Hello dear readers! In this article, I decided to use previously published information and online calculations for calculation of a canopy from metal structures.
A carport can be used for a variety of purposes, but let it be a carport.
Initial data:

- city of construction - Grodno (- Republic of Belarus, Grodno region)
- size in terms of 3x6 meters
- supporting structures (post - shaped tube, beam - I-beam, purlins - channel)
- height to the bottom of the beam - 2.7 meters
- roof slope - 10%
- roofing material - professional sheet НС35х1000х0.5 (weight of 1 m2 - 5.4 kg)
- steel of class С255
So, our main task is- this is to determine the size of the section of our supporting structures. We will collect loads for each structure and calculate them separately. We will calculate from top to bottom, i.e. straight runs, then beams and racks. This is done so that when calculating the racks, we already know the weight of the overlying structures (beams and purlins).

Calculation of runs

The run will rely on strength and deflection
To calculate the runs, we will need to know the linear uniformly distributed load on it and the design scheme.
The run will be welded to the beam at the place of laying, which means that it will be a hinge joint and a design scheme, respectively, "hinge-hinge".
The girder will be affected by loads from the weight of the profiled sheet, the girder's own weight and the snow load.
The figure shows the load area of ​​the calculated run.

In order to convert the load per square meter to linear, we will need to multiply it by the width of the cargo area. = 5.4 kg / m2 * 1.003 m = 5.42 kg / m
To obtain the design load, we multiply the standard by the load safety factor (for metal structures it is equal to 1.05). = 5.42 kg / m * 1.05 = 5.69 kg / m
Then, in the same way, we find the calculated linear load from snow (safety factor for snow load 1.4):

50 kg / m2 * 1.003 m * 1.4 = 70.21 kg / m

The resulting linear load will be as follows:

5.69 kg / m + 70.21 kg / m = 75.9 kg / m

Then, choosing a particular section with a small margin (the online calculation already includes the load from the dead weight of the structure).
As a result of the strength calculation, we got channel No. 5P in accordance with GOST 8240-89.

Now let's calculate this deflection run. Looking at SP 20.13330.2016 "Loads and Impacts", we see that the maximum deflection for our 3-meter run is calculated as l / 150 = 3000/150 = 20 mm.

Substituting all the found values ​​into the deflection calculator, we see that the deflection is 18.9 mm and it is not more than our maximum allowable deflection of 20 mm.

So we conclude that a run of 5 channels suits us both in strength and in deflection.

Calculation of an I-beam

We will calculate the beam that lies on the axis 2, because the load area, and, consequently, the load will be the largest.

The beam will rest on the lining at the end of the rack. The escutcheon is welded to the upright and the beam will be welded to the escutcheon. This means that the support is again hinged and the design scheme is "hinge-hinge".

Loads that will act on the beam:
- snow load = 50 kg / m2 * 3 m * 1.4 = 210 kg / m
- load from profiled sheet = 5.4 kg / m2 * 3 m * 1.05 = 17.01 kg / m
- the load from the weight of the runs (12 meters of the runs fall into the load area, the mass of one meter is 8.59 kg) = 12 m * 8.59 kg / m * 1.05 = 108.23 kg Let's write this load as linearly distributed over 3 meters : 108.23 kg / 3 m = 36.08 kg / m.
- load from the self-weight of the beam (taken into account in the online calculation)
The final load on the beam will be:

210 kg / m + 17.01 kg / m + 36.08 kg / m = 263.09 kg / m

Next, again, according to ours, we select the cross section:

According to the calculation, we see that this beam in terms of strength passes with a good margin. Now let's calculate it for deflection (the maximum allowable deflection for a beam equal to 3m again comes out 3000/150 = 20 mm).

Based on two calculations, it can be seen that the 10B1 beam passes with a good margin. In general, the section can be reduced, but as an example, let's leave this beam.
The result is an I-beam No. 10B1 according to STO ASChM 20-93.

Calculation of a rack from a profile pipe

From all racks we will count the most unfavorable (the highest and most loaded). This will be a 2-B rack. Its height will be 2700 mm, and the cargo area will be 3 m * 1.5 m = 4.5 m2.

