Jib light cranes with a lifting capacity within 1 ton cannot be dispensed with in the implementation of various electrical, installation and construction works. Thanks to their design, it is possible to install devices in various openings of a building or on ceilings, as well as move them for convenient use. They are easy to assemble and install, and if necessary, they can be quickly disassembled into their constituent elements and transferred to a suitable place.

The use of such structures is rational in the absence of the possibility of operating other types of PMG. There are many types of cranes with different designs. They are subdivided into stationary and mobile. Boom devices are equipped with one electric drive mechanism for moving the load. The crane is operated by manual control.

Construction mini crane

You can independently create a variety of tools and devices that are so necessary in construction and other types of work. Despite the fact that a mini-crane, made by hand, is characterized by a limited transportable load weight (no more than 250 kg), such a design will simplify the implementation of most of the construction work.

The main task is to select all the tools and parts necessary for the creation and subsequent operation. The weight of the assembly can be up to 300 kg, depending on the materials used. At the same time, it has compact dimensions and the ability to move without preliminary disassembly using a car.

DIY crane: assembly

With the help of a worm-based gearbox, a cargo winch is formed. It can also provide the creation of a manual drive that simplifies the assembly of the boom winch. The building supports are the basis for the screw outriggers. All the elements presented above form the basis of the design. In addition, winch drums are needed. It should be noted that not everyone can make their own production, since the process is complex and laborious, as well as the need for specialized equipment and experience in carrying out such work.

The way out of the situation is the rotors from the electric motor, which can be used as a basis, and significantly simplify the task. Particular attention should be paid to the consistency of the dimensions of the elements used and the future device. For this, additional measurements are made using a ruler.

Additional elements

For ease of movement, the platform is equipped with wheels. Items from the conveyor carriage may come in handy. In the course of creating a structure, do not forget about this addition, since it is thanks to it that the simplest crane, assembled with its own hands, moves. To do this, you only need to remove the outrigger support elements, which does not cause any particular difficulties and is done in a short time. It is important to observe safety precautions, in particular, the boom must be set to zero level to prevent loss of balance and the fall of the crane.

Peculiarities

The optimum boom height is 5 meters. For its manufacture, a pipe with a diameter of about 8 cm is used. The profile from two corners is mounted into the base. You also need to create a pivot mechanism for turning and lifting the boom; for this, an automobile hub from any cargo vehicle is suitable. No special materials are needed for the counterweight, since standard bricks can be used for them. You can create a crane with your own hands on the basis of tracked tracks and a bed. The last element can be taken from an unused machine.

It is worth noting that there is no need for a brake for the slewing mechanism and the winch, since it is not needed during the operation of the crane, and the operation of the finished device will be carried out at low speed.

Design advantages

The rectangular pipe is suitable for the formation of the outrigger structure of the support and the common base. For the latter, according to experts, it will be optimal to use a channel for 200. The length of the thrust screws should be within 50 cm, due to which the crane can be mounted on any surface, including with a large number of irregularities, with its own hands. Thus, there is no need to prepare the site on which the building is being built.

Difficulties sometimes arise with wheels, since on loose soil they can turn badly and burrow into it. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out work on solid ground. After completion of construction, the structure is disassembled into its constituent elements for storage.

What can be done for a garage

When self-repairing a car, it is often necessary to remove the engine, so many car owners are wondering how to make a crane with their own hands. The simplest option is a hoist, which requires a hand winch, triangular struts with wheels, and a cross tube.

On the upper part of the racks, the pipe fasteners are fixed by welding. A hand winch is welded to the vertical post, and the rollers are mounted on a beam, later they are used to move the cable. In this case, it is not necessary to purchase a winch, since you can make this structure yourself.

Such a device will not clutter up the space, it can be disassembled, and separately the transverse beam and supports will not take up much space. A crane created for a garage with its own hands is capable of lifting and moving a load weighing no more than 800 kg. Its main advantage is the absence of the need to purchase expensive materials.

As noted earlier, you can make your own winch. This will require a drum equipped with a cable; it must be fixed on a structure made of pipes with a square cross section. The small chain sprocket is electrically driven and the large sprocket is at the edge of the drum. To create a hand winch, the shaft equipped with a drum is complemented by a handle.

To replace and repair most of the parts in the car, an overpass or pit is required; in their absence, you can use a lift. Despite the existing risks when working with such a device, its creation is justified by economic benefits and practical benefits.

An overhead crane trolley, assembled by hand with a winch, is the simplest version of a car lift, while the machine is installed on platforms after being raised to the desired height. There is also a scissor design, which is distinguished by the absence of the possibility of breaking the cable, which cannot be guaranteed by the previous version.

Scissor crane

The base and platform of the scissor lift are made of channels. Two-piece distributor, pump, bushings, hydraulic cylinder and I-beams are required for the shear.

A self-made UAZ crane is capable of lifting loads weighing more than 500 kg. It can also be removed upon completion of work. The main purpose of the device is to fix the retractable supports. The base of the structure is made of a thick-walled square, fixed to the frame with several bolts. Retractable pores hold onto the bumper and lift the rear of the vehicle.

Crane "Pioneer9rdquo;

The mechanism makes it possible to simplify the implementation of many repair and construction works, as well as to ensure the implementation of actions that cannot be performed without additional lifting devices. The structure is suitable for loads with different volumes and sizes, while it can be installed on the ceilings of erected houses, in pits and on the roof.

Among the main components, it is worth noting a swing and support frame, an electric winch, and a control panel. The device does not cause difficulties in the process of use and the application of significant physical efforts. Management is within the power of every person, even those who do not have the appropriate experience.

