More economical lighting control
Sooner or later, thoughts about energy saving, especially in entrances and stairwells, visit every citizen. In most cases, it turns out that it is either dark in the entrances, or the lights are on around the clock. A lot of smart people have worked hard to solve this urgent problem, and the so-called energy saving program initially came to the taste of many. At the entrance or in the corridor, in several places, the buttons "stop" and "start" were installed, with the help of which the light control relay was switched on and off. The positive side of this solution is the simplicity of the scheme and minimal cash costs, for savings you cannot find better. The negative side is that in the dark you have to examine the wall for a long time in search of these buttons, and then, which is important for energy saving, do not forget to turn off the light.
Unfortunately, this solution to the issue was defeated due to the human factor. After analyzing the previous errors, the engineering thought gives the next solution to the problem - the shutdown timer. The switches were also located near each apartment, and the direct switching off of the light occurred after a certain time, which was quite enough to go down several flights of stairs. Thus, the creators got rid of the influence of the human factor, but they failed to study the wall in the dark every day.
In the process of further work on energy saving in entrances and stairwells, the third solution to this problem came - a motion sensor. Several sensors turn on any number of bulbs, as long as movement is observed within the sensor's range, it will be turned on, after the movement has ceased to be observed, the timer starts counting down so that a person can open the door. As soon as the set time has elapsed, the sensors will turn off the light. As a result of such a device, the efficiency of energy saving increases several times, because as soon as a moving object enters the range, the motion sensor immediately turns on the light, and then turns it off itself. Motion sensors are successfully used in corridors, on staircases, in entrances.

Requirements for lighting staircases of residential buildings
In houses with at least three floors, the stairwells of which have sources of natural light, artificial lighting should be carried out by turning it on for a certain time, and there should be enough time for a person to climb to the last floor. The same devices should also illuminate the corridors. As for evacuation lighting, lighting for elevators, areas in front of elevators, the first floor, entrances and approaches to the house, it should be provided from control rooms automatically or remotely at nightfall and turned off at sunrise.
Houses that have more than five floors and were built before 1990, as an exception, may not use energy-saving systems, and use light without short-term switching on. In this case, it is necessary to provide lighting from dispatching points.
Whatever lighting control systems are used in the building, blocking must also be considered, which makes it possible to turn on and off the evacuation lighting from the switchboard at any time of the day or night.
Devices providing switching on and off lighting should be located in easily accessible places. In addition, there must be a device on each staircase to turn on short-term lighting on all floors. To control lighting on a floor, one device should be placed in three apartments.

Where: Housing Control Service and
construction supervision of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
660049, Krasnoyarsk, st. P. Commune, 33

From Surname First Name Patronymic
66XXXX, Krasnoyarsk,
st. Street, d. XX, apt. XX
Tel. (XXX) XXX-XX-XX
E -mail:your-email @your-email

STATEMENT
on violation of the requirements for the maintenance of common property
in an apartment building

At the address Krasnoyarsk Territory, Krasnoyarsk, st. Street, house XX there is no lighting in the entrance number 4 on the stairwells of the 1,2,3,4 floors... Thus, the management company LLC "Management Company" violates the Rules and Norms for the technical operation of the housing stock (approved by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation No. 170 of September 27, 2003), the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building (approved by the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 No. 491 ), The Housing Code of the Russian Federation in Part 1 of Art. 161 ZhK RF, part 2 of Art. 162 LCD RF.

In accordance with clause 4.8.14 of the Rules and Norms for the technical operation of the housing stock (approved by the Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 No. 170) staircase lighting must be in good working order... The rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock, determined by the Resolution of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003, No. 170, are mandatory for managing organizations.

In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 161 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the management of an apartment building should ensure favorable and safe living conditions for citizens, the proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building.