This cargo area will be subject to concentrated design loads from:
- profiled sheet = 5.4 kg / m2 * 4.5 m2 * 1.05 = 25.52 kg
- masses of runs = 6 m * 8.59 kg / m * 1.05 = 54.12 kg (6 meters of runs fall into the cargo area)
- the mass of the beam (it can be calculated in, taking into account the fact that 1.5 meters of the beam fall into the cargo area) = 11.92 kg * 1.05 = 12.52 kg

- snow load = 50 kg / m2 * 4.5 m2 * 1.4 = 315 kg
- load from the own weight of the rack (take 3% of the total rack load)
The final load on the rack will be as follows:

(25.52 kg + 54.12 kg + 12.52 kg + 315 kg) * 1.03 = 419.4 kg

Let's translate into kilonewtons: 419.4 kg * 10 N / kg / 1000 = 4.194 kN.
From the bottom, the post is welded to a plate, which is attached to concrete on 4 anchors, so the connection will be a hinge, and from above, as we have already found out, there is also a hinge connection to the beam. This means that the design scheme will be "hinge-hinge".
Next, on ours, we will calculate the cross-section of the rack from a profile pipe, for example, 40x1.5:

Based on the calculation, it can be seen that the 40x1.5 rack does not pass in terms of flexibility (flexibility formula = calculated length / radius of inertia), which means that it is necessary either to reduce the calculated length of the rack by adding ties in two planes, or to increase the radius of gyration by increasing the cross section. We will increase the cross section to 50x2.

As you can see in the figure, profile pipe with a cross section of 50x50 and a wall thickness of 2 mm.

Spatial rigidity

Even if our frame will not be sheathed from all sides, and, therefore, will not essential wind loads, then we still have to take care of spatial rigidity of the canopy.
To do this, in both directions, we will place ties from the profile pipe (the same as used for the racks). On the axes A and B there will be a cross connection, and along the axes 1, 2 and 3 we will put a horizontal connection, for the normal passage of the car.

To simplify understanding of many calculations, we have neglected the following things:
1. Load from the wind: in the absence of covering the canopy on the sides, the load from the wind will act only on the roof of the canopy, but with a slight slope it will be insignificant.
2. When calculating girders and beams for deflection, it was necessary to set a standard load, but it will not be worse from the calculated one.

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A canopy cannot be called a simple structure, therefore, before purchasing a certain amount of material, you will need an accurate estimate. The supporting frame structure will have to “survive” any loads. Any precipitation, strong wind will overwhelm the canopy if the calculations are incorrect.

Therefore, for a professional calculation, you will need the help of a design engineer who will calculate the effect of the snow load, calculate the trusses and provide you with the drawings of the shed. It is even more difficult to calculate the canopy when it is a separate structure, and not an extension to the house.

Since the street simplified roof consists of pillars, logs, trusses and coverings, these materials will have to be considered.

Pillars

When calculating these support elements, the height of our canopy and the number of posts for support are taken into account. For example, when planning a structure of 2-5 meters, a thick pipe from 60 to 80 mm in section is used. If the dimensions of the canopy are large, then, as an option, so that the number of pillars does not increase, a 100x100mm pipe is used

Lathing

The distance between the profiles of the battens is calculated from the load parameters and the selection of sections.

Calculating the load on the frame trusses and the supporting structure will help you make your canopy more stable, even in winter, when the load from wet snow can reach 3.5 tons.

Profile pipe truss

If you have planned an arched canopy, then you cannot do without farms. Trusses are structures that connect the joists and pillars of the support, it is they who determine the width and dimensions of the canopy.

Metal truss sheds are more difficult to build than any frame. But if you mount this structure correctly, everything will be very reliable. The correct frame distributes the load along the support posts and beams, preventing the destruction of the hinged structure.

Trusses are almost always made of profiled pipe, which is considered the most durable and best suited for installing polycarbonate on the batten. The shape of the truss structure can be different, as well as its size.

The most important calculation of trusses is material and slope accounting.

For example, for a lean-to shed with a slight slope, an asymmetric truss shape is used, if the angle of the structure is small, then trapezoidal trusses can be used. The larger the radius of the arched structure, the fewer options for snow to linger on the roof. Therefore, there will be a large bearing capacity of the truss.

For the calculation, special programs are sometimes used; in this case, you cannot do without a calculator.

When thinking about how to build a canopy, it is useful to consider ready-made manufacturing schemes from a photo; there you can also see approximate calculations for any form of canopy.

