You can insulate the walls of your house both from the inside and outside. But a zealous owner will always give preference to systems with an external insulation. Code of Rules SP 23-101-2004 "Design of thermal protection" reads: "It is not recommended to use thermal insulation from the inside." In addition, at least three more arguments can be named in favor of such a decision:

The wet facade method involves the following stages of work:

1. Preparatory process.
2. Wall insulation with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene from the outside of the building.
3. Applying a layer of adhesive mixture to the surface of the insulation, followed by laying on it a reinforcing, alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh.
4. Plastering the surface.
5. The finishing layer of finishing material.

Outwardly, the "wet facade" in the photo looks like this:

Thermal insulation of the facade using the "wet facade" technology

You will learn about the technology of laying this method of insulation a little later, and in this section I would like to note its advantages and disadvantages.

The effective method of "wet facade" has established itself as one of the cheapest, included in the "TOP-3 Inexpensive facades", you can read about this in the article, therefore it is used everywhere. But in order for the listed advantages to only please you, you must follow the technology, choose high-quality material and comply with the necessary conditions when performing work.

Types of facades and their scope

"Wet façade" is a plaster finish that is used to insulate administrative buildings, residential buildings, office, commercial and industrial buildings. This type of facade is suitable for both low-rise and high-rise construction.

The outer walls of the building can be insulated in two ways. One of them is called "Dry facade", and the other is "Wet facade". When installing the first type of facing, there is no need to use various solutions and compositions that have a liquid consistency. This type of facade finishing includes all types of ventilated facades, which you can learn about in the article "". Due to the available space, the insulation is ventilated, the material is not moistened.

As for the second method, the "wet facade", or wet facade plaster, has nothing to do with humidification. The name implies that the heat insulator will be mounted on the wall, and then the surface will be plastered with special solutions.

In the process of work, plaster and adhesives are used, which are diluted with water, therefore the method is called "wet facade".

Classification of facade systems with external thin plaster layers according to GOST R 53786-2010 “Composite thermal insulation facade systems with external plaster layers. Terms and Definitions", presented in the table:

Wet Facade Technology

All technological phases are performed at a temperature not less than + 5 ° С and not higher than + 25 ° С according to SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings". The quality of the work performed and the service life depend on the accuracy of the conditions fulfilled.

By violating the temperature regime and using materials that are not intended for the "wet facade" system, you risk getting a cracked coating or crumbling plaster.

Do not forget about your safety, because the work will be carried out at a height. You will most likely use forests, according to SNiP 12-03-2001 "Safety in construction" Part 1 their installation is carried out in tiers, and the height of each tier must be at least 2 m. The step, depending on the height, can be a multiple of 0.5; 1 and 2 m. The scaffolding walls are exposed at a distance of 300–400 mm from the outer plane.

Preparatory work

It is necessary to start work by inspecting the surface and visually determining its strength and bearing capacity. If there are influxes from the solution on the wall, remove the excess with a hammer or other improvised tool, and seal the cracks with mortar.

According to the standards SNiPa 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings" the substrate must be firm, rough, clean and open-pored. Differences of more than 10 mm must be eliminated.

Suppose there is a small section of 200 x 200 mm on the wall, concave by a couple of centimeters, and if you close it with insulation, then a void will form in this place. An accidental blow to the finished facade in this place will break the insulation. Laying the slab on protruding places is also fraught with an internal material defect.

If, running your palm over the surface, you see a "chalk trail" on your hand or something like fine sand is falling from the wall - clean the wall more thoroughly. Sometimes you have to completely plaster the base.

We will clean the treated surface of dirt and prime it with a special compound called "Primer", this intermediate layer will improve the physical and technical characteristics of the base. We do this with a roller or a wide paint brush.

The foam primer should only be used on foam plastic and not on mineral wool boards.

If the surface strongly absorbs the composition, then apply the primer 2 times. This operation will increase the adhesion of the substrate and reduce the pulling off of water from the adhesive mixture.

Insulation installation

Using the "wet plaster" method, it is necessary to understand that most of the load will fall on the insulation layer. We offer a drawing that clearly shows the design of this technology with the use of decorative plaster as a finishing layer.

"Wet facade"

Therefore, the choice and installation of insulating material to the wall surface is a crucial moment when installing a "wet facade".

The choice of the material used in the work depends on the following indicators:

The technology of production of works on the device of the "wet facade" allows the use of a synthetic polymer group of heaters, mineral thermal insulation materials and their combination. Materials must comply GOST: 10140-2003. “Thermal insulation boards made of mineral wool on a bitumen binder. Specifications ", 16136-2003" Perlite-bitumen heat-insulating plates. Specifications ", 22950-95" Mineral wool slabs of increased rigidity on a synthetic binder. Technical conditions ".

The thickness of the heat insulator is chosen depending on the existing standards of heat engineering of buildings and structures, which are prescribed in SNiPe 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings". It says here that to insulate facades for residential premises, you should use expanded polystyrene with a thickness of 10–250 mm or a mineral wool plate of 25–180 mm.

Taking into work extruded polystyrene foam, which has a smooth surface, you should make it rough. To do this, you can buy a factory planer for aerated concrete, as in the photo, or make a homemade plane from a metal profile pierced with nails.

For work, purchase the tools necessary to complete the construction process:

• building level;
• hammer;
• perforator with dowel attachments (most often D8);
• electric drill;
• profile cutter;
• spatula: 80–100 mm and 350 mm;
• container for diluting the adhesive composition;
• construction mixer;
• notched trowel, tooth size 8–10 mm, made of stainless steel;
• smooth edge trowel;
• grater with sandpaper or mesh;
• long wooden scraper;
• wide brush, surface primer roller;
• construction knife for cutting mesh;
• polyurethane float 300–400 mm for structure formation.

The approximate consumption of materials is shown in the table:

The fastening of the insulation begins from the basement of the building to its roof, within one vertical grip, and is performed in the following chronology:

1. Fastening the basement profile The bottom of the insulating layer is protected from mechanical damage by means of a basement profile, which is installed above the basement by 400–600 mm using a level. It also holds the lower (first) row of the insulator, and the profiled drip wicks away raindrops. Plinth profiles with their dimensions are suitable for various thicknesses of thermal insulation material, they correspond to GOST 22233-2001 “Extruded profiles from aluminum alloys for translucent enclosing structures. Technical conditions " and the slab must fit into them exactly - without gaps. In the wall we drill holes for dowels, at least 3 pcs per 1 m of the profile. We lean the profile against the wall, insert plastic dowels into the holes and use a hammer to drive it into the wall. Sometimes polyethylene backing washers are used for lining between the profile and the wall.
   

   The location of the plinth profile in the installed form should be in one line, at the joints there are no overlaps or deformation of the part.

   When the profile continues along the adjacent base, then it is cut off at an angle of 45 °. In houses with basements and technical underground, polystyrene foam plates must overlap the end of the plate not less than 200 mm from the lower mark of the overlap of the first floor and basement.

   

2. Coating the insulation surface with an adhesive solution You can find out which expanded polystyrene is best for you in the article "", and for its installation we use a cement-based adhesive solution, but only for outdoor work. The adhesive solution is prepared by hand using a construction electric mixer. How to do this is written on the packaging. Fill the container with water in the amount of 5–5.5 liters per 25 kg of the mixture and slowly pour the dry solution out of the bag, stir the contents thoroughly at low speed. You should get a homogeneous mass, leave it for 10 minutes, and then stir again. The adhesive composition must be mixed until a homogeneous mass without lumps and remember that it retains its properties only for 4 hours.

   Apply the adhesive mass to the boards in strips of 30–40 mm in width at a distance of about 30 mm from the edge, so that during installation it will not squeeze out beyond the edges of the material. In the central part of the slab, we apply about 6–8 slides, 30–40 mm thick. We select the amount of solution in such a way that more than half of the surface of the insulation has contact with the base through it. The strip of glue along the contour should have breaks; we make them with a spatula, thus eliminating the formation of air jams.

   

3. Gluing the insulation to the base After applying the glue, immediately apply the slab to the wall, the long side of which lies horizontally, fixing it with blows of a fist through a long wooden scraper, or with a mallet. At the same time, we control the vertical and horizontal position of the slab with a level. We immediately remove the glue squeezed out of the insulation contour.
   

   Do not press the heat insulator repeatedly or move it even after a few minutes. If it is not glued correctly, gently tear it off, remove the mortar, only then reapply the mass to the plate and press it to the surface.

   We lay the slabs in a horizontal pattern, from bottom to top, keeping the staggered arrangement of the order of the seams, and “overlap” at the corners. At the corners we use a "gear" gearing.

   First, a slab is laid with a corresponding protrusion on one wall, and then another is applied to it. The strip that remains is cut off.

   Vertical and horizontal seams should not be more than 2 mm. If it turns out that they are much larger, you cannot completely fill them with solution. A narrow strip of insulation must be inserted into the gap and pressed into the seam, no longer using an adhesive composition. When the gap is small and it is impossible to insert heat-insulating material into it, experts recommend expanding it and inserting the insulation with effort, but without using an adhesive solution, but using polyurethane foam.

   It is better to use a toothed float for laying the glue on the insulation, this method guarantees a clean joint and ensures uniform adhesion of the insulation to the glued surface with the ability to level the sheet along the plane.

   Insulating the slopes from the outside, we use insulation with a thickness of at least 30 mm. We cut the expanded polystyrene plate 5 mm less than the width of the slope, or before gluing it from the insulation we cut out a wedge (8-10 mm) and fill the gap between the insulator and the frame with silicone mastic.

   When insulating slopes, the slabs should protrude 10 mm beyond the slope, thus it is very convenient to join the main facade insulation.

   At the corners, the slabs are mounted with bandaging the seams. You should also pay attention to the adjoining of the heat insulator to the under-roof lining, because this place especially requires protection from mechanical stress and moisture getting under the slabs. For this, the edge of the insulating material is reinforced with another layer of reinforcing mesh, as for window and door openings, the insulating layer is protected from above with a cornice strip.

   

4. Leveling the surface of the insulation All irregularities of the glued insulation must be smoothed off with a float with sandpaper. This is done only after the glue has hardened, 2 days after gluing the plates. Use a grater to make circular motions with slight pressure.

   

5. Fastening the insulation to the wall with dowels After 2 days, when the glue has already set, we proceed to fasten the insulation to the base mechanically - with special dowels with wide caps. We select a site and use a puncher to drill holes in it with a Ø 10 mm drill, 15–20 mm in depth, longer than the length of the dowel. Otherwise, the debris falling into the hole will not allow the tip to be driven in. We calculate the length of the fungus according to the following scheme: thickness of the insulating material + 10 mm (thickness of other layers) + 40-50 mm into the wall. Suppose if the insulation is 50 mm thick, then the dowel length will be 110 mm, i.e. 50 + 10 + 50. The length of the hole will be 130 mm: 110 + 20, which means that the length of the drill is a little more than 130 mm. Place the holes on the sheets: at the joints and in the center. In total, 5 fungi will go on the sheet. You can do more, if necessary. Regardless of the location of the dowels on the slabs within the same plane of the plot, the sheets are nailed 50-100 mm from their edge. Now we drive spacer tips into the dowels, if it is difficult to hammer them to the end, pull out the dowel, deepen the hole and re-hammer the tip.