Many owners of private houses and summer cottages are engaged in the creation of lifting structures. Their spread is due to the fact that each part of the mechanism, regardless of its complexity, can be performed in the desired way and with the necessary functionality. In addition to moving heavy loads such as monolithic blocks, these cranes can transport light items to great heights.

Unfortunately, the creation of hydraulic devices, as a rule, is not possible. But, despite this, the crane (with its own hands), the photo of which is presented below, is easy to operate and has sufficient lifting capacity.

Assembling the crane “Pioneer9rdquo;

Many details can be found, surprisingly, in a landfill. For a homemade mechanism, the main components are a rectangular pipe and an I-beam. In this case, it is important that the latter fits easily in the pipe. To create a telescopic unit for an I-beam, sliding guides are made. It should be noted that they must be lubricated with special compounds to reduce the degree of friction.

For the operation of the device, cables with a small diameter are also required. These can be purchased at a hardware store. A channel is often used to secure the pivot and support frames. It also provides a snug fit to any surface. As a rule, it is the roof of a building under construction. In accordance with safety rules, it is required to make a rectangular platform as ballast, while it will reduce the likelihood of problems while the crane, assembled by hand, is in operation. An electric motor connected to the winch is used to start the lifting process.

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We strengthen homemade lifting devices

Homemade lifting devices are now becoming more and more popular. During construction, when working in the garage, you often have to move heavy loads. In construction, manual transportation takes considerable time and it is not always possible to install ramps or scaffolding. In any case, it is much easier and more efficient to use lifts.

Crane diagram

The same applies to the automotive theme, a garage with a lift is much more convenient to use. The simplest lifts are an ordinary beam, rigidly fixed at one end, and a movable block is installed at the other end. A rope is thrown over the block, with the help of which the weights are tightened by hand.

Such a homemade lift is quite simple to manufacture, but from a practical point of view, it is very inconvenient. Firstly, the load is lifted manually anyway, and secondly, dismantling and installing a beam from one place to another takes even more time than simply dragging weights. Similar mechanisms are used in log houses.

Log house construction

Materials and tools:

• pole supports;
• wooden top beam;
• metal guide;
• wheel pulley;
• bearings;
• chain hoist;
• sprains;
• pulley;
• welding machine.

If the question of how to make a log lift yourself makes you think, then here is a fairly simple solution. An upper beam with a length slightly longer than the length of the future structure is installed on 2 vertically dug pillars. This clearance makes it possible to drag logs directly from the stack to the installation site.

The wooden beam must be provided from above with a metal guide along which the mechanism will move. Further, the technology is simple, a wheel-pulley on a bearing is connected to an L-shaped metal part, to the other end of which a hand chain hoist with a carrying capacity of at least 750 kg is attached. This minimum is explained by the fact that the weight of a thirty-centimeter-wide log house ranges from 270 to 400 kg, depending on the moisture content of the wood.

Pillars for such a structure should be at least 20 cm in diameter, and the beam, based on the load, is a bar of at least 15X20 cm in cross section.

The guide is a piece of reinforcement, to which, at equal distances, no more than half a meter, the tips of the nails are welded. They will attach the guide to the wooden beam.

The beam is fixed a couple of tens of cm away from the posts in order to avoid coupling the transport device and the post.

To strengthen the structure, spacers are installed on the nailed beam. If the height of the pillars is 4-5 m, then for stability they must be dug into the ground by 1 m and spacers should be installed on the side to which the beam is shifted.

The pulley, preferably with sides, is put on the guide and the lift is ready for operation.

Homemade crane

For individual construction, you cannot do without a crane, which can also be made, if necessary, with your own hands.

A home-made crane will help to mount ceilings, foundations and all other structural elements, due to its ability to fall below the zero mark by 2.5 m and rise to a height of about 2 m.

Such a crane allows you to transport cargo over a distance of 3 m. For home construction, the proposed possibilities should be sufficient.

This design does not provide for a slewing mechanism, since the crane is not designed for loads of more than 300 kg and is easily rotated manually along with the entire structure.

In order to make a crane with your own hands, you will need:

• 4 telescopic tubes with an outer diameter of 140 mm,
• three-meter I-beam,
• metal corners for supporting structures,
• telpher or hand winch.

Homemade crane

Telescopic pipes are welded in pairs to the ends of beams, consisting of two adjoining corners 1.5 and 0.5 m long, thus, 2 U-shaped structures are obtained, which for stability are welded with a beam along the base and reinforced with triangular spacing.

Additional support angles are welded to the smaller frame, which will serve as the rear support of the crane, to prevent the future lifting device from tipping over.

An I-beam is welded in the center of the lower part of the horizontal beams so that the smaller frame is on the edge of the I-beam, and the larger one is a little further 1.5 m from the smaller one.

A winch is attached to the lower part of the I-beam, which will be a horizontal mobile device, while a telescopic system will help to move loads in a vertical direction.

Lift in the garage

How to make a homemade garage lift? Car enthusiasts often resort to self-repairing a vehicle, and removing a car engine by hand is not an easy task.

For such purposes, it is simply necessary to have a garage lift, even if it is made by hand. The collapsible beam crane system does not take up much space, and is made from:

• cross tube,
• square racks on triangular supports equipped with casters,
• manual winch.

The pipe is inserted into fasteners welded to the top of the uprights and secured with bolts. The winch is welded to the vertical post, and 2 rollers are welded to the beam, along which the cable from the winch moves. The winch in the garage is also easy to do with your own hands.

After using the homemade crane, the beam is disassembled into 2 supports and a crossbeam, which are placed in any corner of the garage. The advantage of such a crane-beam is that its creation does not require special skills and materials, everything can be found at hand.

