) - the self-proclaimed state administration body in the USSR, consisting of representatives of the management of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Government of the USSR, which carried out on August 18-21, 1991 attempted to resist M.S. Gorbachev from the post of President of the USSR, the seizure of power in the country, changing the political course. The August 1991 events ended with the arrest of the members of the GCCP predetermined the collapse of the USSR.

The political and economic crisis, which experienced the USSR since the late 1980s, threatened the existence of a socialist building in the Soviet state, the hegemony of the Communist Party in Him, the unity of the country. Part of the Soviet leadership saw the causes of negative phenomena in the restructuring policies and publicity, which was held by the USSR President and Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPSU M.S. Gorbachev. In their opinion, inconsistency, excessive liberalism, the carelessness of Gorbachev led to the fact that the frank enemies of socialism were able to deploy a wide protest movement in the USSR, to weaken the state discipline, paralyzing the effectiveness of the force structures.

USSR GKCP Vice-President of the USSR Gennady Ivanovich Yanaev (Chairman of the GCCP), Prime Minister of the USSR Valentin Sergeevich Pavlov, First Deputy Chairman of the USSR Defense Council Oleg Dmitrievich Baklanov, Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Vladimir Alexandrovich Khoochkov, Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR Boris Karlovich Pugo, Minister Defense of the USSR Dmitry Timofeevich Yazov, President of the Association of State Enterprises and Objects of the Industry, Construction, Transport and Communication of the USSR, Alexander Ivanovich Peiakov, Chairman of the Peasant Union of the USSR Vasily Aleksandrovich Starodubtsev. August 18, 1991 President of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev by the forces of specially created power groups was isolated in his residence in Foros (Crimea), where he was with his family on vacation.

On the morning of August 19, the members of the GCCP made a television appeal, announced the introduction of a state of emergency for six months, entering the troops to Moscow, the introduction of censorship in the media and the prohibition of a number of these, the abolition of a number of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens. However, there were no effective measures to ensure the regime of emergency. This allowed the enemies of the GCCP, first of all, the leadership of the RSFSR led by B.N. Yeltsin, the city authorities of Moscow and Leningrad, organize powerful resistance. By calling the Russian authorities, the House of Soviets Russian Federation (White House) gathered masses of Muscovites, among which were representatives of various social groups: a democratically minded public, student youth, intelligentsia, veterans of the Afghan war. The actions of the GCCP were qualified as a coup. On August 21, 1991, all members of the GCCP were arrested, with the exception of the USSR Minister of Internal Affairs of Boris Pugo.

In addition to members of the GCC, they were brought to criminal liability of persons who, according to the investigation, actively contributed to the GCCP. Among them were the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR A.I. Lukyanov, Member of Politburo Central Committee CPSS O.S. Shenin, First Secretary of the Moscow City Council of the CPSU Yu.A. Prokofiev, General Army V.I. Varennikov, Head of the General Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU V.I. Boldin, Head of President of the USSR V.T. Medvedev, Deputy Chairman of the KGB of the USSR G.E. Ageev, Head of the Security of the Residence in Foros V.V. Generals. Publicly supported the GCCP leader of the liberal-democratic party V.V. Zhirinovsky, but he was not attracted to justice, because he did not occupy any state position.

The actions of the members of the GCCP and their supporters were considered by the investigation, but did not receive a legal assessment, since in 1994 all the arrested members of the GCP were amnestied before the court. Before the court voluntarily appeared not only in the committee of V.I. Varennikov, who was justified.

The temporary governing body and the group of senior leaders of the USSR, which committed August 19-21, 1991, an attempt to establish a state of emergency in the USSR, characterized by other political forces as a coup.

In the context of the crisis of restructuring policies, a number of senior managers decided to prevent the new Union Agreement on August 20, 1991, which weakened the powers of the Union Center (in reality and so thinning control over the country). Hoping to protect the USSR as a centralized state, on August 17, a group of future members of the GCCP gathered at a meeting on a change in the course of state policy to more authoritarian for the sake of preserving the USSR. On August 18, the secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU O. Shenin, First Deputy Chairman of the USSR Defense Council of the USSR, V. Boldin, First Deputy Chairman of the USSR President of the USSR, V. Boldin, Head of the Security Department of the USSR Yu. Plekhanov, Deputy Minister of Defense, Head of the President of the USSR USSR V. Varennikov, etc. They demanded that the president introduce a state of emergency in the country. According to the participants in this conversation, Gorbachev answered vaguely, recommended to act, but the documents proposed on the signature did not freeze the introduction of the emergency. A link was turned off at Gorbachev, but the guard of Gorbachev retained the loyalty to the President of the USSR.