   It is worth remembering that for work, you should buy a dowel with a thermal head. Otherwise, rust stains may appear on the facade over time. The dowel rod itself is metal, its spacer zone is located in brickwork or concrete, therefore, the metal rod is a cold bridge and can rust over time, and the thermal head will protect the facade from such a problem.

   

A properly reinforced dowel is considered when its head is in the same plane with the heat-insulating material.

If it is necessary to lay two layers of a heat insulator, then we perform the first layers in the same way as described above, and the second one is glued onto the first, but in such a way that the joints overlap. After grouting the surface, you can drive in the dowels, just choose the right length of the product so that it is enough for the thickness of the insulation and the base.

In the case when the thickness of the insulation is two layers greater than the existing length of the fastener, it is recommended to use assembly adhesive for expanded polystyrene for fastening. If you use ordinary polyurethane foam, you may not achieve a flat surface, because expansion of foam is much more expansion of polystyrene foam assembly adhesive.

Insulation plastering

Before plastering expanded polystyrene or other insulation, it is necessary to perform a number of operations, which can be conditionally divided into 3 stages:

• Surface reinforcement
• Plastering works
• Finishing

Surface reinforcement

The technology of "wet facade" after the installation of the insulation obliges the next stage to reinforce the surface. This function is performed by a fiberglass mesh, finished with a polymer composition to protect the material from alkaline corrosion. According to GOST R 537862010 "Composite thermal insulation facade systems with external plaster layers" reinforcement occurs by "sinking" it into the base composition during its application.

Fiberglass mesh is an industrial grade material in which strands are held together in perpendicular directions to form cells. All products must comply GOST R 55225-2012 “Fiberglass mesh for front reinforcing alkali-resistant. Technical conditions ".

A fiberglass mesh with a density of 160 to 220 g / m 2 is suitable for work. The specified minimum is spelled out in the technical regulations of well-known manufacturers of facade insulation systems: Knauf in the "System of external thermal insulation KNAUF-TEMLAYA WALL", thermal insulation systems Ceresit WM. By purchasing a material with a low density, the developer reduces the reliability and strength of his facade in relation to the tensile forces in the plaster layer.

The mesh will also serve as a reliable base for the next layer of plaster. If you glue a material that does not meet these requirements, then the alkaline solution will dissolve the mesh within several years.

Such material will reliably protect the facade from cracks caused by temperature differences.

The grid should be marked "for external, facade work". According to GOST R 55225-2012 “Fiberglass mesh for front reinforcing alkali-resistant. Technical conditions ", product labeling must be on each roll. By type, depending on the purpose, facade fiberglass meshes are:

• privates - P;
• reinforced - U;
• architectural - A.

The marking of the mesh for the facade (FS) includes: abbreviated designation of the product, its type, nominal mass and width, breaking strength in tension along the warp and weft, designation of the normative standard.

An example is this marking: FSR-160 (110) -2000/2000 GOST R, where

• FS - facade mesh;
• R - private;
• 160 - weight in grams;
• 110 - length in cm

• 2000/2000 - breaking forces on the warp and weft, equal to 2000 N;
• GOST R is the standard.

To fix the mesh, a layer of glue and plaster mixture is required, into which a fiberglass mesh is embedded, which serves as the basis for high-quality plaster. It must match GOST R 54359-2011 "Adhesive compositions, basic plaster, leveling, putty on a cement binder for facade thermal insulation composite systems with external plaster layers"... It is better to start this stage after 72 hours from the moment the heat insulator is glued to the wall. Remember that this must be done not in rainy weather and the air temperature is not lower than + 5 ° С and not higher than + 25 ° С. Do not leave the insulation material uncovered for more than 2 weeks. If, nevertheless, it happened, then before performing the reinforcement, check the quality of the material: clean yellowed plates with a dusty surface with a float or plane. We start working with difficult areas - these are corners and slopes.

Reinforcement of corners

For work, we need a corner made of plastic, since it is chemically inert, and the cement mortar that we use has an alkaline environment. In addition, polymers practically do not corrode and are easy to cut.

Profile marking: UP S-10 x 15 x 2500 stands for the following:

• UP - corner profile;
• C - mesh;
• 10 - width, in mm;
• 15 - length, in mm;
• 2500 - length, in mm.

We start working from the corner of the building. So, before that, it is necessary to put them, both internal and external, in order - to install ready-made perforated plastic corners with a mesh, such are commercially available, we talked about them above. The figure clearly shows the diagram of their location.

Do not forget that the corners should be set professionally, and the insulation should be laid according to the level using the "rule" and thread. We press the corners to the insulation and, using a level, set them horizontally and vertically. The glue protruding through the perforation, which was applied to the surface in advance, is smoothed out, with its help the corner is leveled and fixed.

The process itself is as follows: we apply a mortar with a spatula (200 mm) at an angle (50–70 mm on each side of the corner, with a layer thickness of 2–3 mm). We apply a plastic corner to the corner of the structure, press it to the surface and smooth it with a spatula along the mesh from corner to side, slightly down. It turns out an angle, on each side of which a mesh is glued by 50–70 mm, and another 50–70 mm of mesh on a clean insulation.

If a situation arises that it is necessary to connect two corners together, then we connect them vertically, just do not forget that the joint must be covered from above with a reinforcing mesh, at least 100 millimeters.

Reinforcement of door and window openings

Using the level, we check the slopes again and, if necessary, trim them with a grater. We set the profiles of the abutment with the mesh. In the diagram, you can see the finished construction of the window opening.

We apply a layer of mortar on the slopes, the profile mesh is stretched, embedded in it and smoothed. We do this around the entire perimeter of the opening. Next, we mount the corners and a window sill profile with a glass mesh on the corners of the opening. A little more solution is applied to the corners, so that no air cavities are created under the profiles, and the excess solution will come out through the perforations. Do not forget to control the level of the correct profile setting.

It turns out that one mesh goes over another, they are sunk into the solution and on all 4 corners of the opening at an angle of 45 0 we apply a "kerchief" - a piece of mesh. Outwardly, it will look like this:

Location of the "kerchief"

Stress is created at the corners of the openings and gussets prevent cracks from appearing in these places. This section of work is performed in the same way as the previous ones: a solution is applied to the surface, a mesh is applied, it is embedded with a spatula. Only the "kerchief" must be pressed with force, remove all excess adhesive mixture so that there are no thickenings on the surface.

When the slopes are processed, it is necessary to glue glass mesh strips onto their inner corners, which in width will be equal to the width of the slope, and in length will be 300–400 mm.

Fastening the reinforcing mesh to the insulation

We start moving from the top from the left corner of the site, then downward in diagonal movements in the direction from the center to the sides. From below, we cut off the excess length of the mesh at the level of the basement profile.

It is necessary to apply the glue with a spatula, at least 350 mm. With a smaller tool, apply the mixture to a large one, stretching it along the entire length of the tool, and apply the solution to the insulation. "Ceresit" has proven itself well. The layer should be 2-3 mm. Work should be done in small areas: 90 cm in width and about one meter in height. If there is a 1 m mesh in a roll, then we capture 90 cm and 10 cm remains clean without a mixture, for a joint.

We process only a meter in height: in sunny weather, the solution dries quickly, but you need to have time to apply it, lay the mesh, add the solution and iron the surface with a spatula.

We apply the mesh so that it lies 100 mm in width on a clean section of the insulation. With a spatula, smooth out the area from the center to the edges, down, so that the mesh "sticks" evenly into the mixture. Ideally, when it is completely in the mixture, but its outlines are barely visible.

The mesh is sold in a roll, you need to make a strip of mesh from top to bottom, without cutting, and only join the seams vertically. Starting from the top to make a height of 1.5-2 meters, go down and finish the work.

The principle for joining seams is the same both in the vertical direction and in the horizontal direction. We leave 100 mm of mesh without mortar, it just lies on the heat-insulating material. We coat the next section with the mixture (with the capture of a clean strip), apply a mesh with an overlap of 100 mm and level the area with a spatula. Thus, we get smoother and smoother seams on top.

The mesh must be well stretched, placed in the middle of the layer of adhesive solution, it must come out to the surface and its pattern must not be visible.

If the mesh is not stretched and there are bubbles or folds, it will have to be cut and with an overlap of 100 mm, along the edges of the cutout, stick a new mesh.

Remember that you cannot glue the mesh by laying it on an insulation that has not been treated with an adhesive. With a thin reinforcing layer, cracks will appear on the plaster at the joints of the heat-insulating material. Also, surface deformation may be due to the fact that the reinforcing mesh was laid without overlap or unevenly sunk in the mortar.

After the adhesive has dried, the surface must be primed with a plaster layer (2-3 mm). It will chemically separate the plaster layer from the reinforced layer, reduce absorption, and increase the adhesion of the finishing material. Be sure to make sure that the dowel heads are hidden, and the reinforced layer grabs with its head.

Finishing

A “wet façade” in terms of the exterior of a house offers a wide range of choices. Traditionally it is: textured plaster, "bark beetle", under the "fur coat" and coloring.

But after the surface of the reinforced layer of the facade has dried, it must be sanded. A plastic float with an emery nozzle is suitable for this. Movements should be circular, counterclockwise, with little effort. Grab a small area, at arm's length, so that it is convenient to work with it. Then, on the surface, we carry out the dedusting and priming operation.

Materials for the finishing layer "wet facade"

The decorative coating should not reduce the vapor permeability and hydrophobicity of the protective layer, which means that we choose materials that meet such indicators as:

• high vapor permeability;
• resistance to water and adverse natural factors;
• strength.

It will not be possible to independently prepare a plaster mixture for the facade, since the use of a publicly available solution based on sand and cement is not enough. This requires special components and additives. On sale there is a facade plaster on foam plastic, its analogs, mineral wool. More details about the materials can be found in the article "Finding out what types of facades and for what houses are used: stone, wood, plastered, translucent, composite".

It is worth remembering that it is better not to combine mixtures from different manufacturers. Well-known manufacturers offer their kits of materials, which necessarily include: glue and plaster solutions, primer, facade paint, fasteners. Each composition is selected in such a way that the best combination of strength and durability properties is ensured.

For work, only special compounds for outdoor work are used. You can learn more about them in the article "Facades", here we will talk about plaster mixes for certain types of insulation.

You can plaster the foam outside:

• mineral mixtures;
• acrylic compounds;
• silicone solutions;
• silicate plasters.

The solution for finishing polystyrene, expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam must be specialized, designed specifically for working with synthetic insulation. And remember that prices from different manufacturers differ significantly, but choose high-quality material, since the strength and durability of the coating depends on it.

Heat insulators of the Penoplex company are considered the most effective of all existing ones. So, at the end of 2011 (company data), the share of their products in this segment on the domestic market was 52%. And last May, 2015, the first domestic and the fourth in the world production line with a capacity of 550,000 m 3 of thermal insulation per year was launched in Novomoskovsk.

