Design of external communication systems. Project for external networks of radio, telephony, civil defense and emergency Cable duct project
- The organization of the communication channel between the automatic telephone exchange and the existing facility is carried out via a newly laid fiber-optic cable. The communication channel uses the Ethernet 10/100 Base data transfer protocol. To convert analog telephony signals into an Ethernet 10/100 Base-T signal, IP gateways are used. The total length of the projected cable route is 4122 m, of which - 950 m in the existing cable duct with the FOK DPS 048T cable, and 3172 m with the FOK DPO-048 cable in a 40 mm polyethylene tube. The depth of the fiber-optic cable in the polyethylene tube is 1.2 m above ground level. In places where the cable passes under the carriageway and at the intersection of underground structures, it is made in an asbestos-cement pipe D = 100 mm. Centralized notification system This section contains a description of the equipment and principles of building a warning system for civil defense and emergency signals, designed for the multifunctional sports complex "Toksovo" and the adjacent territory. The following equipment is used to implement the tasks of alerting the population by signals of civil defense and emergency situations:
- amplifier of sound signals for broadcasting and notification "RTS-2000 OK";
- power amplifier 250 W "RTS-2000 UM-250";
- horn loudspeakers installed on the territory of the sports complex;
- equipment of the P-160 complex of the civil defense headquarters installed in the radio center of the Leningrad Regional Branch of OJSC NWTelecom;
- data transmission network equipment.
- automatic connection to the territorial automated centralized warning system of the Leningrad region (TASTSO LO);
- transmission of the signal "Attention to all" (sirens) and TASTSO voice signals.
Installation of telephones for offices, buildings, new buildings and other facilities involves the creation of a modern telecommunication system with broad possibilities for the transmission of voice information both inside the office (implemented with the help of mini-automatic telephone exchange) and outside (connection from the network of OJSC MGTS or other telecom operators). Installation of telephones involves a full range of works on installing telephones in buildings and structures and includes:
1) obtaining all the necessary documents, namely, in the process of developing a project for telephonization of a new building object, the following work is performed:- Obtaining technical specifications for the installation of telephones at the facility in the technical department of OJSC "MGTS"
- Work in the technical accounting of the telephone center of OJSC MGTS with technical documentation for choosing the optimal route for laying the cable in the telephone duct
- Development of a project for external telephony networks taking into account the technical conditions and requirements of MGTS OJSC
- Development of a project for an internal telephone network taking into account the technical conditions and requirements of OJSC MGTS
- Obtaining all the necessary approvals for the delivery of the project of external and internal telephony networks.
2) If telephonization of the object involves telephone sewerage design, the following works are performed:
- Ordering a geological base in the State Unitary Enterprise "Mosgorgeotrest"
- Registration of admission to work with technical documentation in the technical accounting of OJSC MGTS
- Work in the technical accounting of the telephone center of OJSC "MGTS" with technical documentation for the selection of the optimal route for the construction of telephone ducts
- Development of a cable duct route (part of a telephone duct project), construction of wells (in the presence of a consolidated network plan and technical conditions of the operating organization)
- Manufacturing of longitudinal profiles of cable ducts (part of a telephone duct project)
- Development of a telephone sewer project
- Obtaining approvals from related organizations, the operating organization, OJSC MGEK, OJSC Rostelecom, the District Administration, DEZ, GUIS, the Department of Underground Structures (OPS) in the State Unitary Enterprise Mosgorgeotrest, etc. Coordination of the telephone sewage project in the technical accounting of OJSC MGTS.
Thus, telephony project includes sections:
- internal telephone network;
- external telephone networks;
- telephone sewerage.
In the conditions of the current development, telephone exchanges often issue technical specifications for removal of line-cable structures from the construction zone, which requires the development of an additional project for the removal of the LCS. The volume of work on the removal of line-cable structures is comparable to the volume of work on the installation of telephones at the facility, and, as a rule, includes sections:
- removal of external telephony networks;
- telephone sewerage.
Our company, LLC "GK OKS", also performs these works. Design and approval of a telephony project requires a project organization FSB RF licenses to work with information constituting a state secret. The presence of a license from the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation and the admission of OJSC MGTS to work with technical documentation significantly accelerates the release of the project.
3) Creation of a communication infrastructure at the property in order to provide residents / tenants with access to local telephone communication via a wired line. Work on the creation of a communication infrastructure at the facility includes the supply of trunk and distribution networks to a residential building / office building, the creation of new and reinforcement of existing cable entries. A fiber-optic communication line, copper cable, etc. can be used to connect to the network.
