Or fibrous (wood) boards (flat sheet) consume paper waste and waste in production after sawmill work. Fiberboard panels cover the floor, finish walls, sheathe wooden structures and furniture. Plates for insulation and insulation finishing works are produced.

Fiberboard types

Waste wood material is split, compressed into boards and dried to obtain several types of fiberboard. They are:

• soft and porous;
• semi-solid;
• superhard;
• ennobled.

Soft and porous fiberboards with low strength provide sound and heat insulation. Semi-solid fiberboard (with a higher density and hardness) sheathes the back walls of cabinets, tables, walls, shelves and other furniture parts. The bottom is cut out of them for pull-out drawers. Solid slabs cover the floor, they are used to make doors, arches, partitions, and various containers, since they are easy to handle and easy to install.

The surface of the refined fiberboard is carefully processed, dye is applied and cached, and also gives special decorative properties to the sheet surface by applying a pattern - imitate wood, etc. A separate group of boards includes fiberboard with a laminated surface. Synthetic resins of a special composition are applied to the sheet to increase the moisture resistance and strength of the material.

Density of the sheet

The thermal conductivity of the sheet depends on the density and can be in the range of 0.046-0.093 W / mK. has the following density:

• soft - 350 kg / m 3 (no more);
• semi-solid - 850 kg / m 3 (not less);
• superhard - 950 kg / m 3 (not less).

Hard board grades and thickness parameters

The front surface of solid slabs is processed and, depending on this, is divided into grades:

• T - the front surface is not processed;
• T-P - the front layer is tinted;
• Т-С - the face layer is made up of fine (wood) mass;
• T-SP - finely dispersed mass of the face layer is tinted;
• ST - sheet density - superhard, surface - untreated;
• ST-S - sheet of superhard type with a finely dispersed mass in the face layer.

Fiberboard is produced with different physical and mechanical characteristics, therefore grades: T, T-C, T-P and T-SP are combined into quality groups - A and B and grades - I and II.

Panels of hard and superhard types are available in 2.5, 3.2, 4.5 and 6 mm thicknesses. Walls and floors are coated with fiberboard data, subject to increased hygroscopicity.

Soft board grades and thickness

• Soft plates with different densities are classified by the following units: M-1, M-2 and M-3.
• A soft thin sheet of fiberboard has a thickness of 2.5-40 mm.
• A semi-hard fiberboard sheet of low density has a density of 6, 8 and 12 mm;
• A semi-hard sheet with an average density has a thickness of 16 and 25 mm.

Thin soft sheets have both advantages and disadvantages. Semi-solid sheets of low density and medium, are more suitable as insulating materials, but not for cladding rooms.

With the correct selection of fiberboard, taking into account the types and sizes, it is possible to facilitate the facing and construction work and save money.

Sizes of a sheet of fiberboard of different types

Plates with a thickness of 3.2 mm come in sizes:

• 2745x1700
• 2745x1220
• 2440x1220
• 2140x1220

It is practically impossible to transport such slabs by hand, so a cargo taxi is ordered when buying. For industrial needs, fiberboard is produced with a size of 6100x2140 mm.

Fiberboard laminated

The basis of the laminated fiberboard is ground and pressed chips mixed with binders and antiseptic components. A melamine film is attached to the front side. In this case, no glue is used. A strong connection is provided by thermosetting polymer impregnation. Special resins with a low level of hardening are used for its manufacture.

Laminated fiberboard resembles natural wood after applying a press to an uncured film. Textured embossing imitates wood grain protrusions. The coating is made decorative to perform aesthetic functions of the slab. Resins do not allow water to penetrate inside the sheet, which prevents its swelling. Therefore, LDVP can be beautiful and moisture resistant at the same time.

In addition to lamination, an attractive appearance of fiberboard is given by caching. At the same time, a finished roll film of resins and paper is laid on a sheet and fixed with an adhesive with or without heating to a high temperature.