However, the material is exposed to external factors: sun, frost, wind, shock loads. Under their influence, the heat insulator loses its properties and is subject to destruction. A win-win option for protection is the facade plastering with foam or other insulation materials:

1. Mineral plaster, which consists of cement and polymers. It is endowed with a low coefficient of water absorption, is resistant to fungi and mold, is easy to apply, and is effective when insulating facades.
2. Acrylic composition which is elastic, has good water-repellent characteristics, is not afraid of the influence of UV radiation. If you live in a place with a high level of humidity and do not know how to plaster the penoplex outside, feel free to use this composition.
3. Silicate mixture quite effective, elastic, antistatic, vapor-permeable, resistant to climatic precipitation.
4. Silicate plaster, which has high rates of vapor permeability, elasticity, resistant to aggressive chemical compounds, microorganisms, ultraviolet light. But its cost is much of the above-described compositions, it is applied more difficult and pastel colors prevail in the color palette.

The plastered surface can be made smooth and embossed. When choosing a plaster mix, be sure to look for what texture it is intended for.

In terms of resistance to mechanical stress, experts consider acrylic plaster to be effective, followed by silicate and mineral plaster. The surface texture affects the service life: smooth is more sensitive to external influences.

It is also worth noting that mineral wool is used to insulate the facade. This material has such qualities as:

• good resistance to fire;
• high vapor permeability, water-repellent parameters;
• ecological well-being;
• long service life.

Such insulation will last a long time and will reliably protect the walls of your home. Modern products are treated in the manufacturing process with water-repellent compounds. Previously, the release of formaldehyde resins from it during its production was considered a disadvantage of mineral wool, but modern technologies have helped to get rid of this disadvantage.
In 2009, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), based on the confirmation of the organization NTP (National Toxicology Program) in the United States, assigned mineral wool the 3rd group according to the IARC classification (IARC / CIRC). This includes materials that do not belong to the category of carcinogens for humans, like tea, coffee. And in 2010, the World Health Organization recognized mineral wool as completely harmless.

The heat insulator is attached to the wall with an adhesive and then, for reliability, dowels with wide heads are hammered in. Further, the process of reinforcement takes place, plastering on mineral wool - as well as on expanded polystyrene, and painting the facade.

Facade plastering technology

The choice of the right composition is an important point when insulating the outer walls of the house. But the quality of the coating depends not only on the material, but also on how to plaster the insulation. This must be done correctly, following a certain sequence.

When plastering, remember that one wall must be worked off at a time, otherwise traces of the connection will remain on the surface.

Insulation plaster is applied to the surface not earlier than 3–7 days after the backing plaster has been applied. Requirements are met SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings": temperature not lower than + 5 ° С, not higher than + 25 ° С. Strong wind and atmospheric precipitation are not allowed.

To apply the plaster layer you will need:

• a mixer for construction work or a perforator with a nozzle for mixing a solution;
• capacity;
• large and small spatulas;
• half-grater or grater.

If you know how to plaster mineral wool, but you do not know how to plaster penoplex, then understand that there is no difference in the processing of insulation at this stage. First of all, using a mixer, mix the solution in a container; detailed instructions are written on the package. Apply the plaster mortar with a small spatula to a large one and distribute the composition evenly vertically along the wall, pulling it out.

We collect the surplus with a grater, which we hold at a slight slope and easily press it against the wall. Mix the excess plaster with the bulk in the container.

We start grouting the next section of plaster from the junction with the previous one. The solution should not be dry at the junction.

When the layer of plaster grasps a little, with a smooth float dipped in water, we rub the surface in order to level the defects, and then we give the wall the desired texture using graters made of artificial material.

Facade painting

Once the walls are dry, they can be painted. You can learn about which paint to choose for work and how to calculate the required amount from the article "Paint for facades". For work, you will need a ditch, a paint sprayer or a roller on a telescopic handle, brushes, a round brush made of natural bristles, masking tape, plastic wrap.

Any paint will make the color of the facade uniform, it will protect it from moisture and dirt. We recommend painting all plaster mixes, except for acrylic ones.

Be sure to protect the plinth and its top edge. If you paint with a roller or brush, then masking tape is enough, and if you use a spray gun for work, then it is better to cover it with thick paper. Cover windows, sills, metal parts of the building with plastic wrap.

Lime paint is considered extremely beneficial for plastered surfaces as it can be diluted with water, but it is not durable.

When using it for work, follow the requirements GOST 12.3.035-84 SSBT “Construction. Painting works. Safety requirements", do not forget about your safety - use rubberized gloves and goggles. Splashes of paint on the skin are easily washed off with water, only this must be done in a timely manner.

The final coat of paint is applied to a single wall in one pass without interruption so that the joints are not visible on the surface.

Working with a paint sprayer is much faster and more convenient. You need to start from any angle, up and down movements. But be sure to use personal protective equipment: glasses, gloves and clothing.
Paint brushes are needed for painting surfaces in hard-to-reach places.
Working with the roller will not cause any particular difficulties. The area of ​​the site that needs to be processed at a time should not exceed 1 m 2. Roll out a roller in a ditch, it will be saturated with paint, and apply 3-4 stripes on the walls. After that, we roll them with a roller until the paint is evenly distributed over the surface.

Among the most common mistakes are the following:

• Carrying out work under unfavorable climatic conditions, in this case the wet facade forms cracks or swelling of the surface.
• Poor surface preparation.
• Poor and loose joining of heat-insulating material.
• Wrong position of the reinforcement mesh, small overlap.
• Laying the mesh directly on the thermal insulation layer.
• Wrong choice of material and its inadequacy.
• Failure to comply with the rules for fixing insulation in a checkerboard pattern.

When insulating even a one-story house, you still have to use scaffolding or scaffolding. If you work alone, then in order not to drag them from place to place, it is better to carry out the work in sections: in height for the height of the paver, and in width - to be guided by the dimensions of the scaffold.

Having decided to insulate your house with various materials, you can combine them.

In the picture, the protruding part is faced with a "wet facade". In this case, you should not use mineral wool, as it will sag during installation.

Difficulties in work will be delivered by soldering polystyrene, but the result with this material will be excellent.

The installation of a "wet facade" should be carried out in the spring-summer period, then it will not be necessary to build a heating circuit, which will not entail additional financial investments. If the installation technology is violated, the appearance of a greenhouse effect is likely, and this will have a destructive effect on the plaster layer.

High-quality insulation and decoration of the front of the house guarantee significant savings in thermal energy, which is especially important in the context of a constant rise in the price of energy resources. In addition, the complex implementation of the work makes the house more attractive from an aesthetic point of view. There are different methods of insulating and decorating buildings, but a wet facade is considered the most modern: the technology of this finishing method is described in detail in this article.

Thermal insulation of facades with a wet methodoutside or inside: features of choice

Traditional building materials used for the construction of walls, such as bricks, wall and concrete blocks, are characterized by increased strength and a fairly long service life. At the same time, they do not have a high level of thermal insulation, and therefore a significant part of the thermal energy simply evaporates through the walls. In order to prevent this undesirable process, the walls are insulated.

Insulation can be both internal and external. At the same time, the amount of material, the amount of work and the very organization of the process inside the house are more profitable and cheaper. At the same time, there are a number of serious arguments in favor of insulating the house from the outside.

Outdoor methods, which include insulating a wet facade, assume the presence of a so-called dew point - this is an area where condensation is released in conditions of temperature changes both in the middle of the room and outside. If the insulation is attached to the inside of the load-bearing wall, there is a high probability of condensation, which leads to increased humidity in the room. Therefore, this method of thermal insulation is less functional and even hazardous to health, since fungi and mold appear on the walls against the background of dampness.

With external thermal insulation, the level of thermal resistance or thermal inertia of the walls increases significantly. In other words, a building insulated from the outside retains heat for a longer time with a significant decrease in temperature outside and heats up slowly in the summer heat.

With external insulation of a house, a wet facade eliminates all kinds of cold bridges, through which, in most cases, the main heat loss occurs in the case of arranging internal thermal insulation.

What is a wet facade:technology features

The external method of insulating facades has its own classification. Distinguish between dry and wet technologies. The first option, in turn, includes prefabricated or hinged facades. The main material used in this technology is vinyl or metal siding. The wet facade system is considered to be more practical, highly efficient, economical and visually attractive.

Important! A distinctive feature of a wet facade is its multi-layer design, where each individual layer plays its own important role in the process of insulation and decoration. For the full implementation of functions, preference should be given only to high-quality materials.

Using the wet technique allows you to get not only good quality insulation, but also a beautiful home decor. An important condition is the use of high-quality special solutions. The final stage is the process of plastering and painting - these are the key components of the beautiful appearance of the building.

Wet façade technology involves creating a multi-layered cake on the outside. The layers are fixed to the wall by applying special adhesive solutions, mastics and plaster, which are dissolved in ordinary water. Hence the name - wet facade. The work involves adherence to a clear order of priority in the application of layers: primer, adhesive mixture, thermal insulation boards, additional gluing, mesh reinforcement, plastering and painting.

Each phase involving the use of the wet method, be it sizing, plastering or painting, must be carried out at a temperature above +5 ° C. Not only the quality of work and the degree of thermal insulation, but also the service life of decorative insulation depend on the sequence of work, materials and compliance with the conditions. Otherwise, the facade will soon begin to crack and collapse.

Wet facade: pros and consoutdoor insulation technology

Wet insulation technology has a number of undeniable advantages and a number of disadvantages. The advantages include:

• a high degree of decorativeness and attractiveness of the facade;
• the lightness of the heat-insulating layer, which allows the technology to be applied on buildings with a weak foundation;
• reliable thermal insulation that retains heat in the house for a long time on the principle of a thermos and excludes the appearance of "cold bridges";
• additional protection of the house from destructive atmospheric influences (moisture, freezing, wind);
• reliable sound and vibration isolation;
• durability (a facade made using wet technology can last up to 40 years);

• eliminates the appearance of condensation and, as a result, dampness in the house, which is due to the "breathing" external plaster;
• the cost of a wet facade is acceptable, especially in comparison with other methods of insulation;
• technology does not "steal" usable space in the room.

Speaking about the pros, we should also mention the disadvantages that this methodology has:

• work should be done under optimal temperature conditions outside (if the temperature is below +5 ° C, then it is almost impossible to achieve the desired result);
• each layer requires a certain time to dry, so unforeseen precipitation can negatively affect the quality of insulation in the end;
• the ingress of dust and dirt during work also negatively affects the result, therefore the surface should be protected from the wind.

Helpful advice! Insulation of the building with a wet facade should not be carried out during the rains. Therefore, it is better to plan installation in the spring or summer, when much less precipitation falls.

Wet facade technology: step by step instructions

Based on the above advantages and disadvantages, the conclusion suggests itself that this technology allows you to create high-quality thermal insulation with minimal financial investment. The main principle is a clear step-by-step in the application of all layers. The work execution technology includes three or four stages of the formation of a wet facade. Photos clearly demonstrate this. Each of the layers fulfills its functional purpose.

Plaster layer	Main works	Function performed
Adhesive or preparatory	Substrate preparation, installation of fasteners and glue priming	Determines the degree of reliability of the fastening of the future structure
Heat insulating	Fastening insulation boards with glue and dowels	Provides a degree of insulation of the walls of the building
Reinforcing	Includes installation of reinforcing mesh	Ensures the strength and reliability of the structure and serves as the basis for the final finishing layer
Decorative	Application of decorative plaster in a variety of ways and painting	Protects insulation boards from weathering and provides the outer beauty of walls

All stages perform a number of important functions that ensure the overall reliability, strength and durability of the structure, therefore each of them requires a responsible approach and detailed study.

