How did the ancient people make nails? The first nails were invented in primitive times, they were made of hardwood, fastening together the wooden parts of a dwelling or other buildings. Nails were also made from other natural materials, using fish bones or sharp plant thorns for this. There is a nail museum in the Borovichi district, where you can see nails of different times, ranging from wooden ones, of different sizes and brands.

By the way, wooden nails have never lost their relevance. At the beginning of the 20th century, village shoemakers skillfully drove miniature birch carnations into the soles of their boots. The birch studs swelled with water and held the soles firmly.

The answer to the question of when and from what metal nails were made in the old days suggests itself. The first metal nails began to be made in the Bronze Age, casting or forging them from copper and bronze, and later, in the Iron Age, from a more durable material - iron.

vintage nail

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Nails are one of the most popular and oldest metal products in its history.

The first nails were essentially forged products, at the moment, due to the invention of wire, and its huge distribution, this technology has been safely forgotten. A better and much easier way to produce nails was found than ordinary forging (and there were not enough blacksmiths).

The appearance of wire not only simplified and reduced the cost of the method of producing nails, but also made it possible to significantly expand the range of products.

Following the wire, special nail machines appeared, the task of which was to make nails from wire.

These nailers create nails according to the principle of cold forging.

Considering the modern process of creating nails, it is worth noting that not any metal is suitable for the production of nails (soft metal is not suitable, because when a nail is driven in with a hammer, it simply ...

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Tools for construction, repair and finishing works >> Technology for the production of nails, requirements for the wire used

Nail production

Page navigation: Wire specification Impact machine Rotary type machine Waste from nail production Scrap from nail production

Information for the material on the production of nails is taken from the book by S. I. Dashevsky "Production of nails" of the 1960 edition. The book is old, so perhaps modern nails are made a little differently, but the basic technology has certainly remained unchanged, since the appearance and purpose of the nail has not changed over the past 50 years.

In the mass production of nails, the following technological scheme has been adopted: filling unwinding devices - threading the wire into the machine - straightening the wire - feeding the wire to the size of the nail - clamping the wire with dies - biting off the wire with cutting knives - dropping the nails with the end - landing ...

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Nails. Their types and applications

Ordinary nails are made from thermally untreated steel and even from steel wire (soft). They are marked with two numbers: the first indicates the diameter of the rod, the second - the length in millimeters. They have a flat, smooth or corrugated hat. Wire nails with a countersunk head are used when you need to hide the hat. By hammering a nail with a countersink, you can prepare the surface of the board for further puttying.

Corrugated, screw, club nails and ruffs for hanging pictures have a rod with longitudinal, transverse, helical grooves, dents or burrs. They are more resistant to pulling.

Nails made of heat treated steel (hardened) can be driven into walls made of bricks and even lightweight concrete. But these nails are fragile, which must be taken into account when working with them.

Plaster, roofing, wallpaper nails are used to fasten low-strength materials to a rigid base. They have a shorter...

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Home > History of things

History of the nail

Remember what a mess started in the house when one of the characters in Jerome K. Jerome's story "Three Men in a Boat (not counting the dog)" - Uncle Podger undertook to do something around the house? One day he decided to hang a picture. What did you start with? With nails ... "He sends the maid to buy nails for sixpence, and after her one of the boys, to tell her what size the nails should be."

It is probably not an exaggeration to say that one of the most popular household products is the most common nail. Yes, and in any house there will certainly be nails. How else? After all, without them, they can neither make repairs, nor hang a picture on the wall, and often they help the home master fix the shoes. But a nail is needed not only in everyday life. Without large nails - crutches, a railway cannot be laid; neither furniture, nor shoe, nor other factories can do without a nail. It is needed both in construction and in shipbuilding - in a word, not ...

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The first nails were made from natural materials such as fish bones and plant thorns, or hewn from hardwoods.

The appearance of the first metal nails dates back to the Bronze Age, when they were cast or forged. Subsequently, the material for the production of nails began to serve as a wire - iron or copper. So, the Bible tells about the purchase of iron for nails by King David. Bronze nails were found during excavations of the buildings of Ancient Egypt and other ancient cultures. Historical sources report the use of nails in the Roman Empire to nail criminals to wooden crosses. In Russia, references to master nailers have been known since the 13th century.

