Municipal educational institution "Basic secondary school

p. Oktyabrsky "

"Medicinal plants of the native land"
Research work.

Rozhentsev Vova - 4th grade student
Bohan Zinaida Aleksandrovna - primary school teacher

2010 - 2011

Study plan .

1. Introduction.

2. Information about medicinal plants.

2.1. The history of the use of medicinal plants.

2.2 Correct collection of plants.

2.3 Herbarium.

3. Medicinal plants of our region.

4.Making collection:

Collecting plants;

Decor.

5. Conclusion.

Purpose of the study:

Get acquainted with the variety of medicinal plants of the native land.

Research objectives:

Find out the features of the external structure, useful properties of medicinal plants;

Learn to recognize plants in herbarium specimens, photographs;

Make a conclusion on the work done.

Introduction.

I live in the countryside. There are very beautiful places around our village. I like being in a pine forest. It's so clean, it looks like someone is cleaning there. There are many mushrooms and berries in this forest. And there is a white lichen moss in the forest, it grows right on the ground, which makes it seem that someone has poured milk. My grandmother jokes: "These are forest men." And there is also a moss swamp near our village. Moss grows on it completely different, not the same as in the pine forest, it is always wet.

Our village stands on the banks of the Ob River and beyond the river you can see meadows, cattle graze on them, they mow grass for hay there. Every summer I go to the mow with my relatives. There I noticed that only grasses grow on flooded meadows near large rivers: clover, mouse peas, timothy, horsetail, sedge. It is very rare to find shrubs in the meadow, and there are no trees at all. Mom picked up some herbs. They smelled good. She explained that these herbs are healing, help against various diseases. They had to be properly dried and preserved. This is how I first heard that there are medicinal plants. The time has come, I went to school. Often with the whole class we go on excursions to the forest, on hikes, on walks. Once at the lesson "The World Around" the teacher said that we are going on an excursion, we need to take a notebook and a pen, we will write down and sketch the plants. And for this you do not need to go far. Plants grow right outside our school porch. They were right under our feet. We walk on them, cars pass, and they grow, as if nothing had happened.

How many different plants are here around us! Many of them are very helpful. They are called medicinal: for example, plantain, dandelion, knotweed. The teacher suggested looking through the "School Atlas-Guide to Higher Plants." It contains colorful drawings by which you can determine the type of plant and their description. I wanted to know as much as possible about them. My grandmother, a great nature lover, knows many herbs that are medicinal. She uses many of them in the treatment of various diseases. I myself have often drank various herbal infusions prepared by her when I was sick with colds. This is how I decided to investigate the problem associated with medicinal plants in our region in my work. It is difficult to meet a person who does not see and does not know medicinal plants, for example, plantain, dandelion, but little is known about which diseases they help. The result of my research work will be the collected collection of medicinal herbs of our region.

I began my work with the theoretical part, reading popular science and fiction literature about medicinal plants. First I got acquainted with the history of their application in ancient times.

The history of the use of medicinal plants.

"Medicine is the art of imitating the healing effects of nature."

Hippocrates.

Medicinal plants have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. For thousands of years, herbs have served man. From their own experience, primitive people comprehended their healing knowledge from generation to generation. Since ancient times, medicine has been a sacrament, so doctors very meticulously chose their disciples. The collection, preparation of medicines and treatment were accompanied by magical techniques and spells. Already an outstanding ancient Greek physician and thinker Hippocrates described 236 plants that were used in medicine at that time. Among them henbane, elderberry, mint, almond and others.

Hippocrates believed that the juices of medicinal plants optimally combine biologically active, organic and mineral substances that miraculously affect the human body. Therefore, he recommended using plants in the form in which nature created them. In Russia, herbal treatment is well known and popular. Even kings and princes have long been interested in the cultivation and use of medicinal plants. At the beginning of the 17th century, under Alexei Mikhailovich, the Pharmaceutical Order was created, which supplied the courtyard and the army with herbs.

Peter I ordered the creation of pharmaceutical schools and vegetable gardens - the first plantations of medicinal plants in Russia.

Much has changed since then, but interest in medicinal herbs has not faded away - on the contrary, now it is especially great. Nowadays, people are increasingly resorting to the help of phototherapy - scientifically based treatment with medicinal plants, and to folk remedies. Juices, decoctions, infusions taken internally, external lotions and rinsing help the sick body to cope with many ailments, get rid of suffering. Medicines of the forest pharmacy will accelerate the healing of wounds, stop bleeding, heal a sick heart, restore lost appetite, improve digestion, heal stomach ulcers, and increase the tone of life. Sometimes they help in cases where even medicine is powerless.

Collection of medicinal plants.

After getting acquainted with the history of the use of medicinal plants, I decided to get acquainted with the correct collection of plants, since they are an important raw material for many medicinal preparations. In order for the drug to have the best effect on the body, it is very important to collect the plants at a certain time, dry them properly and store them.

You need to collect grass, leaves, flowers only in dry weather, preferably in the morning, as soon as the dew subsides. If you collect raw plants affected by fungi, eaten by insects, they will deteriorate. In tall plants, only flowering tops, no longer than 20-40 cm, are cut off, or flowering twigs are broken off. Only the blossoming flowers are collected, the wilted ones should not be taken.

So , roots dug out in the fall after the leaves fall or in early spring, cleaned with cold water.