In accordance with Part 2 of Art. 162 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the management company, on the instructions of the owners of premises in an apartment building, within an agreed period for a fee undertakes to perform work and (or) provide services for the management of an apartment building, provide services for the proper maintenance and repair of common property in such a building, and carry out other activities aimed at achieving purposes of management of an apartment building activities

In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 165 of the RF LCD, the payment for the maintenance and repair of a dwelling is set in an amount that ensures the maintenance of common property in an apartment building in accordance with the requirements of the law.

In accordance with clause 10 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 491 dated 13.08.2006), common property must be maintained in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation (including on sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, technical regulation , consumer protection) in a state that ensures compliance with the reliability and safety characteristics of an apartment building; safety for the life and health of citizens, the safety of property of individuals and legal entities, state, municipal and other property; availability of use of residential and (or) non-residential premises, common areas; observance of the rights and legitimate interests of the owners of premises, as well as other persons.

In accordance with the above, the management company is obliged to maintain the common property in the apartment building in proper condition and has all the resources necessary for this.

In accordance with the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation No. 6464/10 dated 09/29/2010 “All current, urgent, compulsory seasonal work and services are considered stipulated in the contract by virtue of the norms for maintaining the house as an object and should be carried out by management companies, regardless of whether the contract mentions the relevant specific actions and whether there is a special decision of the general meeting of owners of premises in the house on the need for their implementation».

In accordance with clause 42 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building, management organizations are responsible to the owners of premises for violation of their obligations and are responsible for the proper maintenance of common property in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the agreement.

In accordance with Art. 2 of the Regulations on State Housing Supervision (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 11, 2013 No. 493), the tasks of state housing supervision are, inter alia, to prevent, identify and suppress violations by legal entities and individual entrepreneurs of the requirements for the maintenance of common property of owners established in accordance with housing legislation premises in apartment buildings.

Based on the foregoing and guided by the Federal Law of 02.05.2006 No. 59-FZ "On the Procedure for Considering Applications of Citizens of the Russian Federation", as well as the Regulation on State Housing Supervision, I ask:

· to conduct an on-site check on the facts I have stated;

For the lighting of apartments, entrances, basements and adjoining territories, there are a number of legal requirements that have clear regulated parameters. Especially, this applies to outdoor lighting, since the appearance of the courtyard and the crime situation in it, as well as injuries, depend on it. The requirements for the organization of the lighting systems of the apartments themselves are largely based on fire safety and on the rules for electrical installations and electricity metering. Of no small importance in the lighting of public residential apartment buildings is allocated to entrances and staircases, since their organization is most often entrusted to the organization providing housing and communal services.

Lighting at the entrance of an apartment building

For any homeowner's organization, stairwell lighting is a very significant expense. There are a number of rules and regulations that it must comply with. All of them are clearly described in GOST and are standardized according to VSN 59–88, and this is the law.

Here are their main requirements that the law requires:

However, over the past few years, the technology for the production of lamps and lighting systems has stepped forward and with the advent of LED lamps, as well as with a decrease in the cost of these products, new horizons are opening up in the lighting of entrances and staircases. LED light sources used for lighting have a number of advantages not only in relation to incandescent lamps, but also in comparison with fluorescent devices that emit light. They can also be equipped with motion and light sensors, which allows even more savings in energy costs, and hence funds for lighting public multi-apartment buildings.

Basement lighting of an apartment building

When organizing the lighting of the basements of apartment buildings and buildings, as well as their so-called basement floors, special strict requirements are imposed on electrical safety, as well as in relation to fire safety. The power supply for such lighting should be reduced to at least 42 volts, since there is a lot of moisture in the basements, and even the floor is made of conductive material. It is recommended to lower the supply voltage by galvanic isolation, that is, using a transformer. The primary winding of which must be rated for a voltage of 220 volts, and the secondary for 36-42 Volts, while the secondary winding must be grounded so that if this step-down device breaks down, a direct breakdown does not occur and a hazardous to a person and his health does not appear in the secondary circuits voltage.

