The history of the appearance of the pillow. Creative project "sofa cushion" The history of the cushion

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History of the origin of the pillow

Pillow- bedding in the form of a bag sewn on all sides, stuffed with soft material. Serves to support the head of a lying person, for the convenience of sitting on a sofa or for decorative purposes.

History of the origin of the pillow

No one knows who first decided to put some kind of pillow under his head, history is silent about this fact. Some of the first pillows were found in the ancient Egyptian pyramids and they served not for the convenience of sleeping, but in order not to spoil the hairdo in a dream. Pillows of that time were made of wood, stone, porcelain or metal. In Japan, they were used until the 19th century. For example, wooden pillow it was a concave plate on a stand, with the image of a deity protecting the sleeping person from dark forces. In China especially popular among the nobility won jade pillows... They were carved from a solid stone in the shape of a recumbent tiger, with a comfortable recess for the head. Soon, people rethought the purpose of the pillow, realizing that the comfort of sleep is more important than the safety of their hair. In ancient Greece, the habit of lying was elevated to a cult, appeared first soft pillows and. The Greeks brought this simple household item to a work of art, embroidering covers with magnificent patterns. Pillows were the privilege of the wealthy class, as they were quite expensive, but more than compensated for the costs, bringing healthy sleep.

The increasing complexity of the manufacture of dyes and sewing techniques has led to turning a pillow into a piece of art... Richly decorated pillows became an expensive commodity, first in China and later in Medieval Europe. Each pillow was handmade and was a truly unique piece of art. And in the modern world, the production of decorative fabrics and pillows has become a mass production. In Russia, embroidered pillows have always been part of the dowry. Somewhat later appeared decorative pillows... The poor stuffed pillows with hay and horsehair; down and feather pillows were considered luxury. In the old days in Russia, the number of pillows was strictly regulated. Each bride had to have at least six pillows in her dowry, four usual for herself and her future spouse, and two small dummies for beauty. Now everything is determined by expediency and personal preferences. But in any case, the bed looks more elegant if, in addition to the two main pillows, there are also several decorative pillows on it, combined or contrasting with the bedspread. Romans , those who captured the first pillows among the trophy were at first wary of them. However, they quickly appreciated the production at its true worth. They especially liked the pillows stuffed with goose down: the commanders began to send the most well-aimed shooters to shoot wild geese. Common people were content with pillows filled with animal hair, bird feathers, or grass. Covers for them were made of fabric or leather.

Sleep mysticism

Since sleep has always been associated with something mystical, our ancestors often put something significant under the pillow, all kinds of amulets. In some countries, men who dreamed of a son used to put an ax under their pillows while on the job. In England, in order to see a prophetic dream, on the eve of the summer solstice, they put a sprig of mistletoe under the pillow, and at Christmas, so that happiness would not be spared, they ate a sprig. A spruce twig was put on the night from Monday to Tuesday, and girls in Russia were wondering about their betrothed. Before falling asleep, they said: "I go to bed on Monday, put in a fir-tree, come in a dream, who thinks about me."

Industry without borders

As always, the Japanese distinguished themselves, they came up with pillows that meet the most extravagant requests.
For example, one arm headless male torso pillows... They were created especially for women who prefer to sleep on a man's shoulder. Men who love to snooze on women's knees will surely like a pillow in the shape of the corresponding female part of the body, covered with a skirt. For people who suffer from insomnia, it is proposed pillow giving advice on how to sleep better... It is made of soft urethane and equipped with a variety of sensors that assess the human condition. For sleepyheads who hardly wake up in the morning, created pillow wake up... At the right time, she begins to twitch: first a little, then more strongly, and then, if the owner continues to sleep, slightly shocks him.

Pillow history:
from antiquity
to the present day
Pillows are one of the elements of textile interior design. There are different types of pillows. On some pillows we sleep, with others we decorate the sofa, and with the help of the third we are treated.

