What kind of staircase to build to the second floor? This question is asked by almost every owner of a private house. The main selection criteria are safety and ease of use. The moment is also important, how organically it will fit into the interior. Therefore, the design of a staircase in a wooden house does not fade into the background when drawing up a project.

Staircase design options

Wooden staircase structures are of several types:

Marching structures are the most commonly used staircase structures. There are several subspecies of stairs:

• on kosoura;
• on bowstrings;
• on the bolts.

Stairs on kosoura

Kosoura are the sloped supporting beams on which steps and fences are attached. Attachment methods vary and depend on the number of beams. Based on the properties of the structure and shape, they are straight, broken, involute.

Structures on kosoura have the following advantages over other types of stairs:

• high level of security;
• universal appearance, thanks to which they will look good both in an ordinary log house and in an elite cottage.
• availability of a large selection of sizes, decor;
• the ability to choose the use of steps.

Stringed structures are also attractive because, on the basis of the traditional model, beautiful wooden staircases can be created according to an individual order. For example, glass railings or transparent plastic handrails can be lightweight.

Transparent railings create a feeling of lightness and airiness

Ladders on bowstrings

The basis of the structure is made up of side beams with grooves, into which steps are inserted. For the manufacture of this type of stairs, wood is often taken, although recently plastic models have begun to appear on the market.

Ladders on bowstrings are usually installed in small country houses. Among the positive aspects of such structures, the following are noted:

• the possibility of replacing individual structural elements;
• easy installation;
• safety, high strength;
• a wide range of staircase shapes: spiral, L-shaped, rounded or straight;
• the ability to implement a variety of design solutions: the arrangement of balusters in free form, the presence or absence of risers.

The disadvantages of constructing on bowstrings are high-precision calculations and experience in performing work. Errors in the design or unreliable fastenings will adversely affect the safety of the facility. Divergence of load-bearing beams, falling of steps from the grooves are fraught with serious injury.

Bolts are sturdy metal supports secured by bolts. The design is simple, reliable and durable. Since the load-bearing beam is attached to the ceiling, wall or floor with metal rods, structures can withstand very heavy loads.

The good thing about ladders on the bolts is that they can be disassembled, repaired or reconstructed at any time. For such structures, open and closed steps are suitable. They can be of any shape, size.

Beautiful staircases on the walls in a wooden house give the interior airiness and lightness due to the absence of a pronounced load-bearing element. And the free area under them can be used rationally. For example, make a small library there by installing 2-3 book shelves.

Spiral staircases

Buildings of this type are perfect for lovers of the original interior, as well as for owners of premises with a limited amount of useful square meters.

The spiral structure is formed by: support pillar, steps, fences, railings. The stairs are very diverse in shape: from round to octagonal.

The frame of the screw structure is made in most cases from metal. However, models made only of wood are often found. Strength, durability are the main advantages of spiral staircases. However, it is not recommended to install such structures in houses where there are children and elderly people with disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

Materials for making stairs

In the production of staircase structures are used:

• wood;
• concrete;
• glass;
• metal;
• a rock;
• plywood;
• combination of materials.

Metal structures are in great demand. They are considered environmentally friendly, reliable, durable, and affordable. A combination of these materials with glass, stone, and plastic is often practiced. This allows you to bring designs closer to the style of the interior.

Combination of metal frame and wooden steps

Wooden stairs in a modern style are made of such wood species as pine, oak, beech, fir, larch, birch. Such designs can be complemented by metal railings decorated with forging.

Wrought iron fencing fundamentally changes the general perception

The stone structure also looks no less impressive and is characterized by a long service life. However, it requires a high-strength base to install it, as the stone is a heavy material.

The stone is quite heavy, so a solid concrete base is required for a structure made of this material.

Steps or risers are often made of natural stone, and all other elements are made of artificial, which greatly facilitates the construction. An unnatural stone is inferior to a natural one in its characteristics, but in appearance it is not much different from it.

Stone stairs with forging look especially beautiful and rich. An interesting look is created by steps of rough stone in combination with a railing of curved branches.

Rough stone steps give the interior the atmosphere of an ancient castle

Concrete is considered the most affordable finishing material for stairs. Despite its strength and safety, it does not differ in its durability.

