulation pump	Such equipment not only reduces the inertia of the system, allowing the house to heat up in a shorter time, but also saves electricity, increasing the heat transfer of the climate network as a whole.
Bypass	Installed with the pump. It is necessary to organize the overflow of liquid in the event of a breakdown of electrical equipment.
Expansion tank	Installed in a hot water heating system to compensate for pressure when heating a liquid. It is recommended to buy closed-type containers with a membrane. Although their price is slightly higher, they help to avoid losses of the coolant and can be placed not in the upper part of the system, but on the pipe supplying water to the boiler.
Pipelines	Necessary for transporting the heating agent from the boiler to the heating radiators. They also connect all other elements of the system. Polymer pipes are excellent for the system under consideration. If you decide to make a hidden gasket, you need to take parts made of metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene.
Underfloor heating	This is an optional element of the heating system, but it helps to significantly save electricity. In the described case, the initial heating of the air occurs with the help of radiators, and the “warm floor”, which requires less electricity, is responsible for maintaining a comfortable temperature.

A water heat-insulated floor will significantly increase the economy and efficiency of the climatic network

Note! Heating in a private house with electricity is completely dependent on the presence of voltage in the sockets. Therefore, in the event of an emergency power outage, the dwelling will be left without heat. To avoid this, you can purchase a combination heating equipment operating on several types of fuel.

So you can temporarily start the boiler on diesel fuel or wood, while waiting for the arrival of the repair team of electricians in the warmth.

The instructions for designing a heating system are quite simple.

Installation work is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Installation of an electric heating boiler. There are no subtleties here, except for the choice of power. It is better for a specialist to calculate this parameter, but the general recommendation says: 1 kW of thermal energy is needed for 18 m3 of heated area. In this case, it is advisable to adhere to the following tips:

• when installing equipment on the floor or hanging it on a wall, it is necessary to use a water or laser level, otherwise the liquid will be unevenly distributed in the heat exchanger, as a result of which it may boil and intensive formation of mineral deposits on heating elements;
• shut-off valves must be installed on the inlet and outlet pipes (it will allow you to turn off the boiler without draining the coolant);
• you need to connect the boiler to the electrical network using a cable of a suitable cross-section (preferably multi-core).

When installing an electric boiler, pay attention to the observance of the horizontal and vertical, otherwise a large amount of scale will form in it.

Note! Before connecting the boiler, you must make sure that the meter you have is capable of transferring this amount of energy. Powerful climatic equipment (over 10 kW) requires a three-phase current.

Take care of this in advance by contacting the organization that supplies the electricity.

The tightness of the climatic network depends on the quality of the installation of the pipeline system.

Advice! Before installing the system, it is necessary to correctly calculate its hydraulic resistance. Special computer programs will help.

Otherwise, water in pipes and radiators will not flow in the right direction, which will force you to start from scratch.

1. Construction of water heated floors. Although this element of the system, strictly speaking, is not mandatory, its installation in heating systems with an electric boiler can significantly save on utility bills. The supply of the coolant to the pipes under the floor can be organized by inserting it into the general system or equipping an additional circuit. The latter option is preferable, as it allows you to more accurately regulate the microclimate in the house.

An approximate diagram for connecting heating radiators and underfloor heating circuits

The heating system of a private house - electric or any other - will be more economical if you provide for the installation of mechanical, and better electronic thermostats, which change the operating modes of the boiler and the circulation pump depending on the temperature outside and in the house. In this case, energy resources will be consumed more economically.

Features and secrets

Let's dwell on some of the nuances, the observance of which allows us to make the heating system using electricity as comfortable, ergonomic and economical as possible:

• all electrical appliances are connected with the electrical circuit disconnected;
• each heating radiator must be equipped with an air valve (Mayevsky valve), which will be needed to remove air locks from the heating system that formed there after pouring the coolant;

A Mayevsky tap must be installed on each heating radiator

• if you decide to install an open expansion tank in the heating system, it must be installed at the highest point of the system - in the attic of the house;
• in order to make your electric heating system completely autonomous, it is advisable to purchase and install a diesel generator of the required power, which will turn on when the power supply is interrupted.