Wet facade: installation technologypreparatory phase

Before starting work on insulation, you should take care of preparing the basic base. To this end, the walls are thoroughly cleaned and all defects are eliminated. It is necessary to cover the cracks with mortar and level the surface. If the surface is heavily soiled, it is recommended to use detergents.

Next, the surface is tested for strength. To do this, small pieces of insulation are glued to the wall. If they hold securely and do not break into pieces, then you can proceed with the installation. If they easily come off along with the top layer of the wall, then you should clean it up again.

After complete preparation of the wall, a primer is applied to it. And after drying - a layer of glue. If the surface of the house consists of a material with increased absorbency, then the soil layer should be more solid. Better to apply it twice. It is recommended to remove old plaster from window and door slopes in advance.

At the preparatory stage, you should take care of installing the profile strip. The basement profile will help to evenly distribute the load from the thermal insulation boards and protect the lower row of insulation from moisture.

Helpful advice! A smooth course of the process can be provided by a special set for facade insulation, sold in hardware stores. Ceresite adhesive mixture for wet façade has proven itself well.

The profile is mounted at a level of approximately 35-40 cm from the ground with a three-millimeter gap between the planks placed horizontally, in case temperature expansion occurs. The profile is attached directly to dowels or self-tapping screws. Their number depends on the density and weight of the selected material for thermal insulation. Most often they are placed at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other.

Insulation stage for a wet facade: work sequence

Installation of a heat-insulating layer is one of the main stages, since it is a fastening of insulation plates. The process itself requires adherence to a clear sequence and a number of rules.

Applying glue to the surface of the board. The glue solution is distributed along the perimeter of the material in a wide strip, stepping back from the edge of about 3 cm. In the middle, the glue is distributed pointwise. The main thing is that more than 40% of the slab area is covered with the adhesive mixture. If lamellar mats serve as a heat-insulating layer, then the adhesive solution must be applied over the entire surface.

Laying slabs... Insulation technology for a wet facade implies the installation of insulation "in a run" by analogy with brickwork. In this case, the tiles should be tightly pressed against each other and against the wall. Any glue that has leaked out must be removed immediately. The laying process takes place from the bottom up, starting from the basement profile. It will take 3-4 days for the glue to dry completely.

Fastening plates with dowels... At the next stage, the thermal insulation layer should be additionally fixed with dowels. Their length should be selected based on the thickness of the insulation layer, glue solution and a margin for deepening into the wall. If the degree of insulation density for a wet facade is high, then 5 cm is enough for a recess, for porous materials this figure should reach 8-9 cm. For 1 m² of surface, 7 to 15 dowels are needed. Their number depends on the density of the insulation boards, the diameter of the fasteners and the height of the insulation.

Even before installing the dowel, a nest is prepared under it. If properly fastened, the pressure sleeves will be placed close to the insulation.

Wet facade: technologylaying the reinforcing layer

A reinforced base is necessary to ensure a reliable level of adhesion of decorative plaster over insulation. For this purpose, a special mesh is attached to an adhesive base, sinking it into the middle. Installation of the reinforcing layer begins at least two days after the application of the heat-insulating layer.

Helpful advice! For reinforcement, it is recommended to use an alkaline-resistant fiberglass mesh with a durable coating. Otherwise, after a year, the reinforcing layer will begin to collapse, and the plaster will simply crumble.

First, the mesh is attached to the corner slopes in the openings of windows and doors, as well as at the joints of vertical slopes and lintels. Next, they move on to the corners of the building outside, and finally to the rest of the sections.

Related article:

The choice of the type of insulation. Features of materials, their advantages and disadvantages. The main stages of the installation of insulation.

The process itself is the application of a layer of special glue. Then a special reinforcing fiberglass mesh is gradually carefully sunk into it. It is laid with an overlap, which ensures the formation of a reliable reinforced base. Excess material is cut off. The total thickness of the reinforcing layer should be a maximum of 6 mm, while the mesh itself is located two millimeters from the surface of the insulation.

When creating a wet facade on buildings with increased loads or on basements, it is necessary to use a reinforced armor mesh that can withstand higher loads. It is the reinforcing layer that plays an important role in the strength of the entire structure. It provides wall resistance to atmospheric and mechanical influences. It is equally important that the mesh resists the alkaline effects of aggressive components contained in the plaster solution.

Wet facade plaster:decorative layer application technology

The finishing layer plays a double role, as it is responsible for the external attractiveness of the walls and at the same time serves to protect the thermal insulation layer from external negative influences. In this case, the plaster must have a certain porosity in order to allow excess condensation to pass through, providing "breathing" to the wall.

Decorative finishing is the final phase in the installation process, carried out using the wet facade technology. The plaster is applied only after the reinforcing layer has completely dried. To do this, you will have to wait about a week. Moreover, in addition to high decorative qualities, the plastered surface must meet a number of requirements:

• have a high degree of vapor permeability;
• be resistant to atmospheric influences in the form of rain, snow, fog and other precipitation, as well as to the influence of direct sunlight;
• have a high resistance to mechanical damage.

In order for the plaster to easily lay on the insulation, the plates must fit snugly together. The permissible error is a maximum of 3 mm. Otherwise, the next two layers will not be able to mask the flaws, which will affect the appearance of the entire structure. You will either have to apply a very thick layer of plaster, or put up with irregularities. This fact indicates that it is necessary to select high quality materials, as well as to use a special plaster mixture - for outdoor use.

Helpful advice! Compliance with the temperature regime affects the quality of work and the durability of the plaster service. As in the case of fixing the boards, the working mixture should be applied at a temperature of at least +5 ° C. The maximum indicator is +30 ° С, since excessive exposure to sunlight can negatively affect the quality of the plaster.

Species variety of plaster finishing wet facade

The finishing stage in the complex of works on the creation of the facade by the wet method is the application of a plaster layer. To organize the heat-insulating layer, a variety of decorative finishing techniques are used, the main ones will be discussed below.

Mineral plaster. The material is a binder mixture based on Portland cement. The main advantage of this type of coating is its high level of strength and vapor permeability. This type of finish is resistant to moisture, does not get damp and does not deteriorate. The next advantage is the affordable price. The disadvantages include a narrow selection of colors.

Silicate plaster is a kind of mineral, as it contains. Well suited for decorating aerated concrete and foam block walls, as well as for use as part of the wet facade technology, since it has a high level of vapor permeability. However, it should be borne in mind that before applying it, you will definitely need to cover the surface with a layer of a special primer.

Acrylic plaster is based on resin in the form of an aqueous dispersion. The positive qualities of the material are elasticity and a high degree of adhesion to different surfaces. To avoid cracking, the acrylic is applied in a thin layer on a reinforced fiberglass mesh treated with a sealant.

Silicone plaster has a number of unique properties, it is very flexible and viscous. Even if the building collapses, the wall covered with a silicone layer will not crack. This finish is available in a wide range of colors and is self-cleaning. Thus, the wall itself, under the influence of precipitation, will be cleared of dust and dirt.

The basis of a wet facade: materials for work

Having considered in detail all the stages of work, a novice master will be able to assess his strength in terms of an independent device of a wet facade with insulation. If a positive decision is made, then you should take care of the availability of a full arsenal of materials and tools. The list below will allow you to take into account all the details. So, this technology assumes the presence of basic materials:

1. Thermal insulation boards as a base material require a special approach in the selection. It is necessary to calculate in advance the thickness of the plates, on which the degree of thermal insulation depends, and to study the characteristics of different heaters.
2. The basement profile is selected taking into account the width and thickness of the selected insulation boards. The number is calculated based on the size of the building.
3. The mesh for the wet facade, which serves to strengthen the entire structure, is most often a roll of fiberglass. For heavily loaded buildings, more reliable grids are used.
4. Wet facade adhesive is used to fix the slabs. They select it in accordance with the selected insulation.
5. Decorative plaster is applied at the final stage. You can use ready-made formulations.

Helpful advice! In the choice of materials for the manufacture of a wet facade, first of all, they are guided by the qualities and characteristics of the selected insulation. For example, mineral wool glue is not suitable for fixing foam boards and vice versa.

Additional materials for creating a wet facade with your own hands

The above list of materials is considered basic, but far from exhaustive. If you do not take care of purchasing a complete set before making a wet facade, then a number of inconveniences and difficulties may arise in the process of project implementation.

The primer is applied at the preparatory stage in order to ensure better adhesion of the slabs to the wall. The type of primer is selected in accordance with the type of decorative plaster.

The composition for plastering the protective and reinforced layers is applied directly to the insulation, although it is often confused with decorative plaster. These are different compositions - and this should be taken into account. One of the main differences is the higher price of finishing plaster.

The paint is intended for wall decoration and serves as a certain protection against atmospheric influences. Do not neglect this material and save on it.

A necessary component is mushroom-shaped dowels. It would seem a trifle, but without them reliable fixation of the plates will not be ensured. Therefore, you should take care of purchasing them in advance.

The dowels for fixing the plinth are a separate element, very important even at the preparatory stage. The length of the dowel-nails depends on the material of the wall where the profile is attached. In the process of mounting the base, you should also take care of the presence of special elements for connection at bends and corners.

In order to purchase a complete set, manufacturers offer complex systems, which already include all the necessary materials and tools for creating a wet facade. At the same time, not every set takes into account the individual needs of the owners, and therefore, when buying such sets, you need to be careful.

Tools required for wall insulation with a wet facade

The list of tools for performing work on wet facade technology should include almost the entire arsenal of an experienced builder and a number of special devices that will greatly facilitate and speed up the process. In particular, you will need:

• a square required for marking right angles and 45 ° angles;
• building level, designed to determine the degree of deviation of parts from surfaces in the horizontal or vertical direction;
• tape measure for measuring the length and width of various materials;
• a metalwork hammer, designed to work with different materials;
• fine-toothed saw for cutting Styrofoam materials;
• construction mixer for mixing dry building mixtures of sand, plaster, glue, putty;
• rollers for priming at different stages and for painting the finishing layer of decorative plaster;
• Swiss trowels used to cover the surface with different mixtures and to smooth them;
• trowel with teeth, used for pasting and fixing by the method of "embedding" of the reinforcing layer;

• a simple plastic trowel for applying putty and plastering compounds;
• trowel for easy mixing of the solution;
• spatulas and trowels of various sizes;
• cutter for deepening the dowels when fixing the slabs to the wall;
• sealant gun.

Helpful advice! The acquisition of tools should be taken care of at the preparatory stage. This list is maximum and extensive, but it is possible that additional tools may be needed during the work.

Insulation for a wet facade: variety of materials and features of choice

Facade heaters are divided into two large groups - products from expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. Foam materials are lightweight, quick to install and have a high level of thermal protection. The main drawback of the material is its flammability. Mineral wool for a wet facade costs an order of magnitude more, while being more reliable in terms of its performance. Plates made of this material do not burn, have a high level of vapor permeability.

The density of mineral wool for a wet facade must be at least 150 kg / m³, and the tensile strength must be at least 15 kPa. It is recommended to give preference to the choice of basalt fiber slabs. As for the foam, for insulation work, you should choose a material of special purpose with low flammability. Experts do not advise in this area to use extruded polystyrene foam, which has low vapor-permeable characteristics and has poor adhesion to the adhesive solution.

