As many years of experience show, when choosing sports (or systems of physical exercise), most people do not have a clear, conscious and justified motivation. Most often, the choice is determined by chance. Much less often, the choice is based on a sustained interest in a particular sport or on an understanding of the need to perform certain physical exercises in order to correct deficiencies in their physical development or functional fitness. And random selection, as a rule, leads to a loss of interest and a decrease in activity, which means that the classes will not be effective.

From distant antiquity, the call of the ancient Greek thinker Socrates "Know thyself!" Has come down to us. Therefore, an objective assessment of one's physical development, physique, physical fitness, as well as a preliminary acquaintance with the "possibilities" of various sports are necessary for a conscious and justified choice of a kind of sport and exercises for one's physical improvement.

With all the diversity, in practice, there are basically five motivational options for choosing a sport and a system of physical exercises: sports, correction, endurance, agility

• - health promotion, correction of deficiencies in physical development and physique;
• - increasing the functional capabilities of the body;
• - leisure;
• - achievement of the highest sports results.

Health is the leading factor that determines the full fulfillment of all vital functions, the harmonious development of a young person, the success of mastering a profession and the fruitfulness of future work. Exercise, physical education and sports are widely used to promote health. The human body is programmed by nature to move, and physical activity should be throughout life.

Special studies have established that the body of physically active 50-60-year-old men has higher functional capabilities than 30-year-old men, but with a limited motor regime. It is no coincidence that all centenarians are distinguished by increased physical activity throughout their lives. In modern society, there is no other way to increase physical activity other than physical culture and sports. Therefore, all types of mass sports that are associated with active physical activity are designed to promote the normal functioning of the main body systems, improve this activity and create prerequisites for maintaining and strengthening health.

Physical development is closely related to health. Practicing certain kinds of sports, systems of physical exercises can contribute to the development of certain organs and systems of the body. With the help of specially selected physical exercises, many indicators of physical development (body weight, chest circumference, lung capacity) can be improved.

It is possible to explain the shortcomings of physical development and physique by heredity, the conditions of upbringing, but this does not make it easier for a young person. Such shortcomings constantly spoil the mood, and often give rise to an inferiority complex. Of course, not all deficiencies can be corrected with the help of physical exercises: the most difficult of all is growth and those features of the physique that are associated with the shape of the main skeletal bones. Much lighter - body weight and individual anthropometric indicators (circumference of the thigh, chest, etc.).

But before deciding on the correction of physique, on the selection of special exercises or sports, you should form your firm idea of ​​the ideal physique. Only then should a decision be made about the choice of a sport or a system of physical exercises - different sports and exercises will contribute to the solution of your task in different ways.

It is no coincidence that representatives of various sports are distinguished by characteristic anthropometric indicators: gymnasts have good development of the shoulder girdle and muscles of the upper extremities, the muscles of the lower extremities are relatively less developed; skaters have relatively well-developed chest, thigh muscles, etc., however, the greatest opportunities, for example, in selective correction of individual body defects, are represented by regular athletic gymnastics or shaping, i.e. those exercises that are primarily aimed at solving such problems.

In sports pedagogy, there are various approaches to grouping sports according to their effect on the human body, on

development and formation of psychophysical qualities. Such grouping,

Of course, it is very conditional, since not a single sport, not a single system of physical exercises affects a person in one way, does not develop any one physical quality in a "pure" form. However, such groupings make it possible to combine various kinds of sports, systems of physical exercises according to their leading characteristics and to give them a single detailed characteristic, which is necessary for an individual choice of a kind of sport or a system of physical exercises.

The problem of emphasized education and improvement of basic physical qualities - endurance, strength, speed, flexibility, dexterity - is less complicated at the initial stages of systematic physical exercise, since during this period, beginners, as a rule, simultaneously improve all these qualities. It is no coincidence that at this stage of preparation, the greatest effect is given by a complex training method, i.e. general physical training. However, as the level of training in any particular physical quality increases, with a gradual increase in sports qualifications from a beginner to an athlete-discharger, the value of the mutual positive effect ("transfer") gradually decreases. With a high level of preparedness, the development of one physical quality begins to inhibit the development of another.