At the end of the installation, it is necessary to pressurize the heating circuits. For this, a special pneumatic device is used, but you can do without it. You just need to put the system into operation with a fluid pressure slightly higher than the design one and let it run for at least 24 hours. During this time, any flaws and defects in the installation will be identified.

Output

An electric heating system is a very easy to install and effective way to heat rooms. However, it cannot be classified as economical. To reduce costs, it is recommended to install multi-fuel boilers in the house. For more details, see the video.

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Electric heating: types and methods

It is not always possible to carry main gas, but electricity is everywhere (almost). How and with what device it is possible to make electric heating of a private house, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each method - about all this below.

Types of electric heating

Heating with electricity can be done in several ways. First of all, you should decide on the type of system that you want to implement. It will be traditional water heating, air or underfloor heating. All three systems can be used as a single heating method, as well as a combined one - any two or even all three. To be determined, you need to represent the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Electric heating does not have to be the same type

Water heating with electric boiler

Let's start with the merits. The most stable system, which, due to inertia, continues to maintain the temperature for some time after the boiler has stopped working. During operation, it dries the air to a minimum, it works almost silently. High maintainability. If you do not hide the heating pipes in the walls, they are always available for repair and replacement.

Water heating with an electric boiler is no different

The disadvantages are as follows. A complex system of pipes and radiators requires a lot of time and money at the installation stage. Due to the inertia, it is impossible to quickly change the temperature - it will not be possible to quickly heat the room. If the system is shut down in winter, it can collapse - if the water freezes in the pipes, it will burst. For serious repairs, a complete shutdown and drainage of the coolant is required.

Air heating on electric heaters

Heating of this type can be quickly installed. All you need is to buy heaters, hang them up and plug them in. The air begins to heat up immediately after switching on. When the system is frozen, it remains operational - there is nothing to freeze. Heating elements are not connected with each other. Failure of one does not affect the performance of others in any way. It can be easily repaired.

Hang up the heaters - that's all you need

The disadvantages of air heating are as follows. First, when the heaters are turned off, the temperature drops rapidly. To ensure continuous operation, a backup power supply system is required. The second - due to direct contact with the heating elements, the air dries up, measures / devices are needed to humidify the air. Third, many air heaters have built-in fans, which increase efficiency, but they are noisy.

Underfloor heating on electrical elements

Electric underfloor heating is the youngest heating system. Of all those described above, it provides the most comfortable conditions - the highest temperature is obtained at the level of the legs, and in the region of the head it is average. Also, this system is inert - while the solid floor heats up / cools down, a significant period of time passes. For this reason, after switching off, the temperature remains for some time. The complexity of installation depends on the type of electric underfloor heating. There are systems that require screeds (electric heating cables and mats), there are those that are mounted on a flat rigid base without wet works (film floor heating) and can be used to heat laminate, linoleum, etc.

Warm floors are of different types. This is a comfortable way to heat a private house with electricity.

Electric heating of a private house with underfloor heating also has disadvantages. The first is medium to low maintainability. There is no direct access to the heating system. You have to disassemble / break the floor. The second - the time and effort spent on the electric underfloor heating device cannot be called low. Systems requiring screeds are mounted for about a month (you cannot use the screed while the screed "matures"), a warm floor for "dry" installation can be assembled in a day, but the cost of heating elements is quite high.

What type of heating with electricity is the best

As you can see, it will not work to say which type of electric heating is the best in the house. There is no ideal. It is necessary to proceed from the operating conditions:

The above is based on majority choice. This does not mean that it is impossible to make air electric heating of a private house in a house with permanent residence. You can, and they do. You just need to clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages.

Electric boilers for hot water heating

One of the key positions in the installation of water heating at home is the boiler. Electric boilers are of three types:

They all heat water using electricity, but use different processes and technologies. Each of the types has advantages and disadvantages, which we will talk about in more detail.

Electric boilers TENovye

The working element in these heating boilers is an electrically tubular heater, abbreviated as a heating element. It is made of a material that generates heat when an electric current passes through it. This element is enclosed in an electrically insulating tube, the space between the heating element and the tube is filled with sand - for more efficient heat transfer from the heating coil to the body. The water in the boiler flows around the heating element, heating up from its walls.