In addition, the crane beam will allow you to lift and transport loads up to 800 kg within the garage.

Homemade garage winch. The design of the winch assumes the presence of a drum with a cable, which is attached to the shaft to a frame made of square pipes. A large sprocket is attached to the outer edge of the drum, and a small one on a chain drive is attached to an electric drive. If the winch is planned to be manual, then a handle is attached to the shaft on which the drum is fixed.

Car lift in the garage. To repair a car in the garage, a pit or overpass should be provided, but it is easier to organize a lift. Although this is a rather risky event, equipping a lift in the garage with your own hands makes practical and economic sense.

The simplest car lift is the already described overhead crane with a winch, in which case, after lifting to the required height, the car is placed on platforms. But there is a risk of the rope breaking, so there is another garage lift.

To make a scissor lift you will need:

• channel bars from which the platform and base are made,

and for the manufacture of scissors are suitable:

• I-beams,
• hydraulic cylinder,
• bushings,
• pump,
• distributor for two sections.

The beams are held together by bushings on the scissor principle, and a hydraulic cylinder with a handle helps to raise the scissors to the desired height.

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Garage: homemade lifting devices

Homemade lifting devices are an indispensable tool for a garage in which major car repairs are planned. With this accessory, you can easily remove the engine of the car, raise the edge of the body or even the entire car.

Easy-to-manufacture home-made lifting mechanisms several times facilitate and speed up work not only in the garage, but also near the house. They are indispensable for construction and repair, moving construction waste, unloading weights.

Types of lifting mechanisms

Before you start assembling a garage crane with your own hands, you should choose which mechanism will suit you best. Lifting machines belong to a rather important category of industrial and domestic equipment. They are designed to move various loads in a vertical or inclined direction. A useful function for motorists is the ability to move the load suspended on the hook to the side, thereby freeing up space for work. When designing a lift for a car, it is advisable to supplement it with a similar option - this way you can expand the list of actions performed in the garage.

The purchase of a ready-made lift entails significant financial costs, so many garage owners are interested in the question of how to make such a mechanism themselves. First you need to figure out what types of devices exist, how they differ from each other, and what functions they have. The classification is carried out according to various criteria: principle of operation, purpose, type of drive. Let's consider the most common types of lifting machines:

1. Blocks are manual mechanisms that use only the strength of human muscles to lift a load. The structure of the block is also known from the school curriculum: it consists of a wheel with a depression around it, rotating around a fixed axis. A rope, rope or metal chain is passed through the groove. The force required to lift weights decreases exponentially as the number of blocks in the system increases.
2. A jack is a simple lever device used to raise one side of the vehicle. Jacks can be both manual and hydraulic, pneumatic and electric.
3. Tal is a manual or mechanized device consisting of a system of interconnected blocks. Depending on the number of individual wheels (pulleys), hoists are divided into two-, three-, four-pulley, etc. The maximum number of pulleys that use such devices is 12. An industrial type of hoist - a chain hoist is often used to move cargo on ships.

In addition to standard lifting devices, there are specialized installations:

1. The hoist is an improved hoist equipped with an electric drive. Thanks to this addition, the power and carrying capacity of the mechanism increases, and when the hoist is placed on a horizontal I-beam, it becomes possible to move loads along the room.
2. A crane is an elementary device that works on the principle of a lever. A hook for hanging the load is attached to one end of the lever, and a counterweight is attached to the opposite end. The lifting height of loads largely depends on the position of the mechanism itself, since the length of the lever stroke remains small. With the help of a crane, you can not only lift weights, but also move them along a trajectory described by the radius of the lever. Often, a crane successfully replaces a crane, but due to its large dimensions, its use in a garage is not practiced.

What characteristics should a garage lift have?

Since the device will be used in the rather cramped conditions of a standard garage, certain requirements are put forward for it. Firstly, it should not be too large - such a car lift, despite its high power, takes up a lot of space, which is very undesirable in such a small area. Secondly, it is recommended to give preference to mechanisms with a small vertical stroke, otherwise you run the risk of running into them against the ceiling.

The second requirement is carrying capacity. It is calculated based on the types of work for which the car lift is being developed. The dimensions of the mechanism also depend on the purpose. If a conventional jack is also suitable for a normal wheel change, then for larger-scale works you will need a car lift with a platform, although for such responsible actions it is recommended to resort to the help of professional equipment.

Materials and tools

When designing a garage lift with your own hands, you need to have in your arsenal not only drawings of the future device, but also arm yourself with a set of tools and high-quality materials that are resistant to loads. First of all, you will need:

• welding machine;
• grinder with a cutting wheel for metal;
• bolts and nuts for fastening;
• steel pipes with a diameter of 40-50 mm;
• steel corner or profiled pipe with a cross section of 35-40 mm;
• cable;
• homemade winch for the garage (you can buy it, the factory-made version will be more reliable).

As the planned homemade garage winch becomes a reality, the list of accessories for it may change slightly, depending on your specific requirements for the device.

How to assemble a simple tap

Before assembling the lift with your own hands, you should create a detailed drawing indicating the dimensions of all parts and how they are attached to each other. At this stage, the type of mechanism is determined - it can be a crane beam for a garage, a conventional winch suspended from the ceiling, a powerful jack with manual, electric or hydraulic control. Craftsmen often design even such complex devices as a two-post lift that can support the weight of a car.

One of the simplest models, which includes a homemade garage winch, consists of a cantilevered boom mounted on a vertical steel pipe rack. A trolley with a winch is mounted on the boom. The vertical pipe is welded to the base. It can be a massive steel plate or the garage foundation itself. A homemade garage winch will be more reliable if you attach the upper end of the rack to the ceiling of the room.

