One of the most beautiful garden flowers blooming in early spring is primrose, the name of which comes from the word "primus", translated from Greek as "early, first." This plant is popularly called "rams" for wavy leaves, similar to the backs of lambs, or "keys" for inflorescences, which, according to ancient legend, are associated with a bunch of spring keys.

The title photo shows Primula pubescens primrose, variety ‘Exhibition Blue’.

Types and varieties of primrose suitable for outdoor cultivation

Primrose, or primrose - a small decorative bush. Its leaves are wavy at the edges and rough to the touch, and spectacular bright buds are collected in inflorescences. This plant is popular all over the world due to its beauty, simplicity, and also unpretentiousness in leaving. The period of active growth of primrose is quite long, it begins in early spring and can end in early summer, so this plant is suitable for planting on, and is also widely used in landscape design.

Interesting to know! There are more than 200 species of primrose garden, but in our climatic conditions, only a few of them are popular. These species can be divided into 2 groups: spring flowering and summer flowering.

Types of primroses of spring-flowering perennial garden cultivated in our country:

• Stemless, or ordinary (vulgaris)   - One of the most common types of primrose, having many varieties. The following symptoms are characteristic of it: oblong-shaped leaves and short peduncles, which are located almost at the same level. The stalks of primrose vulgaris reach a height of 15 cm.
• Spring (veris)   - this species includes plants with wrinkled, oblong leaves of a light green tone, and bright orange inflorescences, inclined in one direction, on a high stem.
• Toothed (denticulata)   - round inflorescences of white, blue, blue, lilac or pink, with a diameter of up to 5 cm, which are located on a stem up to 30 cm high.
• High (elatior)   - has inflorescences of yellow stamens with a dark core, directed upwards and small serrated leaves.
• Julia (juliae)   - this type of primrose has characteristic bright shades of red buds and green leaves. The primrose is not afraid of frost, grows rapidly, forming a continuous coating.
• Cortusoid (cortusoides)   - has rough leaves with small denticles along the edges, and inflorescences in the form of umbrellas from 5-10 lilac buds. The peak of growth of this variety of primroses occurs in late spring or early summer.
• Auricula (Ear primrose - auricula)   - this species is characterized by the presence of softly smelling plain or two-tone flowers and leathery leaves wrapped in a shell.

Summer primrose blooms poorly tolerate lower temperatures and excess water at the root. They can reach a height of up to 1 meter, and also have a strong stem and large leaves. As a rule, summer-flowering primroses are grown in areas of Asia, China, Tibet and the Himalayas on elevations up to 4 thousand meters high, on the banks of reservoirs or in wild forests.

Types of primroses of summer flowering:

In accordance with the shape and position of the buds in inflorescences, primroses are distributed into groups (varieties).

The classification of varieties of primroses is determined by German scientists:

1. Pillow-shaped   - have single inflorescences and short stems, which are located just above the leaves;
2. Spherical   - have dense inflorescences in the shape of a ball, which are located around a long stem;
3. Bell-shaped   - have inflorescences of small flowers in the form of bells;
4. Umbrella   - have inflorescences in the form of an umbrella on the stem, up to 20 cm high;
5. Tiered or candelabrum   - inflorescences are located on the stem in several tiers; externally, the flowers of this variety resemble a candlestick.

Certain varieties of primrose have a pleasant smell. The root of the plant is located on top of the soil, so frequent watering and fertilizing affect the primrose beneficially.

Bordered primula (primula marginata), variety ‘Drake’s Strain’

Seed cultivation

You need to grow garden primrose only from high-quality seeds, so before buying them, you should pay attention to the shelf life. Better bought or collected grains are best left on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.

The process of growing primrose from seeds is quite painstaking. In the spring and summer, only those plants that have been planted will bloom no later than January. Crops produced after this month, in most cases, give color only after a year. Therefore, it is recommended to plant freshly harvested grains immediately in seedling boxes or in open ground, and late sowing in February is also allowed.

For better seed germination produce stratification, which is carried out in several stages:

1. Seedling box or container with holes at the bottom for outflow of water filled with soil.
2. On the top layer of loosened moist earth seeds are laid at a distance of 1 cm, and tamped a little.
3. Box covered with a lid or placed in a plastic bag. After that, a container with seeds put on the very bottom of the refrigerator. If such a need arises, you should moisten the soil.
4. If germination does not occur for a long time, the container must be   leave at a temperature not lower than -10 ° C for a 3-day period.
5. After 3-4 weeks, the seeds hatch, after which the container is slightly opened so that fresh air enters the seedlings. The box is pulled out of the refrigerator and put in the shade.
6. When 2 leaves appear, shoots must be peaked, put in a shaded place and left for 10 days. After this time, when the seedlings grow and get stronger, you can remove the package or cover from the box.
7. Planting of primroses in open ground is carried out in the period from mid June to August, when there is no risk of frost.

It's important to know! The landing of some types of primroses is carried out taking into account certain features. So, primroses are small-toothed and ordinary, do not need stratification, but, after hatching the seeds, the first species must be put in complete darkness, and the second - in the light.

Planting and caring for garden primrose

You can plant primrose seedlings, or dividing the root in early spring and late summer. The soil should be clayey, fertilized with organic matter, moistened and slightly loose. It is important to ensure that at the landing site there is no stagnation of water or hard, hard earth, since such conditions are not suitable for the plant.

Most types of primroses are preferably planted in a light area, but there are those that like shade (Julia's primrose) or stone soil (ear primrose).

Before planting, it is recommended to add some sand to the soil. Mineral fertilizers are applied in the second year of plant life in 3 stages: in early spring, 2.5 weeks after this, and in the middle of summer. Before primrose, the soil needs to be slightly loosened and moistened.

It's important to know! A young plant needs to remove part of the leaves. Such manipulations contribute to an increase in the number of buds and the abundance of flowering of the primrose.

Every 2 years, a soil layer 2 cm thick is sprinkled under the flower. After 3 years of growth, the primrose should be planted. In winter, plants are covered with a dense ball of dry leaves.

In the process of growing primroses, perennial gardening are exposed to the following diseases and problems:

• Damage to aphids, fleas, spider mites, slugs, nematodes;
• Rust;
• Bacterial spotting;
• Rot;
• Powdery Mildew;
• Anthracnose;
• Spotted wilting;
• Mosaic cucumber.

If these problems are found, it is necessary to apply spraying, feeding the soil with special preparations and other substances that contribute to the elimination of the disease and pests.

Garden primrose in landscape design in the photo

There are many types and varieties of primroses, so you can plant unusual bright compositions of these flowers that will delight the eye with the splendor of shades and shapes from early spring to late summer. In landscape design, primroses are used very often, these beautiful flowers will decorate any site beyond recognition.

The compositions of several types of primroses with low daffodils, tulips, irises, phloxes, soap dish and with which primrose can be replaced look amazing. These color combinations are ideal for decorating, or stone slides.

For lovers of simplicity and lightness in landscape design, it is recommended to plant flower beds or areas with one or more varieties of primroses of the same shade. Such compositions form a continuous bright carpet, which attracts the eyes, and will not leave anyone indifferent.

Very often, primroses of a certain or different species are planted along stone paths in the garden. Compositions of primrose with different colors look quite impressive for this purpose.

The best will be the compositions of alpine and Sikkim primroses planted around it. This design decision will add a special touch to the appearance of the site as a whole.

Primrose bushes planted in corners or along fences will complement the general atmosphere of the site, make its design unusual and complete.