Heating element device

As is clear from the description, an electric boiler of this type does not have a very high efficiency - there are too many losses during heat transfer. But boilers with heating elements are popular, due to the fact that they have a relatively low cost, heating elements are easily replaced. Another disadvantage of boilers of this type can be called large dimensions - you need a container for heating water,

In order for electric heating of a private house based on a boiler with heating elements to be economical, it must have the following functions:

Such models are expensive, but heating bills come in less, since at any given time there are as many heaters as needed to maintain the desired temperature. This is how savings are achieved.

There is one more point: the system must be of a closed type. The fact is that when water is heated, limescale forms on the surface of the heating elements, which significantly reduces the efficiency of water heating. In a closed-type system, a certain amount of water circulates and there is simply nowhere to "achieve" a raid. If the system is planned to be open, it will have to use water with a minimum amount of salts. Ideally distilled.

Induction electric boilers

It has long been noticed that an object falling into a magnetic field heats up. The operation of induction heating boilers is based on this phenomenon. It is essentially a large induction coil through which a current is passed. Water flows through the induction field, heats up, enters the system.

The principle of operation of an electric boiler operating on electromagnetic induction

Advantages of an induction boiler:

The disadvantages of these boilers are a higher price (in comparison with heating elements boilers of similar power). The second minus is that it is necessary to monitor the level of the coolant in the system. There is no way to control it automatically, therefore constant checks are required. If it is not enough, the coil will overheat. If this state of affairs persists for some time, the body may even melt. This is one of the important points.

Otherwise, the reliability of this boiler is high - there is nothing to burn out, since the conductor through which the current flows does not heat up significantly. After all, the formation of heat occurs in the liquid.

Electrode heating boilers

These electric heating boilers use the phenomenon of electrolysis. When ions move to an electrode with a corresponding charge, heat is released. An alternating voltage Hz is supplied to the electrodes in this boiler. So the polarity of the electrodes changes 50 times per second. As a result, the movement of ions, accompanied by the release of heat, does not stop and the heat is carried through the heating system.

The difference between heating elements and electrode boilers is in the heating area

Advantages of electrode boilers:

• The heat carrier is heated "from the inside", while the entire volume of liquid inside the boiler is heated. So the energy efficiency of such equipment is high, it takes less time to reach the set temperature. This leads to lower heating costs. This is what the manufacturers say, and the owners of these boilers confirm.
• Small size.
• Lack of coolant is not a problem. The equipment just won't work. Water will be added to the system, everything will work.
• Low cost.
• Simple installation.

These are all the real advantages of electrode heating boilers. The main advantage is that this equipment can be left to work unattended.

Disadvantages of this heating equipment:

The described disadvantages, rather, can be attributed to the features of the operation. In general, electric heating of a private house with an electrode boiler suits many. All that is needed is to properly prepare the water (add salt) or fill in a special coolant.

A few words about the cost of electric boilers

If you look at the prices of electric heating boilers, then heating boilers really have a higher price tag, and electrode or induction ones - much less. But do not flatter yourself. In reality, the difference will not be so striking.

All the necessary elements are built into the heating elements
Electrode and induction boilers are supplied only with a control unit, and even then not always
At first glance, the difference is big

Under the casing of the heating element boiler, in addition to the tank for heating water and heating elements, there is also a circulation pump, a temperature sensor, a control device and an expansion tank. That is, you don't need to buy anything extra.

The price tag for an electrode and induction boiler is only the boiler itself, sometimes complete with a control unit, and even then not always. Sometimes controls need to be purchased separately. All other parts of the system that electric water heating of a private house needs - an expansion tank, a circulation pump, sensors - all these devices will have to be bought separately. That's for sure. Perhaps the amount spent as a result will be less than the cost of the heating element boiler, but the difference will clearly not be as large as it seems at first glance. And this must be remembered.

Heating a house with electric heaters

Electric heating of a private house can be done on the basis of electric heaters. It can be done based on:

What attracts most of all in the idea of ​​electric air heating of a private house is the absence of the need to build a complex and expensive system. All you need is sockets and sufficient dedicated power at home. Heating itself can be organized using a variety of devices.