In the first case, we are talking about pillows for the bedroom, in the second, about decorative pillows, and in the third, about orthopedic pillows. This is not to say that some of these species are better, and some are worse. Each pillow has its own function.

Kilburne George Goodwin (1839 - 1924), "Taking Tea"

Of course, the first and foremost role of a pillow in our life is to serve as bedding. The word "pillow" itself comes from the Russian word "ear". And where could she be in her place if not on our bed?

George Goodwin Kilburne (1839-1924), "Afternoon Tea"

In the old days, pillows were used only by very wealthy people. And the ancient rich Egyptians generally tried not to leave the other world without a pillow. Archaeologists still come across ancient Egyptian burials, where, along with many other burial accessories, they invariably find pillows. But don't assume they needed pillows to sleep comfortably. The most precious thing in the world to Egyptian fashionistas was their complex hairstyles. And they invented pillows precisely in order to preserve them. The pillow was then curved planks on a stand. And at the same time, they began to depict the gods on the pillows, who, according to the ideas of the ancients, protected the sleeping person from dark forces.

In China, richly decorated pillows were considered to be works of art. And only in medieval Europe did they become a commodity for which, by the way, they paid a lot of money.

Kilburne George Goodwin (1839-1924), Tending the Invalid A young Girl feeding a Cat

Returning to the Chinese, I would like to note that traditional Chinese pillows are unlikely to please the pampered Europeans. The fact is that they are solid rectangular coasters made of stone, wood, metal or porcelain. Poor ancient Chinese! But, by the way, the ancient Egyptians from the common people also slept on the so-called pillows made of stone. And the Japanese are on wooden ones.

In Arab countries, pillows were very popular. Richly embroidered and decorated pillows were a sign of the owner's wealth.

Giuseppe Aureli (1858-1929), "Admiration"

Giuseppe Aureli (Italian, 1858-1929), "Le repos du harem"

Rudolph Ernst (1854-1932), "The Reader"

Rudolph Ernst (1854-1932), "A moorish Interior"

Rudolph Ernst (1854-1932), "Favorite Of The Farm"

Charles Joseph Frederick Soulacroix (1825-1897)

One of the quickest and easiest ways to decorate, change your interior is to put some beautifully designed pillows on your bed or sofa. Unlike tapestries, which hung on the walls of castles and palaces and could not deteriorate for centuries, pillows were a daily item. Naturally, only a few have "survived" to this day. Therefore, most of the information about what the pillows looked like before, what they were made of and how they were used, we can glean only from the paintings of artists depicting the life of people of those times. Basically, pillows in the interior began to be depicted by European artists, starting from the 17th century.

Charles Joseph Frederick Soulacroix (1825-1897

Madeleine Jeanne Lemaire (1845-1928), "Tea at the Hotel de Ville"

Comfort and pleasures of life have always been valued in Greece. The bed for the Greeks was generally a cult subject. Probably because many of them spent a lot of time there. It is not surprising that the first soft pillows appeared here. They had nothing to do with the ancient Egyptian pillows and were created precisely for the enjoyment of sleep. Already in the 5th century BC, every wealthy Greek had a pillow.

The Romans also appreciated the soft pillows. I do not know if this is true or not, but they say that the Roman generals from time to time freed their subordinates from military service and sent them to the extraction of down for pillows ... And here it turned out to be not so simple. It turns out that the ancient Romans believed that pillows have a magical effect. Nero, for example, put his snakeskin bracelet under his pillow so that his sleep was stronger. And Octavian Augustus insistently demanded that the pillow of a Roman patrician be delivered to him, deeply in debt so much that all his property was sold to pay off the debts. It would seem why the Roman emperor was given this pillow? According to him, he wanted to own a pillow on which a person with so many debts slept peacefully.

Oseph Caraud (French, 1821-1905)

In medieval Europe, special small pads were used under the feet. Since the floors in the castles were stone and there was no central heating, these pads protected the feet from the cold.