For high-tech, pop art, loft styles, stair structures with glass steps are suitable. They are made of high-strength tempered glass, so you can safely walk on them.

Designs with glass steps fit perfectly into the high-tech style

Popular stair styles

Nowadays, there are many options for staircase styles. Their number is constantly changing, as design elements are improved, supplemented, while forming a completely new style.

However, it is customary to single out several of the most famous approaches:

Color solutions

Staircase structures should be made in a color that is in harmony with the interior. Today there is a wide range of shades to choose from. The most popular are:

Staircase structures can be two-color. For example, a building that combines white and black colors looks beautiful and rich.

Railing options

Railings are constituent elements of staircase structures that perform the following functions:

• serve for comfortable, safe ascent and descent;
• act as a decoration.

The railings include handrails, balusters. A handrail means a bar that runs along the flight of the stairs. A baluster is an element that performs the function of supporting the handrail.

There is a wide selection of handrails on the construction market. They come in different models:

The choice of one or another version of the railings depends on the style of the interior and the taste preferences of the owner of the house.

Staircase lighting

Staircase lighting is used for safe movement on it and for decoration. By choosing one or another type of lighting, you can create a suitable atmosphere in the house.

Illumination of steps on the ladder contributes to safe movement along it in the dark.

Practical and aesthetic use of the space under the stairs

The free space formed under the stairs can be used to the advantage:

Rationally use not only the space under the stairs, but also between the steps. Special boxes are created under them for storing things: shoes, magazines, newspapers. It is not worth overloading the stairs with things too much, as this can lead to the destruction of the structure.

The staircase space between the marches is filled with soft seats and this area is used for reading your favorite book or evening gatherings with loved ones.

Stairs with original design - photo

Sometimes designers are so carried away by their ideas that they create real works of art from decorative wooden stairs, from which it is impossible to take your eyes off.

The harmonious coexistence of stairs in the style of a cottage sometimes becomes a difficult task for owners of private houses, unless, of course, they are professional architects. According to the designers, handrails and steps for moving between floors carry both a stylistic and an important structural load, helping to recreate comfort and individuality in the interior of the whole house.

Before starting the design of the staircase, you need to figure out the options for its device. As a rule, the staircase structure is the central element in the interior of the house and takes up a lot of space, therefore, the choice of its material, shape and type should be dealt with at an early stage of design.

Types and design of interior stairs at home

In order for the staircase to fit perfectly into the interior of the room, first of all, you should know about the main types of construction and layout of staircase elements:

1. Spiral staircase.

This is a spiral structure where the run-in steps are attached to a vertical support (pillar). Compact, but not very comfortable spiral staircases, do not require careful calculation and look very effective.

The most common are screw structures with a central pillar to which the steps are attached. The spiral staircase can be installed in a limited living space.

If you add an intermediate platform to the project of a two-flight helical structure, then the stylistic design of the stairs to the second floor will look more decorative.

A circular staircase that is not tied to walls does not need to have a supporting center pillar. This type of construction can rely on social fixtures and walls.

• Three-flight staircase.

If the distance between floors is large enough, it makes sense to install a staircase with two intermediate platforms and three flights. Taking up a lot of free space, this type of staircase will perfectly emphasize the grandeur of the building, perfectly coping with the arrangement of large spaces.

The S-shaped staircase equipped between the platforms allows you to organize the area of ​​the house or cottage as efficiently as possible.

A decorative staircase in the interior of the room can have a U-shape with a short average flight.

In the main hall or in the large hall, a T-shaped swing staircase is most often installed.

• Two-flight staircase.

Installation of stairs with two flights is preferably carried out when the area of ​​a country house is limited. Two-march designs differ from single-march structures by the presence of sites between marches.

To organize the most comfortable movement and save space on the second floor, you can use the L-shaped staircase with 90-degree rotation.

In the case when the height between the floors is large, then the most appropriate is the installation of a two-flight straight staircase with an insignificant intermediate platform near one of the walls of the house.

Difficulties of comfortable lifting in limited space conditions are perfectly eliminated thanks to the double-flight design with the rotation of the winder steps by 180 degrees or with the help of intermediate platforms. It is recommended to install additional supports in the corner of the building for such a staircase.