The working part of the mechanism is a small winch. If it is homemade, the crane will lose some in reliability, so it is better to purchase a factory-made device.

A steel cable is passed through a groove in the winch block, at the end of which a hook is installed. By rotating the handle of the winch, you will set the block with the cable in motion, lifting the load to a predetermined height.

Conclusion on the topic

A garage with a lift is the dream of many motorists, because with such a device it turns into your own, comfortable and free car service.

It is quite simple to design a lift in the garage with your own hands. It is enough just to stock up on the necessary materials, tools, and clearly define the list of tasks that the device will perform.

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Choosing lifting equipment for construction

The higher the walls of a house under construction grow, the more difficult it is to deliver building materials to the place. Renting a crane is an expensive business, what can you do? Purchase solves problems the simplest lifting mechanisms .

There is so much in the arsenal of warehouses and large-scale racks: conveyors, escalators, gravitational units, loaders, cranes. In private construction, simpler devices are usually used: blocks, hoists, winches and jacks. Some means are capable of moving the load only vertically, while others, if necessary, are pulled up and horizontally, and even diagonally.

The gain on the rise is equal to the loss

The first assistant at a construction site is a block, a wheel with a rope running along the groove or groove of the rim. The device allows you to raise and lower the load with less effort. I fixed the axis of the block higher, and pull the rope, lift bricks, mortar, and so on to the platform, using your muscles and leaning on with all your weight.

However, in this way, 100 kg is already difficult to pull up. Here the pulley block comes to the rescue - a device consisting of several blocks.

Polyspast gives a gain in strength at the expense of a loss in distance. That is, when a heavy load needs to be lifted on a rope to the level of the second floor by means of a chain hoist, the same amount of effort will be expended as when lifting half of this load, but to the level of the third floor. When it comes to heavy weights, of the order of a centner and above, the pulley block, also known as the power unit, becomes indispensable.

Chain link construction

The simplest pulley block consists of two blocks connected by one rope. One end of it is fixed on the upper beam, then the rope goes through the groove of the lower movable block, then the upper fixed block. The fixed block, attached to the beam, allows convenient pulling on the free end of the rope.

The lower movable block holds the load, like on a swing, on two ropes. Lifting requires half as much force as the weight being lifted. The effect is obtained by doubling the length of the rope that will have to be pulled.

A chain-link consisting of two movable and two fixed blocks, combined in pairs, already gives a quadruple gain in strength, etc. There are other ways to connect blocks. For example, connecting several mobile units in series with one fixed unit gives a more substantial gain in strength. There is no need to make such lifting devices with your own hands, they are commercially available.

Choosing a hoist

Hand chain hoist... a small-sized lifting device allows you to lift loads weighing up to 5 tons, using only muscle strength. When choosing, first of all, you should focus on the carrying capacity. By the way, there are hoists with a built-in power unit - a chain hoist - and without it.

Of course, when choosing a hoist, one must take into account the tasks at hand. In mechanical models, chain lengths range from 1.5 to 12 m, so lifting height matters. Also, of course, the weight of the hoist itself is important, which determines not only the possibility of its installation on a beam, but also the convenience of transportation. The lightweight lever hand hoists weigh up to 20 kg. And the purchase of a carriage for the hoist gives an opportunity for some maneuver. The carriage is suspended on an I-beam and moves the hoist along it with the load in the horizontal plane.

Wiggle or pull

The manual hoist has a modest size and consists of a drum with a wound cable, a transmission mechanism and a drive.

According to the type of transmission mechanism, hoists are subdivided into worm and gear... It is worth noting that the worm gear gives a greater gain in strength, but due to the friction of the parts, it breaks more often. The gear mechanism proved to be more reliable.

By the type of the drive mechanism, there are lever and chain hoists... In the case of a lever drive, lifting occurs by means of the oscillating movements of the drive arm, carried out manually. The chain hoist has two chains, traction and load. The device is suspended from a beam, the slings are attached to the hook, and the worker pulls the traction chain until the load is raised to the desired height. A feature of modern designs is a new patented mechanism that allows the worker to stay away from the load being lifted.

Electric traction

Nowadays, in lifting equipment, along with muscle strength, electric traction is also widely used, it allows you to save physical strength for other work. The speed of transportation with the use of electric lifting equipment is much higher than with manual labor, which leads to a significant reduction in construction time. However, with small volumes of work, the cost of lifting devices powered by the network may not be adequate to the resulting gain. And not always there is electricity on the construction site, at least with an excess of capacity.

Winch force

The so-called "swing" (moving the load by dragging) gave the name to the device of the same name. But by hanging a modern winch, it can also be used for lifting loads.

On sale you will find several options for manual winches at once - drum, lever, with mounting and traction mechanism ... Whatever traction mechanism is at the heart of the manual winch device, the selection criteria are always the same - lifting capacity and cable length. Sometimes winches are sold without a cable, then in the characteristics they indicate such a parameter as cable capacity. An important parameter is the tractive effort, which shows the capabilities of the device for the horizontal movement of loads. Typically, the pulling force is greater than the lifting capacity.

Hand drum winch

The simplest version of the winch design consists of a body, two plain bearings, a drum with a cable and a drive handle. The gain in strength occurs through the use of an unequal lever, the gate. If a conventional lever lifts the load to the stroke of the shoulder, then the gate raises the load to the available length of the cable. The arm of the force of such a winch is the distance from the axis to the handle, the shoulder of the load is the distance from the axis to the rope winding circle. One shoulder can be 2-3 times longer than the other, and accordingly this will be a gain in strength. According to the type of transmission, drum winches are divided into gear and worm gear. A feature of their use is the need to attach them to a solid base.

