Related articles

) Chlorosis and other diseases. The popular belief that watering plants with tea or coffee stimulates plant growth is deeply mistaken. Vegetable oil, which, when applied to the leaves, only clogs the pores, is also of little effect, thereby disrupting the breathing process.
  Bird droppings

Accelerate abundant and prolonged flowering of plants and have a positive effect on the laying of flower buds.

If the roots of the plant only braided with an earthen lump, but did not form felt, then transshipment of the plant or mineral or organic dressing should be applied.

  But excess copper is also extremely harmful to the plant.

With a lack of magnesium, the leaves fade, mezhilkovy chlorosis is possible, flowering is delayed, plant growth slows down.

With excess - the plant grows rapidly.

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Mullein (fertilizer): application, composition, how to cook

See

Composition

Nitrogen - the most important element contributing to the active nutrition of plants;

• Korovyak is the most popular fertilizer among gardeners and gardeners. It can be used to feed almost any plant. With its help, it is possible to significantly increase the yield of various vegetable and fruit crops. Apply it to ornamental plants.
• - very capricious plants, but very responsive to proper care, that is, to food and fertilizers.
• However, referring to the experiments of reputable Michurin residents (M.P. Arkadiev, K.V. Soloviev, etc.), I can offer the following home methods of fertilizer:

Gives an even greater effect than feeding with mullein. By nutrition, bird droppings are superior to mullein and also has no smell. Before use, bird droppings are diluted with water to a slightly turbid greenish hue. A solution of high concentration can destroy the plant.

Kinds

Litter Mullein

Potash fertilizer

• Fertilizer watering is best done in the evening. Only healthy plants can be fertilized during the period of growth and flowering. During dormancy and when some plants stop growing in late summer and autumn, the plant is not fertilized. It is also impossible to fertilize not rooted, as well as diseased plants.
• Molybdenum

Litterless Mullein

Iron

Slurry

Potassium

Application

Catalog

agro-biz.ru

Fertilizing indoor plants with fertilizers

Potassium is an essential element during flowering and fruit ovary; Phosphorus - contributing to the active appearance of young shoots and ovaries;

Of course, mullein is a fertilizer that must be used correctly. In no case can not be brought into the beds on which any plants, fresh manure will already be planted or will be planted in the near future. The fact is that, decomposing, such a mullein produces a lot of heat. As a result, you can simply burn the roots of plants. Fresh manure can be brought into the soil only in the winter. In a few months (before spring), he will have time to overdo it a little.

All summer residents and gardeners - familiar with mullein fertilizer from measles manure, it is with mullein that you can fertilize any vegetable and garden plants, but before you fertilize roses with mullein - it is better to make an infusion. Dilute fresh manure with 1 to 5 parts of water, then tightly close and leave to ferment for 1 - 2 weeks, periodically opening - stirring. Feeding with sugar.Although most plants do with conventional full fertilizers, there are still species that need special fertilizers.

The main elements of soil nutrition of plants.

Promote plant growth. Together with phosphate fertilizer, potassium has a good effect on the abundant flowering of plants and the color of flowers. For flowering plants, potassium fertilizer is most often used during the laying and development of flower buds and when buds appear. Some other plants, in which leaf and flower buds appear from one sinus, do not tolerate this fertilizer during the appearance of camellia buds.

Fast-growing plants fertilize more often, slow-growing plants less often, tubing plants also rarely fertilize. Do not fertilize when the earthen lump is dry. You must first moisten it well and then make fertilizer watering.

With a lack of molybdenum, spots appear on the leaves, the edges of the leaves twist, the flowers fall off.	With a lack of iron, the formation of chlorophyll stops, the leaves turn light yellow (chlorosis).	Potassium helps the plant absorb carbon dioxide from the air. Potassium mineral fertilizers include potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, 40% potassium salt, etc.	Fertilizers for plants.
Magnesium - helps increase plant productivity,	Only fertilizer suitably prepared is added to the beds. Mullein is preliminarily kept in piles for at least 2-3 months. First you need to pour a layer of peat on the ground. Then a layer of mullein is spread on it, then peat again, etc. It turns out a kind of “layer cake”. The approximate thickness of each layer is 20 cm. Instead of peat, it is allowed to use ordinary earth.	It is with this solution that roses can be fed, such an infusion contains all the necessary trace elements for nutrition, the development of roses.	On a pot with a diameter of 10 cm 1 teaspoon of granulated sugar. Sand is poured onto the surface of the earth before watering once a week. It is possible in solution - 2 teaspoons per glass of water, once a week. Cacti especially respond to sugar feeding.
Azaleas, Camellias	Reapproved plants fatten, later bloom, underdeveloped buds die off. Cut flowers of fertilized plants do not hold well in water. Now fertilizers are produced in the form of insoluble powders and granules, tablets and sticks, as well as liquid fertilizers. Necessarily on the label should be an indication of the percentage composition of this fertilizer and instructions for use. Powders and granules are widely used in horticulture, for open ground. In indoor floriculture, it is better to use tablets or sticks that are immersed in the soil. But there are significant drawbacks. Firstly, nutrients are concentrated in one place, and secondly, if it is necessary, for example, with the onset of the rest period, this top dressing is difficult to extract from the soil. Therefore, the most effective liquid fertilizers. The concentration of fertilizer should be weak, especially at the beginning of plant growth. The best effect is exerted by more frequent watering with a weak solution.	For most indoor flowering plants, it is recommended to apply full mineral fertilizer at least twice during budding or the formation of flower buds.
Processing of seeds in microelement solutions	Boron	Potassium is especially necessary for flowers, with a lack of potassium flowers do not form or they are very small. With a lack of phosphorus and potassium, the leaves turn yellow from the edges and begin to gradually fall off, plant growth is sharply delayed. A characteristic sign of potassium starvation is a light border along the entire surface of the leaf. In addition, with a lack of potassium, plants are more susceptible to fungal diseases.
Nutrients are found in the soil in the form of mineral and organic compounds. Plant nutrients are obtained from the soil in dissolved form through the root system. However, to a certain extent, plants can be provided with nutrients and through the leaves (foliar top dressing).	As well as calcium, zinc, etc.	From above the pile is covered with a layer of soil. So you can avoid the appearance of unpleasant odors, as well as the loss of part of the nutrients.
I personally grow roses myself - but I prefer to do without organic fertilizers, that is, manure.	Castor oil dressing.	And some other plants prefer acidic soil. Special fertilizers are produced for them, containing in an optimal ratio primarily nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as all the necessary trace elements.
Even now, when you can buy almost any fertilizer in the store, many owners of indoor flowers fertilize plants with organic fertilizers brought from the dacha or from the garden. Organic fertilizers improve the physical properties of the soil, increase its ability to absorb moisture, reduce the acidity of the soil, and improve its aeration.	Plants during dormancy or at the end of the growth period before dormancy,
Plant nutrition through the soil and through the leaves during the period of growth and development of plants;	Boron< необходим растениям для нормальной жизнедеятельности точек роста, т.е. самых молодых частей растения.​	Sulfur
Substances in excess	Cattle manure mixed with straw, hay or peat from the litter of these animals.	Mullein - fertilizer is strong enough. Therefore, even in a rotted form, it must be used carefully. Dry fertilizer is applied to the soil mainly only in the spring, when preparing beds. On the surface of the soil, rotted manure is scattered with a layer of 3 cm for tomatoes, pepper and cabbage and a layer of 2 cm for cucumbers and zucchini, and then they are dug in half a bayonet shovel. Dry mullein is sometimes used in the summer as a mulch (after watering and loosening the beds).
Before planting seedlings, the roots of roses must be lowered into the prepared special fertilizer mixture.	Pour a teaspoon of castor oil into a liter of water and shake well. Fertilize during flowering and fruiting.	Epiphytic bromeliads and tillandsia	Humus
A freshly transplanted plant and a newly purchased plant (top dressing no earlier than 2 weeks later),	The introduction of trace elements in a mixture of organo-mineral fertilizers.