Joseph Caraud (French, 1821-1905), "Dressing up"

Jean Carolus (1814-1897), "Holding court"

It was at that time that prayer pillows began to be used, they were placed under the knees during long prayers. In France in the 18th and 19th centuries, the right to kneel in the temple during prayer on a pillow immediately behind the king was generally strictly regulated and jealously guarded. This pillow even had a special name - carreau.

Carl Zewy (1855-1929), "Junge Dame mit Brief"

In England, pillows began to be widely used only from the time of the Tudor dynasty. And before that, it was believed that pillows are decent to use only for women immediately after childbirth and for very weak and sick men.

Joseph Caraud (French, 1821-1905), "L" Abbe Complaisant "

In Russia, embroidered pillows have always been part of a young girl's dowry. Poor people stuffed pillows with hay and horsehair, because down and feather pillows were considered a luxury. The guards did not go on a hike without a pillow either. But they stuffed it with cereals or oats. They used cereals for themselves, and oats for horse feed.

Korzukhin Alexey (1835-1894), "Parting"

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Natalinskaya secondary school"

Creative project on the topic:

Cushion

The project was completed by:

7th grade student

Masanova Anya

Project Manager:

technology teacher

Guryeva A.N.

2016 year

1. Justification of the problem.

2. Purpose and objectives of the project.

3. Historical background (research)

4. Design analysis

5. Development of options.

6. Identification of the basic requirements for the product.

7. Analyzing ideas and choosing the best option.

8. Organization of the workplace.

9.T.B. at work.

10. Design part.

11. Manufacturing technology.

12. Business case.

13. Environmental justification.

14 Self-assessment.

15. Used literature.

Justification of the problem

In technology class, I need to complete a creative project. A problem immediately arose in front of me, but what could I have done, because I need not only to do something, but so that I need this product and be useful in my life. Most likely, it should be something for my house, because we recently made repairs in the house, and now, together with my mother, we are trying to make the house more comfortable, warm and beautiful, besides, I have my own room where I am I can make my wildest fantasies of interior decoration come true, try on a little the role of a designer.

Everyone dreams of a comfortable, comfortable and beautiful home. And everyone is faced with just one question: how to make your home beautiful, comfortable, and most importantly, cozy? After all, the ideal solution for planning an apartment cannot provide us with comfort without a rational and artistic organization of the interior.

Different people put different meanings into the concept of "cozy room". And this is correct, because how many people, so many opinions. Comfort, of course, can be different, but whatever we put into this concept, there are things that are associated with it most often.

For example, a sofa cushion. It not only provides additional comfort when we settle down to relax on our favorite sofa or armchair after work, but also decorates our upholstered furniture, and the whole room as a whole. My room just lacks beautiful, soft and cozy cushions, so I decided to make a set of cushions that will delight me and my family.

Colors are of particular importance in the creation of works. But about color - a special conversation. For many centuries, people have admired all the splendor and variety of colors created by the great artist Nature, and discovered the laws of color harmony, which are well known to professional artists. Those who work with a combination of colors can be called artists, only in their hands instead of a brush and paints, they hold colored patches, threads and a needle. Just like artists, they need to be proficient in color, which helps to avoid gross mistakes when creating a "painting". And bright and varied colors will not limit even the highest flight of imagination.

Paintings, graphics, applied art, sculpture and artistic textiles are the finishing touches in the organization of the interior of the apartment. Some spend a lot of money on paintings, some buy expensive decoration souvenirs. This project assumes a very inexpensive and very fun way to decorate your room, bring comfort to it, and give individuality to your home.

It is enough to provide yourself with the necessary tools, materials and devices, fortunately, now it is not difficult and accessible to everyone.

Objective of the project

Make a soft, bright pillow with your own hands.