Aboveground part plants containing volatile aromatic substances are harvested in early summer, when the leaves have fully blossomed and buds have set.

Green leaves and grass can be harvested all summer, but better in spring.

Flowers tear fully blossomed and only in clear weather.

Fruits and seeds- only mature.

The collected plants are dried in a well-ventilated room, and especially juicy ones, in a slightly heated oven or a special dryer at a temperature of 40-50 degrees. It is better to store dried plants in glass containers.

In the course of my work, I learned that plants collected according to a certain plan, carefully dried and labeled are called herbarium.

Herbarium.

"The flower is withered, dry,

Forgotten in the book I see;

And now with a strange dream

My soul was filled:

Where did it bloom? When? What spring?

And how long did it bloom? And ripped off by someone ... "

A.S. Pushkin.

The herbarium is collected to study the external appearance of the plant; to compare samples found in different areas; find out what has grown in a particular area in the past; changes in flora.

Since ancient times, travelers have sought to bring plants unknown in their homeland from distant countries. But was it easy to deliver the plant when it is months, and sometimes years, of a difficult journey to home? Even then, they began to dry the found flora samples in order to preserve them for a long time. Collections of dried plants began to be called "herbarium". The word "herbarium" appeared in the Middle Ages in Europe and then meant books about plants, their useful properties (in Russia they were called herbalists).

The oldest herbarium was collected at the beginning of the 16th century and is still kept in Rome. At the same time, a collection of dried medicinal plants was created, which were pasted on paper and bound in large volumes. In Russia, the first scientific herbarium appeared at the beginning of the 18th century, during the reign of Peter I.

Medicinal plants of our region.

The next step in my research was acquaintance with the plants of our region. The flora of our region is rich and diverse! You will go beyond the outskirts of the village, plunge into the green thicket of the forest, breathe in the scent of meadows and fields, and the feeling of love for your land becomes even stronger. You will feel the beauty of Siberian nature even more. More than 40 types of medicinal plants grow in the vastness of our region. According to their therapeutic use, they are divided into a number of groups. For example, motherwort has an effect on the cardiovascular system, wild rosemary- as an expectorant; burnet, sphagnum moss- hemostatic agents; chamomile, cumin, plantain, St. John's wort- with a disease of the gastrointestinal tract; rose hips, mountain ash, currants, lingonberries, cranberries- valuable vitamin products.

Making a collection.

After I read the necessary literature, I moved on to the practical part. Before proceeding with the production of the collection, we began to collect the plants we needed. The work was carried out under the guidance of a teacher. It took a lot of time, as the plants began to grow, bloom, bear fruit at different times. We collected them in the vicinity of the village: in the forest, on the banks of the Ob River, near human habitation, in the meadows.

During the collection, I always photographed the plant I needed, made sketches and notes.

Arriving home, he transferred the sketches to the album sheet.

Lily of the valley Ledum. Rose hip.

Then he started preparing the materials for storage. The plants were dug up from the roots, carefully removing the soil from them, and placed between sheets of paper, while carefully straightening the leaves, flowers, and stems. Sample sheets were alternated with blank sheets. Large plants were cut into pieces and dried separately. Twigs with flowers were cut from trees and bushes.

During the drying period of the copies, he put things in order in his notes. Together with the teacher, he indicated the correct name of the plants, described the appearance; for example, what was the color of the petals of the corolla of a flower, since after drying, the color changes. They indicated when, by whom, where the plant was cut, how it is used in scientific and folk medicine.

But now the plants have dried up, and I started to design my collection. I chose a white A4 sheet as the background for all copies. I placed dried plants on the sheets and glued them.

On the next sheet, I wrote down all the data about this plant, relying on scientific literature and my own observations, pasted a photo. On sheet 3, a drawing made with colored pencils. I put all the sheets into perforated inserts and put them in one folder.

Conclusion.

Many wild medicinal plants have not yet been studied, and therefore their properties and qualities useful to humans have not been recognized. Scientific research carried out by scientists will allow in the future to introduce new plants into culture, which today can only be found as wild plants. The health pantry in the forest is open to everyone. However, one must be careful with her manifold gifts. Indeed, among the harmless and attractive-looking plants, there are many poisonous, although they, when used correctly, are healing. You need to get to know them well to avoid poisoning. The most dangerous in this regard henbane, wolf's bast, poisonous milestone... The procurement of medicinal raw materials is still produced in small sizes.

But man, penetrating deeper and deeper into natural processes, sometimes causes irreversible changes. As a result of human activity, the habitats of medicinal plants and themselves are being destroyed. Therefore, the protection of nature at the present time should become a national task. I would like to believe that people will come to their senses and will live in harmony with nature, without harming it. And then there will be no Red Books!

Conclusion.

But now the work is completed. The most important result of all the work done is the collection, made by me under the guidance of senior mentors. During my research I learned to observe; ask questions on the topic of work; identify the problem. I got great pleasure from my work. What is valuable is that knowledge and skills were obtained as a result of their own labor. I shared my experience in organizing research work with my comrades. The collection is in our class and anyone can get acquainted with it.

I am attaching some types of specimens from my collection.
Wormwood.

Description of the appearance.