Ways of using trace elements:

• With a lack of boron, the death of the apical kidneys and their decay, and young plants die.
• Sulfur is necessary for the normal growth and development of the plant. Special sulfuric fertilizers are not applied to the soil, since sulfur is found both in manure and in superphosphate, which are applied to the soil.
• Nitrogen

Peat as a litter - such manure is characterized by a high concentration of ammonium nitrogen, which plants absorb better than ordinary nitrogen.

Signs of excess minerals are as follows:

• Do not use it this way only for carrots. If you fertilize the bed with manure under it, it will grow "shaggy." For this crop, a slightly different fertilizer is prepared - liquid mullein. In summer, when plants are already planted, other crops are fed as well. To get this type of fertilizer, you will need some large capacity. It is filled with manure to half, and then added to the very top of the tank with warm water, covered with a lid.
• But first, the seedlings of roses are pruned so that 3-4 shoots are left with two or three buds on each shoot. The roots of roses must be cut to 15–20 cm.
• Some craftsmen fertilize flowers
• Assimilate water and nutrients with their leaves. Therefore, a fertilizer solution for these species should be available for the assimilation of nutrients by scales and leaf dragging. For these plants, it is better to use liquid fertilizer that does not contain any salts, as they clog pores on the leaves. It is best to purchase a fertilizer mix for hydroponic crops at the store. The nutrient solution is either poured into a leaf outlet, or a plant is sprayed with it, or the whole plant is immersed in it.

When to fertilize.

- (rotted manure) - extremely valuable fertilizer. As a fertilizer, infusion is used

Sick plants, when the cause of the disease state is not established, Plants with damaged root system (root rot, if the plant was heavily flooded, etc.),

It should be noted that an excess of minerals adversely affects plants.

Manganese

With a lack of sulfur, the leaves become light, the growth and development of the plant is suspended.

• Nitrogen is part of the complex compounds from which protein is built - the basis of living matter. Nitrogen is also part of chlorophyll, which plays an important role in plant photosynthesis. Nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate) and organic fertilizers (manure or slurry) are used to feed plants with nitrogen.
• Litter of straw and hay - manure is enriched with enough potassium and phosphorus. These elements are necessary for development, full growth, and gives resistance to changes in air temperature.
• This mixture is left for 1-2 weeks for fermentation. During this time, it is thoroughly mixed several times. The result is a liquid mullein - an extremely effective fertilizer. For watering, the resulting composition must be diluted. 3-4 buckets of water are taken on a bucket of such concentrated slurry and the beds are watered at the rate of 10 liters per square meter. If the soil is moist, the solution can be made a little stronger.
• And now we lower the roots of the roses into the fertilizer solution, which is prepared in such a way

What fertilizers are there:

Milk, meat

CactiMullein Cacti are not recommended to be fed with organic fertilizers.Drooping leaves; Manganese increases the assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants, i.e. plays a large role in photosynthesis.Calcium

Nitrogen is especially necessary for leaves, with a lack of nitrogen, the leaves become pale green, plant growth is delayed, the leaves become smaller.

A solution of medium density consistency, it does not contain any impurities of peat or hay. This fertilizer contains an average of 50-70% ammonia nitrogen. This solution is used to prepare liquid mullein, which is used as a top dressing for fruit trees, garden trees and garden crops. In autumn, dry mullein is crushed and spread over the entire area at the rate of 4 kg per square meter. Potatoes are most often fertilized with mullein using a slightly different method. When planting, they simply throw handfuls of fertilizer into each well. This will be quite enough: put a shovel of clay and a shovel of mullein in a bucket, add water to 3/4 of the volume, stir everything thoroughly. OrFrom steppe zones and deserts grow slowly. Therefore, they need a small amount of nitrogen. If you feed the cactus with dung water or fertilizer for azaleas, then accelerated growth will cause the skin of the plant to burst, the plant may die. (1 part of manure to 10 parts of water). Manure top dressing does not contain enough phosphorus, so you can add superphosphate to it at the rate of 12-15g per bucket of top dressing. There are plants, for example Plants require at different periods of growth and development of various fertilizers.

White crust on the surface of the soil and the outer wall of the ceramic pot (in areas with soft water); With a lack of manganese, plants are not large.Calcium is also very necessary for plants. If the solution has a lot of magnesium and little calcium, then magnesium harms the plant.

Special fertilizers.

Excess nitrogen - the leaves become dark green, flowering (and fruit ripening in lemon, orange, etc.) is delayed.

Liquid top dressing, which is often used for periodic top dressing of plants, previously diluted with water. To prepare a concentrated infusion from slurry, it should be placed in a fermentation tank, this process lasts about two weeks. At the end of fermentation, prepare a working solution. For this, the concentrated liquid is diluted with water (1: 2). This top dressing is added to the roots of plants, in order to increase the effect, superphosphate can be added to the solution (10 l - 50 g of the substance) .Mullein is a universal fertilizer. If you can use it in your garden, you must do this. In any case, manure is preferable to mineral chemical top dressing: Roses should be properly fed with 5 grams of azofos, 8 grams of nitrofoam, or 10 grams of complex fertilizer per bush aged 3 to 6 years. Roses will bloom more magnificent if you add half a glass of dry chicken droppings and ash. All this is introduced into the soil.Fish water There are so-called home-based plant nutrition products, if you are not a professional florist or botanist, then it is better not to experiment, otherwise the plant will do much more harm than good.