Approximate calculation for flooring up to 4 meters high

If you chose a simple canopy shape with a house with a width of 6 by 8 meters, then the calculations for you will be as follows:

1. The step between the supporting pillars (racks) from the end is 3 meters, on the lateral side is 4 meters.
2. The number of pillars from a metal pipe is 8 pieces.
3. The height of the trusses under the slings is 0.6 meters.
4. Roof lathing: 12 shaped pipes with dimensions 40x20x0.2.

Sometimes you can save money by reducing the amount of material. For example, instead of six racks, install four. You can also reduce the number of trusses or reduce the frame crate. It is just not advisable to allow a loss of rigidity, as this will lead to the destruction of the structure.

The forerunner to the construction of a stationary shed are calculations. The calculation of the canopy is necessary in order for the structure to be reliable, withstand its own weight, as well as the loads created by wind and snow. Within the framework of this publication, we will only talk about the drawing and calculations of various parts of the structure using the example of a polycarbonate car canopy. The entire package of project documentation is much larger and a separate article will be devoted to it.

What do you need to keep in mind when preparing a project?

Before making a drawing of a polycarbonate canopy, it is necessary to decide on the general design and design concept, namely, how the structure will look, what shape it will have, and what it will be intended for. Next, you need to draw a sketch of the structure, where you indicate the overall dimensions of the polycarbonate canopy (length, width and other parameters) and its main elements. At the next stage, you can prepare a drawing of a carport made of polycarbonate, but you need to remember.

For your information! When preparing a drawing of a structure, it is necessary to find and attach to it technical data on the materials used.

We calculate an arch-type farm

We have a sketch of a large carport made of metal, designed for 2 cars with an arched roof (arc) covered with sheets of cellular polycarbonate. The width of the canopy from support to support is 5.8 meters, the width of the arched truss (arc) should be 6 m. Let's calculate the cross-section of the profile that will be used in the manufacture of the arched floor.

ɒ pr = (ɒ 2 + 4t 2) 0.5 ≥R / 2, we decipher this formula:

• ɒ - standard voltage;
• R - iron strength C235, about 2440 kgf / cm 2;
• t - tangential stress.

Now, consistently selecting the indicators, we can calculate the profile of a suitable section so that it can withstand the required loads. We take a square shaped pipe 30x30x3.5 mm with a cross section of 35 mm 2 with a moment of inertia of 3.98 cm 4, a load coupling coefficient of 0.5, the estimated load on the locking part of the arch is 914.82 kgf.

All the necessary data for the calculation has been collected, the formula is there, now it remains to substitute the data into the formula and get the calculation of the load on the arched truss (arc) of a polycarbonate car canopy.

ɒ pr = ((914.82 / 3.5) 2 +4 (919.1 * 1.854 / ((0.35 + 0.35) 3.98) 2) 0.5 = 1250.96 kg / cm 2 ...

What does it mean? And this means that if we weld or twist a six-meter arch from a 30x30x3.5 mm profile, it will fully withstand its own weight and the weight of the roofing material, that is, cellular polycarbonate. There is even a decent stock.

We calculate the supporting part of the structure

Next, you need to calculate what the supports for the polycarbonate carport will be. There is a special technique by which it is customary to calculate steel columns; without it, an adequate calculation of the canopy is impossible. Let's apply the formula:

F = N / ϕR y. Let's decipher the formula:

• F is the section of a square pipe that can be used as a support;
• ϕ is the coefficient determining buckling;
• R y - the value of the resistance of the material.

In order to make calculations, you will have to find data on the strength of materials. In our case, the resistance of steel square pipes 70x70, 80x80, 100x100 mm, the values ​​found will need to be compared with the results of calculations and conclusions should be drawn. We make calculations:

F = 3000 / (0.599 * 2050)

As a result, we get a value of 2.44 cm 2, which must be rounded up. As a result, the value on which we should rely when searching for a suitable profile of 2.5 cm 2. These indicators correspond to a square steel pipe 70x70x2 mm, there is even a small margin.

Snow and Wind Roof Loads

It is possible to answer the question of how to calculate a carport for a car only if you calculate the load-bearing structures of the structure and the load on the roof from snow and wind. With the calculation of the supporting structures, we figured out in general terms. Now we need to solve the problem with the loads from wind and snow.

To obtain the data required for the calculation, you need to refer to the average wind and snow load in your area. You can find such information in the corresponding SNiP.