Another of the requirements for basement lighting is the use of protective grounding of the luminaire housings. When laying and installing wiring, one iron rule should be taken into account, you can not connect copper and aluminum wires, especially in wet rooms. This contact is not durable due to the chemical reaction of these materials.

The protection class of luminaires from moisture and dust ingress should not be lower than IP 44. This will not only protect the luminaire and the lamp itself, but also ensure their reliable, trouble-free and durable operation throughout the entire service life. All lighting wiring is most often laid in an open type, or in metal pipes and corrugated special pipes, called sleeves by electricians. This will protect the wiring from mechanical damage. The metal sleeve is grounded, again to protect the person from breaking through the phase to the body. As for the illumination rate, it should be at least 10 Lx for incandescent lamps, other sources are not standardized, but experts still recommend using economical LED lamps with high IP rates for this type of lighting.

Lighting of the adjoining territory of an apartment building

The organization of good lighting of the adjacent territories is a guarantee of not only aesthetic comfort and convenience, but also security, since all thieves and robbers prefer to attack in the dark in unlit or poorly lit areas. Also, high-quality and correct lighting of the courtyard is necessary for safe movement and reducing injuries when people move on the sidewalks of apartment buildings.

To illuminate the adjacent territory of any apartment building or structure, the requirements specified in the set of rules of SP 52.13330.2011 must be clearly met. This document is the official publication stating that:

1. A luminaire emitting at least 6 Lx of illumination must be installed at the entrance to any multi-apartment entrance.
2. Paths and sidewalks for the movement of pedestrians must be illuminated at least 4 Lx, the same applies to the car passage of the adjacent territories.
3. Territories related to additional (various outbuildings) must be illuminated by lamps or closed-type floodlights emitting at least 2 Lx of luminous flux.
4. The yard luminaire can be made on the basis of any system, with the use of both incandescent lamps and LED or energy-saving lamps.

If these requirements are not met, citizens living in the building have the legal right to file a complaint with the administration in charge of the municipal economy or with the city administration. There are many hot lines for contacting the mayor of the city, hotel ministries, or directly to the court. If the entire entrance or the house subscribes to the complaint, this will only speed up the solution of the problem.

Many of us have had to return home more than once at night. At such moments, a person realizes how important lighting is inside and around an apartment building. But what if there is no light either in the entrance or in the yard? Who to contact and who is responsible for this? Let's look at this issue.

In this article:

Entrance lighting

With the onset of darkness in the entrance and on the stairwells of a residential building, the light must be turned on. This is primarily necessary for the safety of residents. Lighting at the entrance of an apartment building must meet the following requirements:

• in public areas, a general lighting system is used;
• if the house has more than 6 floors and more than 50 people live, then the building must be equipped with evacuation lighting;
• evacuation lamps are installed in the main aisles and in front of elevators;
• it is allowed to use incandescent lamps, halogen and LED lamps;
• it is recommended to cover the lamp with anti-vandal, shock-resistant glass or metal mesh;
• the light intensity must comply with the established standards.

Illumination standards are regulated by special regulatory documents, SNiP and GOST and are standardized according to VSN 59-88. The lux values ​​for common areas are shown in the table:

Residents have the right to complain to the management company not only that there are no lamps, but also that their light is not intense enough.

Basement lighting

Special requirements are put forward for the organization of the basement lighting due to the special microclimate inside the room. As a rule, it is always humid there, dampness can be observed, therefore the lamps must meet the standards of electrical safety and fire safety.

The power supply must be reduced to 42 W using a step-down transformer. The luminaire body must be grounded. It is not recommended to connect copper and aluminum wires when laying cables, which react under the influence of moisture. The wiring is placed in special corrugated pipes called sleeves.

Lighting of the local area

Before figuring out what standards the lighting of the adjoining territory and the courtyard of an apartment building should meet, you need to figure out what is included in this concept - "adjoining territory". According to the legislation, these are:

• the land plot on which the house is built, its dimensions are determined by the cadastre;
• improvement elements (this includes, among other things, lamps);
• objects intended for the operation of the house (heating points, transformer, children's and sports grounds, car parks).

