Using a grinder. Sanders for wood Good sander for wood

Construction or restoration work requires the purchase of a tool for finishing wood (wood sander), but which model should I choose? It depends on its purpose, since the tool is multifunctional. The selection criteria are largely influenced by the features of the surfaces to be treated: their size or the complexity of the design with many hard-to-reach places. Important is the size of the budget allocated for restoration or construction, as well as the experience of the master, his skills in working with tools for grinding wood.

If a grinder is required for home use (small repairs, hobbies), choose simple and quite budget models.

They are lightweight and small in size. For processing large volumes of construction or industrial work (for example, in a furniture workshop), it will be more successful to purchase powerful units.

There are the following types of woodworking sanders:

tape;
Vibration;
Eccentric;
Corner;
Renovator;
Brush.

Belt sander

It is advantageous to choose such a tool if you need to effectively remove large layers of material (for example, old paint), sand boards, process cut lines and qualitatively adjust the surfaces of parts.

These units are very powerful, and if the master does not have enough experience, then there is a danger of spoiling the surface to be treated. Working with a belt sander requires some skill. But with a little practice, you can quite easily, quickly and efficiently process a significant area.

When choosing a sander of this type, you need to make sure that you have the necessary equipment: models produced by different manufacturers are equipped with abrasive belts of various sizes.

Inexpensive models have a basic set of features:

Speed control switch.
Thermal protection of the motor.
Attachment for connecting a vacuum cleaner (or dust collector).

Vibrating sander

A vibrating machine is a tool for a more "delicate" effect on the surface of a tree. The work surface is often rectangular in shape, which makes it convenient for sanding corners.

The main criteria for choosing this particular type of machine are:

Dimensions of the working surface (sole). This parameter directly affects the speed of the work performed.
Sole shape. The rectangular surface can be supplemented with a triangular wedge for working in hard-to-reach places.
The range of motion of the machine: with its increase, the processing speed increases. But this can affect the quality of the grinding.
Method of fixing an abrasive surface. There are several possible options: clamps, Velcro, combined method.
Possibility of adjusting the speed of movement: it can be different for different woods.
A way to get rid of shavings and dust.

The parameters of the grinders, which in this case should be paid attention to, are:

Platform size (diagonal or triangle area).
The productivity of the tool, which is directly related to the vibration frequency (up to 2600 rpm).
Weight (about 1 kg)
Power (most often from 300 to 200 W).

Orbital sander

An eccentric or orbital machine processes wood to a fully polished state.

The eccentric machine processes wood to a fully polished state.

Difficult areas are processed in a different way, often by hand. This design is distinguished by a complex trajectory of movement of the working surface: the sole of the machine makes rotational and vibrational-orbital movements. Pneumatic models are the most convenient to use.

This type of tool is the most expensive. Moreover, pneumatic models of a grinder must be equipped with a high-performance compressor. This is not always possible with domestic use. Most often, such a tool is used in production.

If the shape of the surface is triangular (delta grinder), then such a tool is used if it is necessary to work in hard-to-reach places. This makes it possible to dispense with manual grinding. The abrasive cloth is attached to the backing with Velcro, which makes it quick and easy to replace.

Its speed is very high. Such a model brings any detail to perfect smoothness, but you can work with it only on large and flat surfaces.

Additional devices

Angle grinders have high productivity, which is due to the presence of a powerful drive and high tooling speeds. However, a significant drawback of the model is the inability to process internal corners. Delta attachments or renovators are more suitable for grinding them.

The renovator is similar to the delta modification of a vibration machine, but it is significantly more functional.

The list of its features includes:

polishing and grinding wood and other materials;
Creating slots;
Cleaning walls and other surfaces from linoleum, tiles, etc .;
local repair of power structures, facings.

A professional tool of this type is equipped with a signaling device that notifies by means of sound signals about excessive load on the surface being treated. Depending on the volume of the surface to be treated and the tasks set, the master may prefer a model with a two-handed grip. This is convenient when long-term work is required. The advantage of one-handed models is their compactness.

Moreover, manufacturers are constantly increasing the number of possible operations performed by the tool. Additional advantages of the renovator are its ability to operate both from the network and from the battery, low power consumption, and quite affordable price. Brushes use metal brushes instead of abrasive tape. This type of tool is suitable for large surfaces. It is used to remove old coatings.

The features of each unit make it effective in performing certain tasks:

The belt sander works well on large flat surfaces, for example, volumetric parts of an uncomplicated configuration. But this type of tool is not very convenient for processing small items.
Vibratory grinders have an average productivity, are effective for processing parts of various shapes, do not leave traces, and are energy efficient.
Eccentric models are good for achieving a high quality finish: grinding or polishing.
Renovator or delta modification is a furniture design tool. It is also used for interior decoration with wooden elements.