M perennial herb with a thick, branched stem. The stem is erect, up to 120 cm high, thick, branched. The leaves are alternate, the flowers are small, yellow, tubular, collected in almost spherical baskets, forming a paniculate inflorescence at the top of the stem. Fruits are small brown oblong achenes. It grows like a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near dwellings. It is called in a different way - nehvorosh, bylnik. As a weed, it is distributed almost throughout the country. The herb has a peculiar smell and bitter taste. Collect it before the end of summer, and the roots in the fall.

AND

NS wormwood enhances the activity of the digestive organs, stimulates and improves appetite, therefore it has long been prescribed for sluggish digestion and decreased appetite. In medicine, it is used as a sedative. The drugs are prescribed for insomnia and neuralgia, as well as bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus, hypertension. Wormwood roots are used for epilepsy, seizures, convulsions, nervous system disorders. For kidney stones and bladder stones, wormwood is used in a mixture with bearberry leaves, horsetail grass and carrot and garden dill seeds. Externally used in the form of infusions for inflammation of the mucous membrane, for the treatment of wounds and ulcers.

Our observations.

NS wartwood flowers in June-August, bears fruit in September-October. It grows like a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near dwellings. In early spring, an overgrowth of the plant appears, and flowering begins in mid-July, and at the same time the wormwood was plucked and dried on the herbarium.

Bitter grass And fragrant itself,

And belly correction, And sweeps quickly.

Starfish.

Description of the appearance.

H your delicate flowers Suddenly, among the insects

Dissolve the petals. A commotion arose:

The breeze barely breathes, Pushed aside the family of stars

The petals are swaying. Giant thistle.

In the damp forest lower reaches, among the shady thickened and bushy meadows, these herbs are sure to be found. White five-petal corollas on thin low stems, small green leaves resemble stars. Hence the name - zvezdchatka. People call it woodlice. There are more than 50 types of them.

R Asthenia is used for bleeding, hemorrhoids, vitamin deficiency, heart disease and hernias. Steamed grass is applied to sore joints, to pain points with sciatica, rheumatism. Inflamed eyes are washed with plant juice. A decoction of the herb is used for aching bones and coughing. Wood lice are used for diseases of the liver and lungs, for endemic goiter and hemorrhoids. Outdoor baths from a strong decoction of woodlice herb are taken for swelling of the legs; general baths, lotions, compresses are done for various skin diseases, for acne, rashes, wounds and ulcers. All fresh plants without roots are used for food, salads are prepared.

R Asthenia is added to borscht, vinaigrette. Woodlice is considered both a medicinal plant and a melliferous plant. There are also just annoying weeds, shamelessly spawning in the fields and in the garden.

Starfish is common throughout the country.

Cowberry.

Description of the appearance.

Gathered berries Two berries in the mouth.

And we were counting many Berries in the forest!

Berries - in a mug, I'll take them to my mother ...

In autumn, sometimes in the forest, crimson tassels burn on a moss carpet. These are lingonberries. Sometimes it is red around. Lingonberry is a small shrub, from 7 to 25 cm high. The leaves are leathery, curved at the edges, shiny, the size of a marigold. At the tops of the branches, pale pink flowers are located in early June, collected in small clusters. The berries ripen in the second half of summer, on an August day, with insufficient heat even in September. The growing area is large enough.

NS lingonberry preparations are astringent, disinfectant and choleretic. Lingonberry leaves and berries contain many useful substances and are used in folk medicine for gastritis, diabetes, gout, rheumatism. An infusion of leaves is drunk for inflammation of the kidneys and bladder. Lingonberry berries are a valuable dietary product and remedy. Assign inside with sugar or honey, as well as dried or soaked. Dried berries are part of vitamin teas. Soaked, crushed and boiled lingonberries are served with various stews and food. Fruit drinks, jelly are good from lingonberry, add it when sauerkraut.

Our observations.

Lingonberry bears abundant fruit in coniferous and coniferous-deciduous forests. The observation of the plant was carried out outside the village. For medical purposes, lingonberry leaves are used, which are harvested in the spring during the period after the snow melts and before flowering. The shrub blooms at the end of June, and by the middle of July, collective flowering begins. At this time, the plant was plucked and dried on the herbarium. But then flowering passed, and fruits appeared, at first green, sour. By the end of August, the fruits ripen and become red-claret, juicy.

Valerian.

O writing appearance.

"Cat grass" - amendment for the sick:

A spine in the first aid kit to help the heart.

The most widely represented and is of great importance is valerian pharmacy. This perennial plant has a short vertical rhizome from which numerous thin roots extend. The root has a bitter taste that causes a burning sensation in the mouth. The stem is straight, full, furrowed. Flowers are white or white-pink, small, collected at the top of the stem in a lush panicle. The smell is strong, peculiar. The taste is bittersweet.

AND use in scientific and folk medicine.

Valerian rhizomes contain essential oil, esters of acetic, formic and butyric acids, sugar. Valerian preparations are used as a sedative for nervous excitement, insomnia, they relieve spasms of smooth muscle organs, dilate blood vessels with neuroses, angina pectoris, palpitations, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Valerian preparations increase blood clotting. Long-term use of high doses causes headaches, anxiety and disrupts the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of valerian should be under the supervision of a physician.

in for medicinal purposes, various preparations of valerian are used: water infusion, alcohol tincture, in the form of tablets, coated with a hard shell. The plant was picked on July 5, 2010.

Our observations.