Borders from primrose and cyclamen

Often primrose is planted in decorative containers, garden vases or hanging pots to decorate the house and the entire surrounding area. Such compositions can be used to mask small parts or defects in the design of the site.

Primrose is one of the most beloved and revered plants by gardeners. With the help of compositions of different types and varieties of these flowers, you can transform the garden, flowerbed, lawn, and even the building itself beyond recognition. The advantage of this plant is its unpretentiousness in growing and a variety of forms and shades of individual varieties, as well as the opportunity to admire the flowering plant for as long as possible.

How to sow primrose in winter

Consultation on video from the Garden World channel: the nuances of primrose seed propagation.

A spring flower, also known as a primrose, is able to bloom even before the final snow melts. Due to this feature, the plant attracts the close attention of many landscape designers and gardeners. The primrose is long-term, planting and care of which does not take much time and effort, captivates with the spring attractiveness of bright inflorescences against the background of nature not yet awakened.

Each gardener or gardener has a plot unsuitable for further cultivation of crops on it, in their opinion. However, unpretentious primrose can fully develop in such territories, delighting the owner with spring colors. And although the beauty of the primrose is not able to overshadow the surrounding flowers, but it is able to give its flowers for a long period - from mid spring to mid summer, and sometimes twice during the growing season.

Planting flowers

Proper planting is the key to successful plant growth.

Site and soil preparation

Different types of primrose have their own preferences: some love sunny areas, others like areas shaded by other plants, and others like the damp shores of water bodies. The best solution would be to plant the crop on a shaded area or on the east side of the house, which will protect it from drying by the midday scorching sun. If planting flowers is planned for the decoration of the rock garden, then you should avoid the south side.

The primrose prefers light fertile soils with high humidity and a good drainage system that prevents stagnation of water, in which the flower most needs a phase of intensive development and flowering. In the case of severe soil depletion, additional enrichment with nutrients is carried out by adding organics with a norm of 20 kg of a mixture of compost, humus and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1 per 1 m2 and mineral fertilizers - 20 g nitroammophoski for a similar area.

How and when to plant?

The planting of perennial primrose in the garden is carried out in spring or autumn in the second year of development. Compact varieties are planted with a distance of 15 cm between specimens, and large species are located 20 cm apart.

Important! Bushes should be planted in such a way that at the end of planting growth they close up: primrose negatively refers to excess space.

Landing rules

Planting primrose is usually carried out by seedlings, for which you must follow the instructions:

1. In early February, seeds purchased in a specialized store are distributed on the surface of a moistened soil mixture, consisting of leaf soil, sand and peat in a ratio of 2: 1: 1, so that up to 5 pieces per 1 cm2.
2. The dishes with crops are covered with polyethylene and placed in a freezer with a temperature of up to -10 ° C.
3. After 3-4 weeks, the container with frozen seeds is mixed on the windowsill, where it is obscured by direct sunlight.
4. A week after the appearance of the first shoots, the film is removed.
5. When two pairs of true leaves form in seedlings that are characterized by slow growth, seedlings are dived into boxes with tweezers

Important! Primrose from seeds is planted in the garden only after two years of growing in boxes.

Care for primrose garden perennial

Primrose does not need special care. However, for a flower to please its owner with flowers for a long period, it is necessary to adhere to the basic agrotechnical requirements for growing primroses in open ground.

Watering

Culture needs constantly moistened soil. In spring, abundant watering is carried out once a week. In hot periods, the frequency of irrigation and the volume of water used doubles - 1 m2 is irrigated with three liters of liquid.

Top dressing

Enrichment of the soil with nutrients is an integral part of good care. During the growing season, primrose is fed weekly with a solution of complex mineral fertilizers with a concentration of two times less than indicated on the package.

Advice! To avoid growing green mass instead of forming flowers, fertilizing with nitrogen-containing fertilizers should alternate with the addition of potassium and phosphorus.

Flower transplant

Primrose refers to highly growing plants, therefore, it needs a systematic transplant every 4-5 years, during which division of the bush is carried out.

Pest and disease protection

Since the primrose is cultivated on moist soils in partial shade, it is prone to damage by fungal diseases in the form of powdery mildew, rot, rust, as well as bacterial spots. When manifestations of fungal diseases are detected, fungicide treatments are carried out, and in the case of bacterial diseases, the affected specimens are destroyed. Of the pests on the primrose, aphids, spider mites, weevils, fleas are noted, which can be controlled by spraying the plantings with an insecticidal preparation.

Winter preparations

After flowering is complete, the soil under the primrose is loosened and cleared of weed vegetation, after which the flowers are left alone. In the autumn period, the culture begins to grow green mass, which serves as a natural shelter for the flowers in the winter.

Breeding

The seed method is not the only possible way to breed primrose. The flower can be propagated by vegetative methods - cuttings, dividing the bush and rooting shoots.

Bush division

After reaching the bush for three years, as a rule, you can begin to divide it. However, there are exceptions: some varieties are propagated using this method only after five years of age. The best time for dividing the bush is early spring or autumn - periods before or after the flowering phase.

During the procedure should be guided by the following algorithm:

• The plant is carefully scooped up, and its root system is cleared of the remains of soil.
• The rhizome is divided with a sharp knife into parts, each of which should have 2-3 roots and a leafy outlet.
• Places of sections are sprinkled with wood ash as an antiseptic.
• After the separated parts of the rhizomes are planted in the garden.
• In spring division, each new plant is watered daily for 12-14 days.
• If the procedure is carried out in the fall, young specimens take refuge before the onset of serious cooling.

Propagation by cuttings

When using this method, the largest primrose bush is selected, from which, after extraction from the soil, parts with developed roots are separated.

Then:

• The tops of the cuttings are longitudinally incised, which allows to accelerate the growth rate of the kidneys.
• Prepared cuttings are planted in open ground to a depth of 4 cm.

Rooting

In the case when the plant lacks a formed root system and well-developed rosettes, the rooting method is the most suitable way of propagation.

For a successful implementation, you must perform the following steps:

• From the base of the rhizome, the leaf petiole is separated with ⅓ of the leaf plate.
• The shoot is planted in a container filled with a substrate of sheet soil and sand in equal parts.
• The pot is transferred to a room with a large amount of ambient light and a temperament of between 16-18 ° C.

When an escape is formed from the kidney, the plant moves to the garden, provided that weather conditions allow it.

Landscape design application

The variety of species and varieties of primrose, as well as the ease of cultivation contribute to its popularity among landscape designers, some of which prefer primroses, rather than tulips or daffodils. Indeed, if you select the varietal composition correctly, the flower garden can delight the owner with flowers from mid-spring to late summer.

Most often, primrose is used to decorate the following objects:

• The banks of artificial reservoirs are often decorated with hygrophilous primroses.
• Borders and paths are organically shaded by bright grades.
• Rock gardens and rockeries are also often decorated with primroses due to their undemanding to the ground and lighting.

So, garden primrose, being an undemanding flower, is an ideal culture for any garden site. And the species diversity makes it possible to enjoy long flowering almost until the end of summer.

A beautiful garden plant, pleasing with a variety of beautiful flowers, early flowering and unpretentious nature, is known as a long-term primrose. Photos with detailed instructions for breeding primrose can be easily found on sites dedicated to gardening. Aesthetic qualities combined with ease of care make this flower more and more popular both among housewives and among landscape designers.

What does garden perennial primrose look like?