Such units cannot work continuously; work will have to be stopped every 15 minutes. The most versatile model is considered to be a belt sander. It is suitable for processing not only wood, but also other types of surfaces (plastic, metal), and can be useful for both professionals and amateur craftsmen. Expensive professional grinders can function non-stop for a full working day. They also have the function of centering the abrasive belt, which saves material.

To facilitate the work, the master can complete the grinder with a stand on which the tool is attached. When sanding, you can move, turn, guide the material itself, and not a heavy unit. If the work continues for a long time, then even in the case of a relatively small machine, it is much easier to manipulate the workpiece.

In this article we will talk about wood sanders, application features, types and consider the best models. Every owner needs such an apparatus for finishing work.

With the help of a sander, you can quickly do such processes as polishing and sanding wood, you can work with floors, walls, furniture and various decorative elements.

Such a tool is useful to anyone when performing various operations, because it has many functions. In general, sanding is hard and boring work, but a sander will help you cope with this difficult task quickly and with pleasure.

Wood grinder

The wood sander is an essential and multifunctional tool. It can be used for repair, construction, restoration of all kinds of wooden products.

The grinder makes it possible to speed up the process of sanding or polishing wood surfaces, whether it be walls or floors, furniture or other decorative elements, by several times.

Convenience. When working with a sander, fatigue does not occur, hands do not go numb. This is possible thanks to the ergonomic handles of the unit.
Compactness. Most of the machines are small in size, which allows the unit to have a low weight with great functions.
Versatility. With a sander, you can polish or grind both flat surfaces and, for example, convex ones.
Accuracy. This tool allows you to smoothly and accurately level the wood surface.
Speed of execution. This tool is a great time saver compared to hand sanding.
A flawless result. All elements, from beams to small decorative elements, will have a beautiful smoothly sanded polished surface.

Before choosing a tool, you need to understand its basic characteristics.

Power. The performance of the grinder depends on this parameter. The power of this tool ranges from 600 to 2500 watts. The more power of the unit, the higher its quality indicators. They weigh more and the cost is much more expensive.
Working surface area. This value affects the speed at which work is done. The larger the area of the working surface, the faster you can grind the desired plane. Belt variants have a smaller working surface, and vibrating ones have a larger one.
Disc diameter. The area that can be processed at one time depends on the diameter. This parameter also affects the time of finishing work.
Additional equipment. Different models can be equipped with additional auxiliary elements.
Additional handle. The handle helps to distribute the load evenly and reduce vibration. Basically there are two-position, less often three-position.
Dust collector. Collects dust that forms during the operation of the mechanism. It can be either built-in into the unit itself, or it can be a removable element on the side. There are removable and permanent dust collector options.
Stabilizer of turns. It can be used to control the speed. The stabilizer allows optimum use of the grinding machine's performance.
Speed controller. With its help, you can control and adjust the speed required for work.
Case. Convenient way to store and transport the tool.
Battery. For autonomous use of the grinder, some models are equipped with a removable battery.

Grinding machines come in a variety of designs and operating principles. These factors depend on their purpose.

LSHM is used for the initial processing of wood materials, for example, for quick removal of the first layer when grinding or removing outdated paint. Also, this type of grinder is suitable for precise fitting of furniture parts.

LShM works on the principle of a plane: a circle-shaped belt rotates on rollers and, when pressed, grinds the wooden surface. The layer that is removed from the surface depends on the grain size of the tape. The higher the grain number, the neater and thinner the layer being removed.

processing of rough surfaces, it can be used even for non-planed boards, but immediately proceed to sanding;
can be successfully used in hard-to-reach places such as corners or curls in decorative items
precise fit or trimming of parts along the marking line;
with the help of LShM, you can level a wooden surface or give the desired shape;
allows you to make smooth rounding of elements.

In order to choose an LSM, you should first of all decide for what purposes you will use it in the future. The main distinguishing factor of LSHM is the classification of abrasive belts that are suitable for the grinder.

The smallest versions of LSHM can work with belts only 6, 3 cm wide. Their advantage is that they are very light in weight and can be used with one hand.

Bigger brothers can handle belts up to 12 cm wide. They can be used for large areas. They are ideal for leveling. The best option for a home craftsman may be a tape machine that works with a 760 mm tape.

The next parameter for choosing a LSM is the duration of its use. If you need it for light jobs such as finishing small items or hobbies, then a simple, inexpensive typewriter may also work.