The roots of the plants are dug up in the fall, when the aboveground part turns brown and pre-dried in the open air. The smell is strong, peculiar. The taste is sweetish-bitter, spicy. Valerian blooms from mid-June to mid-August. The plant is found in wet and swampy soils: in damp meadows, in river valleys.

Kalina.

O writing appearance.

Like a snow globe is white, And when the time has come,

In the spring she bloomed, At once she became

She exuded a delicate scent, All red from the berry.

Kalina is one of the most beloved berries from Siberians. In our country, there are about 80 species of viburnum. It is a shrub up to 4 meters high with grayish-brown bark. The flowers are white, located at the ends of the branches. For a long time, viburnum has regularly served a person - it gave food and medicine, found application in everyday life. Fruit juice with honey is drunk with increased blood pressure, it is also used as a prophylactic agent, prevents the appearance of malignant swelling. Kalina helps with colds of the upper respiratory tract, including coughs, hoarseness and bronchial asthma.

WITH vezh fruit weakens and helps with headaches. An infusion of berries is drunk for stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers, for pain in the heart, metabolic disorders, for eczema and skin ulcers. Viburnum berries were studied by pharmacologists, who found that they reduce heartbeat and are considered a vitamin, tonic and diuretic. In medicine, preparations from the viburnum bark are used as a good hemostatic agent. Infusion of flowers is drunk for hoarseness and coughing, inflammation of the respiratory tract, as well as for cholelithiasis and kidney stones. A decoction of young shoots is used for scrofula in children. Infusion of flowers and fruits is an excellent cosmetic product.

H Our observations.

The observation of the viburnum was carried out both at the school site and at a private garden plot. Kalina bloomed much later than usual, since it was late spring. The flowering of the shrub was abundant. The primrose appeared in mid-June and the berries appeared in mid-July. By mid-August, the fruits turned orange. During the flowering period, leaves were taken, flowers for the herbarium and were dried according to all the rules.
Currant.

O writing appearance.

Was green, small

Then I became scarlet.

I turned black in the sun.

And now I'm ripe.

On a hot summer day, black currants are fragrant on the bank of the stream. Numerous clusters of juicy, fragrant black fruits hang down. The smell is far away. Fishermen, hunters, tourists are drawn to currants. Some will pick berries, some will throw in a wonderful drink - forest tea - a fragrant currant leaf. There are 36 species in our country, but the most valuable is black currant.

h Black currant is a shrub up to 1.5 meters high, with brownish branches and very fragrant leaves.

Application in scientific and traditional medicine.

The rich chemical composition of the fruits determines their beneficial effect on the human body in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. In medicine, fresh currant fruits or their juice are taken with vitamin deficiency, as well as a general tonic after chronic diseases. They are popularly used in the treatment of hypertension, severe headache, kidney and urolithiasis, tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands, anemia and other ailments. Currant berries are widely used in fresh food, they are used to prepare juice, compote, fruit drink, jam, jam, marinades.

H Our observations.

The plant was observed on a private plot of the backyard farm. This bush is cultivated by man. The first leaves on the currant appeared in mid-May. Flowering was abundant, reached in late June. Fruits were harvested at the beginning of August, when they were fully ripe. It grows along the banks of rivers and streams, along wet meadows and the shores of lakes and oxbows, among the bushes of willow and viburnum. For the herbarium, the plant was taken on June 25, 2010, in dry, clear, sunny weather.

Horsetail.

O writing appearance.

Chamomile grows in the meadow

Buttercup pungent, clover - porridge!

What else? Carnation, tar,

Bell, horsetail - like a Christmas tree.

A magnificent sight is the green horsetail cover in the forest. Their thin, graceful, often drooping or upwardly directed branches, covered with dew drops, sparkling in the sun with a multi-colored rainbow, are unusually picturesque. Popular names field pine, pusher. Horsetail has 2 shoots, up to 20 cm high. Horsetail rhizomes are horizontal. This plant looks like a ponytail. Old Russian names "horsetail", "horsetail", "khvoshnik", "khvoshnik" also mean "tail".

AND

The grass contains many nutrients and vitamins. It has a hemostatic effect, removes salts, has an astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing effect, is part of a diuretic tea. In case of renal diseases, the infusion is used together with a liquid extract of shepherd's purse, in addition, the horsetail preparation is prescribed as a strong diuretic for edema and congestion, especially for patients with heart disease, for lung diseases, pleurisy, gout, rheumatism, kidney and cholelithiasis. Outwardly, a decoction of horsetail is used to wash wounds and ulcers, rinse the oral cavity in case of inflammatory processes. In dental practice, an infusion of the herb of a plant is used, which is used to rinse the mouth with periodontal disease.

H Our observations.

The observation was carried out for the plant in a forest clearing, near the village. The first outgrowths appeared in early June. Horsetail grows on sandy slopes, cliffs, shallows. In dry weather, from July to September, only summer green branchy stems are harvested. There is no smell. The taste is slightly sour. Horsetail is distributed throughout the country in the lowland and mountainous parts. The plant was picked on June 30, 2010 at 12 noon, in sunny warm weather.

Marsh marigold.

Description of the appearance.

Flowers disappear on the ground, Revelation of meadow flowers.

This is more noticeable every year. We hardly understood.