Different types of insulation boards are used in different conditions. The choice is guided by the physical and chemical characteristics of the insulation, based on its specific purpose. Moreover, each group of insulation has its own classification.

Minvata for a wet facade: materials for manufacturing and their advantages

So, mineral wool slabs are the best suited for facades. This advantage is due to a number of specific positive characteristics:

• durability;

• fire resistance;
• excellent vapor permeability;
• high level of heat and sound insulation;
• resistance to chemical and biological substances;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation.

In addition, certain types of cotton wool, in particular products based on phenolic binders, are distinguished by a high level of moisture resistance. The most preferred are diabase slabs or basalt wool slabs for wet façades. The price of such a heater is much higher than other analogues, but this is the case when they pay for the quality.

Since the strength of mineral wool should start from 15 kPa, and the material itself should not react with plaster, the use of fiberglass plates in this area is impractical. This is due to the fact that such mineral wool is easily destroyed in an alkaline environment and does not have sufficient tensile strength.

Fiberglass boards will begin to crumble under the influence of alkalis, which are contained in the reinforced base layer and the adhesive solution. The average pH of these materials is 12.5. The corresponding reaction does not begin immediately, but after a couple of years. The destruction is especially intense under the influence of strong winds. Thus, very quickly, a wet fiberglass facade will become unusable.

Additional qualities as criteria for choosing mineral insulation for a wet facade

An important indicator in the selection of thermal insulation boards is the moisture absorption coefficient. It is desirable that its level be at around 15%, since moisture absorbed into the material will lead to its inevitable deformation and adversely affect thermal conductivity. Slabs with a high degree of moisture absorption do not provide the required level of solidity of the facade. As a result, such a structure will not last more than two years.

Helpful advice! The density index of mineral wool of a wet facade should range from 150 to 180 kg / m³. Otherwise, the process of applying the finishing layer becomes more complicated and there is a risk of delamination of the entire thermal insulation coating of the facade.

The technology of a wet facade for mineral wool involves the selection of slabs in such a way that the degree of vapor permeability from the first (preparatory) to the last (decorative) layer gradually increases. Compliance with this requirement will provide favorable conditions and prevent condensation in the middle of the structure. In the climatic conditions of Russia, most of the time throughout the year, the temperature indicators inside houses are much higher than outside. These conditions greatly increase the likelihood of condensation occurring.

Wet foam facade: material features and requirements for its choice

Another group of heaters has a certain list of positive qualities, the main raw material for which is expanded polystyrene. It should be noted here:

• low cost;
• lightness of the material;
• high thermal and sound insulation;
• vapor permeability;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation.

The list of disadvantages of foam boards significantly exceeds the similar characteristics of mineral wool. The main disadvantage is the flammability of the material. In order to eliminate this defect, manufacturers treat the insulation with special chemical agents - fire retardants. Thus, even in the event of a fire, the spread of fire will be stopped, that is, the flame can extinguish itself.

Fire safety is also ensured by special inserts made of non-combustible materials, in particular, mineral wool. The use of this method has led to the emergence of a separate composite material.

Among other disadvantages of the material is the low degree of biosecurity. Insects and even rodents can settle in the foam. Also, expanded polystyrene plates are more fragile, which creates certain problems during the installation process, and less wear-resistant in operation.

Requirements for polystyrene foam plates for a wet facade: price and quality

Before buying a material for a wet facade made of expanded polystyrene, you should study its characteristics and compliance with all requirements. It must have a tensile strength of at least 100 kPa and a density between 15 and 25 kg / m³.

Helpful advice! The choice of material in accordance with all the requirements for it and its correct installation, with strict adherence to the technology of installing a wet facade for insulation, guarantee its service life for 20-30 years. Repair of the decorative layer will have to be done a little more often, but the costs will be much less.

High-quality material can be determined even by external data. Insulation granules should adhere as closely as possible to each other and have approximately the same size. Otherwise, such foam will bring a maximum of problems, starting with the installation process and ending with direct operation. Low-quality coarse-grained material absorbs an increased amount of moisture, which, in turn, entails its deformation and leads to a loss of thermal insulation qualities and early destruction of the facade

The shape of the polystyrene foam insulation boards must be the same as that of a regular rectangle. The error is allowed no more than 2 mm per 1 m. Differences in the thickness of the insulation can be a maximum of 1 mm, and the deviation on the surface of the front plane should not exceed 0.5%. Otherwise, it is impossible to insulate the facade of the house without defects. A wet facade from the outside will have low aesthetic characteristics, and its service life will be reduced several times.

Consumption of materials for arranging a wet facade: photos of private houses

As for other types of construction work, the consumption of materials is approximately based on the required amount per 1m² of the finished wet facade. Insulating a house from the outside involves the following costs:

• primer will need about 250 milliliters per 1 m²;
• adhesive solution for fixing heat-insulating plates is spent at the rate of 10 kg per 1 m²;
• the consumption of the insulation itself with a plate thickness of at least 5 cm corresponds to the area to be insulated;
• dowels for fixing the plates will need about 5 pieces per 1 m²;
• the netting for the wet facade is consumed at the rate of 1.3 m² per 1 m²;
• plaster for the leveling layer should be purchased based on the needs of 0.3 kg per 1 m²;

• the consumption of primer for the finishing layer is approximately 0.3 kg per 1m²;
• finished decorative plaster will need about 3 kg per 1 m².

In order to correctly calculate the required amount of materials, you need to follow the instructions on the packaging of the material, and it is better to purchase ready-made kits. The Ceresit wet façade system has proven itself in this market segment. Facade insulation technology using mineral wool slabs presupposes the use of the Ceresit WM brand.

For thermal insulation using foam technology, the Ceresit wet facade is labeled VWS. Plates for thermal insulation are treated with an adhesive and fixed to the wall, a special protective layer with a reinforced fiberglass mesh is applied on top. The system of the corresponding brand contains all the necessary materials.

Components of the price of a wet facade device per m2

The price of the finished wet facade includes the total cost of preparatory, installation and decorative work. The main costs are for materials based on their cost per 1 m² for a blank wall.

Important! The main component of the total cost of a wet facade is the price of insulation, which depends on its type, density and mineral additives.

The total cost of the finished system is the total cost of the constituent components:

• adhesive mixture for fixing insulation;
• plastering solution for the base;
• mixtures for decorative plaster;
• fiberglass mesh for the reinforced layer;
• dowels and other fasteners;
• two types of primer;
• thermal insulation boards.

Ready-made systems usually do not include the cost of additional and optional parts, various profiles and auxiliary fasteners. Also, not all manufacturers offer thermal insulation materials in the complex. In this case, you should keep in mind the average cost of insulation. For example, the average price of mineral wool for a 10 cm thick wet facade is about 650 rubles. for 1 m². The cost of expanded polystyrene for the same indicators – about 250 rubles

Thus, the price of a wet facade per m² with mineral wool slabs will be about 1200 rubles. A thermal insulation system made of expanded polystyrene will cost much less - about 750 rubles. for 1 m².

Arrangement of a wet facade: the cost of work form² to order

The total costs of installing insulation and decorating it include payment for the services of craftsmen or contractors. This is if the work is not done independently. The total price ranges from 1,000 to 2,500 rubles per square meter. It all depends on the total amount of work, the type of materials and the way the finished wall is decorated. The main components and the average price for installing a wet facade are shown in the table below:

Type of work performed	Cost, rub / m2
Installation and dismantling of scaffolding for construction	130 – 150
Surface priming for deep penetration	60 – 90
Fastening the insulation with adhesive and leveling the wall	370 – 450
Installation of a reinforcing layer with a base plaster layer and flush embedding	330 – 370
Wall priming using quartz sand	65 – 75
Various types of decorative plastering	240 – 350
Stone decoration on the facade plinth	870 – 920

The wide range of prices for wet plastering of the facade is justified by the varying degrees of complexity of the decorating process. The list may also include additional work, for example, the installation of decorative elements. Their cost is calculated separately and depends on the complexity.

Additional factors affecting the cost of wet facade works

The above services and their cost are not constant. The list can be much longer, and the price increases due to the appearance of additional costs. The final price per m² of a turnkey wet facade depends on a number of additional factors. In particular, you should consider:

• initial appearance and structure of the facade;

• the presence of flaws and damage;
• the level of complexity of the work performed;
• the total number of openings for doors and windows, as well as their location;
• quality characteristics of materials and their quantity;
• total amount of work.

Helpful advice! The cost calculation is made individually for each specific case. Sometimes, even with an identical list of works and the same processing area, the price can differ significantly.

Therefore, the final cost includes additional costs. For example, labor-intensive work at high altitudes will require the installation of auxiliary assembly scaffolding. The cost of their rental depends on the height and duration of use. It should also be borne in mind that high-rise work is much more expensive, since it requires special skills and the organization of insurance. The pricing is influenced by the costs associated with delivery and the features of individual facades.

The installation of a wet system will cost an order of magnitude less than the arrangement, but its further operation will cost more. The wet facade technology is usually used to insulate private houses, and the ventilated one is used to decorate larger buildings. What this is connected with, we will consider below.

Ventilated facades: pricedictated by quality

Speaking about the scope of application of the wet facade method, it is worth mentioning such a feature as limited resistance to the effects of temperature extremes. Based on many years of research, the European Association of Plaster Type Thermal Insulation Systems has come to the conclusion that the wet facade technology is not appropriate in all climatic conditions.

Even the most reliable and expensive materials, installation in compliance with all requirements does not give a long-term guarantee of service in the conditions of the inland climate of temperate latitudes, which dominates a significant part of the territory of Russia. The scientists of the association took grapes, or rather not the plant itself, but the cycle of its maturation, as the starting point for the application of the wet facade system. That is, in an area where climatic conditions allow the maturation of at least one of its varieties, the use of technology is advisable.

In conditions of constant rains and high humidity, for example, in close proximity to the sea, the use of this technology is undesirable. This is due to the poor moisture resistance of this type of facade. If the wall will be exposed to frequent mechanical stress, then the installation of a wet facade is also not recommended.

Based on the listed contraindications, an alternative plaster-type facade technology was invented in the form of a hinged thermal insulation system with an air gap. Simply put - a ventilated facade. What are the similarities, differences and advantages of this type of building insulation - we will figure it out further.

Helpful advice! You can check the quality of thermal insulation under a ventilated and wet facade using a thermal imager. Warm tones in the photo show heat loss, and dark tones show the heat resistance of the walls.

Comparative characteristics of ventilated and wet facades: photos of houses and buildings

The curtain system differs from the plaster system in that when installing a wet facade, plaster is applied directly to the thermal insulation layer. A ventilated facade involves the installation of a fiber cement facade panel at a certain distance from the insulation, which creates the necessary protection against atmospheric precipitation. In addition, due to the protective screen, excess moisture that appears behind the facade panel can evaporate through the air opening.

Thus, the ventilated facade has an additional, in comparison with the wet method, number of functions and provides:

• additional protection against moisture, as well as sound insulation;
• the highest degree of protection against ignition;
• coolness in the room during the summer, which allows you to save on air conditioners;
• elimination of flaws on the wall in the form of irregularities and curvatures;
• ease and speed of installation;
• a wide range of design options;
• additional thermal insulation, which is facilitated by the presence of an air cushion.