All types, brands and sizes of fiberboard, including laminated, can be ordered on the website http: // site / and agree on delivery.

An article about the main characteristics and types of fiberboard boards, how to choose the right fiberboard sheets. What are the types and types of fiberboards. Recommendations for buying fiberboard.

Fiberboard, that is, fiberboard, is a fairly popular material widely used in construction and repair. Fiberboard, in contrast to particleboard, is produced by hot pressing of wood fibers, which are made, in turn, from chips, wood and waste obtained in the process of wood processing. Fibers are obtained by hot steam treatment and grinding of wood raw materials. Read about how to choose and buy correctly, as well as about the main characteristics of fiberboard, in our article.

Fiberboard application

Usually, high-quality fiberboard sheets are coated or impregnated with special compounds that make the material more durable and resistant to moisture. Fiber boards are popular primarily due to their properties that compare favorably with those of wood. For example, it does not swell upon direct exposure to moisture, without losing its shape. And laminated fiberboard, among other things, does not require additional surface treatment of the board.
Another advantage of the material can also be attributed to its rather high density, which allows you to get strong fasteners with screws and nails. In addition, the reasonable prices and easy maintenance of fibreboards make them the top sellers in sawnwood.

Fiberboard plates have found wide application: in residential and industrial construction of buildings, in the arrangement of the roof - the material has good sound and heat insulating properties, for external and internal decoration of the house, in the production of furniture, flooring and partitions, etc.

How to choose the right fiberboard

When choosing fiberboard, first of all, you need to pay attention to the marking of the material, which determines characteristics of fiberboard specific type of plates. Today, four main types of fiberboard are produced:

The density of this type of fiberboard is not more than 350 kg / m3, thickness is up to 25 mm. Soft slabs are great for soundproofing as they have a fairly porous structure. Product brands - M-1, M-2 and M-3.

Semi-solid slabs... The density of such products is 850 kg / cubic meter or more, the thickness of the slab is up to 12 mm. Found the greatest application in furniture production.

Solid slabs... The density of this material is from 800 to 1000 kg / cubic meter with a thickness of up to 6 mm. In turn, solid slabs are marked, dividing into four types: "T" - with a non-refined front surface; "T-S" - the front surface is made of fine wood pulp; "Т-П" - the front surface of the slab is covered with paint; "T-PS" - a surface layer of finely dispersed wood pulp, covered with paint.

Super hard slabs... It is a durable, low-porous material with a density of 950 kg / m3. This type of fiberboard is used in the manufacture of furniture, flooring, etc.

We buy fiberboard boards

It is necessary to purchase fiberboards only from large manufacturers who conduct strict quality control of their products. The content of harmful substances must not exceed the permissible limits. The dimensions of the product must be equal to those stated. In addition, the presence of foreign inclusions, paraffin stains, etc. is not permissible on the surface of the slabs.

As a rule, manufacturers supply the package with fiberboard plates with a label, which contains complete information about the manufacturer, field of application and storage rules. Also, there must be indicated the brand of the product, the emission class, the date of manufacture. In addition, the packaging must have a technical control stamp. If the information is incomplete or there is none at all, you should not buy such products, otherwise, in an attempt to save money, you will spend a lot more.

Fiberboard - what is it, not everyone can immediately answer. And some 50 years ago, only technically competent people knew about this material, although its appearance extends more than a century and a half ago and even further.

In contact with

Origin of material

The progenitor of fiberboard can be considered paper made in ancient China in the second century BC. To produce it, chopped wood was mixed with water and then dried. Fiberboard was patented by Lyman in 1858. Münch developed the American idea, put the production of fiberboard on an industrial basis and applied hot pressing. The world owes the creation of high-density slabs, again, to the American Mason, who in 1924, due to an error, received a "wet" version of the manufacture of this unusual material.

Name

To create fiberboard, the decoding of which sounds like fiberboard, wood fibers are used, converted into a homogeneous mass by pressing or drying.

The strength of the material depends on the quality of the weaving of the fibers.