Primrose is a beautiful perennial primroses

The primrose flower is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Primrose.   Under natural conditions, it grows in northern Africa and Central Asia, in Europe, as well as in the Middle East. The plant has a powerful root system, which makes up its underground part. A leaf rosette located in close proximity to the rhizome consists of simple or dissected, sessile or petiolate oblong-oval leaflets. There are varieties with a wrinkled or dense, leathery leaf plate of gray-green color. At first glance, it may even seem that the leaves are covered with a slight coating of wax. But the greatest decorative value is not bright foliage, but colorful primrose flowers. They are attached to delicate stems on elongated leafless peduncles. The arrangement can be single, but more often the flowers are collected in inflorescences of a pyramidal, spherical, umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped. Tubular buds with a funnel-shaped or flat limb abundantly cover the bush, impressing with their beauty and variety of colors. At the end of flowering, the plant forms fruits in the form of a cylindrical or spherical polysperm.

Primrose perfectly adapts to environmental conditions and can be cultivated at home in Russia.

In addition to the garden, primroses grow remarkably at home in pots.

Types and varieties of garden perennial primrose

The family Primrose (also found as Primrose) has more than five hundred species, which makes it one of the most numerous in the world flora. Interestingly, species not described by scientists are found in nature to this day. A huge variety of different varieties allows gardeners to realize the most daring ideas and create amazing floral arrangements on their site. Naturally, before buying, you should familiarize yourself with the distinctive features of each species to make sure that you can create the necessary conditions for the flower. In addition, knowing all the necessary information, it will be much easier to choose a hybrid with the desired color, shape of inflorescences and color of the leaves. Let's get started!

There is a huge variety of species and varieties of primrose

Primrose ordinary (stemless)

This species is distinguished by a short rhizome, consisting of thick, dense, cord-like roots. The leaves are lanceolate, their width reaches 6 centimeters and a length of 25 centimeters. They can be partially preserved on the plant during wintering.

The common primrose has soft yellow or snow-white with a purple pharynx single flowers, which are located on short peduncles (6-15 cm). Dicotyledonous petals. During the flowering period beginning in March, the bush is densely covered with colorful buds, so the stemless primrose looks like a festive bouquet. The most popular varieties:

• virginia - snow-white buds with a yellowish pharynx;
• giga white - has white flowers;
• cerulea - saturated flowers with a bright yellow pharynx.

   Stemless primrose has a very short stem, from which it takes its name

It is an evergreen herbaceous perennial with thick, leathery leaves of a deep green color with a slightly serrated border. They are covered with a slight powdery coating, can be oval or oblong. The flowers of the ear of primrose are painted yellow and reach up to 2 centimeters in diameter. Note that gardeners value hybrid varieties of this type more, as they have excellent decorative properties. For example, there are varieties whose buds are painted immediately in several bright colors (jonathan), and also have an unusual pattern on the petals. As a rule, flowers are formed on delicate peduncles (10-25 cm), have a yellowish pharynx and gather in umbrella-shaped inflorescences.

   Primrose ear or auricola - has large bright rosettes of flowers

It is a natural hybrid, which is based on species such as primrose ear and stiff-haired. This is a fairly compact herbaceous perennial, growing up to 15 centimeters in height. The obovate leaflets are collected in a miniature basal rosette (2-8 cm), have fine-toothed edges, and are densely covered with tiny grayish villi. The leaf blade is painted green on the outside and fawn on the inside, with powdery powder over the entire surface. The flowers are located on erect, powerful, mealy pedicels, the length of which varies from 5 to 15 centimeters. Inflorescences in the form of apical umbrellas consist of 15-20 flowers directed to the top.

Flowering lasts from early May to June. Feathered primrose is a frost-resistant plant that can withstand temperature drops of -29 ° C.

Pubescent primrose is a hybrid of the ear and stiff-haired primrose, which has a beautiful outlet with small villi on the edges of the petals

The plant is a bushy perennial with large spherical inflorescences, which consist of a large number of snow-white, purple, burgundy or purple flowers. In diameter, the inflorescence can grow up to 10 centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is 0.5-2.5 centimeters. It is interesting that at the beginning of flowering oblong, lanceolate, wrinkled leaves of light green color are practically not visible, and the peduncle rises above the bush by only 2-3 centimeters. After several weeks, it grows, and the height of the inflorescences increases to 20-25 centimeters. Simultaneously with the peduncle, leaves also grow, which are able to increase from 5-7 centimeters (at the beginning of flowering) to 20 centimeters. During the ripening period, the length of the peduncle varies from 30 to 50 centimeters, and the leaf blade increases to 30-40 centimeters. Note that the fine-toothed primrose blooms from April to mid-June. The stems and foliage of the plant are covered with a specific powdery coating, so experts do not recommend moistening them.

The fine-toothed primrose has spherical inflorescences from small flowers on a peduncle, which grows as the plant grows

Japanese primrose is a special kind, since it is somewhat different from its relatives. Firstly, it is characterized by a rather late flowering, which begins in June, and not in April-May. Secondly, its inflorescences have an uncharacteristic form for primrose, which the breeders christened candelabra. They are located on an elongated peduncle, capable of reaching up to 40 centimeters in length. On it, colorful whorls begin to bloom in stages, which include 5-7 small buds. In adults, primrose on the peduncle can be up to 6 tiers. Interestingly, when the upper inflorescences are just beginning to bloom, seeds are already forming and ripening on the lower ones.

This species belongs to long-flowering, since the period of its flowering is on average 30-40 days. This distinguishes it from other varieties and makes it so popular among gardeners. By the way, a powerful, long peduncle allows you to use the Japanese primrose to cut and form bouquets.

Japanese primrose is a late candelabrum species of primrose, which begins to bloom in May, but gradually

Primrose florinda

It is a perennial herb, which is characterized by abundant flowering and unusual bell-shaped buds. Bright leaves are collected in dense rosettes, above which on long pedicels towering drooping saturated yellow flowers collected in neat inflorescences. Naturally, perennials require a lot of strength to form buds, so experts recommend thinning it out annually. Trim the bush so that it has no more than 3-4 powerful outlets. If you properly care for primrose florinda, she will thank you with a long flowering, lasting from June to August. It should also be noted the captivating aroma of flowers that spreads throughout the garden. Please note that in winter a delicate flower will need a shelter that protects it from frost and wind gusts.

   Primrose florinda is a bell-shaped species of primrose that feels great near ponds

Of particular interest to gardeners are early flowering varieties, one of which is Voronov's primrose. The plant is a fairly compact bush, growing up to 20 centimeters. It has basal leaves of an ovoid shape and delicate pinkish-purple flowers that form beautiful umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Flowering begins in April and lasts until mid-May. This elegant flower will be an excellent addition to other hybrids.

Having planted several varieties on the plot, blooming at different times, you can enjoy the amazing flowering of primrose throughout the spring-summer period.

Primula Voronova - an early small variety of primrose akaulis

Primrose is small

This undersized variety will surely appeal to lovers of miniature plants. It looks great both as an independent plant and as an addition to floral arrangements from other varieties. Under natural conditions, small primrose is found on rocky areas of Central and Southern Europe. The height of an adult bush is only 5-7 centimeters, and the width is 10-12 centimeters. The flowering period falls in mid-May-end of June. Please note that the flower transplant should be carried out in humus-rich, well-drained acidic soil, otherwise a small number of flowers will form on the bush.