Less joy and beauty We trampled them carelessly

Leaves us every summer. And madly, mercilessly tore

Marsh marigold is a common perennial plant with a creeping stem and a fibrous stem. The stem is smooth, hollow, slightly branched. The leaves are dark green, heart-shaped. The flowers are bright yellow.

AND use in folk and scientific medicine.

For the preparation of medicinal products, the entire plant harvested during the flowering period is used. Kaluzhnitsa, like all buttercups, is poisonous. Taking it internally causes nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, and when used externally, it irritates the skin and mucous membranes. Nevertheless, marigold preparations are used in scientific and folk medicine. Decoctions and infusions are taken orally for metabolic disorders, fever, colds, anemia, antitumor. The juice of fresh leaves is used as a wound healing agent; the leaves are applied to the burnt places. Sometimes the infusion is taken as an analgesic and anti-cold remedy. You cannot use marigold on your own.

H Our observation.

The marigold was observed in a small swampy area near the village. The flowering of the plant began in early June, much later than usual. This is due to the fact that there was a protracted spring. Abundant flowering began in the third decade of June and lasted until early July. The plant was plucked on June 23 at 12 noon. Kaluzhnitsa is found in wet and swampy forests and meadows, shallow waters and the banks of reservoirs.

Tansy.

O writing appearance.

Many herbs grow useful

On the land of the native country.

Can cope with illness

Mint, tansy, St. John's wort.

The people call tansy wild mountain ash. It is a perennial plant. Leaves of tansy resemble mountain ash, lignified stem with yellow - golden baskets of flowers. The fruit is an oblong achene. Tansy has a peculiar smell reminiscent of camphor. The taste is bitter and spicy.

AND use in scientific and folk medicine.

For medical purposes, tansy flower baskets are used. Tansy preparations have an antiseptic, antispasmodic choleretic effect. Their effect on the body is beneficial for acute intestinal diseases, liver disease, gallbladder disease, in the treatment of lambiosis, hepatitis, and also improves appetite and digestion. Infusions and decoctions of inflorescences have an antihelminthic effect. Dry extract is used for hypertension. In folk medicine, tansy is used for jaundice, as an antipyretic agent, for peptic ulcer disease. In folk phototherapy, tansy is used for cardiovascular and nervous diseases (for headaches, as a sedative and hypnotic, for hysteria, noise in the head, epilepsy, dropsy, palpitations.

H Our observations.

The plant was observed at the school site. The first leaves appeared in mid-May. Tansy leaves grow quite quickly. In early July, the plant began to gain buds, which bloomed in the second decade of July and bloomed until mid-August, forming a fruit in the form of an oblong achene. The plant was cut on June 22 at 12 noon. The weather was cloudy, the air temperature was + 17 degrees. Tansy grows along forest edges, meadows, meadows, near dwellings. Found everywhere in Russia.
Plantain.

O writing appearance.

Plantain is a tried-and-true orderly,

The healer of the feet, on the way of the wounded, -

I went to the road, got ready,

Maybe he thinks who will need it.

This plant has an amazingly accurate name: along the road, there are wide ovoid leaves spread on the ground. They are collected in a rosette, from the center of which a leafless stem with a spike-shaped inflorescence of small brownish flowers grows. Fruits - greenish nuts 1-2 mm in size - secrete a sticky substance that allows them to stick to the clothes and shoes of people passing by or to the fur of animals.

AND use in scientific and folk medicine.

The wound healing effect of plantain leaves was known a thousand years ago. Gruel from the leaves is applied to scuffs on the legs, to wounds, abscesses, burns, edema after bee and wasp stings. An infusion and decoction of the leaves is recommended as an expectorant, but it is successfully used in the treatment of stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis with low acidity. A decoction of the leaves caresses the oral cavity with inflammation. The juice of fresh leaves also enhances the secretion of the stomach, and the extract has a calming effect. He was also appreciated by the healers of Ancient Greece and Rome. Plantain is also highly appreciated in cosmetics. It improves the processes of skin regeneration, increases its tone, relieves inflammation. Plantain is of great importance in dietary nutrition. It is also included in the miscellaneous fees.

H Our observations.

The plant was observed along the roads of the village. The first leaves appeared in the last days of May. At the end of June, flower arrows appeared. It blooms throughout the summer. It gave fruit in August. The plant was plucked into the herbarium on June 23, 2010. The day was cloudy, the air temperature was 15 degrees. The plantain grows in the village and along the roads and near dwellings. There are more than two hundred species of plantain. About thirty species grow in our country.

Buttercup.

O writing appearance.

A poisonous plant with bright yellow flowers, popularly nicknamed "night blindness". People have long noticed this quality of the flower and called it "buttercup". In the first half of summer, oil-yellow flowers on thin straight stalks come across every now and then. Buttercup is a perennial herb with fibrous roots and a branched stem up to 70 cm high.

AND use in folk and scientific medicine.

In folk medicine, dry and fresh herb is used, which contains: carotene, ascorbic acid, anemonol. All buttercups are poisonous. Buttercup decoction is used for myositis, neuralgic and headaches, edema, gout and rheumatism, as a means of toning the nervous system and increasing blood pressure. Outwardly - for the treatment of wounds, burns, skin diseases. Warts are reduced with fresh leaves. Without consulting a doctor, buttercup preparations, and especially inside, cannot be used. Especially poisonous during flowering. In the old days, buttercup juice was used to rub the legs from aches, and the broth was used instead of mustard plasters.