In the production process, adhesive additives and water-repellent chemical additives are used.

The result is a rectangular sheet material, ideal for the furniture industry, construction.

Fiberboard is often confused with hardboard, but the error is insignificant. Hardboard: what is it, how is it different from wood fiber board? Having the same characteristics, materials differ in characteristics. As a rule, hardboard has a higher density, slabs made of it differ in one decorative, "glossy" side.

Composition

Fiberboard compares favorably with other materials where wood is used, since fine-structured waste from the woodworking industry is used for production, which increases the economic effect and does not harm the environment. Fiberboard is made from shredded chips, shreds or fires. The addition of paraffin or rosin to the mass increases moisture resistance. The physical and mechanical properties of the material are increased by synthetic resins. In addition, antiseptics and fire retardants are added.

Important! Fiberboard has a high porosity, therefore, when painting, the surface of the fiberboard will require 2-3 times more paint than for ordinary wood.

Manufacturing process

The production of fiberboard has not changed its scheme for half a century. The beginning of the process looks like this:

1. With the help of washing and absorbent substances, the wood pulp is freed from debris, sand, clay.
2. Metal particles are magnetically removed from the dried wood chips.
3. Sequential grinding of fibers is carried out.
4. The resulting mass in a defibrillator is mixed with paraffin and resins.

There are two ways to make fiberboard. When "wet", part of the prepared mass is glued together with the help of water-repellent substances, after which everything is sent under the press. The dry method eliminates the initial washing of the wood; instead, it is dried.

Views

The division of fiberboard by type is due to the density of the material. Now the industry produces fiberboard, which has low and medium density (soft), from semi-hard grades (semi-hard), with hard and super-hard density (semi-hard).

Soft

The species has a porous structure, low thermal conductivity and is not durable. The density is limited to 150–350 kg / cm. cub. Fiberboard thickness - from 8 to 25 mm. Plates are marked with the letter M with the addition of numbers 1, 2, 3. Due to the low strength characteristics, soft fiberboard is used as a cushioning material. It is used as thermal insulation and sound insulation. The material differs from drywall in easier installation and lower cost. The soft appearance of fiberboard is an excellent underlay for floor coverings and produces perfectly smooth surfaces

Half solid

This is fiberboard with a density of about 850 kg / cm3. The thickness of the semi-solid wood fiber board varies from 6 to 12 mm. Most often it finds application as the back walls of various furniture and as a substrate for flooring. Fiberboard is widely used as a packaging material (box making).

Hard and super hard

The most durable of all types of fiberboard. Has low porosity. Density - from 800 to 1000 kg / cm3

With the help of wood fiber boards of this type, the back walls of various furniture are made, the production of drawers and panel doors is ensured.

The discharge of the solid type of fiberboard is continued by the superhard ones. Their density is higher than 950 kg / cm. cub.

Hardboard is used for cladding external and internal surfaces of premises as a floor covering. It is used to produce interior bulkheads, doors and boxes.

Superhard fiberboard makes good furniture. A house made of fiberboard can be used as a temporary or suburban building.

The division of hard and superhard fibreboard is determined by the strength characteristics, as well as the density and type of bezel. Fiberboard marking provides comprehensive information about the material (see table 1):

Types of surface finishes

Noble

Refined fiberboard or DVPO is distinguished by a presentable decorative appearance. For its production, wood fiber boards are used, made by a wet method.

This material has a multi-layer coating. After thorough priming, several layers of varnish are applied to the front panel. The coatings are based on high quality acrylic dispersions.

The lacquer layer protects the material from mechanical damage. At the same time, DVPO significantly increases its strength. It is usually produced with a pattern imitating precious woods.

Parts and back walls of cabinet furniture are produced from DVPO. With the help of this material, ceilings and walls are finished. Fiberboard panels with a refined front surface are used in the manufacture of doors and door frames.