Homemade dressing.

Nitrogen Fertilizers

Dry brown spots on leaves, dry edges of leaves; CopperA lack of calcium weakens root growth, the tops of stems and young leaves die off. Calcium is especially needed for cacti with large or multiple spines.

Phosphorus

Mullein - fertilizer is used according to certain rules. Using fresh manure to fertilize the soil immediately before planting is not recommended, since it can harm the plants. The decomposition of manure in the soil is accompanied by elevated temperature. For this reason, mullein is applied to the soil in the autumn before cultivation - 4 kg per 1 sq. M; Korovyak is a fertilizer that is used by many experienced gardeners and gardeners. Mullein is a universal natural remedy that is suitable for almost all types of plants: vegetables, flowers and garden trees, due to the fact that it enriches the soil with unique nutrients. You can, like virtually all plants, but you need to do it in the right time and observe proportions. Mullein is a fertilizer rich in nitrogen and trace elements. Nitrogen promotes plant growth and the formation of additional shoots. But you can burn it with mullein. In addition, if you feed with nitrogen fertilizers in late summer and autumn, roses will not prepare well for wintering and may freeze. And have good results, but as they say - "a foolish inventor." Than it is perverted, it is easier to buy fertilizer, and what to do with it is written there.

For example, watering plants with water infused on an eggshell causes plants that are susceptible to salts of calcium and magnesium (who are very fond of feeding with mullein. It is best to smear the walls of the pot with a cow cake, and then fill the ground. They contribute to enhanced growth of stems and lush foliage .. With an excess of nitrogen, the plants fatten, the growing season lengthens, and the beginning of flowering is delayed, and the plant is more easily affected by fungal diseases. In summer, plant growth is suspended, and in winter you can see weak, elongated stems.Copper is involved in redox processes in plants, increases the resistance of plants to fungal diseases.

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Is it possible to fertilize roses with mullein?

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Magnesium

A k s i n y a

Phosphorus is part of the so-called nucleoproteins - the main component of the cell nucleus. Phosphoric mineral fertilizers include superphosphate, phosphorite flour, etc. Regular fertilizing of indoor plants with fertilizers should become a routine for you, since many so-called plant diseases are caused by improper care. The most important thing to do is to abandon fertilizers for garden plants, since the calcium carbonates contained in them can cause significant harm to indoor plants.

Mullein is one of the most affordable organic fertilizers. It is widely used both on an industrial scale and in small areas. Many plantings respond well to mullein, among which are tomatoes popular in our country. Mulking of tomatoes with mullein is carried out several times per season. Fertilizer allows you to get a more abundant and tasty crop, improve the structure of the soil and facilitate the care of crops.

What is mullein, fertilizer composition

Mullein is a nutrient solution based on cow manure. Fertilizer contains a complex of the most necessary substances for the growth of green mass and fruiting of garden crops:

• nitrogen - for active vegetation;
• phosphorus - without it, ovaries will not form;
• potassium - a macrocell necessary during the flowering period;
• magnesium - is involved in photosynthesis;
• calcium and other elements.

Nitrogen and potassium prevail in mullein. Because of this, the timing and amount of top dressing must be strictly observed so as not to overfeed the plant. Excess nitrogen forces the vegetative parts of tomatoes to grow to the detriment of the growth of ovaries and fruits.

The chemical composition of manure depends on the feed that animals fed. Nevertheless, mullein is in any case a complex of all macro- and microelements necessary for the normal development of plants.

How fertilizer works: when it is applied, soil fertility increases significantly, as the amount of humus - the nutrient layer - increases. The soil becomes not only nutritious, but also more loose. This facilitates the access of oxygen to the roots of plants.

Benefits of feeding cow dung of tomatoes and other crops:

1. Versatility - the fertilizer is suitable for both fruit and vegetable and even decorative plantings.
2. The raw materials are very cheap, and if the farm has cattle - free.
3. Manure is an environmentally friendly fertilizer.
4. Preparing is very simple and fast.
5. There is enough action for a long time: the fertilizer is mineralized gradually, providing food for crops throughout the season.
6. All substances in mullein are easily absorbed by plants.
7. Diluted manure can be used even if the plants are completely healthy and do not need reinforced feeding.
8. Mullein serves as food for beneficial microorganisms in the soil, helping their reproduction.
9. Insoluble compounds in the soil after application of manure easily go into digestible.
10. Soil with mullein in the composition warms up faster in the spring.

How to make a mullein for tomatoes

In its pure form, cow manure is dangerous to use, since it has a high decomposition temperature. Incorrect proportions of the fertilizer lead to a burn of the root system, from which the plant will greatly weaken.

Mullein is often confused with slurry. Fertilizers are prepared from the same raw material, but slurry is dangerous by the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Mullein is a fermented solution. While the slurry wanders, the bacteria die. Mullein acts no worse than slurry, but is considered a safer way of feeding.

How to make mullein for tomatoes:

1. First, a bucket of fresh manure is bred with 4-5 buckets of water.
2. Everything is thoroughly stirred.
3. The solution is moved to a warm place. Fermentation periods vary from 3-4 days to 2 weeks. The container is covered. Every 2-3 days it is slightly opened to mix the solution.
4. Cow dung is fermented, as a result of which dangerous microorganisms will die and uric acid will evaporate. Because of this substance, the root system gets burns. Signals that the fermentation process has begun, bubbles rising to the surface. After about a week, the color of the solution will begin to change to a lighter. Solid particles will settle to the bottom.
5. Fermented mass before use must be diluted again. Water should be at least 2 times more. The recommended proportions for tomatoes are 1: 4 or 1: 3.
6. The solution is insisted and stored under a closed lid so that valuable substances do not evaporate.

Advice! To enrich mullein, some vegetable growers supplement the fertilizer: for 10 l of liquid - 100 g of superphosphate and 500 g of wood ash.

Rules and terms of feeding

The term for feeding mullein tomatoes is spring. At this time of the year, fertilizer is most effective. The first deposit is carried out at the beginning of the growing season. Repeat - with the beginning of flowering. The third fertilizer application is planned for the formation of ovaries.

In the second half of summer, when the plant redirects forces to ripening fruits, watering with mullein is undesirable: nitrogen provokes bushes to build up green mass. Because of this, the crop may not be so plentiful.

How to feed tomatoes with mullein:

1. The approximate consumption of the finished solution is 10 l per 1 m 2. For one plant, 0.5 l of fertilizer is enough.
2. After the seedlings take root, make the first dose of mullein. The approximate period is 15-20 days after planting in the plot or in the greenhouse.
3. No need to water the beds with a solution, to make mullein, shallow grooves are first dug. They are made around each plant on one or two sides. It is perfectly permissible to dig grooves between the rows.
4. After irrigation with fermented manure, the grooves are covered with soil.
5. The next watering is carried out not earlier than 14 days after the first. Well, if you manage to guess and make a mullein on the day of the dissolution of the second, and then the third brush.