MOSCOW, November 30 - RIA Novosti. Swimming, cycling, aerobics and tennis were found to be the healthiest sports in Australia, according to an article in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

“Our observations have shown that it is important not only how often and how much you exercise, but also the sport itself. It seems that practicing different sports can affect human health in different ways. colleagues should help sports institutions to formulate new types of exercise that will maximize the health benefits of people, ”said Emmanuel Stamatakis of the University of Sydney, Australia.

Stamatakis and her colleagues came to this conclusion after studying data that social services in Great Britain and Australia collected from 1994 to 2006, observing the health of about 80 thousand elderly British people who played sports.

Scientists advise exercising, not dieting for weight lossSports and an active lifestyle affect the rate of weight loss and the effectiveness of diets more than the composition of diets itself, the characteristics of a person's metabolism and the structure of his intestinal microflora.

The purpose of these observations was to test whether intense physical activity affects life expectancy and predisposition to various diseases, including heart attacks, strokes and other problems with the cardiovascular system.

For example, football, running, weightlifting and many other sports did not affect life expectancy or the likelihood of death due to health problems. Other disciplines had more positive effects on human health and prolonged life.

For example, badminton, tennis and the so-called squash (playing tennis with a wall) turned out to be the most beneficial sports for older Britons - they reduced the likelihood of premature death from any possible cause by about 47%, and by 56% - from problems with heart and blood vessels.

Scientists: it's never too late to exercise for a healthy old ageRegular exercise in adulthood seven times increases the chances of good physical and mental health in old age, according to British scientists, whose work is published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Similarly, swimming and aerobics reduced the chances of death by 27-28% overall, and 36-41% from cardiovascular disease. In addition, cycling reduced the likelihood of death by 15% without affecting the health of the heart and blood vessels.

Scientists believe that such differences indicate that certain sports disciplines affect human health in different ways, strengthening the health of certain organs or parts of the body. This, in turn, indicates the need to develop combined sports that would help to strengthen the health of the body as a whole.

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The health benefits of exercise have long been known: it reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders, and prolongs life.

Past scientific work, statistics and the experience of doctors confidently indicate that high and medium intensity active exercises have the best effect on the body.

But which of the hundreds of exercises are most effective?

New research makes it clear what the best way to do for health and longevity - tennis!

These results are based on the analysis of a huge amount of data - 11 annual surveys conducted in England and Scotland from 1994 to 2008 with the participation of 80.3 thousand people.

Each participant reported their physical activity over the past 4 weeks, indicating the type and intensity of work and / or exercise. The average age of the respondents was 52 years old.

The analysis included chores (eg gardening) and the most popular sports: swimming, cycling, gymnastics / aerobics / dancing, running / jumping, football / rugby, badminton / tennis / squash. They were grouped by load level.

Overall, only 44% of the respondents were following the physicians' recommended physical activity norm.

The observation continued for an average of 9 years after the first survey. During this time, out of 80.3 thousand participants, almost 8.8 thousand died. Among them - 1.9 thousand victims of stroke and heart attack.

What other exercises can prolong life?

Taking into account all possible contributing factors, scientists have compiled a list of the most beneficial types of physical activity.

Compared to a sedentary lifestyle, participants' risk of death from cardiovascular events was reduced as follows:

47% for racket fans
- by 28% for swimming enthusiasts
- by 27% when doing aerobics
- by 15% for cyclists

Equally controversial was the fact that running, rugby and football were outsiders in the ranking. Relentless statistics show that these sports have almost no effect on the risk of heart attack and stroke.

When the runners were compared to their inactive peers, everything looked rosy: the risk was 43%!

But as soon as other factors were included in the analysis (for example, the initial state of health), the preventive effect of this sport instantly disappeared.

Simply put, runners live longer than lazy ones if they were initially healthier.

As for rugby and football, experts have come up with an interesting hypothesis. These are seasonal sports that not all fans play in winter. Long seasonal breaks in training may have influenced the study's bottom line.

How does intensity affect the benefits of exercise?

When the authors decided to study the effects of exercise intensity, the answer was obvious.