A smooth transition from a two-flight staircase to a one-flight staircase looks very impressive. Most often, the U-shaped structure is mounted in the center of the hall (living room, hallway).

• Single-flight staircase.

The classic option for a summer residence or a small private house. A straight one-flight staircase is installed for a more comfortable climb to the second floor. If you place the staircase along the guide wall with three lower and three upper steps, deployed at an angle of 90 degrees to one side, then it will not hide the area of ​​the house.

The sophisticated spiral single-flight staircase assumes run-in and ordinary steps to ensure comfortable ascent on straight sections and bends.

The staircase with a zigzag (arcuate) turn, is mounted against the inner wall, looks decorative and very unusual.

Determining the type of construction is only half the battle. The main thing is that people who will climb the stairs are safe and comfortable. That is why the structure must be correctly calculated, and all elements of the staircase should be purchased from high-quality, reliable and durable material.

Interior staircase design - design features

The staircase can be constructed as follows:

• On consoles. Fans of minimalistic or electronic interiors will surely like the design without balustrades and fences, as if floating in the air.

• On bowstrings. Bowstrings in this case act as the main bearing element on which steps and fences are fixed.

• On kosoura. Kosoura are load-bearing beams on which handrails, steps and risers are held. The construction of stairs on kosoura is mounted with one end in the upper floor, and with the second it rests on the lower floor. Ideal for classic interiors.

• On the bolts. One of the main conditions for successful installation is a strong load-bearing wall, to which the steps are attached, connected to each other with special fasteners (bolts). The absence of noticeable supporting elements makes these stairs light and airy, however, they do not compromise on reliability and strength to other types.

Design of interior staircases of houses in wood interiors

Speaking about the absolute favorite among the materials for the production of stairs, here we mean wood. It is the wooden stairs in the style of a private house that deserve special attention. Why?

First, the advantages of wooden stairs:

1. A wide color palette and unique wood texture allows designers to embody a variety of design solutions, such as load-bearing staircases and decorative trim elements for balusters, railings and steps.
2. Expensive wood species (Karelian birch, maple, ash, oak, hornbeam, beech) demonstrate high strength, as well as resistance to physical stress and decay.
3. The homogeneous and dense structure of the tree is relatively easy to install and easy to process.

Secondly, wood can give a home a warm atmosphere and positive energy.

Thirdly, in wooden houses there is no place for cold calculation and excessive pretentiousness. Traditionally, a staircase in a wooden house should be in harmony with the interior of a design project. In addition, modern manufacturers offer a wide range of color and creative solutions, so everyone can find it to their liking.

Interior staircase design: glass staircase in the interior

Glass steps are visually cold, but they look harmonious in a high-tech style interior. At one glance at the fragile glass structure, only one thing comes to mind - will the ladder withstand the weight of an adult? Undoubtedly, yes. For the manufacture of glass steps, special tempered plexiglass is used, due to which the reliability and strength of the structure stands on the same position with wooden and metal stairs.

As a rule, only one glass is not used for the construction of stairs; it is combined with wood and metal. For example, a glass railing and wooden steps or a glass staircase on a metal frame.

For safety, glass steps are covered with a special anti-slip agent, corrugation or pads.

Glass railings and staircases have the unique ability to visually enlarge the space of a room. For the arrangement of such stair railings, UV printing is used, which increases the strength of the steps or railings.

The glass staircase goes well with the stained glass windows. Compact designs are great for small spaces.

A spiral staircase made of glass looks especially attractive. Made with space ergonomics in mind, it helps the penetration of sunlight into the room and the "visual lightness" of the entire space in the house.

Interior staircase design

The following factors have a direct impact on the styling of the staircase in the house:

1. The immediate location of the owners of the house.
2. The functional purpose of the staircase (attic, basement, attic, front (horse), interfloor).
3. Layout of rooms.
4. Ceiling height.
5. The size of the house.

Designers and architects of the interiors of wooden houses have concluded that the staircase in the room carries a defining structural and style load. That is why the owners of country houses must clearly and carefully think over the dimensions of the stairs, deciding on the material for the manufacture of the march and taking into account the operating conditions.