Tomato Fertilizer Precautions

There are cases when the mullein did not bring the expected result. This does not mean that the fertilizer is useless, it was simply applied in an inaccurate dosage or at the wrong time. Soil properties also affect the performance of fertilizing with manure.

1. No need to pour the mullein under the tomato bushes more than three times per season.
2. Do not abuse organic matter if the soil under the tomatoes is nutritious and loose.
3. Fill the mullein in the aisle only after abundant moistening of the beds.

Alternatives to mullein

Cattle excrement is not the only fertilizer of its kind. Rabbit droppings are used to feed the bushes. Is it better or worse than mullein?

Rabbit manure also contains nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and a number of other valuable elements. Even the heaviest clay soils become loose after regular introduction of rabbit droppings for three years. This type of organics is used much less often than cow dung, but will also be useful as an alternative.

As in the case of cow manure, rabbit excrement is introduced into the soil only in a rotted form. Tomatoes are sensitive to an excess of nitrogen, so the dosage of fertilizer is strictly observed: manure is diluted with water in a proportion of 1:15. Pour liquid into the grooves around the bushes.

Despite the simplicity of preparation and the availability of mullein, its action can exceed all expectations. Three times a spring top dressing is more than realistic to increase the yield of even a weak tomato variety. However, fertilize the beds with fermented manure with caution: although in dissolved form, it still remains a potent remedy. In case of an overdose, instead of use, the mullein will cause harm. If proportions are respected, the benefits will not take long.

In order for a tomato planted in a greenhouse or a greenhouse to please a gardener with a good harvest of delicious fruits, you need to not only create in the greenhouse or greenhouse the humidity, light and temperature modes necessary for the plants. For good growth and fruiting of tomatoes, a wide variety of nutrients are needed, which must be full and balanced. If tomatoes do not get any of the substances they need, then the price of such a deficit is quite high: their growth slows down or even stops, and fruit setting and ripening are difficult. In the event that an excessive amount of organic or mineral fertilizers was introduced to feed the tomatoes in the greenhouse, then the plants are inhibited and can die, as there is a strong dehydration. At each stage of its development, the tomato needs various top dressings, which we will talk about in more detail.

How, when and how to fertilize greenhouse tomatoes

Quite often, seedlings of tomatoes grown at home are very stretched, and by the time of transplantation into the greenhouse, it looks, to put it mildly, “not very”. (See How to fertilize tomatoes) If, despite all your efforts and a couple of weeks after transplanting tomato seedlings to a permanent place, it looks pale, thin and weak, then the first and second feeding of tomatoes in a greenhouse or greenhouse is carried out with an aqueous solution of mullein, dissolving in 10 liters of water 1 liter of mullein   and adding:

• 50 g of ash;30g superphosphate; and by 0.3 g (at the tip of a knife) of manganese sulfate and boric acid.

Each plant should get about half a liter of working solution. The interval between the first and second fertilizer application should be at least a week, optimally - 10 daysIt is important: you should not overfeed the tomatoes before setting fruits with ammonium nitrate, mullein or bird droppings, since an excess of nitrogen in the soil will cause the plant to “heal” - it will form a strong stem with abundant foliage, however, it will not bloom and bear fruit. If you yourself have applied too many nitrogenous fertilizers and your tomato has “healed”, then here is the instruction on how to fix it:

1. During the week, do not water the tomatoes. At the same time, we increase the daily temperature in the greenhouse to + 24 + 260Сand night - up to + 220С.To stop the development of green mass of tomatoes, root-dressing is carried out with an aqueous solution of superphosphate, diluting 3 tbsp. tablespoons of the drug in 10 liters of water. The resulting solution is used at the rate of 1 liter per plant.

When to feed

Experts, answering the question of when and how to feed tomatoes in a greenhouse, recommend that you adhere to a certain scheme for applying various fertilizers during the growing season of tomatoes.

• The first application of mineral fertilizers is carried out through 14-20 days   after planting seedlings in a greenhouse. To do this, breed 1 st. a spoon of nitrophoska in 10 l of water.The second time they feed tomatoes through 7-10 days   after the first fertilizer application. For this top dressing use a solution 1 hour l potassium sulfate in 10 l of water. Two weeks after the second top dressing, a solution is made up of:

1. 2 tbsp. tablespoons of wood ash; 1 tbsp. tablespoons of superphosphate; 10 l of water.

• During fruiting, greenhouse tomatoes, to accelerate the ripening of fruits, can be fed with the following composition: 1 tbsp. l nitrofoski, 1 h. l dry powder of sodium humate, diluted in 10 liters of water. For every 1 m2, 5 liters of working solution are consumed.

Nutrients essential for greenhouse tomatoes

Tomatoes grown in greenhouses or hotbeds need mineral fertilizers containing:

• potassium;phosphorus;nitrogen.

Let us dwell in more detail on the question of what time and how to feed tomatoes in a greenhouse.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen fertilizers are necessary at two main stages of tomato development:

1. After transplanting into a greenhouse or greenhouse. After the formation of the ovaries on the first two hands of most tomato bushes.

As mentioned above, if the seedlings have grown significantly, and besides, they were grown in low light conditions, and after transplanting it remains weak and elongated, then after 10 days it can be fed with nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Such root top dressing will give a powerful impetus to the increased growth and development of the root system and the bush itself. After the ovaries on the first two hands have formed on most tomato bushes, you can top dress with nitrogen fertilizers. At this time, the nitrogen introduced into the soil will not go to the formation of green mass, but will be directed to the formation and development of the fruit.

Potassium

Tomato, a plant that develops very quickly, which requires potassium to develop, which helps to form stems, set and develop fruits, manifest varietal tastes, as well as a beautiful appearance. In addition, potassium contributes to the resistance of tomatoes to various diseases. (See Diseases of tomatoes in a greenhouse). The greatest need for potash fertilizers in tomatoes in the following development periods:

1. During the opening of the third and fourth true leaf, when the generative organs of the plant are laid. From the moment of formation of the ovaries, until the fruit ripens.

Signs of potassium deficiency on tomato leaves If a tomato bush lacks potassium, then, as you can see in the photo, the plant “signals” about it:

• twisting the edges of the leaf blade; changing the color from saturated green to yellowish-bronze; uneven ripening of fruits.