Hand lever winch

The lever winch also has a drum on which the cable is wound, although this drum is of a smaller diameter. But this is not the main difference. The drive for winding the cable onto the drum is carried out here by means of a ratchet mechanism (or ratchet), that is, when the handle-lever is swinging.

These devices are compact, convenient for working in hard-to-reach places. Another plus of them is that no rigid fixation of the case is required. But there is also a "minus" for lever winches - they are significantly inferior to other models in the length of the cable.

Winch with mounting and pulling mechanism (МТМ)

The winch with MTM does not have a drum. The cable is passed through its entire body, and both ends go out. Inside, there are special cams that move the cable and create the necessary force when swinging the lever handle.

Such a thing is interesting for its versatility. Hooking the winch body with a hook for any stationary structure, with the help of such a device, you can move loads by dragging along a horizontal or inclined plane. To lift weights, the winch with an MTM is attached to the beam. And the device is also suitable for dismantling work (for example, demolishing structures) or even uprooting stumps. The disadvantage of MTM winches is increased sensitivity to abrasive wear, therefore contamination of the mechanism leads to its rapid failure.

Two words about the jack

In construction, various types of jacks are used to raise and lower loads to a low height. So, mounting rack jacks can have several gear stages and are characterized by high carrying capacity. In addition, thanks to a narrow grip or canine, they are able to lift directly from the surface of the earth.

Screw jacks have the least capacity to hold loads, but a large lifting height. One of the varieties of a screw jack - a shrinkage compensator - is used to regulate the correct shrinkage of a chopped house.

In a hydraulic jack, the lifting of the load occurs due to the pressure of the fluid exerted on the piston. The pressure is generated by a pump, which requires less muscular effort and a smoother ascent rate.

Below are other entries on the topic "How to do it yourself - a householder!"

Lifting loads without special equipment - how to calculate and make a chain hoist with your own hands

Lifting machines are designed to help a person lift something heavy to a height. At the heart of most lifting mechanisms is a simple block system - a chain hoist. He was already familiar to Archimedes, but now many do not know about this ingenious invention. Remembering the physics course, find out how such a mechanism works, its structure and field of application. Having understood the classification, you can proceed to the calculation. To make it work - your attention is the instructions for constructing a simple model.

The invention of the chain hoist gave a huge impetus to the development of civilizations. The block system helped build huge structures, many of which have survived to this day and are bewildering to modern builders. Shipbuilding was also improved, people were able to travel great distances. It's time to figure out what it is - a chain hoist and find out where you can find its use today.

Simplicity and efficiency of the mechanism

The classic pulley block is a mechanism that consists of two main elements:

The simplest scheme: 1 - movable block, 2 - fixed, 3 - rope

The pulley is a metal wheel that has a special groove for the cable along the outer edge. A conventional cable or rope can be used as a flexible connection. If the load is heavy enough, synthetic fiber ropes or steel ropes and even chains are used. In order for the pulley to rotate easily, without jumps and jamming, roller bearings are used. All elements that move are lubricated.

One pulley is called a block. Polyspast is a system of blocks for lifting loads. The blocks in the lifting mechanism can be fixed (rigidly fixed) and movable (when the axis changes position during operation). One part of the chain hoist is attached to a fixed support, the other to the load. Movable rollers are located on the side of the load.

The role of the fixed block is to change the direction of movement of the rope and the action of the applied force. The role of the mobile is to gain strength.

The principle of operation of a chain hoist is similar to a lever: the effort that must be applied becomes several times less, while the work is performed in the same volume. The role of the lever is played by the cable. In the work of the chain hoist, the gain in strength is important, so the resulting loss in distance is not taken into account.

Depending on the construction of the chain hoist, the power gain may be different. The simplest mechanism of two pulleys gives approximately two-fold gain, from three - three-fold, and so on. The increase in distance is calculated according to the same principle. For the operation of a simple chain hoist, a cable is needed twice as long as the lifting height, and if a complex of four blocks is used, then the length of the cable increases in direct proportion to four times.

How the block system works

Polyspast is a faithful assistant in a warehouse, in production, in the transport sector. It is used wherever it is necessary to use force to move all kinds of goods. The system is widely used in construction.

Despite the fact that most of the heavy work is performed by construction equipment (crane), the chain hoist has found a place in the design of load-handling mechanisms. The block system (pulley block) is a component of such lifting mechanisms as a winch, hoist, construction equipment (cranes of various types, a bulldozer, an excavator).

In addition to the construction industry, pulley blocks are widely used in the organization of rescue operations. The principle of operation remains the same, but the design is slightly modified. The rescue equipment is made of a strong rope, carabiners are used. For devices of this purpose, it is important that the entire system is quickly assembled and does not require additional mechanisms.

Polyspast as part of a crane hook

There are many versions of one idea - a system of blocks connected by a rope. They are differentiated depending on the method of application and design features. Get to know the different types of lifts, find out what their purpose is and how the device differs.

Depending on the complexity of the mechanism, there are

An example of even models

A simple pulley block is a system of rollers connected in series. All movable and fixed blocks, as well as the load itself, are united by one cable. Differentiate even and odd simple pulley blocks.

Even-numbered are those lifting mechanisms whose end of the cable is attached to a fixed support - the station. All combinations in this case will be considered even. And if the end of the rope is attached directly to the load or to the place where the force is applied, this structure and all its derivatives will be called odd.

Odd pulley scheme

A complex chain hoist can be called a chain hoist system. In this case, not individual blocks are connected in series, but whole combinations, which may well be used by themselves. Roughly speaking, in this case, one mechanism sets in motion another similar one.