When choosing a material for the manufacture of a staircase, it will be advisable to pay attention to its strength characteristics and quality. Marble and wrought iron stairs in the interior are quite a significant option. They are monumental, durable, and also durable. While wooden stairs are no less aesthetic and functional.

Moreover, the total cost of any of the options presented can be both low and high. It all depends on some parameters: installation, design features, volume of work, material cost.

Types of stairs in a wooden interior

• Combined (wooden steps with glass railing, on a concrete base, on a metal frame).

• Open, closed.

• On two or one stringers.

• With steps "Goose step".

• Screw.

• With a turn of 360, 180 and 90 degrees, with winders, with a platform.

• Direct marching (multi-marching, one-, two-).

Let us consider in more detail the staircase structures in the interior of a private house, as well as their stylistic features.

Staircase designs in various styles:

• Loft.

Metal handrails and wooden steps - this combination of materials is very popular in the loft style. It is very important to remember that this stylistic direction does not accept cluttering up with unnecessary spaces, small spaces. Therefore, the flight of stairs is equipped ergonomically and as comfortably as possible.

• Mediterranean.

This style inspires peace, lightness and airiness. Therefore, romance and good nature emanate from the staircase. Wooden elements of the stairs are abundantly decorated with bright tiles, textured plaster or frescoes. Hand-made elements are also welcome. The main colors in this style are the following: turquoise, olive, beige or brown.

• Country.

In a rustic style, it is impossible to do without a wooden staircase. Woods in natural colors such as birch, pine or alder are preferred over oak. Moreover, quite often in country they cover a stepped span with colorful textiles. And along the staircase, you can hang handicrafts or paintings.

• Provence.

Wooden stairs in the French style are graceful, light and natural. The main distinguishing feature of this style of flights of stairs are pastel shades with uneven colors, which give the structure a weariness in combination with a unique aging effect. Comfortable railings and wide steps can be varnished or painted in light colors.

• Ethno.

An integral attribute of an ethnic-style wooden cottage is a wooden staircase (preferably oak or ash). In this case, the design of the staircase directly depends on the chosen style of the house. Thus, the interior with Indian design is a combination of turquoise, orange and crimson shades, African motifs suggest a staircase in the form of a curved branch. And if the preference is given to the tropics, then dark woods should be chosen as materials.

• Classical.

A versatile staircase style that has been popular for centuries. As a rule, the classic models are based on marching structures with fastening systems (on stringers or bowstrings). The staircase in the interior of this style has sustained and elegant forms, with a brief content of decorative elements: pattern, curls, carving. Most often, wooden staircases are painted in dark and muted light tones and are surrounded by luxury items in a classic style.

• Deco.

Best of all, a flight of stairs with thin, graceful steps and strict lines fits into the interior. Lavishly decorated transparent lamps made of white glass also look great in a light house. In the art deco style, there is a place for the play of contrasts, ethnic geometric patterns, additional decorative elements like ivory, bronze, crystals or snakeskin. A distinctive feature of the stairs in this style is the free space between the steps.

• Neoclassical style.

Neoclassicism in the interior of a wooden house is the dominance of splendor and luxury. And the staircase in such possessions should be solemn and wide. For staircase structures in the neoclassical interior, graceful wooden elements with carvings, expressive forging and stone can be used. Key structural elements are cone-shaped balusters, stepped podiums and short roller shutters.

• Victorian style.

Wood staircases in this style are impossible without typical carved balusters and vertical supports, complemented by graceful point balls or spherical decorations. All kinds of carving, edging and stucco molding will be very useful. Sometimes railings can form groups of vertical or horizontal elements in the form of lattices.

• Modern.

If you are not indifferent to expressive and vivid forms, then you will surely like a wooden staircase in a modern style. Its graceful, curved "vegetal" lines, various wood elements and futuristic shapes are harmoniously combined with the interior in this style.

Design of the space under the stairs

The interior of the area under the stairs directly depends on the characteristics of the house, and yet any free space can be successfully used in interior design.