Initially, the production of nails was manual and expensive. Nails became an affordable commodity only at the beginning of the 19th century with the advent of machines for making hammered nails and wire nails (the first machine, put into mass production in the early 1800s, was patented in 1790). By the end of XIX...

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Nail production technology

A bit of history:
The first nails were forged. It is known that in ancient times the Greeks and Romans used rather long nails forged from a copper alloy to build ships. These nails were tetrahedral in cross section and conical from the head to the sharp end.
With the development of iron processing, nails by hot forging naturally began to be made from iron that was less expensive than copper. Blacksmiths forged them both for construction and for attaching horseshoes to horses' hooves.
Nails for fastening horseshoes are called ukhnals. Until now, they are mainly made by hot forging, as they have a rather complex shape. In cross section, they are rectangular with a rather high head (5-8 mm). The head also has a rectangular cross-sectional shape (Fig. 1)

Picture 1

Ukhnali (Nails for attaching horseshoes to horses' hooves)

Inefficient technology...

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It would seem that it is simpler than an ordinary nail? Meanwhile, this is a product that can be produced in the right quantity with the right quality, only using high-tech equipment and proven raw materials. Of course, we are talking about the product, and not about the "layout".

The starting material for nails is wire. Each type of product uses its own wire size, its own material. The most common steel upholstery nails are made from non-thermally treated steel, grades St 3 KP, St3 PS, St 1 KP, St 2 KP. In general, the wire can be copper and even aluminum. Wire for the production of nails is supplied in coils that are convenient for unwinding (Fig. 1).

Fig.1. Unwinding wire from coils.

Modern nail making equipment is a compact automatic line. It looks like one “machine”, but in fact it is several pieces of equipment compactly integrated into a common body (Fig. 2).

...

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A nail is the simplest fastening tool known since antiquity. In everyday life, a nail has been around for about five thousand years.
The nail is used everywhere and for various purposes. Without a nail, make no repairs, no hang a picture on the wall, and often they help the home master to fix the shoes. But a nail is needed not only in everyday life. Without large nails - crutches, a railway cannot be laid; neither furniture, nor shoe, nor other factories can do without a nail. It is needed both in construction and in shipbuilding.

Nails appeared even in primitive man. As a nail, he used the bones of fish and animals, plant thorns, pointed roots and tree chips. They fastened parts of buildings, boats, nailed skins that served as protection from wind and snow.

Excavations in one of the oldest centers of civilization - Ancient Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Western Asia, discovered pointed clay rods, shaped very similar to acorns. This...

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Main page > Articles > Tools > Nails. Types of nails

Nails have all sorts of hats: grooved, smooth, with a screw. There are dozens of types of nails. In this article we will try to figure out where it is worth driving in a nail, and where rust will simply eat it.

Nail fastening is often considered one of the easiest methods of fastening, although it is not always reliable and durable if the nail is not properly handled.

Construction professionals use different types of nails in different sizes and with different heads. Boards need stainless nails, logs need galvanized nails, concrete needs brass or copper nails, drywall needs plastic nails, and you should not make a mistake when choosing nails with a wide, narrow head or no head at all.

construction nail

The construction nail is one of the widely used types of nails (p.s. as well as fasteners). It is a hat and a rod with elements ...

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You will need

Forge; - anvil; - blacksmith hammer-handbrake; - tongs; - vice; - cutting (chisel); - nail shop; - round bar.

Instruction

Take a round rod about a meter long and 10-12 mm in diameter. Heat one end of it in a forge. At a distance of about 50 mm from the beginning of the rod, make a pinch in one plane. Rotate the rod 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis and perform the same pinching in the other plane. As a result, the section of the workpiece in the squeezed place will turn out to be square, approximately 10x10 mm in size.

Pull the rod from the squeezed place to a square pyramid 100 mm long with a pointed top. To do this, place the workpiece on the horn of the anvil and apply several quick and strong blows, turning the rod 90 degrees. While the part is warm, trim the edges already on the flat surface of the anvil.