On the morning of August 19, from reports of all official media, the country learned that M. Gorbachev could not fulfill the duties of the USSR president. Therefore, his powers are transferred to Vice President G.I. Yanaev, it was decided to introduce a state of emergency in separate localities of the USSR for a period of 6 months. To manage the country, the State Committee for Emergency Regulations in the USSR composed of: Baklanov OD - First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Defense of the USSR, Crochekov V.A. - Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, Pavlov V.S. - Prime Minister of the USSR, Pugo B.K. - Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Starodubtsev V.A. - Chairman of the Peasant Union of the USSR, Tiazykov A.I. - President of the Association of State Enterprises and Industry, Construction, Transport and Communication and Communication of the USSR, Yazov D.T. - Minister of Defense of the USSR, Yanaev G.I. - Acting President of the USSR. The calculation of the GCCP criticized negative consequences Perestroika and called to strengthen state power. It tried to combine Soviet-Communist stereotypes with holder-patriotic and moderately liberal views. His contradictory nature and predominance of democrats in the public movement of this time excluded noticeable performances in support of the GCCP. For the democratic community, the appeal was an example of the reactionary demagogue.

On August 19, armored vehicles and troops were introduced to Moscow, which were under the protection of key government agencies. At the same time, arrests were arrested key leaders of the democratic movement of the 80s - early 90s. Gkchp sought pressure on them, but refrained from repression. According to one of the versions, the Alpha KGB group received an order to arrest B. Yeltsin, but refused to perform it. Gkchp decided to temporarily limit the list of newspapers and other periodic publications by 9 official newspapers: "Labor", "Working Tribune", Izvestia, "True", "Red Star", "Soviet Russia", "Moscow True", " Lenin's banner, "rural life.

The actions of the GCCP were perceived in the country as a coup. The Manege Square and the area at the central entrance to the House of Soviets of the RSFSR ("White House") in Moscow were filled with supporters of democracy. B. Yeltsin arrived here and read the appeal "to the citizens of Russia", which argued that the power methods in solving political problems are unacceptable, all decisions of the GCCP are declared illegal, the immediate convening of the Emergency Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR is necessary. Yeltsin declared a universal indefinite strike and demanded an independent medical examination of Gorbachev, since all the legitimacy of the GCCP was based solely on his illness. Barricade building began at the building of the House of Soviets of Russia, where tens of thousands of people were on duty, ready to defend deputies and leadership of Russia.

Faced with decisive resistance, members of the GCC did not know what to do. During their speech at a press conference, Yanaev trembled hands, which showed the whole country the psychological weakness of dictatorship.

The coup caused a contradictory response in the regions of Russia and the Republics of the USSR. Part of the leaders recognized the GCCP, part - waited. Gkchp strongly condemned most countries of the West. The Supreme Council of Russia announced the GCCP outside the law. On the side of the defenders of the "White House", several tanks were transferred (on the arc version, they only changed the dislocation), which instilled in the mass of democrats the confidence that the army would not suppress mass manifestations.

Once in political isolation, the leaders of the GCC did not dare to assault the "White House". But during the patrol of the garden ring, armored personnel carriers on the night of August 21, clashes occurred between soldiers and demonstrators, during which three demonstrators were killed.

On the morning of August 21, the GCCP announced the withdrawal of troops. His leaders went to Foros to negotiate Gorbachev. They were sent to the armed delegation of supporters of Yeltsin, led by Vice-President of the RSFSR A. Rutsky. They arrested part of the GKCP leaders. The rest were arrested in Moscow. When attempting arrest on August 22, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR Pugo was shot along with his wife. The central streets of Moscow were filled with the journal people. The crowd demolished the monument to F. Dzerzhinsky at Lubyanskaya Square.