The complex pulley block does not apply to one or the other type. Its distinctive feature is rollers moving towards the load. The complex model can include both simple and complex pulley blocks.

Combining a double and six-fold simple chain hoist gives a complex six-fold option

Depending on what they want to get when using a chain hoist, they are divided into:

A - power option, B - high-speed

The power option is used more often. As the name suggests, its job is to provide a power win. Since significant gains require equally significant losses in distance, losses in speed are inevitable. For example, for a 4: 1 system, when lifting a load one meter, you need to pull 4 meters of rope, which slows down the work.

The high-speed pulley block by its principle is a reverse power structure. It does not give a gain in strength, its goal is speed. It is used to speed up work at the expense of the applied effort.

The main indicator that is paid attention to when organizing the lifting of loads is the multiplicity of the chain hoist. This parameter conventionally indicates how many times the mechanism allows you to win in strength. In fact, the multiplicity shows how many branches of the rope the weight of the load is distributed over.

The multiplicity is divided into kinematic (equal to the number of bends in the rope) and power, which is calculated taking into account the overcoming of the friction force by the cable and imperfect efficiency of the rollers. The reference books contain tables that show the dependence of the power ratio on the kinematic ratio at different efficiency of the units.

As can be seen from the table, the power ratio differs significantly from the kinematic one. With a low roller efficiency (94%), the actual gain in the power of a 7: 1 chain hoist will be less than the gain of a six-fold chain hoist with a block efficiency of 96%.

Polyspast schemes of different multiplicity

Despite the fact that theoretically the design of the chain hoist is extremely simple, in practice it is not always clear how to lift the load using blocks. How to understand what multiplicity is needed, how to find out the efficiency of the lift and each block separately. In order to find answers to these questions, you need to perform calculations.

The calculation of the chain hoist must be performed due to the fact that the working conditions are far from ideal. Friction forces act on the mechanism as a result of the movement of the cable along the pulley, as a result of the rotation of the roller itself, no matter what bearings are used.

In addition, flexible and pliable rope is rarely used on the construction site and in construction equipment. A steel rope or chain is much more rigid. Since additional effort is required to bend such a cable when running onto the block, it must also be taken into account.

For the calculation, the equation of moments for the pulley relative to the axis is derived:

S run R = S run R + q S run R + Nfr (1)

Formula 1 shows the moments of such forces:

• Sbeg - effort from the side of the running rope;
• S run - the effort from the side of the oncoming rope;
• q S run - the effort for bending / unbending the rope, taking into account its rigidity q;
• Nf is the friction force in the block, taking into account the friction coefficient f.

To determine the moment, all forces are multiplied by the shoulder - the radius of the block R or the radius of the sleeve r.

The force of the incoming and outgoing rope arises as a result of the interaction and friction of the rope threads. Since the force for bending / unbending the cable is significantly less than the others, when calculating the effect on the axis of the block, this value is often neglected:

N = 2 S run × sinα (2)

In this equation:

• N - impact on the pulley axis;
• S run - the effort from the side of the oncoming rope (taken approximately equal to S run;
• α is the angle of deviation from the axis.

As you know, efficiency is the coefficient of efficiency, that is, how effective the work performed was. It is calculated as the ratio of completed and expended work. In the case of a pulley block, the formula is applied:

ηb = S run / S run = 1 / (1 + q + 2fsinα × d / D) (3)

• 3 ηb - unit efficiency;
• d and D - respectively, the diameter of the sleeve and the pulley itself;
• q - coefficient of rigidity of flexible connection (rope);
• f is the coefficient of friction;
• α is the angle of deviation from the axis.

It can be seen from this formula that the efficiency is influenced by the structure of the block (through the coefficient f), its size (through the ratio d / D) and the material of the rope (coefficient q). The maximum efficiency can be obtained using bronze bushings and rolling bearings (up to 98%). Plain bearings provide up to 96% efficiency.

The diagram shows all the forces S on different branches of the rope

The lifting mechanism consists of several blocks. The total efficiency of the pulley block is not equal to the arithmetic sum of all the individual components. For the calculation, a much more complex formula is used, or rather, a system of equations, where all forces are expressed through the value of the primary S0 and the efficiency of the mechanism:

Efficiency of the chain hoist at different multiplicity

Since the efficiency value is always less than 1, with each new block and equation in the system, the value of Sn will rapidly decrease. The total efficiency of the chain hoist will depend not only on ηb, but also on the number of these blocks - the multiplicity of the system. According to the table, ηп can be found for systems with a different number of units at different values ​​of the efficiency of each.

In construction, during installation work, it is far from always possible to fit a crane. Then the question arises of how to lift the load with the rope. And here a simple pulley block finds its application. For its manufacture and full-fledged work, you need to make calculations, drawings, choose the right rope and blocks.

Different schemes of simple and complex lifts

Before proceeding with the construction of a chain hoist with your own hands, you need to carefully study the drawings and choose a suitable scheme for yourself. You should rely on how it will be more convenient for you to place the structure, what blocks and cable are available.

It happens that the lifting capacity of the pulley blocks is not enough, and there is no time and opportunity to build a complex multiple lifting mechanism. Then they use double pulley blocks, which are a combination of two single ones. This device can also be used to lift the load in such a way that it moves strictly vertically, without distortions.

Drawings of the double model in different variations

The most important role in building a chain hoist with your own hands is played by a rope. It is important that it does not stretch. These ropes are called static ropes. Stretching and deformation of the flexible connection results in a serious loss of work efficiency. For a homemade mechanism, a synthetic cable is suitable, the thickness depends on the weight of the load.