On the edges of the pyramid, beat off a few notches with a chisel at an angle of 45 degrees. On this cut...

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To get a decent profit, it is not at all necessary to organize a technically complex production with large capacities and high-tech equipment. There are also such areas of activity that do not require large investments from the entrepreneur, but with products that are in great demand on the market. Without a doubt, we will attribute here - a shop for the manufacture of nails. If you buy a machine for the production of good quality nails, a business can be organized literally at home. Mounting materials do not need advertising, the sales market is huge, the technology is extremely simple, the devices are relatively inexpensive - all this makes this line of business very promising.

Our business valuation:

Starting investment - 400,000 rubles.

Market saturation is average.

The complexity of starting a business is 5/10.

What nuances will a businessman have to consider before opening a mini nail production in Russia? Despite the fact that a small workshop is planned, there is a lot of work ahead.

Registration of the future enterprise

It is unlikely that any of the wholesale customers will cooperate with an enterprise that is not officially registered. Therefore, first of all, we go to formalize our workshop. The form of IP may well suit a mini-factory.

For lack of time, the collection of a package of documents and permits can be entrusted to a qualified lawyer.

GOST does not impose special requirements on the organization of a workshop for the production of fasteners, and therefore, it should not take a lot of time and money to collect the necessary documents.

Nail manufacturing technology

The production of nails as a business is especially good because the technological process of production is extremely simple. In addition, all stages are performed on special equipment. And this saves a lot of money for the entrepreneur, since there is no need to hire highly qualified personnel. If you wish, you can train workers to handle the machine yourself.

The manufacturing technology of nails is as follows:

• The wire is unwound from the reel and fed into the machine.
• The wire is cut in accordance with the specified parameters.
• At the other end, by means of a blow, a hat is formed.

The technology may differ slightly depending on what product is planned to be obtained at the output. For example, the production of galvanized nails implies the presence of another stage - galvanizing. But it can also be omitted, since it is possible to purchase raw materials immediately ready for work - galvanized wire. And this is sometimes more cost-effective, because it does not require the presence of additional equipment in the workshop.

Purchase of quality raw materials

Having understood all the nuances of the technology, you can begin to search for suppliers of raw materials. And this is a very important stage in organizing a business, since the quality of the finished product will also depend on the quality of the raw materials. And the main component here is steel wire. Wire for the production of nails, as a rule, is supplied to the workshops in the form of large coils of 500 kg. There are also larger reels weighing up to 1.8 tons. And the exact form in which to buy wire will depend on the equipment purchased, since not every device can handle the large weight of the coil.

The cost of the wire will depend on its type and the pricing policy of a particular supplier. On average, the price range ranges from 25,000 rubles. up to 35000 rub. per ton.

In order for the nail production plant to produce only high-quality products, it is important to organize a thorough incoming control of raw materials at the enterprise. Here, the correspondence of the real parameters (weight of the coil, color, brand) of the wire to those specified in the accompanying documentation is controlled. And good raw materials will not only become the key to the production of a quality product, but also save equipment from premature wear.

In addition to the wire, the workshop needs to arrange the supply of wooden containers - boxes. Finished products will be poured here during the manufacturing process. And right in these boxes, finished products can be delivered to wholesale customers.

Technical equipment of the workshop

There should be no problems with the technical equipment of the workshop, since there are a lot of equipment offers on the market today - from the cheapest manual machines to entire production lines. And how much a mini machine for making nails with your own hands costs will depend on the power of the device, brand, configuration and degree of automation.

An entrepreneur can choose machines of both foreign and domestic production. And it is impossible to say unequivocally which option is better here, since in terms of the technical component they are very similar. The main difference is the price. But is it worth overpaying for foreign devices if they work with the same raw materials and the same technology?

Automatic Nail Making Machine

Since almost every nail production line is equipped in the same way, when choosing the right machines, it is better to pay attention to their individual characteristics:

• Of great importance is the indicator of the speed of obtaining the finished product.
• It is good if the machine can work with wire of different diameters - 1.2-2 mm.
• Obtaining nails with different lengths of the rod (15-60 mm) will expand the range of products.
• If it is possible to adjust the diameter of the nail head, it will be possible to obtain products for various purposes.