Phosphorus

Phosphorus fertilizers introduced into the soil contribute to plant resistance to various adverse conditions, the development of a strong root system and good fruit setting. In addition, phosphorus is involved in the assimilation of other nutrients, in particular nitrogen, by plants. If tomatoes are deficient in phosphorus, you can see it is on the following grounds:

• the leaf blade begins to curl along the main vein; red and violet spots appear on the underside of the leaf; slowing down the fruit ripening process.

Tip: the first top dressing of a tomato in a greenhouse can be carried out while planting seedlings in a permanent place. For this, 10-15 g of superphosphate are added to each prepared well.

Trace elements

Table of macro and micronutrients needed for tomatoes In addition to macronutrients, tomatoes need a large number of micronutrients. According to experienced gardeners, for good fruiting and obtaining a quality crop of tomatoes, you need about 20 trace elements.

1. Video: tomato growing workshop

Tomatoes - a plant that decorates almost any home garden. These are some of the most delicious and healthy vegetables that are planted both for seasonal consumption and for conservation for the winter. In the middle lane and in the southern regions of Russia, tomatoes can be grown in open ground. For example, in the Rostov, Voronezh, Tambov regions there will be no problems, there is enough heat there for the full period of vegetation of these plants. But in the Pskov and Leningrad regions (and, especially, to the north) growing tomatoes without shelter is a rather risky event. But here you can get good harvests in the open field, subject to certain conditions:

• Early planting seedlings. Competent fertilizing for tomatoes at all stages of growth and development. Using agrotechnical methods to accelerate the ovary and ripening.

Seedling tomato

Obtaining, selection and disinfection of seeds

Seeds for seedlings can be bought at the store. You need to choose well-proven, zoned varieties with stable genetic characteristics from generation to generation. For example, for growing tomatoes in open ground in the middle lane, the following varieties are suitable:

• "Verlioka", "Katya", "Arctic", "Native", "Nevsky", "Yamal", "Far North", "Apples in the snow." They are also recommended for greenhouse cultivation in the northern regions of the country.

For southern regions, the choice is greater. Here you can plant solanaceae with a long vegetation period and a greater fruit mass of the final product. It:

• Fifi, Taman, Salad Pink, High-Peel, Shiva, etc. .

Another way to acquire seeds is to get them from your garden. For this, strong ripe tomatoes are selected (it is better to let them ripen on the bush, without ripening) and aged on the windowsill until they become soft (rotting should not be allowed).

The prepared tomato is cut in half, the seeds are squeezed into a jar and fermented. To do this, they should be left in the bank for 2-4 days. Quality seeds will separate from the pulp and settle to the bottom.

Selection of planting material

Before planting, seeds should be sorted by placing them in a glass of water for 10 minutes and stirring with a wooden stick. Seed material suitable for planting will sink to the bottom, and lightweight specimens will remain on the surface. Some sources advise warming the tomato seeds before planting, for the emergence of friendly shoots. The benefit of this procedure is doubtful, because by heating the seeds at high t °, you can deplete the supply of moisture that they contain.

How to "pickle" tomato seeds?

Previously, for this purpose, a potassium permanganate solution (1 g per 0.5 cup of water) was most often used, in which the seeds were kept for 20 minutes, and then thoroughly washed with water. But now is KMnO? almost disappeared from sale, and gardeners use other methods for seed disinfection:

• For example, aloe juice, in which tomato seeds are placed for one day, and then left to dry without washing.

"Etching" is necessary, because even the best fertilizers for tomatoes will not help to get a good crop from diseased plants, and after such treatment adult bushes are practically not affected by anything.

Soak

The most popular among gardeners - lovers are the following preparations for stimulating seed germination: Epin, Zircon and Guamat. They are good not only because they are growth catalysts for growing tomatoes, nourishing their seeds with useful trace elements, but also are environmentally friendly fertilizers with an organic nature of origin. Soaking temperature in these preparations should not be lower than 15 °, otherwise the effect of elements on the seeds will be incomplete .

It is best to use a solution with t \u003d 20-22 ° C. But in a solution of ash, it is absolutely impossible to soak tomato seeds. This useful fertilizer is useful in the following stages of plant growth and development.

Now it will have a depressing effect, due to the presence of mineral salts in it. Potash fertilizers for tomatoes at this stage do not use   for the same reason. Tomato seeds need an average of 18 hours to swell. After that, they are taken out of the water so that they do not suffocate, since when they germinate they need oxygen.

Seed germination

This procedure is simple, and quite quick. It is best to place the seed in a well-ironed gauze, which can be wetted with water or a diluted growth stimulant (Epin, for example). They sprout within 1-2 days, the most important thing is not to miss this moment, otherwise the roots will grow, which will cling to the tissue, and get stuck there.

Growing seedlings

It is necessary to take care of this issue in central Russia at the beginning of March.   In the northern regions, seedlings are planted at this time for subsequent transplantation into greenhouses. In the south they plant it in April, sometimes even in May.

But here there is no fundamental need for it; you can plant nightshade seeds directly into the ground.

Soil preparation

First you need to prepare the soil for tomato seedlings. There are many recipes for this mixture. Here is one of the most popular: For 1 part of garden or soddy soil (the land on which nettles grew in summer is ideal), 1.5 parts of humus, 1 peat, and 0.5 river sand are taken.

To ensure calcium balance add 1 cup crushed eggshell. Note that mineral fertilizers are not needed at this stage. They will be needed later, when it will be necessary to nourish adult plants for ovary and fruit loading.

Soil treatment

The resulting soil mixture must be steamed. This is done in many ways, from heating a bucket to a fire and ending with an oven.

Disinfecting and destroying fungi and putrefactive bacteria, as well as aphid larvae and stopping the activity of weeds is achieved using this procedure. Another way to clean pests from the soil mixture for growing tomatoes - shed it with a pink solution of potassium permanganate.   It will have to be watered in any case, after the soil is placed in seedling containers, as the water helps it settle and condense.

Landing

After germination, the seeds are placed in the prepared soil to a depth of 0.5-0.7 cm, with the spine down (if in doubt, put the seed on a flat side, the sprout and spine themselves will find where to move). Before the first shoots appear, pots with seedlings are placed in a warm place, with a temperature of at least 25 ° C.

Some gardeners cover pots with plastic bags to enhance the thermal effect. This can also be done, but do not forget to periodically ventilate the landing.

Seedling Care

To provide good nutrition you can water the young plants with an extract from ash.   This is done no more than twice during the entire period of "home" growth. Another one a method of feeding young plants is a yeast solution.

It can be prepared as follows: 5 grams of bread yeast are diluted in 5 liters of water, and left for one day. Then seedlings are fed with this suspension, but not more often than 1 time for the entire growth period.