H Our observations.

In the first half of summer, oil-yellow flowers on thin straight stalks come across every now and then. They are found everywhere: along roads, in vegetable gardens, on forest paths. These are buttercups. They bloomed in early summer, June 10. The plant was plucked into the herbarium on June 20 at 12 noon. It was a clear sunny day, 22 degrees Celsius. The plant grew on the school grounds. The plant is distributed almost throughout the entire territory of Russia.

References.

NS. Evseeva, L.N. Okisheva. Geography of the Tomsk region. Nature, natural resources. Tomsk - 2005. No. 3.

Rudskiy V.G. Ecology. World around us. 1.3 class. Tomsk - 1998.

V.S. Novikov, I.A. Gubanov. "School Atlas - Determinant of Higher Plants". Moscow "Education" 1991. №3.

L.I. Barinov. Forest pharmacy. In the world of medicinal herbs. Kharkov - 1991.

G. Sviridov. Forest garden. Tomsk - 1987.

V.V. Petrov. The flora of our Motherland. Moscow "Education" 1991.

A.A. Camp. Green pharmacy. Medicinal plants of Siberia. Tomsk - 1991.

Research topic: Medicinal plants of the native land Object area: Medicine Research object: Medicinal plants growing in the Kaliningrad region. Research subject: The importance of medicinal plants for a healthy lifestyle. Problem In our industrial age, with severe environmental pollution, it is simply impossible to stay absolutely healthy. We are constantly under the threat of getting a whole bunch of diseases. Often, medicine is powerless, so medicinal plants can come to the rescue. Knowledge in this area was not enough, and we decided to replenish it by researching medicinal plants of our region.

Relevance and novelty This topic is now very relevant, since the disease is easier to prevent than later, trying to get rid of it. Isn't it easier now just to look around and see what nature gives us? Our kind and all-powerful doctor "nature" has foreseen everything, and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. Hypothesis If you study different types of medicinal plants, learn how to properly harvest and use them, you can prevent and cure many diseases and look great without the use of chemical tablets.

Purpose of work: Collecting the necessary information about the benefits of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases. Objectives: 1) Development of the ability to work with additional literature. 2) Acquaintance with the history of medicinal plants, with their correct preparation. 3) Determination of the role of medicinal plants in our area in a healthy lifestyle. 4) Raising interest in a healthy lifestyle. Research methods Study and use of encyclopedias, scientific publications, dictionaries, the method of comparison, comparison. Practical relevance: every student can open a job and find the right medicinal plant for various diseases and how they can be treated at home.

In Russia, for a long time, leaves, bark, and flowers of plants have been used to treat many diseases. Under Tsar Ivan the Terrible, pharmaceutical huts were opened in Russia, and medicinal plants were brought from different countries worth their weight in gold, he ordered to supply medicinal plants not only to the royal court, but also to the army.

Rules for the collection of medicinal plants. Plants are harvested in dry weather, when the dew has already disappeared. It is necessary to ensure that there is no dust and dirt on the plants. You cannot collect medicinal plants along roads, on city streets, in public gardens. These plants accumulate harmful substances that are thrown into the air by cars. Flowers are harvested at the beginning of flowering; leaves - before flowering or at the beginning of it; roots and rhizomes - in spring and autumn; bark - in the spring, at the beginning of sap flow, when it separates well.

Black Elderberry Raspberry In folk medicine, raspberries are considered an antipyretic agent for influenza, bronchitis, laryngitis, expectorant when coughing. In folk medicine, a decoction made from flowers and fruits of black elderberry is used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic

Nettle In folk medicine, nettle is used as a wound healing, diuretic, tonic, laxative, vitamin, expectorant. It is used for various bleeding, heart disease, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, allergies. Outwardly - for wounds, bleeding, skin diseases, to strengthen hair.

Conclusion In our industrial age, with severe environmental pollution, it is simply impossible to stay absolutely healthy. We are constantly under the threat of getting a whole bunch of diseases. Medicine is often powerless. But why do we forget that we have behind us thousands of years of experience of our ancestors, who for centuries have been putting recipes for the treatment of various ailments in the treasury of traditional medicine. The disease is easier to prevent than later, tormenting to try to get rid of it. Isn't it easier now just to look around and see what nature gives us? Our kind and all-powerful doctor "nature" has foreseen everything, and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. Therefore, we studied the medicinal plants in our area, their action and application.

Literature. D. Weaver "Home doctor" VV Petrov "The plant world of our Motherland" AF Gammerman "Plants-healers". Moscow, 1986 "Medicinal plants and their use." Vladivostok. MP "Exlibris", 1992. Encyclopedia of the nature of Russia. Reference edition. Publishing house "ABF". Moscow. V.I.Dal "Explanatory Dictionary"

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Abstract of GCD in the senior group "Plants - healers of the native land"

Summary of GCD in the senior group

Topic: « Plants - healers of the native land»

Tasks: create conditions for consolidating children's knowledge about flora of the native land

Target:.

Strive to make children feel grateful that the world is beautiful.

Learn to use plant world wisely.

Show that you can get rid of many diseases with the help of nature.

Develop children's creativity, imagination, speech, attention, memory.

Foster respect for native nature.