The question of the cost of technical equipment in many cases will be decisive in the choice. And this business is also good because the price of equipment for the production of nails varies in a wide range. Completely manual equipment, which can easily fit in an ordinary garage, will cost the entrepreneur no more than 400,000 rubles. But if we talk about more powerful machines, then for such equipment you will have to pay much more - up to 1,000,000 rubles. For example, today's popular AG4116 machine of average productivity costs ≈700,000 rubles.

And if the available money is not enough even for the cheapest equipment, then you can think about buying used equipment for the production of nails. This will significantly save finances - practically new devices can be bought 2-3 times cheaper.

Modern nail machines are very easy to operate, and therefore you can start a business even without outside help - with small production volumes, even one person can handle the maintenance of the equipment.

Taking into account the fact that huge reels of wire are used in the manufacturing process of finished products, it is advisable to supplement the machine for the production of nails with an electric or manual forklift. This equipment will greatly facilitate the process. A manual lever hoist (with a lifting capacity of up to 2 tons) can be bought for about 20,000 rubles. - it will be quite enough for a small workshop.

Problems of sales of finished products

It’s great if, even at the stage of business planning, an entrepreneur evaluates competition in the regional sales market. This will help in the future to plan the development strategy of the enterprise and the customer search plan.

As in many other production areas, in this niche we rely on wholesale buyers. Even a low-power machine will produce large volumes of products that individuals simply will not buy.

It is quite clear that the price of a machine for the production of nails will pay off the faster, the sooner contracts for the supply of finished products are concluded. Potential wholesale consumers:

• furniture factories,
• construction companies,
• building bases and shops.

Surely, large companies are already cooperating with someone, which means that it will not be easy to win them over to your side, only if you reduce the price of the goods. And let here the entrepreneur lose a little in profit, but this will immediately ship the manufactured products. With the development of the workshop, the prices of products can be raised, covering new markets.

Since our target is wholesalers, it makes no sense to launch a large-scale advertising campaign. But you can still make yourself known - ads in newspapers and the Internet, articles in specialized magazines.

How profitable is the nail making business?

Every business plan for the production of nails, even if we are talking about organizing a home business, should contain a section that proves the profitability of the planned workshop.

But before talking about profit, it is necessary to calculate the capital costs. And here it all depends on the specific conditions - the cost of equipment, the ownership of a production facility, the terms of the contract for the supply of raw materials. On average, 1,000,000 rubles will be enough to organize a full-fledged workshop.

This will include the following items of expenditure:

• Purchase of machines of medium power (≈350pcs/min) and their commissioning.
• Renting a small space.
• Providing a raw material base.
• Official registration of the workshop.

But if you buy used equipment and install it in your own garage, then an entrance ticket to this niche will cost no more than 400,000 rubles.

Practice shows that the manufacture and sale of nails with well-established distribution channels can bring an entrepreneur a consistently high income. But it is impossible to indicate the exact figure of income, since everything here is strictly individual. And in order to understand how profitable this area is for an entrepreneur, we can take the following profitability indicators as a basis: the cost of a ton of products is ≈30,000-38,000 rubles, the selling price of nails ranges from 40,000-45,000 rubles / t.

What could be simpler than a nail, you ask - this staple is thousands of years old! But not everything is so simple, if you look closely. Today, dozens, if not hundreds of varieties of nails are produced - literally for all occasions.

So where do they all apply?

Types of nails

For centuries, each nail was unique and expensive, forged or cast by a blacksmith. Nailing machines appeared only 200 years ago, so nails became cheap - and the first standards could be introduced for them. Modern nails are 6-310 mm long and 0.8-8.8 mm thick, made of steel, including stainless steel, copper, brass, bronze, aluminum and even plastic. The surface is often protected against corrosion with zinc, chrome, brass or copper.

The whole variety of nails is related by the method of fastening - hitting with a hammer.

But here, too, there are changes: there are nail guns, or nailers, pneumatic and electric. Special nails made of hardened steel are driven into concrete and brick by a construction gun using the energy of combustible gas or a powder charge.