Project objectives:

1. Decide on the choice of pillow.

2. Select material and filler for making a pillow.

3. Prepare templates for sewing.

4. Sew a pillow.

5. Protect the project.

History of the sofa cushion (research)

The rise of cushions came a little later than conventional sleep cushions, but the history of the cushions goes back many centuries.

If the first pillows for sleeping are found already in the days of Ancient Egypt, then the East or Ancient Greece is considered to be the birthplace of sofa pillows.

One of the stories of the emergence of cushions is associated with a special tradition of Eastern countries - the absence of furniture that is well known and familiar to us: chairs, armchairs, benches. In the east, they ate and slept on the floor.

In wealthy houses, the floor was naturally soft, warm carpets, but that was not enough. This is how the first cushions appeared. Usually, for greater convenience, they had an oblong shape. Such pillows were called minders.

Another variant of the appearance of a sofa cushion is Ancient Greece. A low couch bed or a soft sofa was a widespread piece of furniture among the ancient Greeks.

During a feast or discussing important deals, they preferred to recline on comfortable beds, surrounded by pillows. That is why the history of the emergence of cushions is usually associated with this period in the history of mankind. It must be said that the pillows that appeared among the ancient Greeks had nothing to do with the pillows for sleeping of the ancient Egyptians.

They were soft. Every well-to-do citizen of Greece had a similar attribute of comfort and coziness in his property.

The ancestors of modern sofa cushions, these pillows were filled with a wide variety of materials and decorated to show the wealth and prosperity of their owners.

The story of the sofa cushion did not end there. Already in the Middle Ages, analogues of modern sofa cushions were taken with them to the church, laid on benches, and placed in saddles. There was even a special kind of pillows, they put their feet on them so as not to freeze them on the cold stone floors of the castles.

In Russia, the sofa cushion was called "dumka", "dumochka", since they did not sleep on it, but while lying on the sofa they thought about life, being.

The emergence of a sofa cushion in our usual understanding of this combination occurred later.

It was then that the additional function of room decor was assigned to the pillows, when, in addition to comfort for its owners, the pillow was supposed to decorate the sofa or armchair and the room as a whole.

Different styles replaced each other, sofa cushions changed, the main functions that were assigned to them changed.

One thing remained unchanged: they were always needed to provide comfort and create additional coziness.

Sofa cushions still regularly perform this important function in our homes and apartments.

Design analysis.

Model sketches

To develop my product, I reviewed many magazines and books on needlework and came to the conclusion that I can make a set of pillows with various types of needlework. Here are a few pillow options I came up with:

Knitted pillows. This is an interesting option for pillows, but for my room, I think, not very suitable, since the room should have, as it were, rustic notes in its own style, and I want it to be modern and youthful, so this option does not suit me.

Picture 1

Pillow toys. Making such pillows you can dream up very well, such pillows should be colorful and cheerful. I have a little brother who would love these pillows very much, but this is no longer suitable for me, since I grew out of the age of toys.

Picture 2

Fabric pillows. They can be of different types and sizes, you can also decorate them in a very different way. Such a pillow will probably be the most suitable for my room, the fabric can be chosen to match the color of my curtains, or vice versa, then the curtains can be sewn to match the color of my pillows, this will add coziness and warmth to my room.

Figure 3

Patch pillows. The patchwork technique is very popular now, and the pillows made in this technique are beautiful and varied, but it is a very time-consuming and interesting process. I will dwell on this idea and sew a pillow from the rags.

Figure 4

Conclusion: I chose pillow number 4 - I liked it the most. Not too big. In my opinion, it is not difficult to sew. The size of my pillow is 30 by 40 cm.

Product requirements

After determining the type of product and the material for its manufacture, criteria should be developed that the product must satisfy.

1. The pillow should be suitable for my room decor.

2. The product should be original and beautiful.

3. Use scraps of fabric as a material.

4. The material should be in bright saturated colors.

5. The product should not be expensive.

6. The pillow should be comfortable.

7. The product must be aesthetically pleasing.

All of these factors should be considered when planning your work.