You cannot store the resulting mixture for more than 2 days. You can also use high-speed yeast as a fertilizer for tomatoes. A mixture of them is done as follows: One bag of yeast and two tablespoons of sugar are poured into a glass of warm water, mixed, waiting for complete dissolution. Insist 2 hours, and the resulting working solution is added when watering at the rate of 0.5 l per 10 l of water.

"Moving" seedlings in the garden

Ready for planting tomato bushes should have the first brush with ovaries and the second, flowering brush.Do not immediately plant them in the garden. First you need to harden the plants, this is one of the main conditions for growing tomatoes in the open ground.

It is advisable to start on a cloudy day by putting pots of plants on the street for 15-20 minutes, every day increasing your stay in the open air. There is another way (if you arrived at the cottage for one day in order to plant seedlings in open ground) - cover plants with plastic bottles or plastic buckets. For this, a bottle of 5 liters or more is taken, the bottom is cut off from it. It is installed above the tomato bush so that from one edge between its lower cut and the soil there is a gap for air circulation.

Scheme: an example of the location of tomato bushes in the garden

Outdoor tomato care

Into the ground before planting seedlings, you must make organic fertilizers. The following consumption rate per 1 square meter is recommended per square meter: wood ash - 0.5 l, compost or humus - 1 bucket, urea -1 tsp. After the plants have taken root well, feeding should be carried out.

For this, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for tomatoes are used. At the first stage, it is better not to feed nightshade with nitrogen.

Its excess leads to a rapid growth of vegetative mass, to the detriment of the formation of ovaries. Liquid fertilizer from ash can become very useful for development at this stage. It nourishes the plant with those elements that are necessary for the growth of the bush, and the formation of flowers and ovaries.

At the stage of flower formation, it is also worth feeding the nightshade with ready-made fertilizers, such as Sudarushka-Tomato - a universal complex without chlorine. It is used to prevent fungal diseases and increase productivity. The following method of application - 1 spoon (teaspoon), dissolves in 10 liters of water. Under each bush, pour 0.5 L. In the open ground in tomatoes a typical “greenhouse problem” sometimes manifests itself - tomatoes bloom, but do not tie. But the root causes of this phenomenon are different than that of plants in the open ground:

1. Early planting seedlings.

Tomato fertilizer

Every gardener dreams that his tomato crop would be the best. To do this, you need to regularly fertilize tomatoes with various fertilizers. Let's take a closer look at this process, discuss everything that can and cannot be done.

The most important thing is choosing the right fertilizer for tomatoes. For those who do not like to bother with this issue, you can just go to the store and buy ready-made. As a rule, if the store is a normal seller, he will tell you which is better and how to use it.

But if you still don’t want to spend money, then fertilizer for the tomato can be done on its own.

• The main factors to consider when growing tomatoes: Fertilizing tomatoes with mullein more than 3 times a season is highly not recommended; Do not grow tomatoes in excessively fertilized, greasy organic soil; It is not recommended to put manure or bird droppings in the holes for the tomatoes, otherwise you will get large green bushes, but there will be few tomatoes on them; at the beginning of the growing season you can sprinkle with urea, but do not need to put it under the plant; Fertilizers can not be changed, you need to convert to a specific complex of mineral and organic fertilizers th and fertilize tomatoes in a strictly defined quantity; Do not grow different varieties on the same bed; Do not over-fill the tomatoes with water; this will interfere with the normal access of oxygen to the roots.

What minerals are necessary for the normal growth of tomatoes

Despite the fact that tomatoes assimilate from the soil many times more potassium and nitrogen than phosphorus. Tomatoes are still the most demanding vegetable crop for phosphorus nutrition.

Already from the moment of seed germination, phosphorus helps to strengthen the roots, flowering occurs earlier than usual, the fruits ripen faster, and the total number of crops increases significantly. Thanks to phosphorus, the sugar content and dry matter increase in fruits. Scientists have found that 94% of phosphorus uploaded by tomatoes goes to the formation of fruits.

Each kilogram of superphosphate powder contains 180 g of phosphoric acid, while the plant assimilates only 30-50 g, the rest goes into another form, unacceptable to plants. It is better to fertilize tomatoes with granular superphosphate, in this form phosphorus is better absorbed, which significantly reduces the cost of fertilizer.

This is especially true for seedlings, young tomatoes still have a weak root system for the assimilation of sparingly soluble phosphorus compounds, so the use of granular superphosphate is most welcome. When planting seedlings, add 10-12 grams to each well, this will accelerate growth and increase the yield by at least 10%.

Not an unimportant detail, between the roots and fertilizer should be 2-3 cm of soil.For normal fruiting, tomato also needs potassium.

But to obtain the proper effect of phosphorus-potassium top dressing is possible only with a sufficient amount of nitrogen, preferably in ammonia form. Especially, nitrogen-potassium nutrition is necessary for the plant from budding to the end of fruiting. But everything should be in moderation.

A lack of potassium and nitrogen negatively affects the growth of tomatoes, tomatoes become smaller. However, an excess of nitrogen leads to a delay in fruiting and plants become more vulnerable to disease. Excess nitrogen or phosphorus leads to a lack of potassium.

Excess potassium - to a lack of calcium or magnesium. On light soils, with the introduction of potassium chloride in plants, the need for mania increases. Tomatoes are also well affected by foliar dressing with microelements.

For example, spraying with boric acid positively affects the distribution of pollen, fertilization, stimulates the ovary and fruit growth. It is better to carry out such dressing in the evening, at this time of day the nutrient solution dries more slowly, and morning dew on the leaves contributes to even greater absorption of the nutrient solution by the plant. Thanks to manganese, the assimilation of carbon dioxide is accelerated, nitrate nitrogen is better absorbed and the fruit growth is stimulated.

With a lack of boron and manganese, the buds die off. Copper improves metabolic processes. When growing early varieties of tomato in sandy soils, there may be a lack of copper and magnesium.

The process of feeding tomato seedlings

The key to a good harvest is a strong and healthy seedling. First of all, if the plant is stunted, a white color appears, it is necessary to fertilize bird droppings (1:10) or mullein (1: 8).

For 10 liters of such a solution, add 10 grams of potassium sulfate and 15 grams of ammonium nitrate. Pour half a cup onto the plant. After 8-10 top dressing, we repeat only with the calculation of 1 glass per 1 bush of tomato.

The third top dressing is carried out after two weeks with a nutrient solution: 10 l. water, 15 g of potassium chloride, 15 g of ammonium nitrate and 20 g of superphosphate. 2-3 days before transplanting seedlings, dry granular superphosphate is added to the ground, 2 g under each bush. Sprinkle new earth and watered.

Fertilizer tomato

The first feeding. In 10 liters of water add half a liter of mullein, 2 micronutrient tablets, 1 tablespoon of nitrophoska and half a teaspoon of boric acid. We feed this mixture in early June, pour one liter of the mixture under each tomato bush. Second.