On August 22, Gorbachev flew to Moscow, and soon it turned out that he lost real power in the country. She moved to republican leaders and above all to B. Yeltsin. Speech by the GCCP disrupted the signing of an allied contract, provoked the declaration of independence by the majority of the Republics of the USSR, which decided to distance themselves from the unpredictable Moscow, accelerated the collapse of the USSR.

Sources:

August-91. M., 1991; Gorbachev M. Life and reforms. M., 1996; Yeltsin B.N. Note president. M., 1994; Red or white? Drama Augustus: Facts, hypothesis, collision of opinions. M., 1992; Stepankov V., Foxes E. Kremlin plot: version of the investigation. M., 1992; Chernyaev A.S. Six years with Gorbachev. On diary records. M., 1993.

State Committee for Emergency Regulations in the USSR (GCCP) - a body created near the highest public faces USSR on the night of August 19, 1991, members of the Committee: O. D. Baklanov - First Deputy. Previous Council of Defense of the USSR; V. A. Crochekov - before. KGB of the USSR; V. S. Pavlov - Prime Minister; B. K. Pugo - Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR; V. A. Starodubtsev - before Peasant union of the USSR; A. I. Peiakov - before Associations of state-owned enterprises and facilities of industry, construction, transport and communication of the USSR; D. T. Yazov - Minister of Defense of the USSR; G. I. Yanayev - Vice-President of the USSR, announced by the acting President of the USSR (instead of an allegedly ill, and in fact, insulated in the country in Foros (Crimea) M. S. Gorbachev).

GKCP formed in a discussion of the new Union Treaty on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Sovereign States (SSG) instead . Some participants in the meeting in Novo-Ogarevo insisted on the Confederation, others on the federation. The contract was supposed to sign on August 20, 1991, but the conspirators threw his conclusion.

From 4 hours on August 19, 1991, a state of emergency was announced in the country, censored was introduced; Special purpose troops KGB were brought into an increased combat readiness, some army parts were sent to Moscow (tanks).

The published statement explained the purpose of the creation of the GCCP: overcoming the "deep and comprehensive crisis, political, interethnic and civil confrontation, chaos and anarchy, which threaten the life and security of citizens Soviet Union, sovereignty, territorial integrity, freedom and independence of our Fatherland ... ".

However, the President of the RSFSR B. N. Yeltsin and the wide circles of the public refused to submit to the orders of the GCCP; The President and the Supreme Council (Sun) of the RSFSR adopted its decrees, calling the citizens to defend democracy. The White House in Moscow (place of meetings of the Sun) and in other areas gathered rallies and went demonstrations (during one of them D. Commer, I. Krichevsky and V. Usov, who tried to stop tanks).

The attempt of the state coup was torn. Participants of the "August Putch 1991" - members of the GCCP and their few supporters (except B. K. Pugo, who committed suicide) - were arrested under Article 64 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR - treason of the Motherland in order to capture power. They threatened the shooting or 15 years of imprisonment of the strict regime. However, in 1994, the former members of the GCCP were amnestied. (Only Army General V. I. Varennikov appeared before the court, which was not part of the Committee, but supported conspirators and did not accept amnesty.)

After failure of the GKCP structure of the USSR state power were paralyzed or broke up. The "parade of sovereignty" was activated - eight more republics declared its independence. The process of concluding an agreement on the SSG was rugged. The CPSU was forbidden and dissolved. M. S. Gorbachev returned to power, but actually lost the leadership of the country and in December 1991 was forced to resign. The full disintegration of the USSR and the signing of Belovezhsky agreements became the natural result of those socio-political processes that were trying to prevent the members of the GCCP.

Orlov A.S., Georgiev N.G., Georgiev V.A. Historical dictionary. 2nd ed. M., 2012, p. 135-136.

From the appeal of the State Committee on Emergency Regulations in the USSR to the Soviet people. August 18, 1991

All members of the GCCP were arrested, with the exception of the USSR Minister of Internal Affairs Boris Pugo.

From the point of view of the creators of the GCCP, their actions were aimed at restoring legality in the USSR and stopping the decay of the state. Their actions did not receive a legal assessment, since in all arrested members of the GCCP were amnestied before the court. The court voluntarily appeared only not to the committee V. I. Varennikov, who was justified.