Ordinary building nail. (1)

The most massive, low-carbon steel. On the surface of the cap there is a notch to reduce the slippage of the hammer. Such nails are produced up to 310 mm long, they are used to knock together temporary scaffolding or scaffolding. Most construction nails are galvanized or hot-dip galvanized. The first is better to use for interior work, the second - for outdoor. Acid-resistant steel nails are suitable for buildings in places with high humidity, they are made in lengths of 75 and 100 mm.

Copper nail (2)

Structurally the same as the building one, only from a copper alloy. They are used where durability of tens and hundreds of years is needed - copper roofs, corrosive operating conditions, wooden shipbuilding. A pleasant appearance attracts furniture makers and decorators, for whom small copper nails are forged in the shape of a tex: a flat elliptical hat and a pyramid-shaped rod turning into a point. The only drawback is that they are quite plastic. Where higher bond strength is required with the same corrosion resistance, brass nails are used.

Screw nail, it is also pallet. (3)

Available with a full, full length of the rod, and an incomplete square wire screw. It creates a reliable connection, it is used for the manufacture of pallets, containers, fixing floorboards - that is, such structures that are prone to bending under the influence of variable humidity or loads. Fastening strength is four times greater than a conventional construction nail, and technically making such a connection is easier than tightening a screw.

Duckert-nail.

It is distinguished by the small size of the cap, which often has a recess for better retention of the point of the doboinich. The use of a doboynika allows you to avoid deformation of the wooden surface with a hammer on the last blow. The surface of the cap is uneven so that the putty sticks to it better. Such nails are used there. where fasteners should be inconspicuous - lining, door and window trim, skirting boards.

Comb, also ruffed, corrugated, ring nail. (4)

On the rod, transverse notches are applied, turning the nail into a kind of harpoon. With a flat or conical hat. They give a very strong connection, are used in the manufacture of containers. Pulling out such a nail with pliers or a nail puller is almost impossible. In comparison with a conventional nail, it gives a five times stronger connection. Made of hardened steel for hard materials.

Roofing, aka roofing paper, nail(5) are distinguished by a smaller length of the rod with a section increased compared to conventional construction nails. A flat cap of large diameter contributes to a better retention of soft rolled or sheet material - roofing felt, for roofing material, building cardboard. All roofing nails are galvanized.

Club nail. (6)

It differs in that for better retention in wood, longitudinal grooves are formed along the entire length of the rod. They can be solid or with transverse bridges. Roll materials like roofing felt and roofing felt are fastened with such unusual nails.

Slate nail.

An enlarged cap made of galvanized steel is mounted on a rather long rod, under which a rubber washer is put on before clogging. A hammered nail in this way seals the hole from water ingress and does not create dangerous stresses in the slate sheet during temperature fluctuations. The length should be chosen taking into account the height of the slate wave - the nail is driven only into the crest of the wave.

Wallpaper nail.

Smooth cylindrical rod 12-20 mm long with a decorative cap. Such a nail is used for sheathing with soft materials.

Drywall nail- a type of roofing nail. Its core is thinner, and the head is wide, not crushing the porous material, but at the same time holding it securely. These nails are well suited for fastening fiberboard and construction board. The rod, or part of it, can be provided with an annular notch to improve adhesion to the wood base under drywall.

Finishing nail. (7)

They are used for fastening lining, platbands and similar thin parts, the surface of which is undesirable to spoil with the appearance of nail heads. Therefore, the head is very small, and it sinks into the surface of the wood. The steel rod can be galvanized, copper-plated or brass-plated, sometimes bronze finishing nails are also found.

Nail with a double cap (doublet). (8)

It is used for temporary fastening, for example, formwork and collapsible structures such as greenhouses. The top cap makes it easier to pull out without damaging the entire structure, and the bottom cap securely holds the nailed part.

Nail with an oval head.

Such a section reduces the risk of wood splitting along the fibers - if the major axis of the oval is oriented along them. They are used as parquet, for fastening platbands - when the hat needs to be buried under the surface of the wood.