Small primrose is a miniature primrose variety that most often grows in rocky terrain

Primrose Julia is one of the most popular varieties cultivated in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Its main advantage is a long and plentiful flowering, which lasts from April to May. Even novice gardeners can grow and propagate this variety, because it is unpretentious, hardy and resistant to low temperatures. Its serrated leaves are painted in deep green color. As a rule, it is used as a groundcover or border plant, replacing unsightly weeds.

   Primrose Julia is a small groundcover species of primroses from the Caucasus, which is unpretentious and blooms for a long time

It is a herbaceous perennial with a short horizontal rhizome. Spring primrose has an oblong wrinkled foliage of obovate shape. There are species with obscurely town-like or jagged leaves forming a friable basal rosette, from the middle of which a bare peduncle comes out. Five-membered, dimorphic yellow flowers reach up to 15 millimeters in diameter. They slightly wilt in one direction, differ in a ten-toothed cup and form an umbrella-shaped inflorescence tilted to the side.

This is a long-flowering species, so you can enjoy bright colors from May to early July.

Spring primrose or veris is considered a medicinal plant, often used for decoctions and infusions

Primrose high

Perhaps the name speaks for itself: a high primrose is able to grow up to 35 centimeters in height. It reaches such sizes thanks to a powerful root system, which forms a lot of cord-like roots of brown color. Leaf blades have a lanceolate or ovoid shape and are covered with small wrinkles. Often the edges of the leaves of the plant are framed by small denticles, and their inner side is covered with grayish hairs. Small flowers (2-3 cm in diameter) are collected in lush umbrella-shaped brushes. The primrose is not only beautiful, but also fragrant, so plant several perennial bushes near the arbor.

The main difference between tall primroses is long peduncles

Primrose rejected (Siebold primrose)

This herbaceous perennial is medium in size and can reach up to 25 centimeters in height. It has a thin, highly branched, long rhizome. Lanceolate-oval, serrated leaves are located on elongated petioles. Hybrids are often found, the leaf blade of which is densely covered with tiny villi. Peduncles with large flowers majestically rise above the green bush. Depending on the variety, the buds collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences can be painted in pink, purple or pale purple with a white throat. Flowering lasts from early May to June.

   Siebold primrose is a Japanese variety of primrose with serrated leaves

Primrose pink - spring perennial, enchanting with its incredible beauty and bright colors. The height of an adult plant is 30 centimeters. It has wrinkled leaves narrowed into a small petiole and long arrows (20-30 cm). The buds are painted in bright pink color and form umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Most often, this type is used to decorate lawns and borders. For fast growth and abundant flowering, the bush needs loose, fertile soil and a large amount of moisture, so it should be abundantly watered and fertilizers applied to the soil.

Primrose pink is great for growing on an alpine hill

Primrose bis

The bush is formed by oblong obovate leaves collected in sockets. The leaf blade is narrowed to the base, has a blunt tip and is covered with small teeth along the edges. The variety is distinguished by fairly dense, tough, long (up to 50 cm) peduncles, which are covered with a slight powdery coating. They have bright candelabrum inflorescences, consisting of 8-16 large flowers. They are collected in whorls and form on the peduncle from 2 to 8 tiers. The opened bud reaches 2 centimeters in diameter. Depending on the variety you have chosen, the buds may have a pink, raspberry or carmine color.

Bissa primrose is a candelabrum type of primrose

As a rule, the presented variety is grown as a biennial, but the option of long-term cultivation is also possible. Beautiful, long (up to 40 cm) leaves have an uneven serrated rim and fall off in the winter. Inflorescences are located on high (up to 50 cm) peduncles in 5-7 tiers. Flowers can be painted in yellow-orange or orange color, flowering lasts from June to July. Bullea primrose looks great in ponds and streams, and is also well suited for creating floral arrangements.

When placing the plant in the open ground, you should take care of reliable winter shelter, since the flower does not tolerate the effects of low temperatures.

Bullea primrose is a candelabrum type of primrose with a tiered arrangement of flowers

One of the highest species. Peduncles are quite thin, but despite this, they can reach up to 75 centimeters in length. Powerful, erect stems are covered with a slight powdery coating. The leaves are oval or lanceolate and are collected in a thick basal rosette. The drooping buds make up lush multi-flowered umbellate apical inflorescences located on the peduncle in several tiers. The funnel-shaped nimbus is painted a pale yellow or cream color. The flowering period falls on May-June. The plant is able to withstand frosts up to -23 ° C, prefers to grow in wetlands or well-moistened areas.

It is a compact bushy perennial that does not grow above 20 centimeters. The basal leaves converge into delicate rosettes, from which the flower stalks rise majestically. The leaves of the scapular-lanceolate form can be whole-edge or fine-toothed. Foliage, stems and peduncles are covered with a whitish-yellow powdery coating. Flowers of purple, pinkish-lilac or saturated violet color have a bright pharynx and gather in umbrella-shaped brushes.

The plant blooms from May to June, but with proper care, repeated flowering is possible in early September.

Mealy primrose is a primrose with umbrella inflorescences and the presence of white or yellow plaque on plants

This variety, as a rule, is cultivated indoors, placing a flowerpot with a bush on the windowsill or balcony (in summer) of the apartment. It is a grassy annual plant growing to half a meter. The leaves collected in a dense outlet are attached to dense petioles. The leaf blade may have an oval or heart-shaped shape, as well as an unusual serrated border. Leafless pedicels towering above the bush, on which several whorls are located. As a rule, an inflorescence consists of 10-20 small fragrant flowers. The buds can be painted in pink, red or snow-white, the pharynx is yellow. The plant will delight you with colorful flowers in the middle of winter, giving a spring mood.

Soft-leaved primrose is usually suitable for growing at home.

It is a perennial with beautiful grayish-green toothed leaves of a rounded heart shape, covered with a pronounced powdery coating. Umbrella inflorescences from tiny yellow flowers are located on high peduncles. As a rule, the length of the peduncle varies from 20 to 30 centimeters, and the diameter of the flower does not exceed 1 centimeter. The buds have a very delicate, pleasant aroma, so the plant is often located near arbors or at home.

   Primrose Cuse - another type of primrose for growing indoors

Primrose chinese

It is a herbaceous perennial. A bush located in the garden, as a rule, grows up to 30 centimeters. It has petiolate leaves of a rounded heart shape, assembled into a powerful outlet and reaching 10-15 centimeters in length. Toothed leaf border. Umbrella inflorescences are located on high peduncles. The flowers are quite large (4 cm). There are varieties with snow-white, pink, red or orange buds, as well as wavy petals. Chinese primrose will bloom annually only if, after each flowering, you artificially arrange a dormant stage for it.

The structure of Primula sinensis Primula sinensis is perfect for growing in the garden, as well as at home

Reverse conical primrose is from China and is one of the highest representatives of the family. An adult plant reaches a height of more than half a meter, has pubescent oval leaves with a heart-shaped base, located on oblong petioles. The edges of the leaf blade are slightly wavy. At the root of the foliage is going to several powerful sockets. Leafless peduncles grow up to 25 centimeters, the inflorescences have an umbrella shape. The color of the buds depends on the selected hybrid. Varieties with scarlet, blue, snow-white or pink flowers are on the market.

Note that fragrant flowers can cause allergies in people susceptible to strong odors. In this case, we recommend giving preference to special hypoallergenic hybrids developed by breeders specifically to prevent allergic reactions.