For example, let's take a wind load of 23kg / m2. But in our case, this value will not work because 23kg / m 2 is determined for buildings and structures that have walls. A carport has supports, arcs, lintels, a purlin and a roof, so pressure will only be exerted on them. We determine the average wind effect on the canopy, we get 0.34 with a support height of more than three meters, a value from 0.34 to 0.75 kg / m 2. We calculate the maximum wind load on the entire structure: arches, supports, run, roof.

W m = 23 * 0.75 * 0.34. As a result, we get a value equal to 5.9. Now let's calculate the load created by the snow cover. These loads differ in different regions of the country, and they differ significantly. In mountainous areas, such a load can be more than 600 kg / m2, but we will take as an example a more modest figure of 180 kg / m2 (Moscow region).

To calculate the maximum load on the canopy, you need to multiply 180 by the value of the conversion factor, which has yet to be obtained. The figure below shows the calculation of the snow load on the canopy.

The maximum snow load on the canopy was calculated. Now it remains for us to find out the inertia index for the roofing material we have chosen. Such data cannot be found in the usual commercial description of the material, but in the technical description it is. For example, cellular polycarbonate with a thickness of 12 mm has an inertia of 3.41 cm 4. Find a material with a calculated value or more and you can safely let it on the roof of a car shed. You can read more about what you can make a roof for a canopy in the article.

In conclusion, we note that the structures of carports are not so complicated, nevertheless, one cannot relate freely to the construction of such structures. First, the general structure of the canopy must be drawn on a sketch, indicating the length of the structural elements, their diameter and other simple parameters. After that, you can start calculating and making a drawing. In the process of work, you will have to calculate the parameters of the arched truss (arc) and much more. If you feel that this work is beyond your strength, contact a specialist. Good luck!

A canopy is a simple architectural structure that can be used for a wide variety of purposes. In most cases, it is made in the absence of a covered garage in the country or in order to protect the recreation area from the strong rays of the sun. To ensure the reliability and strength of such a small building, you will need to calculate the canopy. Ultimately, it will be possible to obtain data that can show which farms will be used and how they will need to be brewed.

The fixing diagram of the shaped pipes can be seen in Fig. 1.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of pipe fastening

How to calculate do-it-yourself canopy trusses?

In order to calculate a similar structure for a canopy, you will need to prepare:

• Calculator and special software;
• SNiP 2.01.07-85 and SNiP P-23-81.

When carrying out calculations, you will need to perform the following steps:

1. First of all, you need to choose a farm layout. For this, future contours are determined. The outlines must be chosen based on the basic functions of the canopy, material and other parameters;
2. After that, it will be necessary to determine the dimensions of the structure being manufactured. The height will depend on the type of roofing and the material used, weight and other parameters;
3. If the span dimensions exceed 36 m, it will be necessary to calculate the construction lift. In this case, we mean the reverse damped bending from the loads on the truss;
4. It is necessary to determine the dimensions of the panels of the structure, which must correspond to the distances between the individual elements, which ensure the transfer of loads;
5. At the next stage, the distance between the nodes is determined, which is most often equal to the width of the panel.

When making calculations, follow these tips:

1. You will need to calculate all the values ​​exactly. You should be aware that even the slightest flaw will lead to errors in the process of performing all the work on the manufacture of the structure. If you are not confident in your own abilities, then it is recommended to immediately contact professionals who have experience in carrying out such calculations;
2. To facilitate the work, you can use ready-made projects, into which you just have to substitute the existing values.

This photo shows a metal shelter.

In the process of calculating the truss, it should be remembered that in the case of its increasing height, the bearing capacity will also increase. In the winter season, snow on such a canopy will practically not accumulate. In order to increase the strength of the structure, several strong stiffeners should be installed.

For the construction of a truss, it is best to use an iron pipe, which is light in weight, high strength and stiffness. In the process of determining the dimensions for such an element, you will need to take into account the following data:

1. For structures of small sizes, the width of which is up to 4.5 m, you will need to use a metal pipe 40x20x2 mm;
2. For structures with a width of less than 5.5 m, you need to use a pipe with dimensions of 40x40x2 mm;
3. If the width of the truss is more than 5.5 m, it is best to use a pipe of 60x30x2 mm or 40x40x3 mm.

In the process of planning the pitch of the trusses, it should be borne in mind that the maximum possible distance between the canopy pipes is 1.7 m. Only in this case it will be possible to save the reliability and strength of the structure.