Decorative nail. (10)

Used mainly for finishing upholstered furniture. Hats can be round, square and shaped, with a cast or embossed ornament. The imagination of designers is almost limitless.

Shoe nail(9) - for attaching soles, heels and other parts of shoes. The sole nail has a cylindrical brass or steel rod with an oval tip, the head is conical. Tetrahedral nails are used to fasten the heels, they are also called manual tex. Having the shape of a truncated wedge of rectangular cross section.

Forming nail.

The only completely blunt nail, the rod does not sharpen at all. Used when connecting molds for pouring metal, made of mild steel.

Ukhnal - a horseshoe nail. (eleven)

Types of nails for various applications - photo

The smart nails puzzle is a classic puzzle consisting of two identical nails.

The gap where the nails intersect is wider than the thickness of the nails themselves, so the nails can be joined together as well as pulled apart without the use of force.

The sheer simplicity of this puzzle makes it great, and the solution to the puzzle isn't as obvious as it first appears.

This tutorial will show you how to give the nails the correct shape and, of course, how to solve the puzzle itself.

Step 1: Bending Machine

The secret to creating this puzzle lies in understanding how to make 2 nails in the correct shape.

The easiest way is to create a bending fixture, which consists of two 7.5 cm metal rods and a block of wood. The rods can be made from two bolts by tightening them in a vise and cutting off the heads and threaded parts. Sharp edges remaining after the cut must be carefully sanded.

Using a 0.8 cm bit, I drilled two holes in the block of wood about 2.5 cm apart. One hole was about 2.5 cm deeper than the other - this is important.

Step 2: Clamp the bending machine in a vise

Metal rods must be driven into holes, and a wooden block must be tightened into a vise.

You can create a similar device using different materials and fixtures - the idea is that you need two strong poles mounted close to each other on a fixed base.

Step 3: Nails

I tried different nails, but I liked the standard 16D 3 1/2″ nails the most. Try to create puzzles from several varieties of nails, and you can also make from wire to find the perfect one.

If the nails are covered with anti-corrosion grease, then it is better to wipe them off, otherwise, by the time you finish the job, all this grease will be on your hands.

Step 4: Bend the nails

Holding the nail firmly in the pliers, place it between the rods as shown in the picture and bend the nail around the longer rod.

It may take several attempts to get good results, but after a couple of bent nails, you will understand how it is done correctly.

Step 5: Almost done

The nails should look like this.

Step 6: Gap

The key is to get the correct gap where the nail crosses itself.

The gap should be slightly wider than the thickness of the nail itself.

If necessary, gently tap the bent nail with a hammer until an identical nail cannot pass through the gap.

Step 7: Doing more and more...

Obviously, you need two nails for one puzzle. But I recommend making a lot of puzzles, simply because it will be a great gift for those people with whom you are in contact.

Step 8: How to Solve the Puzzle

First you need to put the nails together. The process is the reverse of how to separate them. The solution is in the second and third picture - movement requires a lot of rotation. The two nails should wrap around the middle point where they touch.

Just play with them and put a little effort at different angles and you'll be fine.

But, it's not as easy as it seems, and for the joy of solving, I highly recommend following the photos just to assemble the nails. And try to separate without peeping.

Bent Nails is a classic do-it-yourself puzzle that should delight you and everyone you give it to.

Nail- this is a fastener, which is a hardware in the form of a rod with a head and a sharp end. The rod can be cylindrical, parallelepipedic, cone-shaped or pyramidal in shape. A nail is used to fasten (usually wood) pieces of various materials together.

Nail production equipment

The following equipment is used:

• nail machine. Pay attention to what length and width products he can produce. Universal machines will be more expensive than mini-devices designed for the production of nails with a small diameter. The cost starts from 500 thousand rubles;
• Grinder. It will give the product a marketable appearance. The price of such a device is at least 200 thousand rubles;
• Packing machine. Manually packing nails is difficult and time consuming. But, you can purchase a packing machine that will be used for packing goods in an automated mode. Its price is approximately 400 thousand rubles;
• Tap. Its task is to lift coils with wire and install them in the machine. The price is 150 thousand rubles.