For construction, it is better to take a more serious option. Naturally, it costs more, but they, as a rule, do not lend themselves to rapid wear and tear, and the proverb "The miser pays twice" is just what comes in handy.

speed control;
automatic centering of the belt (prevents the abrasive from flying off the rollers);
dust collector.

The main difference between brush grinding tools is that the working part is represented not by a grinding cloth, but by a brush mainly made of metal. Therefore, such a tool for grinding or polishing will not work.

It is used to remove coatings. The wood brush sander is designed for working on large areas, such as removing varnish from parquet floors, renovating furniture or other bulky items.

Also, this type of grinding machine is used to "age" wood. With the help of a stiff brush, the wood is given an ancient look, and such an element looks antique.

The second name is the orbital sander. This tool is similar in principle to an orbital sander (VGM). The difference is that eccentric machines are more productive, grinding is more accurate and thinner, and the principle of operation itself occurs due to the complex trajectory of the moving element.

Grinding is carried out with a disc with a diameter of 15 cm. Abrasive circles of different grain sizes are attached to the disc using the Velcro method.

This type of grinding tools has a significant drawback: the formation of a large amount of dust. Manufacturers understand this and are working to improve the tools.

Some models have dust collectors. This model can be easily used indoors. Therefore, if you plan to work indoors, it is better to take this into account when choosing and look for models with dust collectors.

An orbital sander is often used for fine sanding or polishing wood surfaces. It is also suitable for removing coating material, varnish or paint. Grinding is carried out by oscillatory circular motions with a small amplitude.

In some models, the oscillation speed and amplitude can be adjusted. Grinding takes place with sheets or circles of sandpaper (which will be an abrasive material, a sheet or a circle depends on the model), which are attached with Velcro or a clip.

Which sander is better belt or vibration

For a beginner, it is not a tape tool that is more suitable, but a vibrator. There are many reasons for this, first of all, it should be noted that tape machines are used for rough surface treatment, since the thickness of the removal of a layer from the surface can reach several mm. In order to use a tape machine, it is necessary to take into account not only the size of the skin, but also to calculate the force with which you press the machine, and with small errors, there are big problems with the processed surface. Vibrators are easier to use, do not leave streaks, and with the correct selection of skins, even a child can handle this device.

Of course, it is much easier to work with a vibration machine, and making a hole on a wooden surface with a tape machine is a snap.

Which sander is better eccentric or vibration

The vibration and eccentric sander are different in the shape of the sanding platform and are easy to distinguish.

The vibrating sander has a rectangular sanding platform, the eccentric sander has a round one. Accordingly, if you need to grind a flat surface in a corner closed on three sides (for example: a step of a staircase), the vibration sander is out of competition here.

With a circular sanding platform - there are always untreated areas in the corners, But the eccentric sander has its own specialization: using a soft sanding platform, it is able to flawlessly process a convex or slightly concave surface (for example, a car wing).

The two tools also differ in labor movements. With a vibrating machine, individual grinding grains move in a circle with a diameter of several millimeters. The coarser the grain of the grinding wheel, the more visible the processing marks.

When the eccentric sander is in operation, two independent movements are added. Therefore, the grinding grains are constantly moving, describing a complex path. As a result, the surface is polished more evenly and better.

Additional rotation also significantly increases productivity. But be careful, the fast rotating grinding wheel can easily damage the sanded surface if it is awkwardly moving. Deep scratches are very difficult to remove.

Eccentric Sanders at a Glance

For DIYers, there are eccentric sanders with a maximum grinding wheel diameter of 125 mm. Professionals prefer more powerful tools with a grinding wheel diameter of 150 mm.

Eccentric machines combine two working movements: circular eccentric plus rotation, which makes possible both high processing performance and the finest grinding. At a good price, both types of machines can be bought during frequent promotions in the skbtools.ru store, as well as other necessary construction tools.

The sanding pad brake will prevent the development of high speeds, which reduces the huge time spent on the operations - lapping. And even with a large thickness of the removed layer, deep scratches and scuffs do not remain on the treated surface.

By design, eccentric grinders are available with a vertical and horizontal motor. Accordingly, they have a different design of the gearbox that transmits the movement to the grinding plate.

But the consumer is primarily interested in the usability of the tool, how comfortable the tool is in the hand. The weight, the shape of the arms and their number are all important.

Painters and joiners are more likely to use lightweight grinders with a vertical motor and a mushroom handle on top. Such a tool can be used with one hand, on vertical and overhead surfaces.