The material and quality of the blocks are indicators that will provide the calculated lifting capacity to the self-made lifting devices. Depending on the bearings that are installed in the block, its efficiency changes and this is already taken into account in the calculations.

But how to raise a load to a height with your own hands and not drop it? To secure the load against possible reverse movement, you can install a special fixing block that allows the rope to move in only one - the desired direction.

The roller along which the rope moves

When the rope and blocks are ready, the scheme is selected, and the calculation is made, you can start assembling. For a simple double chain hoist you will need:

• roller - 2 pcs.;
• bearings;
• bushing - 2 pcs.;
• holder for the block - 2 pcs.;
• rope;
• hook for hanging the load;
• slings - if they are needed for installation.

For quick connection, use carabiners

The step-by-step lifting of the load to a height is carried out as follows:

1. Connect the rollers, bush and bearings. Combine it all into a cage. Get a block.
2. The rope is launched into the first block;
3. The holder with this block is rigidly attached to a fixed support (reinforced concrete beam, pillar, wall, specially mounted stem, etc.);
4. Then the end of the rope is passed through the second block (movable).
5. A hook is attached to the clip.
6. The free end of the rope is fixed.
7. They strap the load to be lifted and connect it to the chain hoist.

The homemade hoist is ready to use and will give you double the power wins. Now, to raise the load to a height, it is enough to pull on the end of the rope. By bending around both rollers, the rope will lift the load effortlessly.

If you attach an electric winch to the homemade mechanism that you build according to this instruction, you get a real do-it-yourself crane. Now, to lift the load, you do not have to strain at all, the winch will do everything for you.

Even a hand winch will make lifting the load more comfortable - no need to wash your hands on the rope and worry about the rope slipping out of your hands. In any case, turning the winch handle is much easier.

Winch polyspast

In principle, even outside the construction site, the ability to build an elementary chain hoist for a winch in field conditions with a minimum of tools and materials is a very useful skill. It will be especially appreciated by motorists who are lucky enough to get stuck in a car somewhere in an impassable place. A hastily made chain hoist will significantly increase the productivity of the winch.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the chain hoist in the development of modern construction and mechanical engineering. Everyone should understand the principle of operation and visually imagine its design. Now you are not afraid of situations when you need to lift a load, but there is no special equipment. Multiple pulleys, rope and ingenuity make it unnecessary to use a crane.

What is an electrician's set: devices and tools for electrical installation

Very often the farm needs some kind of device, which is usually expensive to buy, and it is irrational, because it does not take long.
Therefore, if you have hands, it's a good idea to make homemade mechanisms.
For example, a concrete mixer. And it is needed every few years, and without it nowhere - it is hard and long to interfere in a trough with a shovel.
A very good option is homemade hand concrete mixer.
The basis of the concrete mixer is an iron two-hundred-liter barrel. On both sides of the barrel, two half-shafts of water pipes are welded. The axis of rotation passes through the barrel diagonally - when the barrel rotates, the cement-sand mixture flows not only from top to bottom, but also from left to right.
On one edge (so that the whole mixture is thrown out without a residue), a hermetically sealed hatch from an iron flask is welded. On one side (or both), the axle shaft is made in the form of a gate to manually turn the barrel.

The axle shafts are fixed on a frame made of corners or pipes in bearing assemblies.
The dry weight of the mixer allows two people to manually load it into a truck trailer or car body.
The algorithm of the concrete mixer is elementary. The barrel pivots to the top hatch position. Buckets are filled with the required amount of sand and cement (already known from experience), water is poured. The hatch is locked with a bracket. Fifteen times in one direction, fifteen in the other - the concrete is ready.
The readiness of the concrete mix can be determined by ear by the characteristic rolling sounds. Strength is not required very much for one person. When the handles are made on both sides, you can twist the barrel together.
The barrel is placed in the position of the hatch from above, the hatch opens. By slowly turning the barrel, pour the ready-made concrete mixture into a bucket or other container.
If desired, an electric drive can be easily adapted to this design.
In one of the options presented, the drive is chain through a gearbox. An electric motor power of about 1 kW is quite enough.
Another interesting device is manual homemade snow blower.
The process of shoveling snow inside the estate requires a good wide shovel, and the improvement of the shovel logically translates into a similar device.

It turns out to be a cross between a shovel and a grader. Initially, the snow blower was operated on wheels, but practice has shown that skis are more comfortable.
The knife is beveled with a blade to the right. The structure is mainly made of aluminum tubes, so it is lightweight. The height of the blade while shoveling snow can be adjusted by the position of the handle of the snow blower. The arc handle allows you to row with both hands, which is very convenient.

Jib light cranes with a lifting capacity within 1 ton cannot be dispensed with in the implementation of various electrical, installation and construction works. Thanks to their design, it is possible to install devices in various openings of a building or on ceilings, as well as move them for convenient use. They are easy to assemble and install, and if necessary, they can be quickly disassembled into their constituent elements and transferred to a suitable place.

The use of such structures is rational in the absence of the possibility of operating other types of PMG. There are many types of cranes with different designs. They are subdivided into stationary and mobile. Boom devices are equipped with one electric drive mechanism for moving the load. The crane is operated by manual control.

Construction mini crane

You can independently create a variety of tools and devices that are so necessary in construction and other types of work. Despite the fact that a mini-crane, made by hand, is characterized by a limited transportable load weight (no more than 250 kg), such a design will simplify the implementation of most of the construction work.