Aesthetic justification

Color in the interior ... (research)

Does the color environment affect our psychophysical and emotional state? Even the same , depending on the intensity and duration of exposure, evokes negative or positive emotions in us. And our eye is able to distinguish 1.5 million colors and tones. Color can irritate, cause anger, or vice versa, soothe, bring peace. Listening to our own feelings, we strive to surround ourselves with the color scheme in which we are as comfortable as possible. In general, this manifests itself in the selection of colors for the interior of the room. However, nevertheless, in nature there is a certain law, the effect of color on the psychological state of a person.
Researchers, as a result of numerous studies, have come to the conclusion that there is a biological innate in color preferences. So, children under the age of one year, regardless of race and place of residence, show the same preferences: they prefer scarlet, yellow and orange to green, blue and purple. In adolescents and adults, colors are distributed in popularity as follows: cyan, yellow, purple, greenish, lilac, orange, whitish.

Rainbow colors in order

Surely, each of us has seen a rainbow at least once and can easily name the colors of the rainbow in order. Memorizerainbow colors in order we were taught as a child. Remember the famous phrase: Every Hunter Wants To Know Where The Pheasant Sits? But this is nothing more than the most popular mnemonic phrase in order to remember the colors of the rainbow in order. The first letter of each word of this phrase corresponds to the first letter in the name of the color. Therefore,rainbow colors in order sound like this: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple. In addition to the above phrase, there are several other mnemonic phrases that help you learn the arrangement of colors in the rainbow. For example: How One Day Jacques-Bell-Ringer Broke The Lantern With His Head, Every Designer Wants To Know Where To Download Photoshop and others.

Why is this sequence of colors seen by a person in a rainbow? The fact is that a rainbow occurs as a result of the refraction of sunlight through droplets of moisture. Does a rainbow appear only after rain, when the sun immediately shone? Right. Water droplets still float in the air, through which sunlight penetrates.

The sequence of colors that a person sees in a rainbow are the colors of the optical spectrum, from red, the light with the longest wavelength, to violet, the shortest wavelength of the spectrum visible to the human eye. This is why the top color is red and the bottom color is purple. In fact, a rainbow represents a huge number of transitions from one shade to another, but a person sees only seven primary colors.

The rainbow is found in the beliefs of many peoples. In Russia, it was believed that a rainbow is a serpent that drinks water from lakes and rivers and then sheds it on the ground with rain.

Investigation of patchwork technique

Difference between patchwork and quilting

Comparing the two concepts, it should be noted that patchwork acts as a separate technique in which its own techniques are applied, and quilting is a harmonious combination of several sewing techniques at once (the products obtained in this case have the corresponding name "quilts"). In other words, the difference between patchwork and quilting is the narrower focus of the former.

The essence of patchwork is to create a beautiful canvas from many fragments. Their size, shape and color are individual for each product. In this case, the method of connecting the elements is of great importance. In one case, for example, a strict ornament is created from triangles of the same size, in the other, fragments of arbitrary shape and color are chaotically connected. There are special patchwork techniques that reveal the sequence of the arrangement of pieces of material to obtain a particular result.

Patchwork is only a frequent component of quilting. In addition to a pattern of patches, quilts can contain applique, when various elements are sewn to the fabric, and embroidery. It is the creation of fancy patterns of stitches that connect all layers of the product that is a characteristic feature of quilting.

Quilts are always obtained soft and voluminous due to the "air" layer, for example, from padding polyester, enclosed between the upper and lower canvases of the product. Items made exclusively using the patchwork technique do not always differ in volume.

What's the difference between patchwork and quilting yet? It lies in the fact that quilting has to do with sewing. Patchwork can also be knitted. In this case, elements created using knitting needles or a crochet are combined with each other.

Conclusion: After researching the patchwork and quilting technique, I concluded that my pillow will be made using the Patchwork technique. Since my pillow consists of two colors and a narrow variety of elements.