Craftsmen who make a living repairing cars prefer an eccentric sander with a horizontal motor and an additional handle, which can be guided with both hands. This requires precision and excellent handling.

The eccentric sander is usually used for grinding and polishing, that is, in finishing operations. It makes sense to use this type of machine loop when high requirements are imposed on the quality of processing, and the appearance of deep scratches on the treated surface is regarded as a defect.

Grit, also known as roughness, is a key parameter for any type of sandpaper. The grain size is always indicated on the back of the abrasive paper after the letter P or the word Grit, sometimes both designations are used at once. The grain size is defined by a number from 12 to 15000, sometimes even more.

In its simplest form, this figure is the number of abrasive particles per square inch, if they are scattered in a continuous uniform layer. In reality, this number is determined by the number of wires per square inch of the sieve through which the abrasive has been sieved.

The actual size of the particles ranges from visible to the naked eye (1–1.5 mm) to completely microscopic (whole and tenth microns).

up to P80 - for rough roughing and grinding in order to level the surface;
from P100 to P220 - used at the second stage of grinding, if you need to eliminate small grooves and scratches;
up to P280 - used for fine grinding;
smaller skins are already classified as polishing skins.

The rule for choosing sandpaper by grit is very simple - the higher it is, the smoother the surface will be after processing. But at the same time, the finer the sandpaper, the faster it grinds down, and the removed layer of material becomes smaller.

It should also be borne in mind that the greater the hardness of the processed material, the coarser paper can be used for finishing. At the same time, on soft wood, even with a grit in P220, quite distinguishable scratches can remain.

Dry and wet sanding

Depending on the abrasive material and its binder, the abrasive paper may differ in the acceptability of wet sanding. Besides the fact that wet sanding papers are more expensive than regular papers, there are a number of reasons why this distinction is important.

When removing particles from the treated surface, the friction forces at certain points can be so high that the generated temperature is sufficient for sintering metal dust.

This, in particular, is true for aluminum and most non-ferrous metals: if the skin is not periodically shaken off, it will quickly clog and become unusable.

In some types of paper, this problem is solved with a special abrasive material. So, silicon carbide, especially applied by electrostatics, is able to crumble, forming new cutting edges, so this paper practically does not clog.

However, there can be really a lot of particles of the removed material, for example, when processing plastic, and then it is necessary to prevent their adhesion by moistening sandpaper with water.

Resistance to wetting is determined by the standard, which is indicated at the end of the marking on the back. Paper in accordance with GOST 13344-79 allows work in a humid environment, and according to GOST 6456-82 it does not.

There are exceptions, because water resistance is generally determined by the type of binder, that is, glue. Although the type of binder is usually not specified, abrasives bonded with synthetic substances: bitumen, polyester resins, phenolic varnishes, etc. are suitable for wet processing.

Very often the possibility of using paper for wet works is additionally indicated by the letter "B" or the word Waterproof.

For manual processing

Often, the home craftsman has to process his products by hand. So the quality of grinding is much higher, there are fewer untreated areas. For manual processing, paper is available in sheet, tape and roll formats.

Tissue paper P60, P80 and P120 are the most common types of grain on the farm. The finer skin usually has a paper backing. It is recommended to always keep in stock different numbers of fine abrasive paper up to P400.

Cloth-backed abrasives with a grain size greater than P300 are mainly produced for machine processing, although they can be worked by hand with varying success.

The main difficulty is that the abrasive is covered with a solid layer of binder, and processing with such a belt by hand is extremely slow, especially with high grain sizes. However, it is a pleasure to carry out wet sanding with such paper.

Also, for manual processing, polyurethane grinding sponges will be very useful, with which it is very convenient to process parts with fine relief. If you are fond of woodworking, always have a supply of foam rubber skin, this is the most effective preparation for painting or varnishing.

When buying consumables for grinding machines, it's hard to go wrong. All of them have a specific type and working dimensions - either length and width, or size number, or diameter.

For belt sanders and grinders, cloth-based paper rolled into a ring is used. Length and width in millimeters - the main parameter of such sandpaper, determined by the suitability for use with a particular tool.

If you can still play with the width, using a narrower tape or tearing off the excess, then tapes of arbitrary length can only be used on grinders with adjustable tension. Also note that only one direction of travel, indicated by the arrow on the back, is valid for the ring belt.

Abrasive papers for rotary and delta sanders are even easier. They either fit or not - the size of suitable consumables is clearly indicated in the equipment instructions. When choosing, you must also pay attention to the position of the dust extraction holes.