Above are prices for new equipment. You can save money and buy used machines. But, you should do this carefully, making sure that the products are in good working order and have not fully developed their resource. The equipment must be repairable, and spare parts for it must be freely available.

Production technology

GOSTs

The main GOST standards used in the production of nails:

1. GOST 4029-63 Round roofing nails. Design and dimensions;
2. GOST 4030-63 Roofing nails. Design and dimensions;
3. GOST 4032-63 Round finishing nails. Design and dimensions;
4. GOST 4033-63 Round wallpaper nails. Design and dimensions;
5. GOST 4034-63 Round container nails. Design and dimensions;
6. GOST 4035-63 Round forming nails. Design and dimensions;
7. GOST 6750-75: Copper nails for shipbuilding. Specifications.

Raw material

The advantage of the business is that only one consumable is required for production - wire.

According to GOST 283-75, nails are made from wire:

• round section - from low-carbon steel uncoated thermally uncoated wire according to GOST 3282 or from wire according to normative and technical documentation (NTD);
• shaped section - from low-carbon steel thermally untreated wire without coating according to NTD.

It is sold in reels weighing from 150 to 2,000 kg. The wire must be strong. For example, a ton of steel wire costs about 32-36 thousand rubles. When sales are established, it will be possible to purchase raw materials in large volumes, which will lead to a decrease in its price.

In the past, nails were made from bronze or wrought iron, but modern manufacturing typically uses steel, often coated to prevent corrosion under severe conditions or simply to improve adhesion. Conventional wood nails are typically made from mild, low carbon steel (about 0.1% carbon, the remainder being iron and possibly traces of silicon or manganese). For the production of nails for concrete, high-carbon steel with a content of 0.5-0.75% carbon is used.

Kinds

We list the main types:

• A nail is ordinary, construction;
• Screw;
• Duckert;
• Comb (ruffled, corrugated);
• slate;
• Roofing (roofing);
• Finishing;
• Nail on concrete and metal.

Dimensions

Most countries, with the exception of the United States, use the metric system to describe sizes. If, for example, the package indicates the size 2.0 × 50, then the smaller number - 2 mm - is the diameter, and the larger one - 50 mm - means the length.

Table - Standard dimensions and theoretical weight

Size, mm	Weight 1000 pcs, kg
0.8x8	0,032
0.8x12	0,051
1.0x16	0,100
1.2x16	0,147
1.2x20	0,183
1.2x25	0,219
1.4x25	0,302
1.4x32	0,385
1.4x40	0,482
1.6x25	0,397
1.6x40	0,633
1.6x50	0,791
1.8x32	0,640
1.8x40	0,787
1.8x50	0,967
1.8x60	1,160
2.0x40	0,949
2.0x50	1,190
2.5x50	1,870
2.5x60	2,230
3.0x70	3,770
3.0x80	4,330
3.5x90	6,600
4.0x100	9,500
4.0x120	11,500
5.0x120	17,800
5.0x150	21,900
6.0x150	32,400
6.0x200	43,100
8.0x250	96,200

Note. The mass of 1000 club nails is 15% less, and that of club nails with jumpers is 12% less than the mass of 1000 round nails of the same size.

How to do + video of the operation of the simplest machine

By the end of the 19th century, forged nails were the subject of an extensive handicraft industry. The production, as a rule, consisted of the following: the blacksmith took an iron rod, heated it in a furnace, pulled it off on the anvil with hammer blows, sharpening it at the end and leaving a thickening in place of the future head. Then the rod at the head was cut off and inserted into a bar with a hole (nailer), after which the head (hat) was flattened with a hammer. Master nailers achieved considerable speed in manufacturing, managing to forge two nails while the rod cools, and a certain James Leiston in Birmingham forged 17 thousand pieces in two weeks.

In other cases, nails were cut from an iron strip (crutches). The technology provided for cutting such a strip first into transverse strips the width of the estimated length of the spike, and then lengthwise into separate pieces (diagonally so that one end was pointed) to obtain longitudinal fibers in the spikes themselves. Then the blunt side was bent in the nailer, forming a hat. Crutches, with their narrow heads, are used in carpentry.