Air convectors

By the method of installation, they are:

An air convector of any type has a similar structure: there is a heating element (TEN) with fins - for better heat transfer. The required temperature is set on the thermostat, which turns on / off the heater as needed. There are openings in the housing for better air circulation. The lower ones are for the intake of cold air, the upper ones are for the output of the heated one. In this case, circulation occurs naturally, but in this case the air moves slowly, also slowly spreading heat. For a more active set of temperatures, fans are built into some models, which speed up the process.

The device of a modern convector electric heater

Three types - wall, ceiling, floor - practically do not require installation. For wall hooks, two hooks screwed into the wall are needed, ceiling hooks are attached with dowels or self-tapping screws to the ceiling, floor hooks with the same fasteners, but to the floor. But with the other two types - plinth and trench - the situation is different.

As the name implies, skirting boards are mounted instead of skirting boards and have a corresponding look. The difference from heating with conventional convectors is that the air comes out near the wall, gradually heating it. When heated, it starts to work as a large radiator, maintaining the temperature in the room for some time after turning off the convector. The disadvantage is that until the wall (s) heats up, the air heats up very slowly. So electric heating of a private house on skirting convectors is suitable for permanent residence.

Skirting convectors - an inconspicuous method of electric heating

Floor convectors have a different difference. They work like conventional convectors, but are built into the floor. They have a depth of at least 10 cm (these are the "shallowest" ones), so their installation is possible only at the stage of repair. Moreover, the floor usually has to be lifted. But this is the most unobtrusive heating method. It is indispensable if you need to heat a French window or solid glazing.

Oil heaters

Electric heating of a private house using oil heaters is not done very often. They are more used as a remedy in case of abnormal cold weather. Although they do their job well, fewer convectors dry the air. The heating element is the same heating element and it is inserted into a container filled with oil. Due to its energy intensity, it stores little a large amount of heat and only then begins to emit it. Warmth that is more pleasant for a person emanates from the walls of these heaters. It looks more like heat from a heated earth or stove.

Oil heaters for electric heating of a private house

The disadvantage of oil heaters is that it takes a long time for the oil to warm up. That is, due to their inertia, they can only be used on a long-term basis - in houses with permanent residence. At dachas - only for the duration of long visits, since they are not able to quickly heat the room.

Oil heaters are often produced on casters - this is a mobile "emergency" option. There are wall models. Here they can be used to heat the house.

Ceramic heating panels

In ceramic heating panels, the heating element is located close to the glass ceramic front panel. This panel heats up to 80-90 ° C, after which it begins to radiate heat in the infrared range. This is exactly the heat that the sun emits.

Installation of ceramic heating panels for electric heating of a private house

Like any heating element, this one "works" in two directions and heats the opposite side. To reduce heat losses on the back side, a screen is installed between the back panel and the heating element, reflecting some of the heat towards the ceramic. This increases the heating efficiency.

When calculating conventional heaters (except infrared), take 1 kW of electric heater power per 10 square meters of area. But if it is decided to make electric heating of a private house on the basis of ceramic heating panels, it is recommended to count 0.5 kW for the same area. And a video review of the work of such a panel confirms the validity of this approach. But, in order to prevent the heater from working at the power limit in cold weather, it is better to count 0.6 kW per square. And then on condition that you have "standard" ceilings.

Infrared emitters

Another way to organize electric heating of a private house is to use infrared heaters. Their main difference is that it is not the air that heats up, but objects falling into the range of infrared waves. The air is already warming up from them. That is, this method of heating is identical to how the sun "works" - first the earth heats up, and from it - the air.

One of the options for heating a private house with electricity is the use of infrared heaters

This method turns out to be the most effective. In any case, a person in a room heated by such devices says that he is warm at lower temperatures. The difference is 3-4 ° C. That is, this method of heating allows you to spend less electricity. And one more positive moment - heated objects (and these are walls and a ceiling too) accumulate heat, and then maintain the temperature after turning off the heaters.

Automatic heating boilers