Held in early July. For 10 liters of water, half a liter of mullein, 2 tablets of micronutrient fertilizers and a tablespoon of potassium sulfate.

As in the previous case, also per liter for each bush. To prevent diseases, it is recommended to water weekly with a solution of potassium permanganate (5 g per 10 liters of water) in a glass for each bush. In this case, before the fruiting in the ground with the expectation of 1 square. m. add: 5g. ammonium nitrate, 15-20g. superphosphate and 4g. potassium chloride.

During fruiting - saltpeter 10 g., Superphosphate 10-15 g. It is best used as a solution during irrigation. Regarding organic fertilizers such as manure or compost, it is best to apply it in the fall during digging 2-3 kg per 1 sq. Km. m And next year, already plant tomatoes in this area. Therefore, tomatoes are less responsive to the direct introduction of organic fertilizer.

Mullein is an organic fertilizer that is made on the basis of cow excrement. There is no chemistry in mullein, so many gardeners opt for it. Fresh it is used, added to compost. For tomatoes, diluted mullein is mainly used.

Interesting!

The amount of nutrients is very dependent on the food that the animal eats and on the age of the cattle. It is noted that the excrement of an adult individual contains more than fifteen percent of nutrients.

Manure contains a lot of nitrogen, which is responsible for building greenery. Potassium and calcium are necessary in the formation of fruits. As well as phosphorus in a small amount. Such a substance as magnesium is not found in all varieties of mullein, but tomatoes also need it for full development. Small amounts of manure contain elements such as B, Cu, Mg, Zn, Co, and Mo. Mullein decomposes for a long time, so it is able to nourish plants for much longer than mineral fertilizing.

Mullein species

This organic substance can be divided into three types, and all of them are successfully used in agronomy.

• bedding;
• slurry;
• litterless;

Litter- this is manure mixed with bedding materials, peat, straw, hay. If peat prevails as a litter, it contains a huge amount of ammonia nitrogen. Such top dressing is better and faster absorbed by plants. As for the minuses, there is no magnesium in the litter manure.

If straw prevails in the substrate, it means that it contains magnesium, which is vital for plants, as well as potassium and phosphorus. This mixture is suitable for fertilizing the soil in the autumn and for composting.

Slurry- It is a liquid fertilizer; it is not recommended to use it fresh. Since it can contain various viruses and bacteria dangerous to plants. It is used after the solution ferments, and all microorganisms die. It has high levels of nitrogen and potassium. Before use, it must be diluted with water. Some gardeners introduce slurry in the autumn for plowing, then during the winter it will have time to decompose and replenish the amount of nutrients in the soil. This fertilizer contributes to the active growth of tomatoes and increase productivity. It is recommended to apply 5 kg of manure per 1 m2.

Litterless   - according to the consistency of medium density, it has high nitrogen values. Mullein is also distinguished by the content of other nutrients. Before use, it is diluted with water, used as watering for trees and various garden crops.

It is also worth noting that there is also   factory mullein. For those who live in the city and do not have a farm, getting fertilizers can be problematic. But due to the fact that progress does not stand still, various manufacturers began to produce it in convenient packaging. It can be a half-liter capacity, liter or five-liter.

Interesting!

1 kg of dry granules can replace 4 kg of fresh substance.

Dry granulated mullein is packed in polyethylene and a cardboard box. It is already disinfected and ready for use. Fertilize in the soil should be, strictly following the instructions. You can buy it at any gardening store. The most popular are Radogor or Compost BIUD KRS.

Mullein cooking

Rotted manure

During storage, water evaporates from manure, and aggressive nitrogen decomposes. Substances cross over when laying in compost. To do everything right, first you need to dig a deep hole, and cover its bottom with a film. Sawdust, foliage, grass are poured with the first layer and all this is watered with mullein, then again sprinkled with sawdust. Alternate until the pit is full. Some gardeners recommend adding wood ash to the substrate.

Humus can be introduced into the soil during plowing; from 1 to 11 kg of substance is usually used per 1 m2. You can also prepare from it an infusion for root dressing. For this, 1 kg of humus is added to 5 liters of water. Many gardeners from it prepare a substrate for growing seedlings. To do this, it is mixed with fertile soil, taking one part of humus and two parts of the earth.

Infusion

In order to cook it you will need slurry or fresh manure. Upon contact with water and aging for 3 days, nitrogen hazardous to plants decomposes and becomes completely safe. Manure is added to water, observing a proportion of 1 to 5, then the liquid is well mixed and insisted in a warm, sunny place for about 14 days. A sign of the onset of fermentation are bubbles. Before watering the tomatoes, the mullein is again bred with water.

Use this infusion in case of obvious signs of a lack of nitrogen, or with a growth retardation of young plants. To fertilize tomatoes at the flowering and fruiting stage, experienced gardeners advise adding mineral substances to the solution.

Mullein with the addition of minerals

At the time of flowering and fruiting, tomatoes especially need elements such as potassium and phosphorus. Unfortunately, in mullein they are not enough. But you can add them to the solution additionally. For example, half a kilogram of wood ash, or 100 grams of superphosphate, is added per 10 liters of concentrated substance.

Thanks to such top dressing, fruits will be actively tied, and productivity will increase. The taste of the tomato will also improve.

Foliar feeding of tomatoes

Using foliar top dressing, beneficial substances are absorbed by the plant much faster than when they are applied to the soil. But you can not use a concentrated solution for this procedure, otherwise it can lead to unpredictable consequences. It is recommended to dilute the mullein with water in a ratio of 1:20. Tomatoes are sprayed in the evening or in cloudy weather, since direct sunlight after the procedure threatens to cause burns.

Feeding schedule

Seedling top dressing

Two weeks after emergence, you can feed the seedlings with a mullein solution. The substance is diluted with water 1:20, and tomatoes are watered under the root. For a better effect, you can add one spoon of nitrophoska to the solution or 0.5 tsp. boric acid.

Mullein fertilizers after planting in a permanent place

Tomatoes must adapt to new conditions, and after 14 days you can make a mullein in the same concentration as in the previous case, adding 1 tbsp. l potassium sulfate. Such top dressing activates the growth of the plant and brings closer the moment of flowering. For preventive purposes, 3 grams of potassium permanganate is added to a bucket of the substance. For undersized varieties, approximately 500 ml of solution is used. For tall tomatoes, the dosage is increased.

Mullein feeding during ovary formation

At this time, tomatoes especially need to add additional substances to the soil and experienced gardeners use the following recipe for this:

In water (10 liters) add 1 liter of mullein, 2 tbsp. l superphosphate and 1/3 teaspoon of copper sulfate and mix thoroughly. Then fertilize the soil with the resulting composition. Also, this top dressing can be used at the stage of fruit ripening.