Primary reverse conic has another name - Primula obconica

We presented to your attention the most common types of primroses, but recently such hybrids as multi-flowered primrose (polyanthus), terry, obkonika, akaulis (acaulis), colossus, Elizabeth Killeley evening, jeans, Dutch and rosanna have become increasingly popular. Of particular interest are the mix varieties, which are a mixture of various species planted in one container.

How to care for primrose at home

Breeding primrose is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. Having familiarized yourself with the basic recommendations of specialists to create optimal conditions for a flower, you can grow a healthy plant and even propagate it.

Lighting

Long-standing primrose is distinguished by a wide variety of varieties, which allows to receive aesthetic pleasure from contemplation of beautiful flowers throughout the spring-autumn period. Almost all varieties suitable for cultivation in garden conditions are unpretentious, so the plot of the garden on which other plants do not want to grow may be suitable for primrose. When caring for primrose, it should be remembered that this flower prefers diffused lighting, direct sunlight is harmful to it.

Planting a plant requires compliance with a number of simple rules. Varieties of primrose, preferring direct sunlight, are very few, therefore, in choosing a place to grow these bright flowers, you should focus on shaded areas and penumbra flower beds.

Primrose is unpretentious in leaving, but it is more preferable to choose places with diffused lighting for them.

Temperature

In summer, it is best to keep the plant on an open balcony or in the garden. After the end of the flowering season and with the onset of cold weather, home primrose becomes a full-fledged indoor flower. Primrose is perfect for outdoor cultivation, as it prefers cool temperatures. For example, it is better to keep domestic flowers at 16-20 ° C, and during flowering they are recommended to be transferred to the northern windowsill. Naturally, the plant will grow well even at normal room temperature, but in this case you should not hope for long flowering. Sometimes, primrose pots are even placed between the frames of old windows to provide it with optimal conditions.

In summer, indoor primrose is best taken outdoors

Humidity

The flower signals a lack of moisture by drying the edges of the leaves. The atmosphere around the primrose should be moist, from time to time the leaves should be sprayed with warm and soft water.

Primrose - hygrophilous flowers

How to water a primrose

During dormancy, when the flower does not bloom, it is watered moderately, avoiding excess moisture, which can destroy the roots of primrose. During flowering, primrose requires abundant watering, so as soon as the soil on the surface of the flowerpot begins to dry out, moisten it with standing warm water. Watering should be carried out directly under the root, otherwise the delicate leaves may rot.

Top dressing

Home care implies the mandatory feeding of the plant. Most gardeners do not recommend nourishing the plant with too saturated fertilizer, it is better to dilute it strongly. It is preferable to make top dressing in a complex, starting from the moment buds appear. Before the first signs of flowering, it is not worth fertilizing the plant, as it refuses to bloom and gives all its strength to the leaf. During the period of active flowering, primrose should be fed every 14 days.

Bloom

As already noted, during flowering, primrose requires a cool temperature, high humidity and plentiful watering. Also, one should not forget about top dressing, which will help to somewhat prolong flowering and give the plant the necessary components for the formation of colorful buds.

How to accelerate the flowering of primrose

To accelerate flowering and stimulate the growth of plants, it is sprayed with special means. A 0.01% gibberellin solution is perfect. Similar preparations should be used at the stage when buds are just beginning to form on the primrose

Primroses can bloom with a 0.01% gibberellin solution

After primrose care

After the flowering period, the plant should be pruned, faded buds removed from the bush and prepare the primrose for wintering. Watering and hydration is recommended to be reduced, top dressing should be carried out no more than once a month.

How to prune a primrose

Pruning is the removal of peduncles with faded inflorescences. This procedure is carried out so that the primrose does not waste energy on the formation of seeds. Thus, you prolong the flowering somewhat and stimulate the blooming of the following flowers. Also, do not forget to prune yellowing and wilted leaves.

How does primrose propagate?

This bright and positive flower is not only easy to care for, but also provides gardeners with several options for propagation:

• seed cultivation;
• plant cuttings;
• division of the bush.

Let's consider each of them in more detail.

How to grow primrose from seeds

Recently, the method of primrose propagation by seeds has become increasingly popular. Despite the fact that experts refer this method to the most energy-consuming and labor-intensive, many lovers prefer it. Primroses grown from seeds surprise the hosts with unexpected colors and riot of colors, while the signs of the mother plant are not always preserved.

Before sowing primrose seeds, it is better to stratify them.

At home, primrose is grown from seeds in accordance with the same technologies that are used when propagating a garden flower:

• before planting in the soil, the seeds are kept for several days in a cold place (this procedure is called stratification);
• after aging, the seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 5 millimeters, you can sow primrose in peat tablets;
• after the first shoots (after four to six weeks), the sprouts are carefully observed, waiting for the first leaves to appear;
• the appearance of the first leaves serves as a signal for the picking of plants;
• grown seedlings are planted several in one pot.

Note that primrose from seeds blooms only in the second or third year.

Bush division

This method is considered the most popular among gardeners because of its simplicity and accessibility, especially since such a procedure should be carried out regularly: young bushes must be separated from old so that the plants do not interfere with each other. The overgrown primrose is dug out of the ground, the roots are washed under a stream of water and divided with a sharp knife. The separated plant is immediately planted in the ground and provided with daily watering.

   Garden primrose propagates well by dividing the bush

Cuttings

A little less popular is the method of cuttings. By the way, this method is more preferable for the primrose itself. Photos showing the cuttings can be easily found on the web. When grafting, first of all, make a small incision on the upper part of the root, which will provoke the growth of the kidneys. After the shoot grows up, it is transplanted into the soil and regularly watered.

Leafy cuttings

Leaf cuttings are also excellent for propagation. To do this, select several strong leaves, shorten them by one third, and then treat them with a special stimulator for root formation. The resulting seedlings are planted in individual pots with a substrate, deepening the stalk by 2 centimeters. Until a pair of true leaves appear, the small primrose should be kept under special shelter.

How to transplant a primrose

If you received this beautiful flower or bought it at a flower shop, most likely you will have to transplant the plant. Only in this way can you be sure that the soil and the size of the pot are perfect for your primrose. Also, transplantation is carried out at the end of the flowering period.

The soil

Primrose is known as a grateful flower that is sensitive to care. Experts argue that the main requirement for care, ensuring the comfort of the plant is to maintain the optimum level of soil moisture, in which the long-term primrose grows. Planting a flower provides for a high-quality selection of soil mixtures.

Due to the weakness of the root system inherent in most species of primroses, the ground under these flowers should be loose and permeable, clean, free of weeds.

Pot selection and planting

If you live in a city and want to decorate your windowsill with a wonderful flower - a potato primrose will be the best choice. It does not require a large pot. It is enough that he was about twice the size of the bush. First, fill the pot with one-third drainage, then pour part of the substrate, consisting of a special soil mixture and sand, into it. Remove the plant from the old pot, carefully shake the ground from it and place it in a new one, placing the root neck closer to the surface. Be very careful with the roots so as not to damage them. Now you just have to generously pour primrose with purified water and add soil to the required level. Make sure that water does not get on delicate leaves, otherwise they may rot.