The higher the intensity of the exercise, the better for the heart. To a certain point. When training intensity reaches this peak, further increase is detrimental to health and longevity.

Thus, exercise intensity is an inverted U-curve. Little is bad.

A lot is also bad.

The truth is somewhere in between.

Although the results are very interesting, the authors themselves urge to approach them with caution.

These figures are based on an analysis of a small number of deaths, so an error cannot be ruled out.

Details of the intriguing study are published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Today we will discuss what is the most useful sport for the harmonious and full-fledged physical development of the muscles and intelligence of a person, two very important points for any sport, and even more so for the best sport. In fact, this is the main purpose of sports, and why, after all, 90% of people do it. Therefore, we will find out, by doing what kind of sport, you can get the most harmonious physical activity on the muscles and ligaments, for the maximum development of your strength, speed, flexibility and endurance.

And for lovers of "large sizes" we will not forget about the large volume of muscles. But you just need to take into account that naturally it is not very bad if muscles and strength go to the detriment of the main organ of a modern person, namely his brain. And to avoid this, we will immediately discuss which sports help develop intelligence, and which, on the contrary, lead to its gradual degradation.

Harmonious muscle development in sports

The harmonious development of all muscles for a person is extremely important, since, for example, shaking only their arms, many athletes often forget about their legs or vice versa. The result is a disproportionate person who in his life can only do a strictly defined function.

As an example, strongly pumped-up people like the guy that is depicted in our main photo, whom I photographed on the beach in Rio, look with what interest the whole beach is looking at him, and the girls run up to take a picture with him. But there is even more "pumped", who often cannot even tie their own laces on their shoes, scratch their backs, etc.... As a result, it turns out not the most useful kind of sport and "healthy athlete" but some kind of humanoid and hostage of his own body.

A real healthy person must have both flexibility and endurance. What is the use of "blunt force" if you are strong, but you cannot run even 25 meters, pull up 2 times and touch your own socks with your hands.

Naturally, for the harmonious development of muscles in sports, one must also take into account that when developing speed, we usually lose strength and endurance, and vice versa, it is also true, which is also not very good. An ideal body for a person is a harmoniously developed body without large distortions.

The healthiest sport

We already had separate articles about and about the most, you can read them, and now we are talking about the most harmonious and useful sport in the field of muscle growth and physical activity.

1) Football gives good development of the whole body just overlooking arm development a little, and stretching 8 points.

2) OFP if this is only running, it will not give the development of the whole body, but only the legs of the runners, and this is 6 points, but taking into account swimming and fitness, let it be 9.

3) Karategives excellent tone of the whole matter and extraordinary strength of muscles and tendons, as well as strength and speed, although with this large muscles you will not get 9 points.

4) MMA pumps most of the muscles you need during hard workouts, usually not taking into account only the stretch of 9 points.

5) Chess they immediately receive a minimum of 4 points for obvious reasons. You just have to extra you must also visit the gym for chess.

6) Acrobatics incredibly pumps the whole body for speed, strength and endurance, and if you add more gymnastics plastic, you can even give 10 points. The only negative is of course the increased injury rate.

7) Bodybuilders, security officials and street "Jocks" often do not develop speed and stretching... Then even pumping ideal muscles, for disharmony 8 points. Although there are many pleasant exceptions, and separately, "work out" as the most useful sport for harmonious muscle growth can easily get more points.

Useful sports

8) Here dancing give enough movement and muscle development, therefore, dancing is easy to rank among useful sports for harmonious development. Naturally, in dancing, endurance is pumped most of all, but speed and strength are not always enough. Although if this is a break dance, then we will give 8 points for the usefulness of dancing easily.

9) Yoga too develops plasticity and stretching, but completely forgot about speed and dynamics, receiving a maximum of 9 for this disharmony, and even then, for an incredibly healthy body and spine of yogis. Although, if you do not know, there are types of yoga in which muscles are pumped, but these are already more modern approaches.

10) Capoeira tries to pump, develop and develop harmoniously all muscle groups. Most good capoeiristas can easily do splits, bridge, walk on their hands and jump difficult somersaults.... At the same time, strength is often trained by practicing static strength balance. And some do all this until 50-60 years old, it would seem a solid ten.