Material: Map of Khakassia, illustrations of trees at different times of the year, postcards with a picture medicinal herbs.

Preliminary work:

Conversation about medicinal herbs reading stories about trees, memorizing poetry, looking at wood products.

GCD move:

My country is wide dear

There are many forests, fields and rivers in it

I don’t know any other country

Where man breathes so freely.

Today we will talk with you about native land... Our region is rich in fields, meadows, lakes, rivers, and forests. Let's remember. What trees grow with us?

Ball game "Name the tree"

For many people, the symbol of Russia is the white-trunk birch. A beautiful birch can be found in the forest, in the field, on our site, it decorates city parks. There are no such birches and birch groves anywhere in the world. It's nice to walk in a birch grove at any time of the year. Birch is a favorite tree of the people, so many verses are not written about one tree.

White birch I love Russian birch

Under my window That light, then sad,

Covered with snow, In a green sarafan

Like silver With handkerchiefs in their pockets

And there is a birch with beautiful fasteners,

In sleepy silence With green earrings.

And the snowflakes are burning I love her, smart,

In a golden fire. Dear, beloved

That clear, ebullient,

That sad, weeping.

Didactic exercise: "Tell me what birch is"(white-barrel, slender, curly, crystal, fabulous, weeping, elegant.)

Why is birch called "Doctor"? (prepared from birch buds medications, a birch broom drives out ailments, the juice is healthy and tasty.)

Examination of wood products.

A game "Stand by the tree".

And now we will go with you to the meadow, see what herbs are there grow... Why are these herbs called "Green Pharmacy"?

Consideration of herbs and stories of children about the benefits of each herb.

Nettle is medicinal plant... She grows in the garden, in the garden, in the forest. Soup and salad are made from nettle leaves. Nettle stops the blood, cleans it. Nettle leaves draw out pus. If the nettle is crumpled and applied to the wound, it will heal quickly. There are many vitamins in nettles. Brew nettles, wash your hair so that there is good hair. Shampoo is made from nettle and added to toothpaste.

From nettle leaves

Delicious salads.

Only it is necessary to add to them

Onions, garlic, tomatoes.

And in the nettle salad

Lots of vitamin "WITH"

The ones we serve

Change in the face.

Chamomile is medicinal plant... She grows everywhere - in the garden, vegetable garden, in the field. It is brewed and drunk for colds. If your eyes hurt "Fester", then the chamomile is brewed, and the eyes are washed. Hair is washed with a decoction of chamomile so that it is thick and does not fall out.

White daisies scattered

In the meadows, among the tall grasses,

As if someone had scattered pieces of paper

Drawing suns on them

Ringing bell invites

Gather them in a field bouquet,

But daisies are tricky girls

They only smile back.

Dandelion - medicinal plant, he grows everywhere, all around Russia. They make a salad from it, make jam. Dandelion infusion is drunk for abdominal pain. Dandelion juice is used to remove warts.

Mother stepmother is medicinal plant... Stepmother's mother first flowers grow... The stems of flowers are covered with feathers, they protect them from the cold at night, and from the sun during the day. Then leaves appear, the upper side of the leaves is smooth, shiny, and the lower side is all fluffy, soft. If you put the sheet with the top side to your cheek, the sheet is cold - this is the stepmother, and if the bottom side of the sheet, then it is warm - this is the mother. Mother - stepmother is brewed and drunk for coughs and colds.

Peeped out a flower

In the forest semi-darkness

Little scout

Sent in the spring

Even above the forest

Snow dominates

Let them lie under the snow

Sleepy meadows

Let on the sleeping river

Fixed ice, -

Once a scout came

And spring will come.

Plantain is medicinal plant... Where people walk, there is plantain is growing... He is also called a fellow traveler, because he is always with people on the way. Plantain stops the blood. If the bee bites and the plantain leaf is applied, the pain will go away. They make a decoction and drink for a cough and stomach treatment.

There are many colors

Beautiful. Cautious

But I am the nicest of all

Common plantain

Him, perhaps

And harder grow,

And yet he is with people

On the way!

A game "What does this sign mean?" (behavior of children in the forest, what can and cannot be done in the forest.)

Many plants are listed in the Red Book and we must take good care of them.

Related publications:

"Crafts of the native land" Synopsis of the OOD on local history in the preparatory group Objectives: To acquaint children with traditional folk crafts of their native land; To teach children how to make a folk rag spinning doll. Tasks:.

Synopsis of the integrated lesson "Medicinal plants of the Krasnodar Territory" in the senior group Tasks: Educational: - expand and enrich the children's vocabulary with new words, names, teach them to use them in speech - expand knowledge.

Abstract of the GCD for familiarization with the outside world in the preparatory group "Take care of the nature of your native land!" Objectives: Educational: 1. To give an idea that nature is our common home. To consolidate ideas about the diversity of the nature of the native.

Abstract of the GCD "Poets of the Native Land"“Poets of the Hometown” Purpose: Fostering love for the native land and nature based on the poetry of local poets. Objectives: 1. To develop children's interest.

Educational area: Cognitive development. Type of activity: Research of objects of animate and inanimate nature. Age group: Senior.

Synopsis on speech development in the senior group for the regional component compiling the story "Autumn colors of the native land" Model of educational activity: Speech - speech development (09/05/2016) Educator: Kesyan NS Topic: “Composing a story“ Autumn.