In addition, the fiber cement coating does not require additional maintenance and repair of the decorative layer after several years. The hinged structure can serve for several decades without intervention.

When solving the dilemma of which facade to choose, you can be guided by the following recommendations. A wet facade is advisable when you need to minimize the cost of finishing the building and minimize the load on the walls. In this way, you can design perfectly flat walls without observing special requirements for the strength and durability of the facade.

The curtain cladding, in turn, compensates for the unevenness of the wall and helps to hide any defects. Installation of the ventilation façade can be carried out at any time of the year, even at subzero temperatures.

Areas of application for wet façade and ventilated façades

The scope of application of ventilated facades is much wider. They are used for insulating private houses, finishing multi-storey new buildings and public buildings. The most widely used for decorating shops, cafes, shopping and entertainment centers and other public and commercial institutions.

Important! Wet facades are used for thermal insulation of low-rise buildings and utility rooms, as well as, if necessary, to save on insulation. As a budget option, this method is also applicable in the energy saving system of state institutions and public buildings.

Various materials are used in the cladding of ventilated facades, in particular:

• porcelain stoneware plates;
• panels made of aluminum and composite;
• fiber cement;
• laminate boards manufactured under high pressure.

The main advantages of a porcelain stoneware facade are its durability, varied colors and high aesthetic characteristics. But such material is quite expensive. The price of aluminum composite panels is more affordable. The material itself is universal, and thanks to a wide range of colors and structures, it allows the most daring fantasies of an architect to come true.

Fiber cement is a material imitating stone, resistant to moisture and sun. Differs in ease of installation and open mounting type. It is most often used for cladding residential buildings. Laminate panels are a new material that has various colors, textures, is resistant to weathering and fire, it is lightweight, durable and environmentally friendly. In addition, it is cheaper than porcelain stoneware counterparts.

Mineral wool wet facade technology: instructions, useful tips and secrets of the masters

If, after considering all kinds of insulation options, the choice was made in favor of a wet facade using mineral wool slabs, and it was decided to do the work independently, then it is necessary to take into account a number of secrets of the masters.

It's worth starting with the choice of material. So, on the Internet and in special literature, you can find a recommendation regarding the replacement of mineral wool with fiberglass. This is a misconception, since over time, fiberglass plates begin to sag under vibration, and so-called cold paths form in the insulation layer.

To achieve the maximum thermal insulation effect, it is worth taking care of not only insulation of the facade, but also of the floor and ceiling. In particular, this applies to apartments above unheated rooms or on upper floors.

Provided the correct choice of material and strict adherence to the instructions, the warranty life of the facade can reach half a century. Additional protection of the finishing layer of plaster will be provided by coating with a special paint, which will also extend its service life. For this purpose, it is worth using a water-based paint with acrylic, silicone or silicate admixtures. Its color variety includes over a thousand shades.

Helpful advice! During painting, you should look into the design and estimate documentation, where the original color of the building is indicated - the new shade must match it.

Conditions for successful insulation using the technology of installing a wet facade: video recommendations

Thermal insulation using wet technology should take place under conditions of complete protection from frost and precipitation. If the work does not require delay and its completion takes place in unfavorable conditions, then you should take care of the construction of special scaffolding and cover them with a dense film, which will provide temporary protection from wind and moisture and create a small thermal circuit.

Before starting work on the installation of a wet facade, it is necessary to tightly close all accesses to the interior of the room from the side of windows and doors. It is better to complete all internal rough work in the house before the start of insulation. On the outside wall, a number of fixtures and brackets should be placed in advance that will hold the air conditioners, cameras, ebb or downpipes.

It is necessary to work with adhesive solutions in the shade or in case of increased cloudiness, excluding as much as possible sunlight exposure to the mixture. The distance between the thermal insulation boards and the reinforcing mesh must be at least 2 mm, which allows the glue to be cast.

For the overall strength of the multi-layer structure, it takes several days for each layer to dry. Haste in this case is unacceptable. The performance characteristics of decorative plaster depend on the working conditions. Optimal prerequisites are temperatures above 5 ° С, increased cloudiness, dry calm weather.

For plaster, it is necessary to select only materials for outdoor work that can fully withstand negative influences. The upper plaster layer must have a high level of thermal conductivity and moisture resistance, be durable and resistant to mechanical, chemical and weathering.

House insulation wet facade: summarizing

The wet facade technology, although inferior in a number of performance characteristics to the ventilated facade, is the leader among the existing insulation methods. Its advantages lie in the use of modern high-quality heat-insulating materials, the service life of some of them can reach half a century. A special exterior finish with high aesthetic characteristics not only guarantees the external beauty of modern residential buildings, but also makes this technology acceptable for the restoration of architectural landmarks.

To achieve the best result, you need to trust the work of certified firms, as well as use high-quality materials from manufacturers who have proven themselves in the construction market. To prevent the occurrence of chemical reactions, it should be noted that the individual components must be compatible with each other. Each subsequent layer must have an increased level of vapor permeability in relation to the previous one. Do not forget about the strength and density of materials and their compliance with fire and environmental requirements.

The design is designed to provide a high degree of sound protection in two directions (both inside and outside the house). The quality of materials affects the longer service life of not only the insulation layer, but also the whole house, protecting the walls from precipitation and mechanical damage. The facade covers the main structure from the effects of wind, frost, pollution, ultraviolet radiation and humidity.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the use of various options for decorative plaster in the wet facade system, finishing elements and color design makes it possible to implement various style ideas on the outside of the building, which cannot be done using other methods of insulation, for example, ventilated facade technology.

The walls of houses built from bricks, various wall blocks, and even more so - representing a reinforced concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements for standard thermal insulation. In a word, such houses need additional insulation to prevent significant heat loss through the building envelope.

There are many different approaches to. But if the owners prefer the exterior decoration of their house, made of decorative plaster, in "pure" form or with the use of facade paints, then the wet facade insulation technology becomes the best choice. In this publication, it will be considered how complex such work is, what is required for their implementation, and how all this can be done on their own.

What is meant by a “wet facade” insulation system?

First of all, you need to understand the terminology - what is the "wet facade" technology, and how does it differ from, say, conventional wall cladding with insulation materials with further decorative cladding with wall panels (siding, block house, etc.)

The clue lies in the name itself - all stages of work are carried out using building compounds and solutions that are diluted with water. The final stage is the plastering of the already insulated walls, so that the thermally insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from ordinary ones covered with decorative plaster. As a result, two most important tasks are solved at once - ensuring reliable insulation of wall structures and high-quality facade design.

An approximate scheme of insulation using the "wet facade" technology is shown in the figure:

Schematic diagram of insulation using the "wet facade" technology

1 - insulated front wall of the building.

2 - a layer of construction adhesive mixture.

3 - insulation boards of synthetic (one type or another) or mineral (basalt wool) origin.

4 - additional mechanical fastening of the thermal insulation layer - dowels - "fungi".

5 - protective and leveling plaster layer, reinforced with mesh (pos. 6).

Such a complete thermal insulation and facade finishing system has a number of significant advantages:

• A very material-intensive installation of the frame structure is not required.
• The system is easy enough. And it can be successfully applied on most facade walls.
• The frameless system also predetermines the almost complete absence of "cold bridges" - the insulation layer is obtained monolithic over the entire surface of the facade.
• Facade walls receive, in addition to insulation, an excellent soundproof barrier, which helps to reduce both airborne and impact noise.
• With the correct calculation of the insulation layer, the "dew point" is completely removed from the wall structure and taken out. The possibility of the wall getting wet and the appearance of mold or mildew colonies in it is excluded.
• The external plaster layer is characterized by good resistance to mechanical stress and weathering.
• In principle, the technology is uncomplicated, and with strict adherence to the rules, any homeowner can handle it.

• With high-quality performance of work, such an insulated facade will not require repair for at least 20 years. However, if there is a desire to update the finish, then this can be easily done without violating the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

• Seasonality of work - it is permissible to carry out them only at positive (at least + 5 ° C) temperatures, and in stable good weather. It is undesirable to carry out work in windy weather, at too high (over + 30 ° C) air temperatures, from the sunny side without providing protection from direct rays.
• Increased exactingness to the high quality of materials and strict adherence to technological recommendations. Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or even peeling of large fragments of insulation and decoration.

As a heater, as mentioned above, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used. Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but still for a "wet facade" high-quality mineral wool looks preferable. With approximately equal values ​​of thermal conductivity indicators, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability. Excess free moisture will find a way out of the premises through the wall structure and evaporate into the atmosphere. It is more difficult with expanded polystyrene - its vapor permeability is low, and in some types it generally tends to zero. Thus, moisture accumulation between the wall material and the insulation layer is not excluded. This is not good in itself, but at abnormally low winter temperatures, cracking and even "shooting" of large sections of insulation along with finishing layers occur.

There are special themes of expanded polystyrene - with a perforated structure, in which this issue is to a certain extent resolved. But basalt wool has another important advantage - absolute incombustibility, which expanded polystyrene cannot boast of. And for facade walls this is a very serious question. And this article will consider the best option - the technology of insulation "wet facade" using mineral wool.

How to choose a heater?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a wet façade?

As it is already clear from the concept of the "wet facade", the insulation must, on the one hand, be mounted on an adhesive solution, and on the other hand, it must withstand a considerable load of the plaster layer. Thus, thermal insulation boards must meet certain requirements in terms of density, in terms of their ability to withstand loads - both for washing (compression) and breaking of their fiber structure (delamination).

Naturally, not any insulation classified as mineral wool is suitable for these purposes. Glass wool and slag wool are completely excluded. Only slabs made of basalt fibers are applicable, produced using a special technology - with increased rigidity and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of basalt fiber based insulation in their product line provide for the production of slabs specially designed for thermal insulation of walls with subsequent plastering, that is, for a "wet facade". The characteristics of several of the most popular types are shown in the table below:

Parameter name	"ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS"	"Baswool Facade"	"Izovol F-120"	"TechnoNIKOL Technofas"
Illustration
Density of material, kg / m³	130	135-175	120	136-159
Ultimate strength, kPa, not less
- for compression at 10% deformation	45	45	42	45
- for bundle	15	15	17	15
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W / m × ° С):
- calculated at t = 10 ° С	0,037	0,038	0,034	0,037
- calculated at t = 25 ° С	0,039	0,040	0,036	0,038
- operational under conditions "A"	0,040	0,045	0,038	0,040
- operational under conditions "B"	0,042	0,048	0,040	0,042
Flammability group	NG	NG	NG	NG
Fire safety class	KM0	-	-	-
Water vapor permeability (mg / (m × h × Pa), not less	0,3	0,31	0,3	0,3
Water absorption by volume at partial immersion	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%
Plate dimensions, mm
- lenght and width	1000 × 600	1200 × 600	1000 × 600	1000 × 500 1200 × 600
- plate thickness	25, from 30 to 180	from 40 to 160	from 40 to 200	from 40 to 150

Experimenting with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool is not worth it, since such a "wet facade" will probably not last long.

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

As you can see from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation thicknesses for a "wet facade", from 25 to 200 mm, usually in 10 mm increments.

What thickness should you choose? This is by no means an idle question, since the “wet facade” system being created must provide high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. At the same time, excessive thickness is an unnecessary expense, and in addition, excessive insulation can even be harmful in terms of maintaining an optimal temperature and humidity balance.