Education GKCP

Preparation of the Committee's creation

From "Conclusion According to the materials of the investigation of the role and participation of officials of the KGB of the USSR in the events of August 19-21, 1991":

... In December 1990, the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Kryuchkov V. A. instructed the former Deputy Head of the PGU KGB of the USSR Zhizhin V. I. and Assistant former first Deputy Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Grushko V. F. Egorov A. G. to work out possible primary measures to stabilize the situation in the country in case of a state of emergency. From the end of 1990 to the beginning of August 1991, Kryuchkov V. A., together with other future members of the GCCP, made possible political and other measures to introduce an emergency in the USSR by the constitutional way. Without receiving the support of the President of the USSR and the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, from the beginning of August 1991, they began to carry out concrete measures to prepare the introduction of a state of emergency illegal way.

From 7 to 15 August, hooks V. A. repeatedly conducted meetings with some members of the future GkchP on the secret object of the CSB of the USSR Code name under the codenate name WBCF. In the same period of the time of Zhuzhin V.I. and Egorov, A. G. In directions, Kryuchkov conducted an adjustment of the December documents on the issues of introducing a state of emergency. They are with the participation of the former Lieutenant General Grachev Commander of the Airborne Forces by the airborne troops of P.S. prepared for Kryuchkova V. A. Data on the possible reaction of the country's population for the introduction in the constitutional form of a state of emergency. The content of these documents was then reflected in the official decrees, appeals and orders of the GCCP. August 17 V. I. participated in the preparation of the abstracts of the speech of Kryuchkova V. A. on television in the event of an emergency.

Participants in the conspiracy at various stages of its implementation were given by the KGB of the USSR a decisive role in:

• eliminate from the authority of the USSR president by his isolation;
• blocking the probable attempts to president of the RSFSR to resist the activities of the GCCP;
• establishing constant control over the location of the leaders of the RSFSR authorities, Moscow, known for their democratic views of the People's Deputies of the USSR, RSFSR and Mossovet, major public figures for the purpose of their subsequent detention;
• implementation in conjunction with parts Soviet army and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the building of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR with the subsequent intercourse of those captured in it, including the leadership of Russia.

from August 17 to 19, some special-purpose troops of the KGB of the USSR and the SPSA special forces of the KGB of the USSR were given in increased combat readiness and redocked in advance selected places to participate in conjunction with the SA and the Ministry of Internal Affairs divisions in the emergency regime activities. Forces of specially created groups on August 18, the President of the USSR Gorbachev was isolated at the place of rest in Foros, and for the president of the RSFSR Yeltsin and other opposition-minded persons, an outdoor observation was established.

Members of the GCCP

1. Baklanov Oleg Dmitrievich (1932) - First Deputy Chairman of the USSR Defense Council, member of the CPSU Central Committee.
2. Kryuchkov Vladimir Alexandrovich (1924-2007) - Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, member of the CPSU Central Committee.
3. Pavlov Valentin Sergeevich (1937-2003) - Prime Minister of the USSR.
4. Pugu Boris Karlovich (1937-1991) - Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR, member of the CCC CPSU.
5. Starodubtsev Vasily Aleksandrovich (1931) - Chairman of the Peasant Union of the USSR, a member of the CPSU Central Committee.
6. Tyzykov Alexander Ivanovich (1926) - President of the Association of State Enterprises and Industry, Construction, Transport and Communication of the USSR.
7. Yazov Dmitry Timofeevich (born in 1923) - Minister of Defense of the USSR, member of the CPSU Central Committee.
8. Yanaev Gennady Ivanovich (born in 1937) - Vice-President of the USSR, Chairman of the GCCP, member of the CPSU Central Committee.

Political Positions of GCCP

In the first appeal, the GCCP appreciated the general mood in the country as very skeptical to the new political course on the dismantling of a strongly centralized federation structure of the country, a single-party political system and state regulation of the economy, rejected negative phenomena, which the new course, according to the compilers, caused Life, as a speculation and shadow economy, proclaimed that "the development of the country cannot be built on the fall in the population of the population," and promised the strict guidance of the order in the country and the solution of the main economic problems, not mentioning, however, about concrete measures.