When the primrose grows, it is transplanted into a larger pot

Outdoor landing

Experts recommend planting primrose in spring or autumn. The most suitable period will be from late May to early June. Choose a shaded place for the plant, protected from direct direct sunlight. Only alpine hybrids of primrose can be planted in the sun. Before planting, you should thoroughly loosen and moisten the soil, make complex fertilizers. It is also necessary to take care of drainage to prevent stagnation of water in the ground. If the soil in your garden area is excessively heavy and clay, make it a little easier by applying a mixture of sand, manure, vermiculite and moss. The distance that you must keep when planting primrose, largely depends on the variety you choose. For miniature hybrids, 10-15 centimeters will be sufficient, and tall species need twice as much space, so they are planted 20-30 centimeters from each other. Planting should be fairly dense, otherwise the flower arrangement will look unaesthetic. To accelerate the growth and increase the flowering time of the plant will help the introduction of complex fertilizers.

   The grown seedlings of primula from the pots are transplanted into the open ground

Caring for primrose after planting

After planting the primrose, it takes some time to root and adapt to a new place. During this period, seedlings need regular watering, loosening the soil and top dressing. Do not forget to weekly remove weeds that interfere with the development of the root system of the flower. In summer, watering is doubled, increasing water consumption up to 3 liters per 1 m².

It is recommended to use complex mineral fertilizers well diluted with water as top dressing. The dosage indicated in the instructions is usually reduced by 1.5-2 times, and the feeding procedure is carried out weekly. Also alternate phosphorus and potassium mixtures so that it is easier for perennials to regain strength after the formation of lush buds.

Diseases and pests of primrose

The most common cause of various diseases and pests is improper care of the flower. For example, yellowing leaves indicate inadequate humidity or the content of primrose at an excessively high temperature, excessive watering or top dressing. Too frequent and plentiful watering often leads to the fact that the plant is affected by gray rot, which destroys the stems and root system of the plant. Correct the irrigation system, remove the withered stems and transplant the primrose into a new substrate. As for pests, most often the primrose suffers from a spider mite or aphid. Treatment with an insecticide for indoor plants will help get rid of them.

With improper care, primrose can be affected by gray rot

Primrose is not only an excellent ornamental plant, but also a storehouse of healing substances. This is not a secret, because it has long been used in traditional medicine. For example, the benefits of decoctions and tinctures using flowers and leaves of primrose have long been proven by scientists. Capsules, herbal tea and other preparations are made on the basis of the plant. Naturally, you can use any remedy solely on the recommendation of the attending physician, who will indicate the necessary dosage and write down the exact dosage regimen. Primrose oil has received the greatest distribution, as it has a number of useful properties. It is taken for female diseases and cycle disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, mental disorders, and even during pregnancy. The range of uses is quite wide, so primrose oil should be in every medicine cabinet. Note that the purchase of medicines should be carried out exclusively in a pharmacy, since a drug purchased in a supermarket or on the market may not meet quality standards and cause harm to the body. As for the manufacturers, the products of the company Solgar and Ginokomfort have many good reviews.

Primrose   - One of the most popular and favorite plants among our gardeners. In nature, these flowers can be found almost throughout the Eurasian continent in temperate latitudes, in moist areas of the highlands.

But, like all plants, primrose has the ability to adapt to other conditions of growth, therefore, it has been successfully cultivated for many centuries by gardeners around the world, including Russia.

Description of Primrose

Primrose primrose - One of the most diverse and widespread early flowering plants. In total, there are up to 550 species. Most often it is a perennial, herbaceous or semi-shrubby crop, but there are both annual and biennial primrose.

The underground part of the primrose is a rhizome with roots. The leaves are always collected in a small basal rosette, but they can take a variety of forms - lanceolate, oblong-oval, oval.

Given the species diversity of primroses, leaves may have an uneven surface, or a dense, leathery texture. The leaves can live either only one season, dying off after the first frost, or winter under the snow cover and come to life by the new season.

Primrose flowers   have a tubular structure with bifid or whole petals.

Primrose color   have the most diverse, monophonic, two-color and three-color plants are found. Terry primrose has been bred by breeders. Often flowers have a peephole. Peduncle without leaves, gives one or more flowers collected in spherical, umbrella-shaped or pyramidal inflorescences.

Primrose gives fruits in the form of achenes. The seeds in the boxes are small, dark brown in color, cylindrical or spherical in shape. The flowering period is spring. There are species blooming in summer.

Useful properties of primrose

The ancient Greeks appreciated medicinal properties of primrose (primrose), and this is not surprising. The root system of this plant is part of the diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant spectrum of drugs that help start the processes of secretion of sputum from the respiratory tract.

Decoctions of primrose roots are used in folk medicine for insomnia, decoctions of leaves are used for vitamin deficiency, neurosis, headache, tinctures for the treatment of gout, rheumatism, skin rashes.

The agricultural technique of growing this crop is not so complicated. In this article we want to tell you about how to grow primrose in open ground on and in the garden. We will not dwell on the description of this family of early flowering, about the varieties and types of primrose can be found in.

Outdoor primrose cultivation

What is the best place to put primrose?

First of all, you should decide on primrose landing place. Regardless of the variety and the place of their natural growth, in our natural conditions, professional flower growers for primroses recommend shaded areas of the garden under deciduous trees (or pears) or shrubs, flower beds and bumps that do not fall in the afternoon sunshine, moist coastal zones of water bodies.

Moisture and soil requirements for planting primrose

Moisturizing

The soil for primroses should be loose and moisture-resistant.. In other words, primrose should receive a large amount of moisture, but the liquid should not stagnate and waterlog the soil.

In the spring period, in April-May, humidification should be the most intense, because in nature, during the snow melt in the mountains, primroses literally drown in water. Often in our conditions there is little rain during this time, so make sure that the primrose does not dry out, otherwise the plants will weaken and lose their decorative qualities.

Useful advice:   Varieties such as Siebold primrose are best grown by immersing their root system 1-2 cm in water.

The soil

Regardless of where the ancestors of your primrose grew before, and mountain crevices with poor soils, or along mountain rivers, or among alpine meadows with rich fertile soils, in a garden culture, primulas should provide loose well-groomed soils - light and clay. Such soil retains nutrients, is well saturated with moisture and drains it quickly enough.

If your site is heavy clay soil, this drawback is easily eliminated by making it on 1 sq.m. landing area:

• buckets of sand
• chopped sphagnum moss,
• vermiculite
• 2 kg or rotted silage.

The easiest way to do this is by removing 20 cm of the topsoil in the area and replacing it with a suitable nutrient mixture. In a year, in the fall, only mineral potash-phosphorus fertilizers will be sufficient to make such a soil.

Lack of light soils in low nutrient content. Such soils are enriched with:

• 5 kg of old humus,
• 10 kg of sheet (compost) earth,
• 5 kg of old peat,
• 20 g of phosphorus-potash and 15 g of nitrogen fertilizers

per 1 sq.m of landing area.

Primrose Care

These plants do not need special care. The main thing is to provide the necessary amount of moisture and a sufficient flow of air to the root system of the primrose. To maintain the right level of nutrient medium, do not forget to regularly get rid of weeds.

Feeding primrose

During the growing season primrose should be fed three times a season potassium phosphate fertilizer and regularly organic fertilizer.

• The first application of mineral fertilizers is done in early spring.
• The second time - after 14-21 days.
• The third time is in July.

All this time, do not forget to pour primrose bushes with slurry (cow, horse or sheep manure), and in the fall, enrich the place where you grow primrose with a 3 cm layer of nutrient substrate to a depth of 15-20 cm.

To preserve moisture, ensure aeration of the root system and prevent the abundant germination of weeds, planting primrose mulch with a gravel layer of 5 cm. In addition, it will serve as an excellent decorative addition to the planting of primroses.

Useful advice:   to prolong the flowering period of primrose, regularly pick dried flowers.