For example, the most expedient way to use the free space under the stairs is to arrange a place to store various items and interior elements. Also, under it you can place various shelves and built-in wardrobes, as well as build all kinds of boxes for accessories, books, souvenirs and other unnecessary things.

A high-quality wooden staircase project is only half the success in organizing a balanced interior.

• The staircase in the living room should be nicely arranged, even if it requires sacrificing free space in the room.
• If you want to make a stunning effect on others with the help of an unusually creative staircase (for example, a spiral staircase), think that you will still live with it for many years.
• The structure, located in the hallway or hallway, will provide the house with autonomy, will allow you to go down from the second floor without any problems.
• To make a staircase beautiful and safe, you need to choose a material of exceptional strength: laminated glass, stainless steel, natural wood, etc.
• A comfortable staircase should be a priori sufficiently illuminated and have free space above your head (at least two meters).
• The most durable combination is considered a combination of wood and metal. And the most effective are the combined stairs with wooden steps and elements of artistic forging.
• Experts call the optimal combination of the depth and height of the step 30 centimeters of depth by 15 centimeters of height.
• Ladder construction should not be a test for children and the elderly (lack of handrails, steep spiral staircases, steps with a gap, slippery materials). Even the most efficient and stylish staircase should be safe and comfortable.
• The upper and lower steps of the staircase should face the central entrance.
• When installing a staircase in the center, against a wall or in a corner, it is important to position it in such a way that it takes up a minimum of living space.
• A staircase is a connecting element between interior items. In order for these links to create a single composition, everything must be maintained in the same style (textiles, furniture, arches, floor, ceiling, doors, stairs).

Leave exotic stylistic solutions to the daredevils. The design of the staircase in the interior (marble, glass, wood, forged), first of all, should be stylistically correctly complemented and comfortable.

Often a private house consists of two or more floors, so the staircase is considered an important part of its arrangement. It not only fulfills its function, but also serves as a design element that complements the style of the interior. Ladders differ in execution and location.

Structural solutions

Stairways of private houses can be represented, as seen in the photo, by three main types: screw, bolt-on or marching structures.

The main components are:

• steps consisting of a horizontal tread and a vertical support - a riser;
• stringers, which are beams that support the steps from below;
• racks or bolts, which are elements for fastening steps;
• bowstrings, which are supporting beams from the ends, as well as from the bottom;
• railings protecting the structure from the sides.

The photo shows that the material for the steps of the stairs can be metal or wood, natural or artificial stone, as well as glass. Fencing elements (posts, balusters, rods or handrails) can be wooden, marble, cast iron or bronze. Much depends on the style of the staircase and the interior of the house as a whole.

Safety

The design and installation of such structures in private houses must be approached with general construction principles. In order for all the steps to be of the same size both in width and height, it is necessary to correctly remove the span dimensions, to make an accurate calculation of the marches, the platform, the angle of inclination to the floor plane. If this value is overestimated, a stair descent will be inconvenient or even dangerous, especially when moving large things. Experts recommend maintaining this angle within 45-48 degrees.

Also, when decorating a flight of stairs, to ensure its safety, builders do not recommend using tiles. When placed on steps, they increase the risk of falls when people are moving.

The safety of the entire structure is achieved by observing the following important criteria:

• the bearing capacity of the structure must be at least 300 kg per 1 square meter of the step;
• the materials used in the structure must be non-combustible (even if it is a tree, then it must be treated with a special impregnation);
• slippery surfaces or inclination of steps are unacceptable;
• it is necessary to observe the exact ratio in the parameters of the steps;
• the height of the railing should be 80-85 cm, the width of the steps - 20-30 cm;
• if there are small children in the family, the maximum gap between the balusters should be 15 cm.

For safe movement in the design of the construction site, it is worthwhile to provide additional sources of lighting.

Convenience

Probably every owner dreams of the beauty and at the same time the convenience of this design. Therefore, when arranging it, it is imperative to take into account the height of the premises, the dimensions of the ceiling niches in order to choose the optimal number of steps and correctly calculate their width with height.

The width of each step should not just accommodate a person's leg. Everyone would like to walk on them with full feet, and not just with socks. The height according to the norms should not exceed 17 cm. Its calculation depends on the angle at which the structure is located to the plane of the floor, and on the size of the room.