Events August 19-21 1991

After the August events

1. The Russian leadership, which headed the struggle against the GCCP, provided the political victory of the Supreme Bodies of Russia over the Allied Center. Since the fall of 1991, the Constitution and the Laws of the RSFSR, the Congress of People's Deputies and the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, and the President of the RSFSR received full supremacy over the laws of the USSR in Russia. Over rare exceptions, the leaders of the regional authorities of the RSFSR, who supported the GCCP were removed from office.
2. The USSR republics announced their independence (in chronological order):
3. The structures of the USSR power were paralyzed and broke up.
4. The process of concluding a new Union Agreement (Union of Sovereign States) was ripped.
5. The CPSU was forbidden and dissolved.
6. The President of the USSR Gorbachev returned to power, but actually lost the authority and was forced to resign at the end of 1991.

"Participants" and "Sympathizing"

After the failure of the August Putch, in addition to members of the GCCP, some persons were brought to criminal responsibility, according to the investigation, actively promoted the GCCP. All of them were liberated by amnesty in 1994. Among the "partners" appeared:

• Lukyanov Anatoly Ivanovich (1930) - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR; His appeal was broadcast on TV and radio along with the main documents of the GCCP.
• Shenin Oleg Semenovich (1937-2009) - Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
• Prokofiev Yuri Anatolyevich (1939) - Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, 1st Secretary of the MGC CPSU.
• Varennikov Valentin Ivanovich (1923-2009) - General of the Army.
• Boldin Valery Ivanovich (1935-2006) - Head of the General Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU.
• Medvedev Vladimir Timofeevich (1937) - General KGB, Head of Guard of Gorbachev.
• Ageev Genius Evgenievich (1929-1994) - Deputy Chairman of the KGB of the USSR.
• Generals Vyacheslav Vladimirovich (born in 1946) - Head of the guard of the Residence Gorbachev in Foros

Court over GKCP

Formally it turns out that each of these people, except Varennikov, who adopted an amnesty, as if he agreed that he was guilty, and as if he agreed that he was guilty to what he was accused of, including 64 -I article. Formally. But they all took amnesty with the reservation: "I am innocent. And only because we are tired, we are tired, in the interests of society, in the interests of the state, responding to the decision of the State Duma of amnesty, only therefore we accept amnesty. "

Dushanbe, 19 Aug - Sputnik. Twenty-five years ago, an attempt was attempted to a state coup in the USSR: a self-proclaimed body was created in Moscow - the State Committee for Emergency Regulation (GCCP), which existed until August 21, 1991.

On the night of August 18-19, 1991, representatives of the Supreme Guide of the USSR, disagree with the policy of the Reforms of the President of the country, Mikhail Gorbachev and the project of the New Allied Treaty, was created by the SSSR GkchP.

The main objective of the ticks was to prevent the liquidation of the USSR, which, in their opinion, should have started on August 20 during the signing of the Allied Treaty. According to the Treaty, the USSR should have been transformed into the federation. The new federal state was supposed to be called the Union of Sovereign Soviet republics, with the former abbreviation - the USSR.

USSR GKCHP entered the USSR Vice-President, USSR Prime Minister Valentin Pavlov, USSR Department Minister Boris Pugo, USSR Defense Minister Dmitry Yazov, Chairman of the State Security Committee (KGB) Vladimir Kryuchkov, First Deputy Chairman of the USSR Defense Council Oleg Baklanov, Chairman The Peasant Union of the USSR Vasily Starodubtsev, President of the Association of State Enterprises and Industry, Construction, Transport and Communication and Communication of the USSR, Alexander Peiakov.

The Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR Defense, the head of the land forces Valentin Varennikov, Head of the USSR President Valery Boldin, Member of the Politburo and Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Oleg Shenin, Head of the USSR President Vyacheslav General Plekhanov, Head of the Security Council of the USSR Yuri Plekhanov, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Anatoly Lukyanov and some others.

Gkchp relied on the forces of the KGB (group "Alpha"), the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Division them. Dzerzhinsky) and the Ministry of Defense (Tula Division of the Airborne Forces, Taman Motorized Relice Division, Kantemirovskaya Tank Division).