Organization of the workplace

For operations performed manually, a work table is required, on which only workpieces, tools and fixtures should be located. During manual work, you need to ensure the correct fit. Incorrect position of the body (trunk) causes fatigue, reduces performance, and also leads to stoop, curvature of the spine, and impairs vision.

A workplace for performing machine work is a table on which a sewing machine is installed and the necessary tools and devices are laid out.

When working on the sewing machine, the workplace should be well lit. When using the sewing machine, it is very important to sit with the body slightly tilted and head forward.

TB at work

Safety instructions for manual work :

be attentive;

put the thimble on the middle finger of the right hand so as not to

prick him;

stick needles and pins only into the needle bar,

do not sew with a bent needle;

do not stick needles into clothes;

put scissors to your right with closed blades;

transfer scissors only with closed blades and rings

forward.

Safety instructions for sewing work:

Do not lean close to moving parts of the sewing machine;

Keep your fingers away from the driving needle;

Do not place foreign objects on the platform.

Safety precautions when performing wet-heat

works:

Do not leave the iron on;

Place the thermostat disc in accordance with the selected

cloth;

Place the iron on a special stand;

Make sure that the cord does not touch the sole of the iron; Switch the iron on and off with dry hands, while grasping

the plug body, not the cord; WTO products or parts to be performed from the seamy side in the direction of the shared thread.

DESIGN PART

Details

1. Torso - 2 days

2. Inner torso - 2 days

3. Middle part of the head - 1 d.

4. Belly - 1 day.

5. Ear - 4 days

6. Language - 1 d

7. Tail - 2 days

Manufacturing technology

Fold the ear details in pairs with the right sides inward and sew along the outer contours to the marked line of the seam of the attaching

Fold the tail details with the right sides and stitch along the outer contours to the marked line of the stitching seam

Turn out details

Sweep the ears to detail 3-4 in the marked places.

Fold the middle part of the head with both parts of the body on the front sides, grind. Fold the inner parts of the body with the right sides, stitch along the dotted line, leaving part of the seam for turning.

Fold the inner part of the body with the front sides with the body, stitch to the body on each side along all cuts from the middle seam to the middle seam. Sew the back seam while stitching on the loose tail. Turn the puppy out and stuff SYNTHEPON. Sew the open seam by hand with small stitches. Sew on the tongue. Sew on buttons - nose, eyes. Pull one end of the collar into the buckle, sew on, cut the other end obliquely. For the pin of the buckle, make 4 holes at a distance of 1.5 cm from each other or tie a ribbon.

Economic justification

Name

material

Price, rub.)

Consumption,

expenses

Cost, rub.)

Real

White fabric

(meter)

245 RUB

RUB 98

98 RUB

Blue fabric

(meter)

175 RUB

35 rbl.

Sintepon

(meter)

RUB 70

RUB 14

Was in

availability.

Eyes

RUB 10

A pair of eyes

RUB 10

Thread

RUB 5

12 rubles

Was in

availability.

Total:

RUB 169

157 RUB

From the compiled table, it can be seen that the cost of the toy,

made with your own hands, less than the cost of a toy bought on the market or in a store from similar materials.

Environmental justification.

Environmental issues are of concern to everyone in the modern world. The more a person moves along the steps of technical progress, the more harm is done to the nature around us. Man uses the resources of nature without thinking about the consequences of his activities. Keeping rivers, air and soil clean is essential. ... To do this, you need to create and install the latest , to use non-waste technologies, but all this requires large costs, but these costs are negligible in relation to the salvation of nature, on which our future and Life on Earth depend.

Therefore, in the manufacture of the project, I will try to use only environmentally friendly materials, without harming the environment. Also, the purpose of my product requires safety: all small parts (buttons) must be tightly sewn so that the child does not swallow them and get hurt. A synthetic winterizer lined with fabric does not pose a danger to children. Fabrics and small parts did not cause allergies in anyone .. All this proves the environmental friendliness of this product.