But for fairness, let's give 9 points, since capoeira is not a professional competitive sport and people are not always required to give their best in training... And there are also many types of capoeira, and not all of them provide an ideal physical activity.

Sports and intelligence

But let's talk about sports and intelligence, since muscles are muscles, and they are important, and strength is also important, but no money and sports achievements will definitely help you if your head is empty at the same time... Therefore, let's see which of the dozens of sports we have chosen earlier develops intelligence to a greater extent, or at least prevents it from degrading.

1) Football is not entirely for the development of intelligence, but since it is a team sport, it requires constant attention and analysis of the behavior of other members of your team and the opposing team. Not to mention the miscalculation of the optimal strategy for winning the whole team for this 7 points.

2) GPP, running and swimming require the smallest costs and development of intelligence... You can only think about something during a long marathon, or jogging around the house, and you certainly won't get smarter by running 100 meters. Although there are a lot of smart people there, they know when it is better to overtake the enemy, and when to save strength, but still a maximum of 6 balls.

3) Karate is a pretty intellectual sport., you need to analyze the behavior and manner of fighting the enemy. Not to mention memorizing a lot of punches and the moment when it is appropriate to use them. And also karate is often about a spiritual sport, implying work on yourself, your mind and consciousness, so that 8 balls.

4) MMA is very difficult to call mixed or sports martial arts developing intelligence... But all the same, when you start to want to live and win, you have to analyze opponents and the possible strategy of your behavior, for this 6 points.

The smartest sport

5) Chess, of course, 10 points. it really rightfully the smartest and even the wisest sport, because in addition to incredible training of intelligence when choosing the right move, you also train the wisdom of anticipating the behavior of your opponent 5-10 or even 20 steps forward.

What is worthy of the best strategists in the world. Plus a possible side effect in a dozen other years in the form of photographic memory, when you can memorize a sheet of printed text in a few seconds, which makes chess the most useful sport for developing intellectual abilities.

6)Acrobatics is far from the smartest sport and does not require large intellectual expenditures, except for memorizing many dozens of complex elements and methods of their implementation, for which 7 points.

7) Bodybuilding, on the other hand, is very often associated with increased intellectual activity. as it requires reading an incredible mountain of literature with different ways to pump up. A plus many jocks know chemistry and medicine at a very advanced level, understanding the effect on their body of dozens of drugs and all the muscles on the human body by name and functionality.

And frankly, there are many philosophers and politicians in this sport. Therefore, if you really swing wisely and according to well-thought-out sports systems, then you can safely get 8 points.

8) There is no need to be too smart in dancing, they hardly develop the mind significantly, although there are also few stupid dancers, let it be 6 balls.

9) Yoga also works in the plane of spirituality rather than intellect., but at the same time there are types of purely intellectual yoga, and in the classroom a very large list of problems is often discussed, from healthy nutrition to the place and role of a person in this world.

Yes, and among the yogis and religious figures there are the smartest people on the planet, and the Vedas contain many references to such knowledge, which modern science has just begun to approach 9 balls.

10) Capoeira is not the most intelligent sport, but at the same time it is also often required to keep in mind the traditions of different groups, dozens, if not hundreds of songs in Portuguese, to anticipate the opponent's movements and attempts to deceive in time for the game. And slow traditional capoeira (Angola) is generally like a unique physical chess and most likely the most intelligent combat combat, 8 points.

Sport develops intelligence

I will tell you more in the average sport really develops intelligence or at least contributes to it, because usually people who do not play sports at all or at least do creative work such as poetry, drawing, music or singing, on average, are less intellectually developed, and are almost not ready to improvise and create something new.

That's why I advise you to pay attention to sports, even if your main goal is to become smarter, after all a wise body more harmoniously accommodates a wise mind... Moreover, now the majority of athletes are becoming the political and business elite, and some already have more than one higher education. And in ancient times, sportsmen-sages were generally the elite of the whole society, and a significant part of famous philosophers in ancient Greece received medals at the Olympic Games.