Information support to the offenders provided guestReadio. The nominal head of conspirators was the Vice-President of the USSR Gennady Yanaev.

On August 19, 1991, the day before the signing of the new Union Treaty, the media passed the "statement of the Soviet leadership", which was, in connection with the impossibility of the health of the Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich, the duties of the President of the USSR, in accordance with Article 127.7 of the USSR Constitution of the President of the President Union of SSR Gennadia Yanayev go to Vice President Gennady Yanayev, an emergency situation is introduced in separate localities of the USSR for a period of six months from four o'clock in Moscow time on August 19, 1991, and the State Committee for Emergency Regulation in the USSR (GCCP of the USSR) is formed.

The decision of the SCPP No. 1 prescribed to suspend the activities of political parties, public organizations, prohibited the holding of rallies, street processions. Resolution No. 2 banned the release of all newspapers, except for the newspaper "Labor", "Working Tribune", Izvestia, "True", "Red Star", "Soviet Russia", "Moscow Pravda", "Leninsky Banner", "Rural Life ".

Almost all television programs have stopped.

The USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev, at that time was on vacation in the Crimea, was isolated at the government dacha in the Crimean village of Foros.

On the morning of August 19, troops and combat vehicles They took the nodal points on the highways leading to the center of Moscow, and surrounded the area adjacent to the Kremlin. Several tens of tanks close to the House of the Supreme Council and the Government of the RSFSR on the Krasnopresnenskaya Embankment (White House).

In total, about four thousand servicemen, 362 tanks, 427 armored personnel carriers and infantry combat vehicles (BMP) were introduced into Moscow. Additional parts of the airborne troops (airborne) were transferred in the vicinity of Leningrad, Tallinn, Tbilisi, Riga.

The response was mass demonstrations and protest rallies in Moscow, Leningrad and a number of other cities of the country.

Putchists' resistance was headed by the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin and the leadership of Russia. Yeltsin signed decrees No. 59 and No. 61, where the creation of the GCCP was qualified as an attempt of the state coup; The allied executive bodies, including the power structures, were reconciled by the President of the RSFSR.

The GKCP resistance center was the House of Soviets of the RSFSR (White House). According to the call of the Russian authorities, the White House has gathered masses of Muscovites, among which were representatives of various social groups from a democratically minded public, student youth, intelligentsia to war veterans in Afghanistan.

On the very first day, the tank company of the Taman division passed on the side of the defenders of the White House.

Boris Yeltsin, standing on the tank, read out "appeal to citizens of Russia," in which the actions of the GCCP "reactionary, anti-constitutional coup" and called on citizens of the country "to give a worthy answer to the offenders and demand to return the country to normal constitutional development." The appeal was signed by the President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR Ivan Silay, I.O. Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR Ruslan Khassbulatov.

On the evening of August 19, the press conference of members of the GCCP was shown on television. It was absent Valentin Pavlov, who developed hypertensive crisis. The members of the GCCP were noticeably nervous; The whole world bypassed the shots of the shaking hands of Gennady Yanayev.

A volunteer detachments of defenders for defense of the building from the storming of government troops gathered around the White House.

On the night of August 21, in the underground transport tunnel at the intersection of the Kalininsky Avenue (now the new Arbat street) and the Garden Ring during the maneuvering of BMP killed three civilians - Dmitry Komstruy, Vladimir Usov and Ilya Krychevsky.

For three days it became clear that the Society was not supported by the Society.

© Sputnik / Sergey Titov

On the morning of August 21, the conclusion of troops from Moscow began, at 11 o'clock 30 minutes the emergency session of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR took place. On August 22, the USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev and his family returned to Moscow by the Tu-134 Plane of the Russian leadership.

All members of the GCCP (with the exception of the committed life of Boris Pugo's suicide) and helped them Deputy Defense Minister General of the Army of Valentin Varennikov, as well as a number of other figures (including the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Anatoly Lukyanov) were arrested. They were charged under Article 64 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (treason of the Motherland).

On February 23, 1994, the members of the GCCP were released from prison on amnesty announced by the State Duma.

© Sputnik / Yuri Abramochkin