The main task is to select all the tools and parts necessary for the creation and subsequent operation. The weight of the assembly can be up to 300 kg, depending on the materials used. At the same time, it has compact dimensions and the ability to move without preliminary disassembly using a car.

do it yourself: assembly

With the help of a worm-based gearbox, a cargo winch is formed. It can also provide the creation of a manual drive that simplifies the assembly of the boom winch. The building supports are the basis for the screw outriggers. All the elements presented above form the basis of the design. In addition, winch drums are needed. It should be noted that not everyone can make their own production, since the process is complex and laborious, as well as the need for specialized equipment and experience in carrying out such work.

The way out of the situation is the rotors from the electric motor, which can be used as a basis, and significantly simplify the task. Particular attention should be paid to the consistency of the dimensions of the elements used and the future device. For this, additional measurements are made using a ruler.

Additional elements

For ease of movement, the platform is equipped with wheels. Items from the conveyor carriage may come in handy. In the course of creating a structure, do not forget about this addition, since it is thanks to it that the simplest crane, assembled with its own hands, moves. To do this, you only need to remove the outrigger support elements, which does not cause any particular difficulties and is done in a short time. It is important to observe safety precautions, in particular, the boom must be set to zero level to prevent loss of balance and the fall of the crane.

Peculiarities

The optimum boom height is 5 meters. For its manufacture, a pipe with a diameter of about 8 cm is used. The profile from two corners is mounted into the base. You also need to create a pivot mechanism for turning and lifting the boom; for this, an automobile hub from any cargo vehicle is suitable. No special materials are needed for the counterweight, since standard bricks can be used for them. You can create a crane with your own hands on the basis of tracked tracks and a bed. The last element can be taken from an unused machine.

It is worth noting that there is no need for a brake for the slewing mechanism and the winch, since it is not needed during the operation of the crane, and the operation of the finished device will be carried out at low speed.

Design advantages

Suitable for the formation of an outrigger support structure and a common base. For the latter, according to experts, it will be optimal to use a channel for 200. The length of the thrust screws should be within 50 cm, due to which the crane can be mounted on any surface, including with a large number of irregularities, with its own hands. Thus, there is no need to prepare the site on which the building is being built.

Difficulties sometimes arise with wheels, since on loose soil they can turn badly and burrow into it. Therefore, it is desirable to carry out work on solid ground. After completion of construction, the structure is disassembled into its constituent elements for storage.

What can be done for a garage

When self-repairing a car, it is often necessary to remove the engine, so many car owners are wondering how to make a crane with their own hands. The simplest option is a hoist, which requires a hand winch, triangular struts with wheels, and a cross tube.

On the upper part of the racks, the pipe fasteners are fixed by welding. It is welded to the vertical post and the rollers are mounted on the beam, later they are used to move the cable. In this case, it is not necessary to purchase a winch, since you can make this structure yourself.

Such a device will not clutter up the space, it can be disassembled, and separately the transverse beam and supports will not take up much space. A crane created for a garage with its own hands is capable of lifting and moving a load weighing no more than 800 kg. Its main advantage is the absence of the need to purchase expensive materials.

Lift

As noted earlier, you can make your own winch. This will require a drum equipped with a cable; it must be fixed on a structure made of pipes with a square cross section. The small chain sprocket is electrically driven and the large sprocket is at the edge of the drum. To create a hand winch, the shaft equipped with a drum is complemented by a handle.

To replace and repair most of the parts in the car, an overpass or pit is required; in their absence, you can use a lift. Despite the existing risks when working with such a device, its creation is justified by economic benefits and practical benefits.

An overhead crane trolley, assembled with a winch with its own hands, is the simplest option, while the machine is installed on platforms after being raised to the desired height. There is also a scissor design, which is distinguished by the absence of the possibility of breaking the cable, which cannot be guaranteed by the previous version.

Scissor crane

The base and platform of the scissor lift are made of channels. Two-piece distributor, pump, bushings, and shears are required.

A self-made UAZ crane is capable of lifting loads weighing more than 500 kg. It can also be removed upon completion of work. The main purpose of the device is to fix the retractable supports. The base of the structure is made of a thick-walled square, fixed to the frame with several bolts. Retractable pores hold onto the bumper and lift the rear of the vehicle.

Crane "Pioneer"

The mechanism makes it possible to simplify the implementation of many repair and construction works, as well as to ensure the implementation of actions that cannot be performed without additional lifting devices. The structure is suitable for loads with different volumes and sizes, while it can be installed on the ceilings of erected houses, in pits and on the roof.

Among the main components, it is worth noting a swing and support frame, a control panel. The device does not cause difficulties in the process of use and the application of significant physical efforts. Management is within the power of every person, even those who do not have the appropriate experience.

Many owners of private houses and summer cottages are engaged in the creation of lifting structures. Their spread is due to the fact that each part of the mechanism, regardless of its complexity, can be performed in the desired way and with the necessary functionality. In addition to moving heavy loads such as monolithic blocks, these cranes can transport light items to great heights.

Unfortunately, the creation of hydraulic devices, as a rule, is not possible. But, despite this, the crane (with its own hands), the photo of which is presented below, is easy to operate and has sufficient lifting capacity.

Assembling the crane "Pioneer"

Many details can be found, surprisingly, in a landfill. For a homemade mechanism, the main components are a rectangular pipe and an I-beam. In this case, it is important that the latter fits easily in the pipe. To create a telescopic unit for an I-beam, sliding guides are made. It should be noted that they must be lubricated with special compounds to reduce the degree of friction.

For the operation of the device, cables with a small diameter are also required. These can be purchased at a hardware store. A channel is often used to secure the pivot and support frames. It also provides a snug fit to any surface. As a rule, it is the roof of a building under construction. In accordance with safety rules, it is required to make a rectangular platform as ballast, while it will reduce the likelihood of problems while the crane, assembled by hand, is in operation. An electric motor connected to the winch is used to start the lifting process.