Highlights of the article: Today we discussed the ten best sports we have previously selected in their respective categories. Namely, we evaluated candidates for the most useful sport according to two most important criteria

2) Sports giving the maximum development of intelligence

We got the following results: Football 8, 7; OFP 9, 6; Karate 9, 8; MMA 9, 8; Chess 4, 10; Acrobatics 10, 7; Bodybuilding 8, 8; Dances 8, 6; Yoga 9, 9; Capoeira 9, 8.

I hope reading this story will help you understand that it is more important for you to develop the intelligence or physical characteristics of your body, and you can determine the healthiest sport for yourself. But for later life, read the next part of this story. Also read about, and, and I have, if you are interested in this topic, I strongly advise you to read it.

Motivational options and rationale

individual choice of students

As many years of experience show, when choosing sports (or systems of physical exercises), most of the students do not have a clear, conscious and justified motivation.

Most often, the choice is determined by chance: then together with a friend or girlfriend; then the teacher is prettier; then the schedule is more convenient ... Much less often, the choice is based on a sustained interest in a particular sport or on an understanding of the need to perform certain physical exercises in order to correct deficiencies in their physical development or functional fitness. And random selection, as a rule, leads to a loss of interest and a decrease in activity, which means that the classes will not be effective.

From distant antiquity, the call of the ancient Greek clerk Socrates "Know thyself!" Has come down to us. Therefore, an objective assessment of one's physical development, physique, physical fitness, as well as a preliminary acquaintance with the "possibilities" of various sports are necessary for a conscious and justified choice of a kind of sport and exercises for one's physical improvement.

With all the diversity, in practice, there are basically five motivational options for students' choice of a sport and a system of physical exercises:

* health promotion, correction of deficiencies in physical development and physique;

* increasing the functionality of the organism;

* psychophysical preparation for future professional activities and mastering vital skills and abilities;

* leisure;

* achievement of the highest sports results.

Health is the leading factor that determines the full fulfillment of all vital functions, the harmonious development of a young person, the success of mastering a profession and the fruitfulness of future work. Physical exercise, physical education and sports are widely used to promote health.

The human body is programmed by nature to move, and physical activity should be throughout life. Special studies have established that the body of physically active 50-60-year-old men has higher functional capabilities than 30-year-old men, but with a limited motor regime. It is no coincidence that all centenarians are distinguished by increased physical activity throughout their lives.

In modern society, especially among the townspeople, there is no other way to increase physical activity, except for physical culture and sports. Therefore, mass sports, all its types, which are associated with active physical activity, are designed to contribute to the normal functioning of the main systems of the body, improve this activity and create the prerequisites for maintaining and strengthening health.

Physical development is closely related to health. Practicing certain kinds of sports, systems of physical exercises can contribute to the development of certain organs and systems of the body. With the help of appropriately selected physical exercises, many indicators of physical development (body weight, chest circumference, lung capacity) can be improved.

Correction of deficiencies in physical development and physique. It is possible to explain the shortcomings of physical development and physique by heredity, by the conditions of upbringing, but this does not make it easier for a young person. Such shortcomings constantly spoil the mood, and often give rise to an inferiority complex.

Of course, not all deficiencies can be corrected with the help of physical exercises: the most difficult of all is growth and those features of the physique that are associated with the shape of the main skeletal bones. Much lighter - body weight and individual anthropometric indicators (circumference of the thigh, chest, etc.).

But before deciding on the correction of physique, on the selection of special exercises or sports, you should form your firm idea of ​​the ideal physique (for more details, see the second part of Chapter 5, Section 5.11).

Only then should a decision be made about the choice of a sport or a system of physical exercises - different sports and exercises will contribute to the solution of your task in different ways.

It is no coincidence that representatives of various sports are distinguished by characteristic anthropometric indicators: gymnasts have good development of the shoulder girdle and muscles of the upper extremities, the muscles of the lower extremities are relatively less developed; skaters have relatively well developed chest, thigh muscles, etc. (a more detailed description of individual sports will be given in the next section).

However, the greatest opportunities, for example, in the selective correction of individual body defects, are represented by regular athletic gymnastics or shaping, i.e. those exercises that are primarily aimed at solving such problems.