Directly lighting the courtyard of an apartment building can be carried out in three ways:

1. Lantern under the visor above the entrance door. This is convenient, because you can take a low-power lamp, you don't need a lot of light. The disadvantage is that only a small area in front of the door will be illuminated.
2. A lantern above the porch canopy. It is advisable to take a lamp with a luminous flux of at least 3500 lm and a circular luminous intensity. Placed at a height of 5 meters at an angle of 25 degrees to the horizon. But, despite the fact that the entire courtyard is illuminated in this way, the area next to the door remains in the dark.
3. Combining the two previous options. The most optimal way to illuminate the yard, but it consumes a lot of electricity.

To illuminate the adjacent territory, standards have also been developed, which are presented in the table:

Some residents insist on installing motion-sensor lighting in order to save energy. It makes sense to install such lamps inside the entrances, while on the streets they will not work quite correctly. On the street, the sensor can be triggered by the movement of the animal, and the light will turn on when it is not required.

Who is responsible for lighting the home?

According to Federal Law No. 131, local governments are responsible for the illumination of streets, roads and courtyards. But maintaining the performance of the lamps is the responsibility of the residents of the house.

According to the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, responsibility for light inside residential buildings and on the adjacent territory lies with the management company with which the tenants have entered into an agreement. In the text of the agreement it is spelled out what services the Criminal Code provides, for which it is responsible and what is the order of actions in case of emerging problems or controversial issues.

What to do if residents find that there is no light in the entrance, common areas, basement or adjacent territory? They need to take the following steps:

1. An act is drawn up, which describes the problem.
2. The act is signed by at least 3 people. These can be neighbors, the head of the porch, or the chairperson of the house.
3. Proof of the problem is attached to the act. For example, a photo of the lack of light in the evening.
4. The documents are transferred to the management company.
5. Within seven days, the employees of the Criminal Code check and analyze the information, fix problems and draw up their own statement of the problem.
6. The document, which contains all the actions taken to eliminate the problem, is handed over to the applicants.

If the management company does not cope with its responsibilities, refuses to fulfill what is prescribed in the contract, the tenants have the right to terminate the agreement with it and conclude an agreement with another organization.

Who pays for the lighting of the courtyard and entrances of an apartment building? According to the Federal Law, the area around the house, like the entrances, is a common property. Lighting and troubleshooting costs are borne directly by the occupants. Moreover, the costs are divided for each owner, depending on the area of ​​his apartment.

You should pay attention to whether it is documented that this particular adjoining territory is the common property of this particular house. If there are no such marks, then the inclusion of payment for it in the receipt is illegal.

Lighting in multi-storey buildings is strictly regulated by laws and sanitary standards. If one of the important parameters is not observed - there is no light at all, it is not bright enough, the lighting is organized without taking into account the safety of the residents, then the residents of the house have the right to apply to the management company, the local administration or even to the court.

High-quality staircase lighting in an apartment building is an important factor in human comfort. Most often, ordinary incandescent bulbs with a power of 40 to 100 W are used for lighting.

But the use of this type of artificial lighting in the modern world is becoming irrelevant for a number of reasons:

• Fragility of use;
• High consumption of energy resources;
• A high degree of incandescence (up to 360 degrees) can provoke a fire.

People began to look for solutions to these problems by using other light sources.

An important condition for maintaining the health of a person living in an apartment building is the light on the stairwells at night.

Most often, luminaires are located on sites in such a way that lighting occurs both in stairwells and in the aisles to apartments.

The set of lamps used for these purposes is very diverse:

• Incandescent lamps. They are cheap in terms of cost, but not energetically beneficial;
• Fluorescent lamps. The cost is several times more expensive. The main problems are disposal after use (due to the contained mercury) and delayed start-up due to its warming up.
• Energy-saving lamps. The price threshold is relatively large than that of the first two options, but it pays off after 3 months of work.