Since we are talking about a power tool, almost all sandpaper in consumables is designed for dry sanding. It remains only to choose the right grain size according to the type of material and the desired surface quality, and then gradually reduce it during processing.

select suitable materials and parts;
make a solid foundation for fixing the tool;
install a suitable countertop;
fix the vertical struts with a tensioner and a drum;
mount the motor and drums;
fasten the sanding tape.

To process fairly large parts and elements, it is necessary to make a large copy of a serial grinder. For example, if you take an electric motor with a power of 2 kW or more powerful with a rotor speed of 1500 rpm, then the gearbox can be omitted.

The power of such an engine is quite enough to rotate a drum about 20 cm in diameter and process parts about 2 m.

You can also use an electric motor from an old washing machine. In this case, the frame is made of a thick sheet of iron, preparing a place for installing the motor and carefully fixing it with bolts to eliminate vibration.

The design of such a machine is 2 drums, and one of them is fixed, and the second can be pulled and rotated on bearings around an axis. It is advisable to make the base for the machine from metal or several sheets of thick plywood.

Drums are made on a lathe from chipboard. The tape is cut from sandpaper sheets with a width of about 20 cm and fixed on the bed. The larger the size of the table, the larger the parts can be stacked and processed in the future. Drawings of finished products can be found online.

From the grinder

Many may say that the "grinder" is the same is an angle grinder, but there are some subtleties hidden here. It should be borne in mind that angle grinders have very high revs and often quite a decent weight.

To polish the surface with a grinder, you must have considerable experience in this matter and use special polishing discs and wheels. The sander has a much lower engine speed and weight. To work with a factory grinder, no specific experience and dexterity are required.

It is possible to independently make a good grinder out of a grinder, which is not inferior in its parameters to a factory machine, only by modifying its electrical circuit, by mounting the regulator at lower speeds and by using special grinding nozzles.

From a drill

To turn an ordinary household electric drill into a grinder, you need to equip it with a special attachment - a working drum or a special support plate, depending on the task at hand.

The backing or sanding pad is a plastic or rubber base with sandpaper glued on and a shank for clamping into a drill chuck. Trays with a flexible shaft are suitable for work with a loose drill, while with a rigid one it is better to use only for a well-fixed drill.

Grinding drums for household drills are structurally a conventional cylinder, a shank and sandpaper glued to the cylinder. When using drums, the working surface of the grinder is parallel to the axis of rotation.

From a computer hard drive

Any old hard drive can be converted into a miniature sander.

completely disassemble the hard drive and remove from the case everything that is located to the left of the magnetic disks;
cut out the working circle from sandpaper, make a hole in the center of the circle for the spindle;
stick several strips of double-sided tape on the rotating disk of the hard drive and fix sandpaper on it;
make a protective screen that protects the eyes from the possible departure of the manufactured emery disc;
connect the finished structure to the power supply from the computer and use.

Of course, this design does not have high power, but it is quite possible to sharpen a small knife or scissors.

Brushing is a method of artificial aging of wood, which involves the use of specialized tools and techniques. The brushing technique is based on the mechanical processing of wood with special metal brushes, with the help of which the softest upper fibers of the material are removed.

Thanks to this technique, the solid surface of the wood is exposed, on which the texture of the material and the structure of the growth rings are clearly visible, as well as a beautiful relief is formed, emphasizing the aesthetic appearance of the finishing material. However, the brushing process does not end there.

To emphasize the relief and make the structure of the wood even more distinct, it is highlighted with a color that gives saturation to natural shades.

To do this, an uneven coloring of the surface treated with a metal brush is performed, while the cavities formed as a result of the removal of soft fibers are painted in darker shades, and the surface of the texture - in lighter shades. Thanks to this technique, the relief of the wood becomes as noticeable as possible.

Important! In order for artificially aged wood to acquire the maximum resemblance to the material, the aging of which took place in the natural environment, experts recommend dyeing the material that has previously been brushed in gray. Without waiting for the paint to dry completely, it is lubricated from the embossed surface.

The artificial structuring method can be used in the processing of both hard and soft wood species. The main requirement that the wood to be brushed must meet is the presence of a clearly expressed texture and well-visible layers of different hardness.

These materials include oak, pine, walnut, larch, wenge and ash.

As for alder, cherry, birch, teak, maple and beech, the brushing method will be proven ineffective for these species, since a distinctive feature of these trees is a fine-fiber structure without pronounced layering.

On a production scale, the volume of work is several times higher, and therefore, it becomes necessary to automate the process, implying the use of special machines.

This helps to simplify the production of aged wood, and also reduces the time required, allowing you to carry out large volumes of work in a short period of time.