See below for an example of a telephony project.
The result of work on the installation of telephones in buildings and structures is the receipt of the Act of acceptance of telephones.
Installation of telephones for objects is one of the leading activities of our company. LLC "GK OKS" undertakes organizational and technical measures for the installation of telephones in buildings and structures with the provision of an act of acceptance of telephones in the form of IGASN. An individual scheme of work with each Client is used.
In accordance with MPR-3.2.06.06-06 "Collection of basic prices for design work for construction in the city of Moscow" and MPR-3.1.10.02-04 "Standards for the duration of the design of construction facilities in the city of Moscow" the average estimated cost of designing telephony is:
- design of the internal telephone network (Project Internal telephone network) - 56,000 rubles.
- design of a structured cable network (SCS project) - 65,000 rubles.
- design of an external telephony network (including design of a telephone channel, Project External Telephony Networks) - 65,000 rubles.
- removal of networks from the construction zone (Project Removal of line-cable structures from the construction zone) - 90,000 rubles.
- design of laying a fiber-optic cable (FOC Project) - 85,000 rubles.
For efficient and high-quality telephonization of objects, the specialists of LLC "GC OKS" design and install analog and digital office telephone exchanges (mini-ATS, PBX).
It is difficult to imagine a modern business without effectively organized telephony. The phone is a convenient compromise between a face-to-face meeting and detached correspondence. For many, it is psychologically more comfortable to talk to a person on the phone than to look them in the eye. The heart of telephony in any company is an office mini-PBX (), which connects employees with each other and with the outside world.
Mini-automatic telephone exchanges are divided:
- analog PBX (description of analog mini-PBX >>>);
- digital IP-automatic telephone exchange (description of digital mini-automatic telephone exchange >>>).
Functionality of mini automatic telephone exchange:
- automatic (without operator) operation of mini automatic telephone exchange;
- local conversation "each with each" without occupying the city line;
- conference - simultaneous conversation of several internal and city subscribers;
- automatic selection of a free city line when entering the city;
- message about the release of the city line;
- autodial mode;
- call forwarding;
- "director-secretary" mode;
- selection of phones that respond to an external call;
- different bell for external and internal calls;
- selective installation of bans on entering the city or intercity;
- remote listening of premises;
- connection of an answering machine, fax, modem;
- registration and management of the PBX through a computer;
- loud notification of employees.
The United Integrated Systems Group of Companies offers a comprehensive supply of equipment for telephoning facilities (
8. Cable duct project
The cable duct project, in contrast to the main and distribution network, is carried out according to the II stage. This is due to the fact that it is not economically feasible to open the street covers and report the required number of pipes during the development of the network by the second stage.
1) Let's mark on the diagram the boundaries of the district and quarters. Let's designate the place of installation of the RATS-3. Let's designate the connection points for the SL from RATS-1, RATS-2, AMTS and AL from the UA. Let's designate the place of installation of the PBX. Let's designate the places of installation of all RSh (without indicating boxes in them).
2) We will design the routes of the main and inter-station cable ducts (i.e., from all RShs, points of supply of trunk lines from other RATS and AL from UA to the projected RATS-3). Let's put them on the diagram in the form of a corresponding symbol.
With the capacity of RATS-3 less than 10 thousand numbers, the supply of the KK route to the station is carried out from one side. With the capacity of RATS-3 of 10 thousand numbers or more (as in our case), the routes are brought to the station from both sides at an angle of 90 O and are interconnected by backup channels.
3) Indicate on the diagram of the installation location of branching, corner, cabinet and walk-through wells of cable ducts.
4) Let's designate the sections of the cable duct, indicate on the diagram the section number, the number of channels and the section length. For designation, an arrow is used, which is placed at the far (in relation to the RATS-3) end of the section, and is directed to its beginning. The lot number is placed above the arrow. The length of the section is opposite the arrow or below the line indicating the cable route. The number of channels is under the arrow.
The number of channels in each section is determined as a result of subsequent calculations.
The sequence of numbering of the sections is arbitrary.
The lengths of the sections are determined directly according to the scheme, taking into account the scale.
5) Determine in a tabular form for each section the required number of channels, the number of pipes (in channel-kilometers), the number and type of KK wells.
The number of trunk channels is determined by a rounded up to a larger integer ratio
where N II MP is the number of pairs in the trunk cable passing through this section;
N MP / channel - the number of trunk pairs per channel, depending on the capacity of RATS-3 for stage II and determined from the table.