An example of calculating trusses for a canopy

1. As an example, we will consider a canopy with a width of 9 m with a slope of 8 °. The span of the structure is 4.7 m. Snow loads for the region are at 84 kg / m²;
2. The weight of the truss is approximately 150 kg (a small margin of strength should be taken). The vertical load is 1.1 t per rack with a height of 2.2 m;
3. At one end, the truss will rest on the wall of the brick building, and at the other end, on the column to support the canopy with the help of anchor bolts. For the manufacture of the truss, a square pipe 45x4 mm is used. It should be noted that it is quite convenient to work with such a device;
4. It is best to make trusses with parallel chords. The height of each of the elements is 40 cm. A pipe with a section of 25x3 mm is used for the braces. For the lower and upper chord, a 35x4 mm pipe is used. Visors and other elements will need to be welded together, so the wall thickness will be 4 mm.

Ultimately, you can get the following data:

• Design resistance for steel: Ry = 2.45 T / cm²;
• Reliability factor - 1;
• Farm span - 4.7 m;
• Truss height - 0.4 m;
• The number of panels for the upper belt of the structure - 7;
• The corners will need to be cooked through one.

All the necessary data for calculations can be found in special reference books. However, professionals recommend making calculations of this type using software. If a mistake is made, the manufactured trusses will be formed under the influence of the loads of snow and wind.

How to calculate a polycarbonate canopy truss?

The canopy is a complex structure, therefore, an estimate will be needed before purchasing a certain amount of material. The support frame must be able to withstand any loads.

In order to make a professional calculation of a polycarbonate structure, it is recommended to seek help from an engineer with experience in such work. If the canopy is a separate structure, and not an extension to a private house, then the calculations will become more complicated.

Street roofing consists of posts, logs, trusses and coverings. It is these elements that will need to be calculated.

If you plan to make an arched-type polycarbonate canopy, you will not be able to do without the use of trusses. Trusses are fixtures that connect joists and support posts. The size of the canopy will depend on such elements.

Polycarbonate canopies, which are based on metal trusses, are quite difficult to manufacture. The correct frame will be able to distribute the load over the support posts and logs, while the structure of the canopy will not collapse.

For the installation of polycarbonate, it is best to use profile pipes. The main calculation of the truss is material and slope accounting. For example, an irregular truss shape is used for a lean-to shed structure with a small slope. If the structure has a small angle, then trapezoid-shaped metal trusses can be used. The larger the radius of the arch structure, the less there is a possibility of trapping snow on the roof. In this case, the load-bearing capacity of the truss will be large (Fig. 2).

Figure 2 shows the future canopy covered with polycarbonate

If a simple farm with a 6x8 m house is used, then the calculations will be as follows:

• The step between the posts for the support is 3 m;
• Number of metal posts - 8 pcs;
• The height of the trusses under the slings is 0.6 m;
• For the device of the roof sheathing, you will need 12 profile pipes with dimensions of 40x20x0.2 cm.

In some cases, savings can be made by reducing the amount of material. For example, instead of 8 racks, you can install 6. You can also cut the frame crate. However, it is not recommended to allow a loss of stiffness, as this can lead to the destruction of the structure.

Detailed calculation of the truss and the arch for the canopy

In this case, the calculation of the canopy will be carried out, the trusses of which are installed in increments of 1 m. The load on such elements from the crate is transmitted exclusively to the nodes of the truss. The roofing material is corrugated board. The height of the truss and the arc can be any. If it is a canopy that is adjacent to the main building, then the main constraint is the shape of the roof. In most cases, it will not work to make the height of the truss more than 1 m. Taking into account the fact that it will be necessary to make the girder between the columns, the maximum height will be 0.8 m.

The canopy scheme for farms can be seen in Fig. 3. The beams of the sheathing are indicated in blue, the truss, which will need to be calculated, in blue. Beams or trusses on which the columns will be supported are indicated in purple.

In this case, 6 triangular trusses will be used. The load on the extreme elements will be several times less than on the others. In this case, the metal trusses will be cantilever, that is, their supports are not located at the ends of the trusses, but in the nodes shown in Fig. 3. This scheme allows you to evenly distribute the loads.

Figure 3 shows the scheme of the shelter by truss

The design load is Q = 190 kg, while the snow load is 180 kg / m². Thanks to the sections, it is possible to calculate the forces in all the bars of the structure, while taking into account the fact that the truss and the load on this element are symmetrical. Therefore, not all trusses and arcs will need to be calculated, but only some of them. In order to freely navigate in a large number of rods during the calculation process, the rods and nodes are marked.