If you want to purchase special machines for brushing wood at home, it only makes sense if you plan to perform a large amount of work. Let's consider the most common models of stitching machines.

The FESTOOL RUSTOFIX RAS 180 stripping router or the so-called wood brushing machine.

The first steel wire brush used for the primary processing of wood;
Second synthetic bristle brush for intermediate sanding;
The third - from sisal is used for polishing the treated surface.

The Makita 974 sander can also be used for brushing wood, but it can be difficult to handle in corner areas.

In this regard, at the joints between the walls and the floor, it is necessary to additionally use an angle grinder equipped with attachments.

The Felisatti AGF 110 / 1010E sander can be used for processing both relatively flat and uneven surfaces. Metal and nylon brushes are supplied with this device.

It has an analogue - the Interskol sander, wood brushing with the use of which will be much easier if you follow the instructions presented in our article.

Wood brushing tools

At first glance, the process of artificially structuring wood may seem complicated, but even an inexperienced craftsman can do it if he has a certain set of tools at his disposal that save time and effort spent on work.

In addition, it should be noted that wood brushing can be carried out both manually and mechanically, which is largely determined by the tool used.

Manual metal brushes

They are characterized by various thicknesses and stiffness of bristles and are used for primary processing of wood. The stiffness of the bristles is determined by the length of the wire; the longer it is, the softer the bristles.

When choosing a brush for brushing wood, try to give preference to the tools with the stiffest metal bristles. If necessary, it can be trimmed with a grinder, making the pile even harder.

Using a brush for brushing wood, it is necessary to move its bristles along the fibers in exactly one direction. With this technique, you will be able to remove soft fibers from the surface of the wood, leaving the hard fibers intact.

Manual chisel

A tool with which you can make deep longitudinal grooves of various curvatures in wood fiber. With skillful use with the help of a chisel, you can achieve the maximum realism of artificially structured wood by applying sufficiently deep cracks, creating the effect of cracking the material.

Coarse sandpaper

It is also used in the process of brushing wood and allows you to emphasize the texture of the material, making the natural pattern clearer.

The technique of using sandpaper is similar to the technique of using a hand brush - it is also moved with pressure along the fibers, as a result of which grooves are formed on the surface of the wood, the structure of which is similar to that of natural fibers.

By choosing the correct grit size and using sandpaper with different grit sizes, you can achieve different depths and severity of grooves.

Grinder equipped with special brush attachments for brushing wood

Another tool that is used for brushing wood. At the same time, at the initial stage, for rough surface treatment, nozzles with metal pile are used, and for the final stage - with copper and sisal pile.

Currently, a special nozzle for brushing wood "Piranha", which is an abrasive polymer brush, is in wide demand. By using this tool, you can selectively remove fibers by focusing on soft fibers only and without affecting hard fibers.

Eccentric sanders are designed for cleaning, grinding, polishing operations on wood, metal, concrete, plastered surfaces. The principle of operation is based on giving the working body, an abrasive disc, a rotational and reciprocating motion. According to their functionality, engine power, duration of operation, the units are divided into household and professional.

Despite the shorter motor resource, the household tool can handle flat and curved surfaces. To make rough and fine sanding of concrete, plaster, putty. Polishing metal, plastic, glass, natural and artificial stone

KOLNER KRS 430 - the cheapest in its segment

The eccentric machine is used on wood, metal and plastic surfaces. It is used for leveling plastered walls in home renovations. Polishes varnish and enamel coatings. Infinitely variable speed control determines the required processing mode. Equipped with a dust removal system, which allows operations to be carried out indoors.

Affordable price.
Power.
Low noise.
Autonomous dust collector.

Does not finely polish the car body.

PATRIOT OS-125 - the lightest

The sander will perform the rough and finish stages of flat and curved surfaces. The low weight of the tool allows you to spend more time without fatigue at work in the process of machining a part. An efficient dust extraction system concentrates waste in a removable dust container. The abrasive wheels are fixed by means of Velcro, which provides a quick change of consumables.

Lightweight - the hand does not get tired longer.
Optimal power for home renovation.
Efficient cooling system - the electric motor does not overheat.

We have to hold the machine tighter - centrifugal forces tend to pull out of the hands during the working process.

ENKOR MSHE-450 / 150E - the largest fluctuations

It works effectively in rough and medium grinding operations. Smoothes the plastered surface, smoothes the finishing filler. Removes old paint and varnish coatings, rust, scale from metal blanks. The presence of an additional handle contributes to ease of use.