Table 8.1- Dependence of the number of trunk pairs per channel on the capacity of RATS-3
| Capacity RATS-3 | £ 3k | £ 5k | £ 7k | £ 8k | > 8 thous. |
| Trunk pairs per channel | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
The inconvenience of calculating the number of main channels of the KK lies in the fact that the design of the main network was carried out according to the I stage, and the cable duct is designed according to the II stage. Therefore, you cannot directly use the backbone network diagram. It should be taken into account what capacity the trunk cables will have for stage II (N II MP / RSh).
The number of wells for various purposes in this area is determined directly according to the cable duct scheme.
The type of a well in a given section is determined based on the maximum possible number of channels introduced into a well of this type.
Table 8.2 -Maximum number of channels introduced into the wells
| Well type | Maximum number of channels | Well type | Maximum number of channels | |
| KKS-1 | 1 | KKS-5 | 24 | |
| KKS-2 | 2 | KKSS-1 | 36 | |
| KKS-3 | 6 | KKSS-2 | 48 | |
| KKS-4 | 12 |
6) On the cable duct diagram, we indicate the types of wells defined for each section.
7) Determine the required number of channels, pipes, the number and type of KK wells for the cable duct scheme. Capacity of RATS-3 = 14 thousand numbers.
For a given capacity RATS-3, taking into account the data in Table 12.1, N mp / kan = 500.
For sections with a trunk cable capacity of 500´2 (5th, 30th, 12th, etc.), the number of trunk channels according to the formula (8.1): N channel = 500: 500 = 1.
For sections with a trunk cable capacity of 1000´2 (6th, 10th, etc.), the number of trunk channels according to the formula (8.1): N channel = 1000: 500 = 2.
For the sections where the subscriber cable runs from the UA of the TZG type (26th, 25th, etc.), we provide one trunk channel, regardless of the presence of other subscriber cables.
For sections on which inter-office cables of the OKL type pass (9th, 10th, 11th, etc.), regardless of their number, we take the number of channels for connecting lines equal to 2.
For the sections on which the inter-office cable runs from the PBX of the TPPep-10´2 type (25th, 20th, etc.), regardless of the presence of other inter-office cables, we use one channel for connecting lines.
The number of distribution, spare and special-purpose channels is taken equal to 1 for all sections.
Table 8.3
| Plot No. | Section length, m | Cable brand | Projected number of channels | Number of pipes | Number of wells type | |||||||
| Magician | Ras. | SL | Zap. | C / N | Total | kan × km | KKS-3 | KKS-4 | KKS-5 | |||
| 1 | 380 | OKL | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1,52 | 3 | - | - |
| 2 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 3 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 4 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 5 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 6 | 320 | TPPep-1000´2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1,6 | 3 | - | - |
| 7 | 90 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 | 22 | 1- | -- | 1- | 1- | 7 | 0,63 | - | 1 | - |
| 8 | 670 | TPPep-1000´2TPPep-1000´2OKL | 1 | 1 | 8 | 5,36 | - | 6 | - | |||
| 9 | 280 | OKL | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1,12 | 3 | - | - |
| 10 | 330 | 6 | 1,98 | 3 | - | - | ||||||
| 11 | 170 | 8 | 1,36 | - | 2 | - | ||||||
| 12 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 13 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 14 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 15 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 16 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 17 | 500 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-500´2 | 9 | 4,5 | - | 4 | - | |||||
| 18 | 80 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 | 10 | 0,8 | - | 1 | - | |||||
| 19 | 70 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 20 | 400 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-10´2 | 13 | 5,2 | - | - | 3 | |||||
| 21 | 70 | CCI-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 22 | 100 | 7 | 0,7 | - | 1 | - | ||||||
| 23 | 500 | 6 | 3,0 | 4 | - | - | ||||||
| 24 | 70 | CCI-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,28 | 1 | - | - |
| 25 | 290 | TPPep-10´2 | 5 | 1,45 | 3 | - | - | |||||
| 26 | 200 | TZG | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,8 | 1 | - | - |
| 27 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 28 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 29 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 30 | 80 | TPPep-500´2 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0,32 | 1 | - | - |
| 31 | 780 | TPPep-1000´2 TPPep-1000´2 | 7 | 4,68 | - | 6 | - | |||||
| 32 | 300 | TPPep-1000´2 | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1,5 | 2 | - | - |
| 33 | 340 | TPPep-1000´2 | 6 | 2,04 | 3 | - | - | |||||
| 34 | 300 |
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