The same operations subsequently began to be carried out by machines. Nails were forged from hot iron and from cold. The cast ones were made of cast iron and fired.

Currently, modern technologies and equipment are used for production in the form of a special rotary press, commonly called a nail machine.

Video. How nails are made on the simplest machine:

A new such nailing machine (machine) AG4116 is sold at a price of around 1,200,000 rubles. It is intended for the manufacture of ordinary building nails in accordance with GOST 4028-63 and container nails with a flat head (GOST 4034-63) from low-carbon steel wire (GOST 3282-74).

Nailing machine AG 4116 can also be used for the manufacture of products from non-ferrous metals and alloys with a tensile strength of 50 kg/mm ​​to 100 kg/mm.

The machine is equipped with an unwinding device for installing coils of wire up to 1500 mm.

The process of making nails for a nailer and a nailer is significantly different, which we will discuss in a separate article dedicated to them.

Sales of products

At each construction site, production and in each residential building, nails are required in various volumes. They are used for a wide variety of activities - from assembling furniture to assembling frames for pouring the foundation. At first glance, the need for nails is simply huge, and the owner of the enterprise will definitely not be left without orders. But, you need to understand that many wholesale buyers prefer cooperation with large suppliers, and also take into account competitors. On the domestic market, nails are presented not only by local manufacturers, but also by foreign companies. To get a competitive enterprise, you need to thoroughly promote it with advertising, make quality products and sell them at low prices. Only the observance of these three factors is the guarantor of the success of future business activities.

Of course, it makes no sense to stand on the market yourself and sell nails produced at a personal enterprise. Such an implementation is unlikely to pay back investments in production even after many years. Sales must be on a large scale. Nails should be supplied to large construction hypermarkets and small shops. Implementation with the help of online stores will also be useful. You can arrange the delivery of your own products to retail outlets yourself or hire a sales manager. He will be fully engaged in this activity. With a successful combination of circumstances, in a month it will be possible to establish a serious sale.

Search for premises for organizing activities

To organize activities, you will need a room with a total area of ​​​​at least 150-200 sq.m. On its territory there will be equipment for production, a warehouse, offices of an accountant, a technologist, a manager, a canteen and a locker room. It will be difficult to buy it, since an object with such a quadrature will cost about 10-15 million rubles. It is easier to rent a production space. Suitable object somewhere on the outskirts of the village. It is desirable to have an asphalted area and equipped entrances. This will facilitate the supply of raw materials and the loading of finished products to consumers. The cost of renting a room of 200 sq.m. will be about 100,000 thousand rubles a month. In small towns, this figure is many times less.

Here you need to add one-time work to organize the workspace for personal needs - 200 thousand rubles.

Purchase of furniture and equipment for the organization of administrative and economic activities

A couple of computers, computer tables, printers, racks, cabinets and other furniture, as well as equipment, are necessary for the full conduct of administrative and economic activities. In total, the purchase of the listed items will take about 200 thousand rubles.

Recruitment of workers in the state

The following specialists should work in production:

• equipment adjusting engineer;
• two workers;
• storekeeper-loader;
• accountant;
• master of purity;
• sales manager.

Their salary fund per month is about 250 thousand rubles per month. Approximately 600,000 rubles should be provided for the payment of wages to employees in the amount of the initial investment.

The formal side of things

Manufacture is required to be registered legally. Only in this way can it work within the framework of the legislation of the country. Choose a form of activity for the enterprise and a simplified taxation system of 6%. OKVED code for the enterprise: 25.93. It is extremely difficult to legalize the production yourself. There are a number of subtleties and nuances, ignorance of which can lead to a delay in the opening of an organization. It is recommended to contact lawyers who will take up the formal side of the matter. The one-time remuneration of such employees will be about 30-50 thousand rubles.

Total investment amount

To open an enterprise for the production of nails, you need from 500,000 rubles, in the case of using simple machines.

Payback periods

We can only say about them approximately - from 6 months. Much depends on the number of competitors in the market, the volume of construction activities, the total population, as well as the talent of the entrepreneur. You can increase your income by selling nails in other areas.