1. Fertilizing tomatoes is carried out immediately after watering, in the morning or evening.
2. To make mullein, grooves are made next to the plant, into which manure is poured.
3. Humus can be used as mulch, it will simultaneously retain moisture in the soil, will serve as an obstacle to the growth of weeds and will gradually saturate the tomatoes with useful substances.
4. Fresh manure can be introduced only in the fall before plowing the soil. During the winter, he will cross, and saturate the soil with vital trace elements.
5. If you use fresh undiluted mullein, it will burn the root system of plants.

Conclusion

Mullein is a universal fertilizer that has been successfully used by farmers for more than a dozen years. It serves as an excellent top dressing for various crops, and not just for tomatoes. Manure saturates the soil with various beneficial substances. But you need to use it very carefully, applying it fresh or not observing the dosage can not only harm the plants, but even lead to death.

Mullein is considered one of the most common fertilizers. It is used in the cultivation of fruit trees, berry bushes and vegetables, including tomatoes. The additive increases the level of humus in the soil, due to which the fertility of the earth increases.

Tomatoes after irrigation with mullein grow more intensively, the ovaries quickly form, and fruiting occurs several days earlier.

Mullein is a waste of livestock. As a fertilizer, it has been known and used for a very long time. It consists of:

Nitrogen compounds

They are responsible for the formation and development of new shoots, healthy leaves;

Potassium

The substance affects the amount of future crops, improves the taste characteristics of fruits, and is also responsible for their color and shape;

Calcium

The element is necessary for the normal development of the root system, makes the stem powerful, and tomatoes useful;

Magnesium

It is considered a necessary substance for the photosynthesis process, promotes the formation of juicy pulp.

Such a micronutrient composition instantly affects the culture. Even after the first feeding on tomatoes, a positive effect is noted. Fertilizer can be bought in villages or in summer cottages where there is livestock. Even despite the unpleasant smell, the demand for mullein never drops. Gardeners love top dressing for a number of advantages:

• Natural origin:

Unlike many effective top dressings obtained by chemical reactions, cow manure is obtained naturally and does not harm plants when used properly.

• Good digestibility in the soil:

The additive is well absorbed and quickly decomposed into many useful components, which immediately begin to act.

• Improving immunity:

In addition to nutrition, mullein enhances the protective function of tomatoes.

• Inexpensive cost.

Mullein species and application

As you know, the fertilizer can be liquid, solid, concentrated or diluted. Each fertilizer has its own characteristics, so before using them you need to carefully study.

Litter Mullein

The substance contains solid excrement of cows and particles of peat, straw, hay. The main element is nitrogen. It is represented by ammonium ions, which are better absorbed by tomatoes. Litter manure is used to prepare the soil in the autumn period, as well as in the spring before planting tomatoes. 4-5 kilograms of fertilizer are taken per square meter of soil and evenly distributed in the soil. Then they dig the earth.

Litter mullein can be used to mulch the soil after irrigation. It helps to keep moisture in the ground, and during spring frosts it will not allow tomato roots to freeze. Dry mullein can be mixed with other additives. Ash, crumbled chalk or eggshells are added to it.

Liquid fertilizer

Liquid substance is absorbed in the earth better and faster than solid. However, in view of the high reactivity, the additive should be handled more carefully and carefully. So, too concentrated solution can cause burns to the culture.

Attention!

Liquid feeding of cow dung must be diluted with water before use.

The main time for application is the end of spring and the beginning of summer. At this time, tomatoes are especially in need of mineral and organic elements. Usually mullein is watered under the stem of the plant. The breeding scheme is simple: 4-5 liters of water are taken per 1 kilogram of fresh manure. Stir the mixture and incubate in a warm place for 5-6 days. Gas bubbles appear on the surface - uric acid is released. Acid is the main cause of root burns, as it is chemically aggressive. Every day the color of the mixture will become lighter and lighter, and in the end will take on a greenish-white hue.

When about a week has passed, the liquid fertilizer is diluted another 5 times with water, poured into a watering can or bucket, and then the bushes are watered with infusion. One landing meter takes up to 10 liters of water. The irrigation rate per bush is on average 1 liter. Top dressing is carried out 1 time in 10-14 days. For the whole summer, the number of top dressings can reach 4-5.

To reduce the unpleasant odor, you can add a teaspoon of copper sulfate 10 liters to the additive. It will make the smell less pronounced, and also enhance the immune qualities of seedlings. Copper sulfate prevents the development of harmful bacteria and fungal microorganisms.

Concentrated supplement

In garden shops, you can sometimes find cow dung packaged in plastic bottles. It is produced in a special factory and goes through the cleaning stage, so the additive does not smell as much as house manure. During production, the concentration of minerals and organics is significantly increased, which enhances the effect of the additive. If you compare the product with a conventional diluted mixture, the concentrate is five times more powerful than liquid mullein.

The concentrated additive should be diluted and used according to the instructions on the packaging. Feeding is convenient because it does not take up much space, and also does not require time to infuse the solution. Ease of use and application efficiency have made the concentrate a favorite fertilizer for most gardeners.

Universal fertilizer is best used before fruiting. The first top dressing is carried out 2 weeks after transplanting seedlings to a permanent place. The second time fertilize the earth before flowering. A teaspoon of potassium sulfate is added to the liquid cow droppings. Feeding is repeated after flowering. Then, when the tomatoes begin to sing, you can apply fertilizing one more time, for a plentiful harvest.

If mullein is already used as fertilizer, then the application of other fertilizers of this kind (horse manure and chicken) is unacceptable. There is no need to use complex additives, the composition of which is also based on minerals and organics. An excess of fertilizers affects plants badly, tomato bushes wither, and tomatoes are poorly tied and ripen.

Sometimes inexperienced gardeners complain: fertilizing was carried out, but there was no effect. This can be caused for several reasons:

• poor quality mullein. Perhaps the fertilizer has already fallen into disrepair, as it has been stored for too long;
• insufficient concentration of fertilizer. When watering with a weak solution, the effect will certainly be, but it will take a long time to wait;
• using the supplement too early. If you water it with cow droppings immediately after planting the tomatoes, then their development will slow down for several days. Transplanting is stressful for plants, and top dressing enhances it.

If you follow all the recommendations for the preparation of the supplement, as well as adhere to the tips, then cow droppings will be a good helper in the cultivation of tomatoes. Its use is not difficult, but the result will exceed all expectations. Mullein even today is in serious competition with many modern additives with a powerful chemical composition. Demand for it is not declining year-round, and it is difficult to buy cow dung during the season.