Formulas that you need to use when calculating

You will need to determine the efforts in several truss members. For this, the static equilibrium equation should be used. There are hinges at the nodes of the elements, therefore the value of the bending moments at the nodes of the truss is 0. The sum of all forces with respect to the x and y axis is also 0.

You will need to draw up the equation of moments in relation to point 3 (d):

М3 = -Ql / 2 + N2-a * h = 0, where l is the distance from point 3 to the point of application of the force Q / 2, which is 1.5 m, and h is the shoulder of the force N2-a.

The truss has a design height of 0.8 m and a length of 10 m. In this case, the tangent of the angle a will be tga = 0.8 / 5 = 0.16. Angle value a = arctga = 9.09 °. Ultimately h = lsina. From this follows the equation:

N2-a = Ql / (2lsina) = 190 / (2 * 0.158) = 601.32 kg.

In the same way, you can determine the value of N1-a. To do this, you need to draw up an equation of moments in relation to point 2:

M2 = -Ql / 2 + N1-a * h = 0;

N1-a = Q / (2tga) = 190 / (2 * 0.16) = 593.77 kg.

You can check the correctness of the calculations by drawing up the equation of forces:

EQy = Q / 2 - N2-asina = 0; Q / 2 = 95 = 601.32 * 0.158 = 95 kg;

EQx = N2-acosa - N1-a = 0; N1-a = 593.77 = 601.32 * 0.987 = 593.77 kg.

The conditions of statistical equilibrium are fulfilled. Any of the force equations that were used during the verification process can be used to determine the forces in the members. Further calculation of the trusses is done in the same way, the equations will not change.

It is worth knowing that the design scheme can be drawn up so that all longitudinal forces are directed from the cross sections. In this case, the "-" sign in front of the force index, which was obtained in the calculations, will show that such a rod will work in compression.

In order to determine the force in the rod h-i, you will first need to determine the value of the angle y: h = 3siny = 2.544 m.

A do-it-yourself canopy farm is easy to calculate. You just need to know the basic formulas and be able to use them.

Before proceeding with the construction of the shed, it is necessary to determine its functionality, this will help to set the dimensions of the building. Next, you need to make a drawing, which will reflect the main nodes and dimensions of the structure. On this basis, the loads are calculated, the shape, material, dimensions of the supporting structural elements - supports, rafter systems, roofs, are determined, the method of fastening is determined.

The strength, safety, and reliability of the structure depend on the correct calculation. In the article, we will tell you in stages how to build a canopy with your own hands, photos, drawings, formulas will help to clearly explain the important design points.

How to make a canopy from corrugated board with your own hands, drawings with the dimensions of the main elements of the building

What is required for drawings and calculation of the canopy

A canopy is a simple architectural structure consisting of two main structural elements: supports (frame) and a roof. For drawings and calculations, the following data will be required:

• support form of the canopy;
• functional, based on this, the size of the building is determined;
• materials;
• tables of wind and snow loads in the region;
• type of rafter system.

In order not to get confused in formulas and engineering calculations, it is recommended to use a special program or an online calculator for the calculation.

Carport to the house, projects-photos of typical metal structures

Drawings depending on the location of the canopy

For drawing up drawings and further calculation, first of all, it is necessary to determine the place of construction, the form of support depends on this:

• Free-standing - on an independent foundation with supporting vertical pillars along the entire perimeter.
• Beam-supporting - extensions to the building: one side of the canopy stands on pillars, the other rests on a horizontal beam fixed to the wall to evenly distribute the loads along the supporting structure.
• Cantilever-supporting - extensions to the building, but here the support falls on the brackets or mortgages arranged in the load-bearing wall.
• Console - small canopies above the entrance to the house, supported by mensols or mortgages.

Drawing of a canopy from a profile pipe, parking for a car on independent supports

Dimensions and functionality

The functionality of the building is very important for drawing up drawings and competently calculating the canopy. Consider typical projects of different types of structures.

Visors above the front door

The calculation of cantilever canopies is carried out based on the dimensions of the porch. According to the standards, the upper platform should be one and a half times larger than the door width, the average door width is 900 mm, we calculate: 900 * 1.5 = 1350 mm - the optimal roof depth above the entrance. The width of the canopy depends on the width of the steps + 300 mm from each side.