Under the laminate

Laminated fiberboard is an excellent finishing material for finishing works, it is ideal for the production of furniture. In the process of creating MDF, a standard mode for all fiberboards is used. The prepared material is placed under a press heated to a high temperature, which is provided by the circulation of heated mineral oil. A matrix is ​​fixed on the press, which has the texture of a pattern intended for embossing on the front panel of fiberboard (in this way, a brick finish, shagreen leather, various types of wood is obtained). After covering the sheets with a special melamine film, which has a low degree of hardening, a heated press presses the pattern into the material. Due to the high temperature and pressure, melamine resins begin to melt and penetrate into the surface layer of the fiberboard, merging with it into a single whole. This method eliminates adhesives from the process. Lamination can be done on both sides of the board. The material has high strength and is not susceptible to moisture.

The most common types of LDL are:

1. Under the lining. Acts as wall and floor sheathing.
2. Tiled. Allows you to get the original finish.
3. Sheet. Differs in versatility.

LDVP is widely used for interior design, such as front walls of furniture, for creating arches and interior ceilings.

Attention! Laminated fibreboard, in addition to aesthetic properties, has high sound insulation performance. They are great for decorating studios, auditoriums and rooms where silence is needed.

Lined

In the production of laminated fiberboards, decorative facing materials are glued to the sheets. KDVP are obtained using two methods:

• cold. After processing the sheets with brush rollers, they are processed with glue, followed by the application of a roll facing material. The strength of the connection is achieved by passing the panels between the rollers;
• hot or thermal lamination. The boards are heated by infrared radiation. After applying the glue and decorative coating, the sheets are passed through hot rollers (calamanders).

Laminated fiberboard has a perfectly smooth, satin surface.

Sheet Sizing Standards

In theory, the size of the fiberboard sheet has no restrictions, it all depends on the production capabilities. Nevertheless, for the convenience of designing and working with material in industry, there are standards that determine the standard dimensions of fiberboard.

The thickness of the fiberboard is fixed by the following indicators:

• for soft - 8, 12, 16 and 25 mm;
• for semi-solid - 6, 8 and 12 mm;
• for hard and superhard - 2.5, 3.2, 4.5 and 6 mm.

The dimensions of fiberboard are subject to GOST 10632-2007 and are also determined for each type of fiberboard:

Soft ones are produced in lengths: 1220, 1600, 1800, 2500, 2700 and 3000 mm, with a width of 1200 or 1700 mm.

Semi-hard, hard and superhard inherent lengths: 2140, 2440, 2745, 3050, 3350, 3660 mm. Thickness - 1220, 1525, 1830, 2140 mm.

Due to its properties, wood fiber board has a number of advantages, namely:

• has a high moisture resistance, can be used for external cladding;
• is an excellent heat and sound insulation material;
• easy to process and assemble;
• allows you to quickly get perfectly flat surfaces;
• shows resistance to mechanical stress;
• has a long service life;
• has a small mass;
• relatively inexpensive in price;
• easy to clean.

Attention! Scientists have found that the use of 1 million m2 of fiberboard makes it possible to replace 16 thousand m3 of high quality sawn timber, that is, to save 54 thousand m3 of wood.

disadvantages

Despite all its attractiveness, fiberboard material is not without its drawbacks:

1. Narrow scope (with the exception of MDF).
2. High toxicity. Fiberboard processing requires increased safety and ventilation.
3. Low resistance to lateral loads. Installation of sheets should be carried out with special care.
4. Due to the high fragility of the material, it is impossible to carry out fine milling work.

The negative aspects do not detract from the merits of fiberboard, and every year this material expands the scope of its application.

Boards, called fibreboards, are a group of materials made from wood pulverized products, waste products from the woodworking industry.

Small pieces of woody plant stems can be used as raw materials. Disconnected fibers are glued together thanks to natural or synthetic substances, forming fiberboard of various densities. Products are used in the manufacture and repair of furniture, construction work.