Lesson "Plants of the native land"

Goals:

generalization and systematization of students' knowledge about the diversity of plants;

repetition of the distinctive features of different groups of plants;

expansion of knowledge about plants of the Kemerovo region;

formation of an idea of ​​the value of the world of plants for humans;

fostering a respectful attitude, love for the nature of their region;

development of attention, thinking, cognitive interest and speech of students, development of the ability to compare, analyze, generalize.
Equipment:

computer;

presentation for the lesson "Plants of the native land";

Plants of the Kemerovo region.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Communication of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Guess the riddle: Breathes, grows, but cannot walk.

What's this? (Plant).

What do you think will be discussed in the lesson? (About plants.) - So, the topic of our lesson: “Plants of the native land.” We will recall the known facts, learn new ones, learn about the plants of the Kemerovo region, listed in the Red Book, perform interesting exercises.

III. Generalization about plants. 1) Groups of plants. - First we need to remember what we already know. Tell me, what groups are all plants divided into? - Plants are divided into three groups: trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants.

Let's remember the distinctive features of different groups of plants. Describe the tree.

2) Trees. - A tree is a plant with one well-developed lignified stem - a trunk, branches begin at some distance from the ground and form a crown.

In the forest-steppe zone of the Kemerovo region, there are forests consisting of birch, aspen, and other trees.

These are deciduous trees, the leaf shape is a wide plate.

Having solved the next riddle, you will find out what other trees grow in our area. What's in one shirt in summer and winter? (Fur tree, pine tree).

What kind of trees are they?

Conifers, leaf shape - needles.

What other representatives of conifers do you know? (Fir, larch, cedar.).

Right. They only grow in taiga forests. - Do you think trees are needed in our city? Why?

We cannot do without trees in the city, because they not only provide us with oxygen, but also protect our houses from dust, harmful substances, taking all this into their foliage.

Right. See how many kilograms of dust per year the trees planted under the window take on their crowns.

Oak - 54kg per year.

Maple - 33kg per year.

Pine - 35kg per year.

Spruce - 32kg per year.

3) The game "Guess the trees." -And now, guess the riddles, and name the trees

She lowered her curls into the river and became sad about something. (Willow.)

Sticky buds, green leaves, with white bark, stands under the mountain. (Birch.)

In the middle of summer a blizzard: its fluff flies and spreads. (Poplar.)

Which of these trees is often called the symbol of Russia?

Birch.

Why? (Answers of children.)

4) Shrubs.

Now let's remember which group of plants does the lilac belong to?

Lilac is a shrub.

Describe the shrub.

A shrub is a plant with several small lignified trunks, with branches starting directly from the ground.

Name the shrubs you know. (Rosehip, elderberry, lilac ...)

5) Herbaceous plants.

What group of plants can chamomile belong to? (Chamomile belongs to herbaceous plants.) Describe the herbaceous plants. How are they different from trees and shrubs?

Herbaceous plants have a soft green stem with leaves and flowers. They are almost always shorter than trees and bushes. The exception is the banana, which has a height of 7 meters.

Name the herbaceous plants. (Answers of children.)

In the meadows, along the roads, on the slopes of the ravines of our region, you can see wheatgrass, wormwood, timothy grass, feather grass.

6) Plant - land decoration.

They say: “A plant is a decoration of the earth.” How do you understand the meaning of this saying? (Answers of children).

Green plants adorn cities, towns and homes. Neither city streets nor old palace ensembles can be imagined without flowers and trees. Both on weekdays and on holidays, plants are next to us.

7) The game “Guess the flowers.” - Yes, flowers delight us with their beauty and aroma. But the trouble is, the letters in the words are mixed, think and guess the names of the flowers.

AKM (MAC), LPTYUAN (TULIP), RCINASS (NARCISS), ONPI (PION)

III. Acquaintance with the plants of the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region.

The role of plants in human life is significant. He uses them both as food and as a building material. Plants adorn human life. And we have to take care of nature in order to keep it healthy. "To protect nature means to protect the Motherland." Every person should remember these words.

Many plant species are starting to disappear from our planet. To prevent this from happening, people thought about preserving endangered and rare species. For this, the Red Book is being kept. The Red Book is a special book. She warns: “Caution! Trouble can happen! "

And indeed it is. If we do not protect the plants included in the Red Data Book, they will die. The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region contains information about plants in need of urgent assistance and protection. Some plants suffer from trampling. The immoderate collection of medicinal raw materials brings a lot of troubles to the plant world, when every last flower is cut off. Some herbs disappear due to the fault of amateur flower growers. They dig up plants in the forest and try to grow them in their gardens. Most of the dug out plants do not take root, they die. The person who plucked the flower probably does not think that he may have killed another plant of an endangered species.

Let's get to know some of the plants from the Red Book of our area.

The water lily is pure white.

Adonix Spring.

Did you know that the water lily bask in the water during the day. And people admire her, And at night she dives under the water. The water lily will grip the white petals into a fist and dive headlong. Sleeps all night deep. It will be a clear morning - she will emerge from the water again. Again, the water lily will unfold its petals towards the sun and will delight everyone.

Vii. Lesson summary.

Did you enjoy the lesson? Continue the sentence, choosing the beginning with the words ... "I learned (a)", "I repeated (a)", "I was surprised", "I remembered".