Like all plants, primrose tend to grow. After 3-4 years, they can grow so much that they will be forced to squeeze each other and bloom poorly. Therefore, in order to provide the primroses with normal development conditions and the nutritional properties of the substrate, plant bushes should be divided and planted. It will be better if you not only plant the overgrown bushes, but also transfer the entire flower garden with primrose to another place.

Perennial plantings of primroses need a protective shelter for the winter. First of all, it is important to preserve the deciduous rosette of the primrose until the fall - this is the natural protection of the plant from winter cold.

Useful advice:   the outlet of primrose varieties such as Japanese, Florinda, and Fine-toothed does not retain all, leaves only 3-4 leaves, this significantly reduces the likelihood of primrose getting rotted by the root neck and leaves, and also allows the plant to form larger and brighter flowers by spring.

Mulching for the winter is easiest to do in late autumn with a 10 cm layer of wood foliage.

Diseases and pests of primrose

Most often primrose susceptible following diseases:

• rust,
• rot of the ground
• bacterial leaf spot,
• powdery mildew,
• anthracnose
• jaundice,
• viruses and cucumber mosaic,

Of pests   often a defeat occurs:

• nematodes
• weevil
• flea beetles
• bugs, etc.

Primrose brings the biggest trouble fungus Ramularia cercosporella . This is evidenced by the appearance in the last days of spring of first pale, and then brown, with a yellow border spots on the leaves of the plant.

When the sporulation of mushrooms begins, and this usually happens in the second half of July, the spots become covered with a whitish bloom. This leads to withering and drying of the leaves, the cessation of flowering, weakening of the plant.

To prevent such situations, regularly inspect the primrose bushes. If infected leaflets are found, remove and destroy them. Twice a year, immediately after flowering and early spring treat primrose plantings with the following compounds:

• 0.2% topsin, 2% foundationazole, 1.5% cineb,

• 0.5% copper chloride, 1% Bordeaux liquid.

Autumn primrose should be sprayed with 1% nitrafen.

Interesting to know. Most of all this disease is the primrose of Julia, primrose Ordinary, Spring and High. The primrose Ushkova, the primrose Pink, Pallas were more resistant to the defeat of Ramularia cercosporella. Japanese primrose, Florinda and Fine-toothed do not get this fungus.

Primrose breeding

These plants can be propagated as a vegetative way   (dividing the bush, cuttings), and using seed.

Growing primrose from seeds

Seed and substrate requirements

Primrose gives a ripe seed box in the second half of summer. But when collecting seed material, the fact that primrose seeds very easily lose their germination ability. therefore for sowing, take only freshly picked planting material.

In principle, it is possible to sow primrose at any time of the year, but in the Middle lane we recommend that you do this from the end of February. Try to find the most suitable day for this with help. So you will achieve better germination of seedlings and their normal development.

If you are going to sow primroses in your summer cottage in open ground, then wait for the snow to melt and prepare boxes or containers for sowing by digging them into the ground. So you reduce the likelihood of losing seedlings. At the same time, you will have to make sure that the soil in the containers does not dry out, is not washed off by showers and is not damaged by various pets.

You can plant primroses in a similar way in the summer period immediately after the seed bolls ripen, but then, to ensure normal seed germination during periods of summer drought, you will need more planting material. Some gardeners sow primroses at the end of autumn. But the highest percentage of germination during seed propagation of primrose gives in spring.

Sowing tanks

The most suitable for this are mini-hotbeds or containers, at the bottom of which drainage holes are provided, with plastic, transparent lids. But you can use for this purpose any suitable container that allows you to equip a mini-greenhouse for seeds. You can even take an ordinary plastic food container with drainage holes drilled in the bottom.

Sowing substrate

For most varieties of primrose, it is best to take a substrate, consisting of:

• 1/4 turf land
• 1/2 leaf humus,
• 1/4 of the sand.

You can use the ready-made flower soil, which is sold in stores. Just add 20-50% vermiculite and perlite or sphagnum moss to it if these components are not part of the mixture.

Fill containers with prepared substrate. It is possible, in the case of small seeds of Auricula, to make a thin top layer of perlite. In this case, the soil should be slightly moistened with a spray gun.

Sowing seeds primrose

The sowing of these plants is carried out on the soil surface at the rate of 5 grains per 1 sq. Cm of sown area. This can be done with a napkin, on which seeds are poured, or with a toothpick, after wetting its tip with water. Seeds need to be slightly pressed into the ground.

What is cold startup and why is it needed

In nature, many species of wild primroses sprout at the base of glaciers. Therefore, in order to give friendly shoots, the seeds of such varieties of primrose as Pink, Florinda, Japanese, Siebold, High and Dipped need cold start. This means that immediately after sowing, the containers are placed in the freezer (up to -10 degrees) or sprinkled with snow for 3-4 weeks.

Siebold and Vysoky primroses after a cold start should be germinated in a dark room until sprouts appear. For gardeners, we do not recommend lovers of such primrose varieties; leave this to experienced breeders. But hybrid varieties do not need such a procedure.

Sprouting seedlings

Before germination, direct sunlight does not present any particular problems for greenhouses. But as soon as you notice the first shoots, be sure to take care of shading of primroses and regular moistening of the soil   using a spray gun or syringe without a needle. Just do not overdo it with watering, otherwise the seedlings will begin to rot very quickly!

You should also start gradual acclimatization of germs. This means that it is necessary to periodically ventilate the greenhouses, slowly increasing the ventilation time until the shoots grow up and 2 completely formed leaves appear on them. Then it is already possible to remove the transparent protective cover or film from the containers. During the period of intensive growth of seedlings, the frequency of irrigation is increased.

Note.   In order to give sprouts, primrose planted in the fall, it will take 14-18 weeks, and seeds sown in the spring, only a month.

Dive seedlings

  It is advisable to make a pick 2 or 3 times. After 3 full leaflets appear on young plants, they should be planted. Too thickened crops it makes sense to dive earlier, in order to give them all the opportunity to develop normally. In this case, this procedure is best done with tweezers so as not to damage the delicate immature plant.

Make a pick every time the seedlings grow greatly.

Seedlings can be transplanted directly into the soil of the greenhouse, or in specially prepared boxes, with small varieties planted at a distance of 15 cm from each other, the distance between large primulas - up to 30 cm. In this case, try to ensure that there is no free space between the leaves of neighboring primroses , it is unfavorable for them.

To a permanent place of growth   primroses are planted only in the second year of life in spring or autumn. As a rule, plants display their decorative properties in the third year of life.

How to save seed

In the event of adverse weather conditions during the winter, your primrose may freeze or vypryat. So that there are no empty spaces in the flower garden, you should always have a stock of fresh seeds from last year's harvest. Such seeds are stored, mixed with sand, in the refrigerator or basement.

Reproduction of primroses by dividing the bush

You can start this procedure. not earlier than after 3-5 years of growing primroses   - In the early spring, or from the second half of July. Try not to plant primrose later than the first half of September, otherwise, not yet mature plants can freeze and lose their decorative qualities or even die.

It's important to know. Primrose that blooms in the summer, plant in the spring.

In order to plant a plant, it is abundantly watered, gently dug up, gently shaking off a lump of earth from the roots and washing the roots in water. So it will be much more convenient for you to separate the bushes and at the same time injure the plant as little as possible.