Features of production

The raw material for the production of fiberboard products are wood fibers obtained using chippers, crushers, hammer mills, saws, cutting tools. The pulp is first treated with hot steam to weaken the internal bonds between the fibril filaments, then subjected to grinding and pressing. Adhesive can be used for adhesion, but is not required.

All slabs are quite thin, their thickness does not exceed 16 mm according to the standard. Outwardly, they are determined by a characteristic pattern - a fine mesh. For aesthetic purposes, one surface of the fiberboard is laminated or a special decorative coating is applied. Such plates are called refined.

The characteristics of fiberboard obtained from the pulp are determined by the density of the resulting monolith, the degree of pressing, laying and subsequent binding of the fiber filaments.

What types of fiberboard are

In English-language sources, fibers are called fibers, respectively, the abbreviated names of types of material are indicated by the letter F. If the product has a low density, the abbreviation looks like LDF (L - low, D - density). For medium density panels, the designation MDF (M - medium) is adopted, high density plates are designated as NDF (H - high). Special types of wood fiber products have separate trade names that have arisen trivially.

In domestic practice, the types of fiberboard are designated differently, using Russian letters, letter combinations and numbers:

• ordinary solid slabs are marked with T and no more designations;
• if there is an additional layered coating on the surface, the cut looks like TC;
• the presence of coloring pigments is designated as TP;
• if a slightly colored layer is present on the outer surface, T-SP is indicated in the marking;
• the ability of the outer layer of fiberboard to repel water is indicated by the abbreviation T-B;
• the presence of a laminated coating with a moisture-resistant impregnation is marked as T-CB;
• Fiberboard materials with reduced density indices have an abbreviation NT;
• products with a very high specific gravity are marked as CT;
• superhard slabs with a finely dispersed face layer are designated ST-S.

An additional external design, denoted by the letter C, is made in the form of a layer of compressed fine particles of a high degree of dispersion.

Products classified in the group of hard plates are additionally subdivided into subgroups by weight and physicochemical characteristics. Fiberboard materials are also divided into grades according to the quality indicators of the outer layer.

The so-called soft wood fiber sheets are divided into three grades with a numerical designation from 1 to 3 (M-1 ... M-3), the last (third) corresponds to the softest type of fiberboard.

Sheet sizes

The existing range of products allows everyone to make a choice of fiberboard in accordance with the needs and a specific prospect of application. Most manufacturers are ready to take into account individual orders, vary the geometric characteristics of the plates.

Possible standard sizes of fiberboard are presented in the national GOST 4598-86, which is followed by all reputable suppliers.

The dimensions of hard sheets differ from those of soft products. The minimum length of standard products is 1220 mm, the usual maximum length for soft sheets is 3000 mm, and for hard sheets is 3660 mm. For installation at industrial facilities, high-density slabs with a large area are used, the length of such sheets can reach 6100 mm.

The usual width of plates of low density is 1220 mm, with a high specific gravity and moderate length - varies from 610 to 1700 mm, large length - from 1220 to 2140 mm.

Standard soft sheets are made with thicknesses to ensure structural strength. The indicator varies in the range from 8 to 16 mm.

Hard slabs show sufficient strength properties at low to moderate thicknesses, which are in the range from 2.5 to 6 mm.

The standard strictly regulates the possibility of the presence of protrusions, scratches, areas with different shades, stains, both from water and from technical liquids, on the outer part of the panels. The presence of foreign particles, burnouts, delaminated areas, damage with fibrous fringes on the edges is absolutely excluded.

Density of slabs

An important characteristic of fiberboard is not only size, but also density, on which the weight and weight of the sheets depends.

The highest density of solid sheets reaches 1100 kg / m 3, the minimum value typical for this group of materials is 800 kg / m 3.

Note! The weight value of hardboard 1220 x 2440 x 3.2 is only 7 kg.

To determine how much the purchase as a whole can weigh, you should approximately calculate the total volume of the batch and multiply it by the density value indicated in the accompanying documents. It will become clear what efforts will be required to transport and install the plates at the site of the future installation.