Usually experts calculate the optimal thickness of insulation. But it is quite possible to do this yourself, using the calculation algorithm presented below.

So, the insulated wall must have a total resistance to heat transfer not lower than the standard value determined for a given region. This parameter is tabular, it is in reference books, it is known in local construction companies, and in addition, for convenience, you can use the schematic map below.

The wall is a multi-layer structure, each of the layers of which has its own thermophysical characteristics. If you know the thickness and material of each layer, already existing or planned (the wall itself, interior and exterior decoration, etc.), then it is easy to calculate their total resistance, compare with the standard value to get the difference that needs to be "covered" by additional thermal insulation.

It will not bore the reader with formulas, but we will immediately suggest using a calculation calculator, which will quickly and with a minimum error calculate the required thickness of insulation with basalt wool intended for facade work.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of the insulation of the "wet facade" system

The calculation is carried out in the following sequence:

• Determine the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls (purple numbers) according to the schematic map for your region.
• Check the material of the wall itself and its thickness.
• Decide on the thickness and material of the interior wall cladding.

The thickness of the external plastering of the walls has already been taken into account in the calculator, and you will not need to enter it.

• Enter the requested values ​​and get the result. It can be rounded up to the standard thickness of the produced insulation boards.

If a negative value is suddenly received, wall insulation is not required.

INSULATION AND INSTALLATION OF FACADES ON "WET" TYPE WITH THIN PLASTER

A new look at facades

The most commonly used facade structures in Russia are hinged ventilated facades and the so-called "wet" facades. Wet facades, in contrast to hinged ones, have a simplified design, but at the same time they adequately fulfill the function of external thermal protection of the building. Wet facades are usually decorated with a thin layer of plaster. This design allows the building to be operated in a changeable Russian climate, as well as to save on heating and cladding.

The definition of "wet" was introduced by builders, contractors and consumers because water and other solutions and compounds are used for the construction of this type of facade. Unlike its ventilated counterpart, this facade has putties, primers, paints in its construction.

The indisputable advantage of using plaster is a wide range of design solutions in the implementation of modern projects and finishing of buildings "semi-antique", because with the help of plaster you can create a variety of textures. And with special finishing paints for outdoor use, color accents are set.

The use of insulation on the outer wall of the building allows you to move the dew point from the inside. Thus, all internal structures are reliably protected from the penetration of atmospheric moisture and precipitation, which, when frozen, contribute to premature mechanical destruction of materials and / or activate corrosive processes.

Buildings with external insulation are not only more durable, but also much more comfortable for living due to the saving of optimal temperatures in the interior. And also less energy consuming during operation.

Preparing the facade for insulation

The construction of a wet facade is only possible with complete protection from sub-zero temperatures and rainfall. This requires instructions for the use of building mixtures. If the facade with insulation covered with plaster is being built in an unfavorable season (autumn-winter), then it is recommended to build scaffolding covered with a wind and moisture protection film and provide a thermal circuit.

Before tackling a wet facade, you should close the internal premises (roof, windows, doors) and carry out all internal work related to the pouring of screeds, the construction of monolithic walls, and rough plaster of the premises. On the outer walls, the necessary brackets for water drains, video cameras, signboards, air conditioners, ebbs and others are fixed in advance.

The preliminary preparation of the rough facade for finishing is of great importance. So the outer walls are stripped of old crumbling coatings, washed thoroughly with high pressure water and dried. Then the cracks are putty and the surfaces are leveled so that the error is no more than 10 mm per square meter. It is important at this stage to use putty materials and plasters compatible with the materials that will be used later.

Physicochemical characteristics of the insulation

As an insulating layer, two types of plates are usually used: expanded polystyrene or mineral wool.

Expanded polystyrene plates have high thermal protection rates. It is a relatively inexpensive material. It is light in weight and therefore easy to install.

Mineral wool slabs are preferable to choose basalt or diabase. The material must have sufficient tensile strength (15 kPa and more) and not react with plaster. In this regard, the use of fiberglass boards is completely unacceptable for the construction of a wet facade. Despite other positive characteristics, fiberglass does not have sufficient tensile strength, and also breaks down under the influence of alkalis. Consequently, it not only will not be able to withstand the variable impact of wind gusts, but can also react with alkali-containing building mixtures.

The destruction of a fiberglass facade is inevitable under the influence of alkalis contained in the base (reinforced) layer of mineral plaster and adhesive mixtures (the average pH of such compositions is 12.5 units). Usually, the reaction takes full effect for 2-3 years, however, such a poor-quality facade can collapse much earlier under the influence of stormy winds. Therefore, the First Supply Company recommends to approach in principle responsibly to the choice of an insulating layer in the construction of a wet facade.

We also recommend paying special attention to the density indicator of mineral wool insulation. 90 kg / m 2 is a bar below which you should not go down. After all, otherwise there will be difficulties when applying the finishing plaster, and the risk of delamination of too "soft" insulation sharply increases after just a couple of years of operation. The recommended maximum density of insulation for plastering is 180 kg / m 2.

The next important point when choosing a heater for a wet facade is the moisture absorption coefficient. It should be very low (no more than 1.5%). This requirement is primarily due to the fact that the absorbed water deforms the material and also impairs the thermal conductivity. Plates, capable of greater moisture absorption, cannot ensure the solidity of the structure, such a facade cannot stand for more than 1-2 years.

All materials used for the construction of the MF must be selected so that the vapor permeability of the layers increases as they move from the inside to the outside finish. This design will create optimal conditions to prevent condensation from forming in the thickness of the wet facade. The climate in many regions of the Russian Federation is such that most of the time the temperature inside the room is much higher than that outside. As a result, the risk of condensation increases dramatically. The task of the builders is to move the dew point as far as possible from the inside of the building. After all, excess moisture has great destructive power. Therefore, for the finishing of wet facades, only those types of plasters are used that can easily let steam through.

When installing insulation boards, the requirement for the inadmissibility of an error (difference in height) of more than 3 mm for adjacent boards should be strictly observed. Otherwise, the layer of decorative plaster will not be able to absorb this flaw. You will either have to use too thick a layer of plaster, which is impossible according to its application instructions, or put up with the fact that irregularities will be visible on the "face" of the building. In any case, this is a construction defect.

As mentioned above, polystyrene foam boards are cheaper and lighter (by weight) insulation. This material is popular. The only reason not in his favor is the fact that expanded polystyrene is a combustible material. However, there are special technologies that make it possible to reduce this disadvantage to almost zero. Treatment with a special chemical composition (fire retardant) ensures that the combustion process is suspended and the flame is extinguished with a high degree of probability.

Another way to fight for fire safety is the device of special diffusers made of non-combustible materials. This method is sometimes also called combined, because in addition to the main insulation made of expanded polystyrene, mineral wool plates are used for scatterers.

Expanded polystyrene insulation for arranging a wet facade must have the following physical characteristics: tensile strength from 100 kPa and more, density from 15 to 25 kg / m 2.

The quality of polystyrene foam insulation is determined, among other things, by external signs. Individual granules of the substance should be approximately the same in size, their adherence to each other, ideally, is quite tight. Otherwise, such a heater will not only be problematic during installation, but also during operation, most likely, will absorb too much moisture. And this, as already stated, leads to deformation, a reduction in heat-shielding properties and premature destruction of the facade.

Insulation plates must have the correct rectangular shape: permissible deviations of any measurement are not more than 2 mm per m.

The difference in thickness of polystyrene foam boards should not exceed 1 mm. And the violation of the front plane should not be more than 0.5%. Otherwise, it will be impossible to install the upper structures of a wet facade without defects, which are expressed both in an aesthetic discrepancy and in a reduction in the service life of the entire structure.

Fastening the insulation to the supporting structure

Thermal insulation boards are installed vertically ligating joints - like ordinary brickwork. It is important to observe this principle also when deriving corners. A snug fit of the material to be mounted is achieved by grinding irregularities with an emery machine. If the width of the empty joints still exceeds the permissible norm, they are filled with cut strips of the same insulation. The outer corners of the insulation are overlapped. Recommended overlap thickness is 2-3 cm. This allows to align the outer corners of the building and keep warm inside. The extra centimeters of the insulation are cut off with a knife after the glue has completely dried.

In a wet façade system, the thermal insulation layer is fastened sequentially in two ways. First, the slabs are planted on a special construction glue, and then dowels are additionally screwed in. It is this two-stage fastening that allows the structure to provide the required strength and immobility. The facade experiences the greatest loads under the influence of gusts of wind, which can loosen loosely fixed materials and lead to the formation of voids between the layers of the facade. In addition, the thermal insulation carries its own weight and the facing plaster - this load is borne mainly by the dowels. It is the disc dowels that hold the weight of the structure of the wet facade and ensure a tight fit of the relatively soft slabs to the base. Fastening with glue additionally makes it possible to trim a rough facade, the surface of which is often not perfectly smooth.

The time interval between the gluing and dowelling phase is usually about 24 hours.

When installing thermal insulation boards in the places of door and window openings, they are adjusted in shape and size using a knife at the place of gluing. In this case, the horizontal seam between the slabs should not fall on the same line with the slope.

Reinforcement

Reinforcement is carried out after strengthening the plates with glue and dowels. It is necessary to allow the structure to dry completely before proceeding with the device of the reinforced layer. Thus, they begin to work no earlier than a day after gluing the thermal insulation boards.

The reinforcement procedure involves applying an adhesive composition to the insulation, embedding a building reinforcing mesh into it, and making an upper covering layer. The total thickness of the reinforced layer is 4-6 mm, while the covering layer should be approximately 2 times thinner, and the mesh itself should be located 1-2 mm from the surface.

Typically, fiberglass (fiberglass) mesh is used for reinforcement. It is still coated in production with a special compound that prevents the occurrence of alkaline reactions.

When erecting a wet facade on buildings experiencing increased loads, as well as basement floors, it is recommended to use a stronger and more rigid armored reinforcing mesh. Such meshes are able to withstand greater mechanical stress in comparison with glass fabric.

The quality of the reinforcement layer plays a very important role in the strength of the entire wet facade. It is this layer that should ensure the resistance of the facade to wind and other mechanical influences. Therefore, the mesh must be not only strong, but also resistant to the action of alkalis contained in plaster solutions. Correctly selected mesh is the key to the durability of a wet facade.

Reinforcement starts from the corners of the building, then they are allowed to stand and dry for 24 hours. After that, you can proceed to the reinforcement of other surfaces. Unlike insulation plates, which begin to be mounted from below, the reinforced layer is equipped, moving from the upper levels of the structure to the lower ones.

There are two important rules to keep in mind:

1. Work with adhesives in the shade or in cloudy weather.
2. The reinforcing mesh should not come into contact with the thermal insulation; there should be at least 2 mm of glue between them.

Finishing

On top of the reinforcing layer in the wet facade system, plaster is used for further painting or cladding with special materials. Before these finishing works, the reinforcing layer should be allowed to settle and dry for at least three days.

The quality of the plaster and the duration of its operation directly depend on the conditions under which this stage of construction was performed. Therefore, in the autumn-winter period, it is recommended not to carry out these works or to build protective structures. After all, the optimal conditions are: air temperature from +5 degrees Celsius, shade, no gusty wind and precipitation.