Drawing of the visor above the front door

Cantilever canopies are usually arranged over the area of ​​the entire porch and cover the steps. The depth of the roof is calculated based on the number of steps, the average depth of which according to SNiP is 250-320 mm, plus the upper platform. Calculation of the width of the canopy over the porch is regulated by the standard width of steps - 800-1200 mm + 300 mm on each side.

We calculate the sizes:

• The standard cantilever canopy is 900-1350 mm by 1400-1800 mm.
• A canopy over the porch, an example of calculation for 3 steps and a platform: depth (900/1350 + 3 * 250/320) = 1650 - 2410 mm, width 800/1200 + 300 + 300 = 1400-1500 mm.

Drawing of a girder structure with an asymmetric roof

Verandas and terraces - drawing and calculation

Verandas and terraces are located along one of the walls of the house, therefore, beam-supporting and cantilever-supporting structures are relevant here. The minimum depth is 1200 mm, the optimum is 2000 mm, just at the installation distance of the support post.

Drawing of an add-on canopy with a support beam

Calculation of the roof at a perpendicular of 2000 + 300 mm, but a flat roof is advisable only for areas with a minimum amount of precipitation, in other regions it is recommended to make a slope of 12-30 o. To calculate the depth of the roof of the canopy, you need the Pythagorean theorem: c 2 = a 2 + b 2.

Calculation example:

If the slope angle = 30 о, the leg adjacent to it (the depth of the roof of the canopy along the perpendicular) is 2300 mm, the second angle is 60 о. Take 2 legs for X, it lies opposite an angle of 30 o, and according to the theorem it is equal to half of the hypotenuse, hence the hypotenuse is equal to 2 * X, we substitute the data into the formula:

(2 * X) 2 = 2300 2 + X 2

4 * X 2 = 5290000 + X 2

4 * X 2 - X 2 = 5290000

X 2 (4-1) = 5290000

3 * X 2 = 5290000

X 2 = 5290000: 3

X 2 = 1763333, (3)

X = √1763333, (3) = 1327 mm - leg, which will be adjacent to the wall of the house.

Calculation of the hypotenuse (length of the roof with a slope):

С 2 = 1327 2 + 2300 2 = 1763333 + 5290000 = 7053333

C = √7053333 = 2656 mm, we check: the leg, which lies against the angle 30 o is equal to half the hypotenuse = 1327 * 2 = 2654, therefore, the calculation is correct.

From here we calculate the total height of the canopy: 2000-2400 mm is the minimum ergonomic height, we calculate taking into account the slope: 2000/2400 + 1327 = 3327/3737 mm - the height of the canopy wall near the house.

How to build a stand-alone shed from a metal profile with your own hands, drawings of a frame and a farm

Attention: It is necessary to take into account in the drawing: the smaller the slope of the canopy, the lower its overall height. The parameter is especially relevant if windows and doorways are provided in the wall of the house.

Car parks - standard calculation and drawing

Car parks are arranged as free-standing buildings or girder (console) -support type. If you plan to make a carport for a car with your own hands, the drawings are made taking into account the class of the car. The dimensions of the parking lot in width are calculated: car size + 1.0 m from each side, for 2 cars + 0.8 m between them is taken into account.

Drawing of a small structure for a parking lot or utility unit

An example of calculating a canopy for a middle class car, width - 1600 -1750 mm, length - 4200-4500 mm:

1600/1750 + 1000 + 1000 = 3600/3750 mm - canopy width;

4200/4500 + 300 +300 = 4800/5100 mm - ergonomic length so that precipitation does not flood the site.

Calculation of the width of the canopy for two cars:

3600/3750 + 800 = 4400/4550 mm.

Often, a do-it-yourself arched polycarbonate canopy is built for a car, drawings of a convenient design on a pile foundation are presented below.

An example of how to build a carport with your own hands, a drawing of an arched metal structure with a polycarbonate roof

Gazebos

Rest sheds are usually arranged in the depths of the site; these are free-standing structures on a pile, columnar, strip, slab foundation. The choice of the base depends on the dimensions of the structure and the nature of the soil, this must be reflected in the drawings.

The average size of the gazebo is 3 * 4, 4 * 4, 4 * 6 m.To independently calculate the structure and make a drawing, you should take into account the parameters:

• For a comfortable stay of 1 person, you need 1.6-2 m2 of floor space.
• If there is a brazier under the canopy, then it is recommended to leave a free area 1000-1500 mm wide between the stove and the recreation area.
• Comfortable seat width 400-450 mm.
• Ergonomic table size 800/1200 by 1200/2400 mm, individual calculation is made taking into account 600-800 mm for 1 person.