Increased diameter of the working plate.
Long cord.
Endurance.

Inefficient dust collection system.
The fixing of the grinding attachments quickly fails.

BOSCH PEX 300AE - the most productive

Household tool. Despite the classification, it allows dry sanding of wood, metal, plastic. It is used for home repairs for removing old paintwork coatings, leveling plaster and putty. Dust emissions are eliminated by an efficient microfiltration system.

Allows you to perform a large amount of work.
Not dusty.
Equipped with anti-vibration system.

Noisy.
Abrasive discs do not work evenly over the area.

ELITECH MSHE 0515E - the most powerful

The power of the electric motor is enough to perform operations on grinding the bulges of plastered walls, smoothing the putty layer, sanding the surface of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Performs roughing and finishing of wooden blanks. Connecting a vacuum cleaner keeps the workplace clean.

Powerful electric motor.
Work at a semi-professional level.
Long cable.

An extra handle is missing.

The best in the professional group

Devices from the professional series are used by home craftsmen, private craftsmen. Found application in car repair shops. The instrument of this group is distinguished by high endurance, the ability to work for a long time without interruption.

RYOBI ROS300A - the cheapest

The eccentric device performs operations on various types of surfaces and materials, in particular, concrete, steel, non-ferrous metals, wood, plastic. The choice of the mode is carried out by smooth adjustment of the speed. An efficient cyclonic action system is applied to capture and collect dust. A properly tuned engine ventilation mechanism contributes to the duration of operation.

Soft glide.
Compact dimensions.
Absolutely not dusty.
Connection indicator light.

The standard dust collector is slightly inconvenient when working on vertical surfaces.

METABO FSX 200 - the lightest

The power tool is used for grinding and polishing work on wood, plastic, glass. Performs rough and fine finishing of walls and ceilings. Removes paintwork, rust and scale from metal workpieces. Compact dimensions and low weight contribute to increased productivity.

Lightweight.
It is possible to work with one hand.
Anti-vibration pad on the handle.
Good balancing.

The dust extraction system leaves much to be desired.

BOSCH GEX 125-150 APE - the most optimal

Professional tool for performing a wide range of operations - dry rough and finishing grinding, peeling old paintwork materials, rust. Allows the use of two standard sizes of abrasive wheels, 125 and 150 mm. Long-term operation is facilitated by the locking of the start button. The quality of work ensures the separation of the grinding block from the main body.

Ergonomic
Good build quality.
Two standard sizes of abrasive accessories.
Not dusty.

Slightly heavy for vertical and overhead work.

HITACHI SV13YA - the best for home and workshop

The power tool will fit into the home environment, when carrying out household repairs, and will be used in the garage for bodywork. Grinds and polishes. The optimal processing mode is selected by smoothly adjusting the engine speed.

Low noise.
Anti-vibration rubber cover.
Fits comfortably in the hand.

The Velcro may need to be improved.

MAKITA BO 6040 - the most powerful

Universal eccentric unit for all types of abrasive processing, rough and fine grinding, polishing. Equipped with two modes of operation, the change of which occurs by changing the position of the switch. Provides automatic maintenance of the speed when the load increases. The "Soft start" function will provide a shockless entry into the operating mode.

Power.
Versatility.
Build quality.
Reliability.

It lacks an extra handle - difficult to hold under full load.

This article is for anyone who works with wood and wants to make sanding easier. Sanding wood is a laborious process that can be greatly facilitated by using the right tools. For wood processing, belt sanders, oscillating or eccentric sanders, as well as deltoids are suitable. There are several types of tools for finishing wood on the market: belt sanders, eccentric, orbital.

How to choose a sander for wood, which is better belt or vibration, which type of device is best suited for specific purposes? Before finding the answer to these questions, we need to figure out how different models differ, to compare their functions with our needs.

Types of wood sanders

The correct choice of a device for a home, a summer residence depends on the type of work performed, the characteristics of the blanks:

form;
the size;
grinding corners, hard-to-reach areas;
type of coverage.

Different tools are suitable for individual jobs:

a belt sander is chosen for grinding large, flat surfaces;
the eccentric sander allows you to conveniently handle convex, concave small wooden surfaces;
the oscillating (vibration) model has a similar application, with the possibility of processing corners thanks to a rectangular sole;
the deltoid wood sander is ideal for processing surfaces with complex shapes that are inaccessible to most sanders; small foot area is recommended for small wood surfaces.

Tape

Model Description

If the surface is large, relatively flat, it is better to choose a belt sander. It is designed to handle:

Belt sanders are characterized by the highest efficiency, used in workshops, rarely for household work.