Regardless of the light source, it is controlled in a simple mechanical way using a switch. It must be located in a publicly accessible area.

If the house has a non-smoke staircase, then its lighting should be carried out automatically at dusk and before dawn. In this case, incandescent lamps should not be used, since they belong to the fire hazard class.

Lighting of entrances in apartment buildings

In many ways, the solution to this problem depends on the type of the building itself.

Normative documents interpret the following illumination characteristics:

• If the length of the corridor along which the residential premises are located is up to 10 meters, then one light source located in the center is sufficient;
• With a length of more than 10 meters, lamps are located in each wing in an amount of 2 pieces.

In order to save energy, many management companies are switching their houses to automatic or remote lighting of entrances.

With this method of lighting, a mechanical switch must also be available, so that the light can be turned on independently and, if necessary, turned off in cases of emergency. For example, in the event of a fire or gas leak.

Possibilities of installing energy-saving lamps in the entrances of apartment buildings

An energy-saving lamp installed in the entryway provides significant energy savings. For 1 hour of uninterrupted operation, it consumes only 11 W, while a conventional incandescent lamp is 60 W.

But with its high cost, residents have to think about how to maintain their working capacity for a longer time. Since no one can insure themselves against acts of hooliganism, you have to make additional waste by purchasing anti-vandal lamps.

In order for electricity to be wasted in a smaller amount and the lighting to last a long time, you have to think not only about changing lamps, but also cartridges. The energy-saving sockets are equipped with a light sensor and a microphone.

When the noise of footsteps appears, the light turns on automatically, and when they fade away, it turns off. The same process occurs when the natural light at the entrance of a residential building decreases or increases.

The courtyard of an apartment building and its lighting

To prevent injury-prone situations, street lamps installed above the plate with the house number, as well as at the very entrance, are of great importance.

Light makes it possible for every person to secure their lives. Residents of an apartment building can choose lamps with a motion sensor for use in the yard, which will significantly save their budget.

Installation of this type of lighting will not require additional costs, except for the purchase of the lamp itself and the selected type of lamps.

Electricity consumption will be controlled by a motion sensor. This option is not suitable if there is constant movement in the courtyard of an apartment building.

It can be:

• Cats;
• Dogs;
• Walking youth;
• If the yard is a carriageway to other living quarters;
• If your house is located near the railway.

Light with a motion sensor at the entrance of an apartment building

Luminaires with a motion sensor, especially on staircases, are one of the ways to save the financial situation of everyone living in a high-rise building.

The light turns on only when a person approaches the maximum distance to the motion sensor (indicated in the accompanying documents).

Some residents also install CCTV cameras when installing motion-sensor luminaires. At the first stage, this causes additional material investments, but later on it allows you to secure your life.

The light emanating from lamps with a motion sensor can frighten even the most seasoned thief in the first seconds.

In this case, even the use of incandescent lamps will be financially justified for the following reasons:

• They have the property of instant inclusion;
• Provide sufficient illumination of stairwells in response to movement;
• Installation does not require special skills;
• The light of the lamps complies with the standards set forth by SanPin.

The choice of lamps for lighting the entrance is carried out by voting of the residents of the entrance.

Luminaires for anti-vandal porches

An important point is that the luminaires located in the entrances must comply with the permissible lighting standards. This allows you to preserve the vision of each resident, and when using CCTV cameras, to fix troublemakers.

Lighting equipment used in entrances must have anti-vandal characteristics. Light should illuminate not only the site, but also affect all paths of human movement.

Remember that only by installing an anti-vandal type lamp you can protect yourself from additional material costs.

It's important to know.

1. Every resident of the high-rise has the right at the meeting to vote for any method of lighting that is acceptable to him;
2. Insufficient light can damage your health;
3. All escape routes must be in full working order in terms of light resolution in accordance with regulatory documents.