Self-esteem.

For self-assessment, it is necessary to answer the question: have I achieved all the goals and have I fulfilled all the requirements? I will answer consistently:

1. The product is of high quality. When examining the toy I made, I did not find a very noticeable marriage.

2. The toy is bright, beautiful, and expresses hand-made.

3. The product is functional. It has certain mechanical capabilities, conceived in advance.

4. The main factor that speaks in favor of my product is the extremely positive reaction of children to the clown.

So, in my opinion, the project was a success, and I am quite happy with my product.

I will assess myself with the following questions:

p / p.

Questions for my self-esteem.

My mark.

Can this toy perform the function that I invented for it?

Yes.

Is the toy made well?

Yes, I did it beautifully, independently and efficiently.

Did you succeed in everything?

Yes

Did I come up with the toy myself?

No, I used a ready-made pattern from a magazine.

What rating did I give myself?

I will set myself a "5", because I like the toy and is made as I intended.

How did the kids rate my toy?

The children were happy with my work.

Did the toy turn out beautiful?

Yes, the toy is beautiful and my friends liked it.

My toy turned out to be expensive or cheap -

I think my toy is sewn sparingly

Used Books.

1M. Ventana. Technology textbook. M. "Count" 2012.

2.N. V. Vinogradov. DIY soft toy. S-P. "Nedra" 1995.

Elena Levina

creating and making cushions

Download:

Preview:

Municipal government educational institution

"SOSH", p. Zikeevo Zhizdrinsky District Kaluga Region

Creative project

Cushions

Performed

Elena Levina

Class 11

Technology teacher

Lyovina Tatiana Alexandrovna.

Zikeevo, 2014

I. Preparatory stage

Project goal setting ………………………………… .. …………… 3
Justification of the problem ………………………… ... ……… ..3
Concept development ...……………………………………..……….. ..5
History of the sofa cushion …………………………………………… .5

II. Design stage

Sketches of alternative models ……………………………………… 7
Product design development …………………………… .. ………… ..… 11
Drawing of a sofa cushion ………………………………………… ..15
Characteristics of the materials and equipment used ... ... ... ... 16
Safety rules for working with tools ……………… ... ……… ..17
Sanitary and hygienic requirements ………………………………… ..17

III. Technological stage

Manufacturing technology of a sofa cushion ……. …………… .. …… 18
Manufacturing technology of pillowcases for cushions ……… ..19

IV. The final stage

Business case ………………………………………… ... 21
Environmental justification …………………………………………… 24
Self-assessment …………………. …………………………………………… .24
Conclusion …………………………………………………………….… .25
Advertising ………………………………………………………………… .26
Bibliographic list of used literature ………… .27

Appendix ………………………………………………………… ..28

Preparatory stage

Goal setting

Purpose of work: to make a product that meets certain criteria and my artistic taste.

Justification of the problem

In technology class, I need to complete a creative project. A problem immediately arose in front of me, but what could I have done, because I need not only to do something, but so that I need this product and be useful in my life. Most likely, it should be something for my house, because we recently moved into a new apartment, and now, together with my mother, we are trying to make it more comfortable, warm and beautiful, moreover, I now have my own room, where I can make my wildest fantasies of interior decoration come true, try on a little the role of a designer.

Paintings, graphics, applied art, sculpture and artistic textiles are the finishing touches in the organization of the interior of the apartment. Some spend a lot of money on paintings, some buy expensive decoration souvenirs. This project assumes a very inexpensive and very exciting way to decorate your apartment, bring comfort to it, and give individuality to your home.

It is enough to provide yourself with the necessary tools, materials and devices, fortunately, now it is not difficult and accessible to everyone.

Concept development

When choosing, I took into account:

My skill level.
The need for me of this or that product.
The cost of purchasing materials and tools for work.
The amount of time required to complete the item.

History of the sofa cushion