Due to their high productivity, belt grinders can process large areas in a short amount of time with excellent results. The treated surface is smooth and homogeneous. Since belt sanders are primarily used for linear motion, they are ideal for sanding along wood grain.

The disadvantage of belt sanders is the design of the base, which does not allow reaching hard-to-reach corners. The edge of the belt is not at the same time the edge of the sole, so surfaces such as near a wall are inaccessible to a belt sander. In this case, a deltoid model is needed.

Video - tape machine Bosch PBS 75A

Which tape model should I choose?

To choose the right belt sander, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

Working part speed- the higher the speed, the faster and more precisely the surface is sanded. Depending on the model, the speed can vary from 200 to 420 rpm.
Belt size affects the speed, precision of grinding. The larger the size, the faster the grinding occurs, but the accuracy decreases.
Power- the higher the power, the better the tool handles hard, difficult surfaces (hard deciduous wood - oak). Thanks to the high power, the tool can work longer without overheating.

Power selection

draw frames with engine power up to 1000 W are designed for light work,
Models with motor power over 1400 W perform well under short-term but heavy loads.

Model overview

Eccentric or orbital

Purpose of the tool

The eccentric sander is a versatile tool designed for grinding convex, concave small wooden surfaces and other materials.

The model is used for:

grinding wood;
grinding metal surfaces;
polishing, thanks to the possibility of installing a polishing disc;
cleaning old paintwork.

Disadvantage of the model: the round shape of the sole does not allow processing corners.

The working surface is smaller than that of an oscillating machine. The diameter of the working part is usually 125 or 150 mm. The larger the working surface, the higher the productivity.

The small work surface has pros and cons:

advantage - it is easier to work with it in hard-to-reach places,
cons - less performance on large surfaces.

Tool parameters:

Eccentricity- has a significant effect on the performance of the tool, means deviations of the movement of the sole from the pivot point. The higher the value, the more accurate the instrument works.
Disc diameter- large diameters allow fast processing of large surfaces, small diameters are suitable for working in hard-to-reach places.
The number of revolutions per unit of time- the higher the number of revolutions, the more accurate the tool works (as in an oscillating machine).

Model overview

Oscillatory (vibration)

Main characteristics

The oscillating sander is used for sanding flat, even surfaces, ideal for processing wooden objects:

furniture,
countertops,
doors.

In contrast to the eccentric model, the oscillating sanders are equipped with a rectangular backing plate that allows you to sand corners. Larger models are more powerful, with rectangular or square soles.

Parameters

Sole size- the more, the faster the surface is processed. When working with small surfaces, it is better to choose a sander with a smaller sole, this will allow you to more accurately process hard-to-reach places.
Number of oscillations- the higher, the better the tool works. Usually referred to as the number of vibrations per minute.

Model overview

Deltoid Sanders

Model Description

The main difference between deltoid grinders and oscillating ones is the sole. In shape, it resembles the letter delta (hence the name of the instrument). The model is ideal for sanding in corners, other places that are difficult to access for oscillating, eccentric and especially belt sanders.

Due to the small size of the sole, they are designed for sanding small surfaces. For the deltoid model, you can buy a spatula-shaped sole suitable for cleaning old paints, varnishes, especially from chairs.

What to look for?

Choosing a deltoid model, you should analyze the amplitude of oscillations (oscillation) - indicated in millimeters, is 1-2 mm. The higher the value, the more the sole deflects, and the tool works more efficiently.

Model overview

Summing up

When choosing which grinder is better, you need to analyze your own needs and compare them with the functions of grinders. Different models are suitable for different jobs.

Tape machine extremely efficient, quickly processes large surfaces. For example, it can quickly remove thick paint from wood surfaces. The design is characterized by a high power rating. The machine is extremely easy to use and safe.
Orbital sander- used for sanding flat, rounded surfaces. Has the highest accuracy. However, the sole does not reach hard-to-reach places, corners. The hand-held clipper is equipped with a circular disc that oscillates and rotates simultaneously, depending on the pressure. Easy to use, but requires a little more attention than oscillation. The tool is held with both hands. Thanks to the combination of two movements of the plate, the model is effective, fast, productive, with skillful use it does not leave visible traces of grinding.
Oscillating sander used for large flat surfaces, perfectly smoothes the surface, work depends on the thickness of the sanding paper. The optimal choice for beginners, easy to use, safe, does not require special attention.
Deltoid machine- small triangular outsole makes it easier to work on surfaces inaccessible to large sanders. The small area of the sole makes the model ineffective for processing large surfaces.