Drawing of a freestanding canopy-gazebo made of wood

Basic rules for drawing canopies

Carrying out the drawing of the canopy, it should be taken into account that the minimum structure height (from the ground to the lower edge of the roof slope) is 2000-2400 mm, the maximum depends on the type of roofing system.

Roof - what to consider in the drawings

Above, we discussed in detail how to calculate a gable roof for a canopy, a gable roof is calculated according to the same principle. The angle of inclination depends on the choice of roofing material and the climate in the region:

• 45-60 o - snowy areas;
• 9-20 o - windy areas;
• 15-30 o - universal slope of slopes, almost all types of roofing materials are suitable: corrugated board, roofing material, soft tiles, slate, polycarbonate, galvanized iron, metal tiles, ondulin, etc.

One- and two-pitched roofs are optimal for all types of awnings made of wood, brick, concrete, stone, forged items. For welded metal structures, more and more, they arrange an arched roof. In order to correctly calculate a canopy from a metal profile with your own hands, the drawings must reflect, in addition to the size of the building, the radius of the roof arc.

In fairness, let's say that welded and prefabricated metal structures are crowned not only by an arched roof, but also by other types of trusses. The calculation of the truss for the shed, the calculation of the structure of the shed depend on the overall dimensions of the building. It is very difficult to calculate the rafter system on your own, so it is better to use an online calculator, contact a specialist, or take a ready-made project of a standard farm as a basis, as in the photo below.

An example of how to weld a shed truss, drawings of typical structures

Materials (edit)

Here are the standard materials that are suitable for all typical drawings. For wooden awnings:

• Supports, strapping around the perimeter - profiled or glued timber, 100 * 100, 150-150 mm, rounded log with a diameter of 200 mm. The distance between the posts is 1.5-2.0 m.
• Rafters - edged board 150 * 40 mm.
• Lathing - rail 15-20 * 40, unedged board, moisture-resistant plywood, OSB.

Drawing of a wooden canopy with the estimated dimensions of the main structural units

Metal awnings:

• Vertical racks - round pipe with a diameter of 100-150 mm, profiled pipe 50 * 50, 80 * 80 - for small structures up to 6 m, 100 * 100, 150 * 150 * - for large buildings.
• A farm for a canopy, a frame (upper and lower belt) - a professional pipe 40 * 40, 40 * 60, 30 * 60 mm - depending on the size of the structure, wall thickness 2-3 mm.
• Truss slopes and stiffeners - metal profile 50 * 25, 40 * 20, 25 * 25 mm, thickness - 2 mm.
• Lathing - professional pipe 20 * 25, 20 * 40 mm.

Drawing of a standard visor

Instructions on how to design a polycarbonate canopy with your own hands - drawings, photos, calculations of a private parking lot

Usually, a frame for a canopy is made under a polycarbonate roof from a profile pipe with an edge of 100 * 100 mm. For an accurate calculation, snow and wind loads should be taken into account. To calculate the trusses for a canopy with your own hands, you will need the following data:

• span size;
• a drawing with the overall dimensions of the farm;
• design resistance of the metal, Ry = 2.45 T / cm 2;
• type of fastening of assemblies (bolted, welded);
• 01.07-85 SNiP load and impact;
• P-23-81 SNiP steel structures.

Calculation of a truss from a profile pipe for a canopy:

Arched canopy truss made of polycarbonate, the radius is easier to calculate graphically

The span between the support pillars is 6000 mm, the distance between the extreme nodes is 6500 mm, between the lower and upper chords is 550 mm high, the boom f = 1.62 m, the radius is 4100. Hence the length of the profile pipe of the lower chord:

MH = π * R: 180, where

MH is the size of the chord pipe at the bottom,

R is the radius of the arc,

MH = 3.14 * 4.1 * 93.7147: 180 = 6.73 m.

Upper chord pipe length:

MH = 3.141 * 4.1 * 105.9776180 = 7.61 m.

The length of the rods on the lower chord with 12 spans:

L = 6.73: 12 (number of spans) = 0.56 m.

According to calculations, this is how the project of a canopy from metal structures will look like

For a polycarbonate canopy roof, you will need to calculate the distance between the battens. Calculations will require SNiP, the law of theoretical mechanics and strength materials, therefore we offer a ready-made table with the calculations of specialists.

Size table of the canopy lathing made of metal profiles for different regions