You should choose special facade plasters for outdoor use. Only they are able to take on the full burden of adverse influences. It is the top layer of plaster that must have sufficient steam conductivity, moisture resistance, strength to mechanical damage, resistance to chemical reagents and other influences of the natural and ecological environment. In addition, in the Russian climate, these plasters must withstand sub-zero temperatures, as well as frequent thaws and high humidity.

Additional elements

The load-bearing base of a wet facade, as a rule, is a rather complex structure, including many external and internal corners, window and door openings, connections to the roof and plinth, and sometimes external decorative elements in the form of semi-columns, obtuse and sharp corners, rounded parts. Expansion joints and places where the building adjoins other buildings also require special attention.

Window and door openings are constantly exposed to vibration and shock during the operation of the building. And the places of abutment to the roof, plinth, and other buildings cause difficulties during operation during temperature changes, since the coefficient of expansion and contraction under the influence of heat and cold for different materials differs significantly. Large facades (if at least one linear dimension exceeds 24 meters) require expansion joints.

To solve these problems, special profiles are provided in the structure of the wet facade, which can eliminate these unfavorable factors. These profiles are straight and angled. They are a polyvinyl chloride base with a fiberglass mesh and an elastic waterproofing membrane.

Let's summarize

Wet-type facades have a number of indisputable advantages: they are distinguished by the use of the most modern insulation materials, their service life is at least a quarter of a century, the peculiarities of the external finish (thin plaster) make it possible to erect wet facades both for the restoration of buildings - monuments of architecture, and for modern construction.

In order for the facade to serve for many years and successfully perform protective and heat-saving functions, it must be certified. Selection of materials on many grounds also plays an important role. First of all, they must be compatible with each other. Do not enter into undesirable chemical reactions, each subsequent layer must have a higher vapor conductivity in relation to the previous one, the supporting structures and materials must have sufficient strength and density. Also, building materials for a wet facade must meet fire and environmental safety standards.

TechnologistsThe technical advantages of wet facades

Saving heat, and hence energy saving, and reducing financial losses, ultimately, is an important issue for most regions of the Russian Federation. Simple measuring work has shown that the greatest heat loss in panel and block houses occurs just through the walls.

A couple of decades ago, this issue was practically not resolved. Today, with the proliferation of wet and ventilated facades, it is possible to provide highly effective protection from the cold by placing insulation outside the building. Note that this not only shifts the dew point, but also saves interior space.

The design of buildings with a wet façade system assumes that the walls share a heat-saving function with this outer structure. Thanks to this, you can now erect thinner walls, which means less material is spent on them. Moreover, the walls "lightened" in this way create less stress on the foundation, which in turn can now also be less massive. But the foundation, according to experts, is one of the most costly elements of construction.

The use of modern high-tech materials in the wet facade system creates a more favorable indoor climate. Steam is freely discharged outside, condensation does not accumulate, which mold and fungi, which are harmful to human health, are so fond of. The temperature inside the room is leveled, there are no cold zones near the walls and windows. And in hot weather, a wet facade is able to more effectively maintain coolness inside the room, because the thermal conductivity of the structure is minimal.

We must not forget about the high soundproofing properties of the materials used. A wet façade significantly improves the soundproofing of rooms, both from the outside to the inside and in the opposite direction.

A positive effect is also exerted on the service life of the building, on the safety of its walls, which are reliably protected by a wet facade from atmospheric and mechanical influences from outside. The facade protects the internal structures of the building from wind, dust, dirt, frost, sunlight, and fluctuations in humidity.

In addition to all of the above, it should be noted that using the technology of a wet facade, you can make a building cladding for a wide variety of design projects, both for construction on an industrial scale and for private housing construction.

The only relative disadvantage of a wet-type facade is that most of the work on its construction should be carried out under special favorable conditions: t +5 or more, no precipitation and hard solar radiation.

Wet-type facade renovation with the right approach can be postponed for 20-30 years. Cosmetic defects (wear of the upper plaster layer) will have to be carried out more often, but it does not require large financial and labor costs.

Insulation and plastering of aerated concrete house facade

The modern construction industry is successfully using new technological developments and building materials. The buildings that were built not so long ago look elegant, beautiful and neat.

In addition to the aesthetic parameters, it is worth noting the quality indicators. Houses can last for a very long time and perfectly resist negative environmental influences.

Especially beautiful design is obtained when used for facade decoration.

It makes the building attractive, insulates it and protects it from wind, moisture, mechanical stress. Let's consider this issue in more detail, we will study which ones are suitable for finishing and how to organize work on applying plaster to the walls.

Wet plaster got its name not because of its strange appearance, but taking into account the fact that special finishing materials are used to perform the necessary work. Compositions for creating such a design contain a large amount of water.

This technology came to Russia from Western Europe in the early 70s and gradually gained popularity among the population. Consider what advantages and disadvantages experts note in such formulations.

The following points can be distinguished as advantages:

• plastering can be done by hand, since this work does not require special skills and special skills;
• the facade can be painted in any color at the request of the performer;
• the financial costs for the purchase of the composition and additional materials are insignificant;
• this technology can be used for finishing a building of any level of complexity;
• plaster can withstand any load, including the placement of stands and other signage.

Based on these advantages, it is possible to add the composition to the list of high-quality and practical materials, however, do not forget about some of the disadvantages that also occur.

First of all, it is important to remember that plaster can absorb a lot of moisture and therefore needs additional protection from the negative effects of the external environment. If you neglect this advice, the finished coating can warp and deform. The most correct action in this situation would be the organization of waterproofing.

It should also be remembered that the plaster will be applied to the insulation in the form of or, therefore, it must be borne in mind that the thickness of the insulation should be no more than 150 kg per cubic meter, otherwise the plaster will crack after drying. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the structure and ensure a long service life, finishing materials should be used that will have the necessary technical characteristics.

Which is better, dry or wet plaster?

The first and most important difference between the compositions is the finishing procedure. For dry plaster, drywall serves as the basis, therefore this method is the least laborious and costly.

Wet plaster requires more time to apply the composition and significant physical costs.

Such a finishing method as wet plaster is suitable even for walls suffering from high levels of humidity. Plaster absorbs condensation and brings the dew point outside the house.

It remains dry and warm indoors. The microclimate is significantly improved. Dry plaster is more suitable for interior wall decoration, since it does not differ in high technical characteristics and does not tolerate low temperatures well.

Both plasters are used for finishing an already prepared facade, since the thickness of the coating should not exceed 5 mm. In addition, the walls must be covered with special mixtures and plaster. This will ensure an even surface and maximum adhesion to the putty. both mixtures can be finishing, since they are used for the final finishing of the outer surface of the walls of various structures and buildings.

Material specifications

The method, called wet plaster, has many advantages, especially from a situation where the walls are very wet and there is no way to use dry plaster. This material easily absorbs moisture, which provides a dry, warm indoor climate.

The main feature that arises when working with wet plaster is the organization of multi-layer finishing. Each layer has its own thickness. A standard finishing layer looks like: a layer of mineral wool, a base layer of plaster, fiberglass mesh and or.

If the contractor wants to provide a higher level of thermal protection, wet plaster can have different thicknesses, as well as all other layers. If there is also a problem of wet soil near the house, then additional finishing is also required for the basement of the house.

Despite the fact that the application of wet plaster requires a lot of effort and is accompanied by the dilution of dirt, this technique has many positive characteristics:

• versatility - suitable for any surface;
• differs in affordable cost - you can pick up the composition within the approved budget;
• ease of use - you can do the work yourself;
• strength and solidity - the material practically does not lend itself to external influences and with its help you can create a solid coating that is perfect for subsequent finishing;
• moisture resistance - the composition protects the walls from the negative effects of moisture.

Each of these qualities makes wet plaster a versatile and practical material.... In addition to these characteristics, it should also be noted such indicators as elasticity and ease of application of the material.

When choosing a putty, it is necessary to take into account the type of binder, its cost and manufacturer. It is best to purchase finishes from trusted companies, as this guarantees the high quality of the finished product.

Preparing the wall for application

Before proceeding with the direct application of the composition to the facade of the building, it is necessary to prepare the walls for these works. In general, the preparatory work is quite simple and can be done even by a beginner.

The following activities will be required:

• at the initial stage, the condition of the facade should be assessed, and it should be determined in which places there are irregularities that need to be removed;
• after evaluation, it is necessary to clean the walls from existing dirt, from debris, old plaster, if any;
• in places that need additional restoration, it is necessary to place a plaster mortar;
• if the surface of the wall can easily absorb moisture, then additional finishing in the form of a primer should be made. This will eliminate the development of mold, mildew;
• in the area of ​​doors and slopes, old plaster must be removed.

NOTE!

All slabs used for facade insulation are fixed with glue... It is very important to make sure that the insulation is securely fastened and can withstand the next stage of finishing.

An important preparatory step is on the facade. This event is held three days after the installation of thermal insulation. To do this, you first need to apply an adhesive composition, and lay a reinforcing mesh on it and cover it with a special layer of plaster. Once dry, the walls are ready for wet plastering.

Installation of the basement profile

When the surface is prepared for further finishing, a profile strip should be installed, which will protect the walls from moisture absorption in the first row of insulation, and also so that the heat insulator slabs lie as flat as possible.

The fastening of the profile strip is carried out in the basement and self-tapping screws and dowels are used for this purpose. Fasteners are fastened in 20 cm increments. It is important to take into account that the height from the ground should be no more than 0.4 meters. The gap between the planks is 3 mm. In order to protect the corners of the structure, it is recommended to use a special corner profile.

Application technology

All previously applied layers will dry in a week, after which it is required to apply an outer layer of putty. The composition is applied to the prepared reinforcement and for this purpose the finishing building mixture used for outdoor work is used. Additionally, a special adhesive composition can be used in the event that decorative finishing is planned in the future.

After 3-7 days, necessary for the drying of the applied layers, you can start applying the leveling layer. There are several subtleties of applying plaster, which can play an important role in the installation of facade decoration. If the facade is exposed to excessive moisture, then it is worth using mineral wool instead of insulation, because it perfectly resists the development of mold and mildew.

Sometimes, wet plaster is applied in a thick layer and is heavy. This is necessary to reduce heat loss. It is the thickness that plays a big role in this case. The first layer of plaster is applied at least 20-30 cm thick. It is important that the insulation layer must also be thick.

Of course, the finishing mass in this case turns out to be very large, therefore, additional fixing dowels, hooks and a plinth strip are used.

The protruding reinforcing mesh should be rubbed with a special adhesive 5 mm thick... Then the mesh should be reapplied and the last layer of 20-30 mm should be applied.

The finishing must be done in two layers.

If the soil is very wet, then it is required to additionally finish the basement of the walls, using a special non-absorbent and moisture-resistant material. Before proceeding with the application of the leveling layer, it is recommended to impregnate the surface of the walls with an antiseptic primer.

Useful video

DIY plastering workshop:

Conclusion

Wet plaster has become popular in recent years and is used for decoration of buildings. The facade of the building, decorated in this way, has a beautiful appearance and is particularly durable.

It is important that wet plaster perfectly absorbs moisture and acts as an additional protective agent against the negative effects of the external environment - from rain, moisture, wind. Using such material for decoration, you can extend the life of the building for several years and achieve a beautiful effect. Wet plaster lasts a very long time, does not burst and does not deform.

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