Soft types of products, which mainly perform decorative functions, have a lower density, the highest rate of which does not exceed 400 kg / m 3. The minimum possible density of fiberboard, allowed by the standard, is 100 kg / m 3.

For slabs of intermediate hardness, the density indicators have average values, the minimum of which is 600 kg / m 3.

Flexural strength, moisture absorption, sound waves

The resistance to bending loads differs more than 10 times in different groups of fiberboard. Soft sheets of grade M-3 are able to safely withstand an impact of about 0.5 MPa, while the hardest ones can withstand 47 MPa.

The regulatory document does not prescribe restrictions on the amount of possible swelling and moisture content of products of a soft type of fiberboard. Only the upper limit of moisture concentration values ​​is limited, equal to 12%.

The moisture content of the rest of the products is 3-4%, and the amount of swelling varies from 19 to 23%. The maximum moisture concentration in the material cannot exceed 10%.

The standard specifies the requirements for the water absorption capacity of the entire slab and its front surface in particular. For dense products, the amount of mechanical force applied perpendicular to the plane of the sheet is regulated.

Consumers are often interested in the ability of panels to absorb audio waves. The standard does not stipulate sound insulation indicators, but analyzing the structure of the material, we can conclude that soft species will be able to absorb sound vibrations to a minimum, hard ones - to a large extent.

Application

A review of the physicochemical characteristics as a whole leads to the conclusion that a group of fiberboard with a low specific gravity makes it possible to ennoble structures, furniture, performing decorative functions. Dense, solid fiberboard panels can be used for heavy loads, erect partitions, make arches and even walls. In construction, they are also used for insulating floors, roofs, in the creation of formwork, and rough finishing of floors. It is an inexpensive and easy-to-install material.

When choosing products, you need to pay special attention to the composition, if possible, purchase panels without formaldehyde binders or with minimal emission.

Considering this circumstance and other characteristics, it is possible to choose the type of fiberboard that best suits the needs of the client.

Fiberboard is a building material made of high-pressure pressed wood fiber. It is successfully used in furniture production, and in construction, and in repair work. Let us consider in more detail the varieties and properties of all types of fiberboard.

Basic properties and technical characteristics of fiberboard

The properties of fiberboard include the following:

• This material is not subject to deformation and does not warp from time to time;
• High moisture resistance;
• High strength and durability;
• Environmental friendliness. Fiberboard does not emit harmful substances.

According to GOST standards, the main technical properties of fiberboard are as follows:

• Density from 100 to 1100 kg / m3;
• Limiting operating humidity 3-12%;
• Thermal conductivity 0.046 - 0.093 W / mK.

It should be noted that fiberboard does not swell for a long time at an air humidity of over 50%, as well as during prolonged immersion in water.

Varieties of fiberboard

In total, 5 types of fiberboard can be distinguished, differing in technical characteristics and scope.

Soft porous fiberboard

In most cases, it is used as insulation and soundproofing material. In this case, the slab is used as a substrate for floor or wall materials. The maximum thickness of fiberboard is no more than 25 mm, and the density is 350 kg / m3. The main disadvantage is the low strength of the building material. Soft fiberboard is subdivided into three grades: M1, M2 and M3.

Semi-hard fiberboard. It is widely used in the furniture industry: the back walls of cabinets and the bottom of kitchen drawers are made from it. Density - up to 850 kg / m3, thickness - up to 12 mm. Brand - NT.

Solid fiberboard

Used for the manufacture of panel doors. The main feature is the low porosity of the building material. Density - up to 800 - 1100 kg / m3, thickness - up to 6 mm. Grades - T, T-B, T-P, T-S, T-SP.

Super hard fiberboard of increased strength. It is used for the manufacture of interior doors, partitions, arches. Density - from 950 kg / m3, thickness - up to 5 mm. Brand - ST.

Noble fiberboard

It is not officially described in GOST; companies independently develop its standards. This building material combines the best properties of all four varieties. The boards can be painted or laminated and used as furniture cladding or decorative panel.