Then, with a knife, divide the bush into arbitrary parts, but it should be borne in mind that at least one renewal kidney should be in the delenki. Slices must be processed, then as quickly as possible, avoiding drying out, the delenki must be planted in a new place. After the plants are planted in the ground, they should be watered and it is advisable to provide a label with the name of the variety and the date of propagation.

It will be better if you plant delenki in such a way that there is no free space between the leaves of the sockets, so the plants will be able to protect themselves from drying out. For 2 weeks, seedlings need daily watering. In case of breeding in the fall, do not forget to carry out protective mulching for the winter.

Propagation by cuttings

Reproduction of primroses by cuttings   carried out by technology similar to the division of the bush. But in this way not all types of primrose can be propagated.

Auricula   propagated by rooting of leafy cuttings. To do this, in the fall, several leaves are separated from the outlet and planted in a greenhouse, while the stalk should take root in 2-3 weeks. In the spring, plants are transplanted into the open ground in a permanent place.

Toothed primrose   easily propagated by root cuttings. The largest plants are suitable for this procedure, from which several large thick roots are separated. In order for the root to form buds, in its upper part make a longitudinal incision up to one and a half cm. After this, the cuttings should be planted in light soil 3 cm in depth. Next, we proceed as described above on leaf cuttings.

You can find out here.

Primrose in garden design in photos

The border along the garden path of primroses

Primrose on a flower bed with daffodils

Flowerbed with primrose

The primrose is the very first to bloom in your spring garden, so its name is translated from Latin as the first, early. If you decide to diversify your landscape design with primulas, first you will have to review a lot of photos, because primrose has more than 500 varieties. However, the cultivation and reproduction in the open field of most of them will bring you only pleasure.

Description of primrose: varieties and varieties

Primrose is appreciated for its bright colors of various shades, some varieties have a pleasant smell, and even primrose leaves can be eaten. Although primrose varieties are numerous, not all of them are grown in gardens.

Garden views can be divided into:

• umbrella;
• pillow-shaped;

• capitate;
• longline;
• candelabrum;
• bell-shaped.

Any owner in the garden has such a plot on which nothing can be planted. Nothing grows there. It is best to plant primroses on such sites, because among them there are so unpretentious varieties that grow absolutely anywhere wherever you plant them. And, perhaps, they will not be the brightest flowers in your flowerbed, but will invariably delight you with fresh spring greens. For this, spring primrose or ordinary primrose is well suited. The same almost undemanding, but brighter and more spectacular are fine-toothed and ear-shaped primrose.

Primrose blooms early in April and blooms until July. And some of the varieties bloom again in late summer.

Planting a plant

In order to start breeding primrose seeds, you must first decide what time of year to plant. Three periods are suitable for this.

For sowing primrose seeds, it is better to allocate protected from direct sunlight. Although primrose is an unpretentious plant, it prefers light nutrient soils. Often the seeds are sown in special beds, in which the flowers receive more comfortable growing conditions before planting them on the place of constant habitat.

Plant care

Primrose, planting and caring for which does not cause much trouble, will be grateful to you for simple loosening of the earth, timely removal of weeds and, of course, regular watering. If you want to extend the flowering time of primrose, cut off already faded flower stalks so that they do not take away nutrients from the plant. If you plan to collect seeds, then several peduncles will be quite enough.

Growing primrose is best done in shaded places, because the sun's rays reduce the flowering time of the plant. During hot periods, primrose need active watering and shading. In winter, primrose should be covered with a layer of dry leaves.

Fertilizing and dressing primrose

Despite all its unpretentiousness, primrose will react well to top dressing with rotted organics. During flowering, just before opening the buds, you can use an aqueous 1% solution of complex fertilizer, but if you use it when the buds are not yet visible, all the power will go into the leaves.

After flowering, you can add mineral fertilizer in the form of an aqueous solution. So you will help the flowers gain strength next year and create new flower buds.

Plant propagation

In addition to sowing seeds, it is possible to propagate these flowers by dividing the bush, cuttings and rooting of shoots.

Division of the bush. Primrose bushes are divided into the third year, and some varieties not earlier than the fifth year of growth. In the spring before flowering or in the fall, after it has already faded, the plant is dug up and the roots are completely cleaned from the ground.

Tip. In order not to damage the root system, you can simply rinse the roots with water.

With a sharp knife, the root must be divided into several parts so that each division has a renewal kidney, a sufficiently developed root system and a leaf rosette. Place the cuts immediately sprinkled with ash, avoiding drying out, and as soon as possible plant the plant back in open ground or a pot. Watering the dividers is necessary daily for two weeks, and if the division was done in the fall, it is better to cover the plants for the winter.

Propagation by cuttings.   For this type of primrose propagation, it is necessary to select the largest bushes and separate from them part of the already formed thick roots. On separated cuttings, longitudinal cuts are made in the upper part. This will help the kidneys grow faster. Cuttings are planted 3-4 cm in depth and look after them in the usual way.

Rooting.   This method is perfect if the roots of the plant are still weak and the rosettes are not yet sufficiently developed for division. The petiole of the leaf with the kidney must be separated at the very base of the root. In this case, the sheet plate itself is recommended to be reduced by a third. Separated stalk with part of the shoot must be planted in a specially prepared mixture of sand and earth. A pot with a petiole is placed in a bright, but protected from direct sunlight, place and maintain the ambient temperature at the level of 16-18 degrees. When shoots appear from the kidney, they must be planted in different pots and planted in the open ground immediately when weather conditions become suitable.

Diseases and Pests

Primrose has a fairly strong immunity to all kinds of diseases. However, some of them may still affect your plant.

The fungus of primrose is considered to be the fungus Ramularia cercosporella. This disease can be identified by spots on the leaves of the plant. Most often they appear at the very end of spring. The spots that appear on the leaves have an angular or rounded shape and a pale color, but later they acquire a gray or brown color with a yellow border. In case of infection with this disease, it is urgent to remove infected leaves, and treat the plants with Bordeaux liquid or specialized products from the store. For prevention, you can spray plants in spring with 1% nitrafen solution.

Too dense primrose thickets can cause pests such as slugs, nematodes and spider mites.

Tip. Regularly inspect plants for pests and diseases in order to get rid of the problem in a timely manner, preventing the infection of a large number of adjacent flowers.

Primrose: combination with other plants

As neighbors, primroses are almost perfect, because for the most part these are delicate plants that simply are not able to crush a neighbor. They will grow where there is a place, without crowding out other crops from the bed. To choose neighbors this flower is necessary from the same lovers of wet shaded places.

Primrose in landscape design

Since there are a lot of types and varieties of primrose, growing and caring for them are simple, this flower is a great favorite of landscape designers. Many people think that primrose is warmer and more attractive than the same or daffodils. For the garden, primroses are just a find, because combining different types of these plants, you can achieve continuous flowering in the garden from April to August.

The primrose looks very impressive when decorating artificial ponds against the background of purple leaves of water lilies. These flowers of various bright shades are placed along the borders and paths, giving them an unusual flavor. A frequent guest is primrose in the shaded corners of the garden, as well as on alpine hills and rockeries in the shade of conifers.

Often primrose is grown in pots and vases to decorate terraces and houses. Some varieties are grown for cutting.

Primrose is the perfect flower for any garden. Ease of cultivation, unpretentiousness in care, a huge number of species and varieties will allow anyone, even the most fastidious gardener, to choose a flower for their liking. A bright palette of all colors and shades will not allow your flower garden to look boring from mid-spring to autumn.

How to grow primrose in the garden: video

Varieties of primrose: photo