Military historical reconstruction of the Khassan battle of 1938.

At night black, night dark -

There was an order on the front Dan,

The battle is stopped

Near Lake Hasan!

Stars in the sky did not shine

But blossomed blood with fire

We are more than once the Japanese beat

And more than once again!

S.Alimov.

From the memories of the former boss of the border shop "Podgorny" Hero Soviet Union P. Tereshkin:

"On July 29, the head of the district political waste Divisionan commissioner Bogdanov and Colonel Krovika. ... At the beginning of the conversation, I urgently called Lieutenant Mahalin on the telephone. I reported to Bogdanov. In response: "Let them act independently, the Japanese to our territory should not allow ...". Mahalin says again and an agitated voice says: "The big squad of the Japanese broke the border and began to attack the location of the border project, we will stand to death, revenge for us! Communication interrupted. I asked permission from the Bogdanov Divisional Commissioner to hold the Mahalin group with fire machine guns. This was denied a motivation in this that it would cause the Japanese response actions and in the height of Zaozernoy. Then I sent 2 departments under the command of Mokenote, and Bataroshina to help Lieutenant Mahalin. Soon the Bogdanov Division Commissioner and the Head of the Crane Department decline in Posteys. "July 19, 19 hours. 20 minutes. Dormant to the Emboss of the Far Eastern District in the direct wire: "Colonel Fedotov, who was at the height of Zavoral at 18 o'clock. 20 minutes. Donets that unnamed height is freed from the Japanese. And that at the height was found killed Lieutenant Mahalin and found four wounded Red Army. The rest are not yet found at all. The Japanese in the fog moved and settled about 400 meters from the border line. "

Lieutenant of the border troops A.Makhalin

From this battle, in which 11 Soviet border guards fought with the infantry of the Japanese regular army, the Khassan incident began. He caused a long time ago. During his unsuccessful intervention of 1918-22, the Japanese began to seriously think about rejection from Russia and the attachment to the Mikado empire of the entire Far East to Baikal. They did not hide their expansionist fantasies in Tokyo, in 1927 they were voiced by Prime Minister Tanaka in his memorandum. In response, the USSR in 1928 proposed to conclude a non-aggression pact, but the proposal was not accepted. On the contrary, the Imperial General Staff began developing war plans against the USSR. These plans differed significantly from the usual operational plans, the compilation of which is the function of any general staff of any country. War plans against the USSR, who had the code name "OCU", never worked a theoretical nature, always differed by concreteness and thoroughness of development.

In 1931, the Japanese-Chinese war began and the occupation of Manchuria, on Japanese plans it was only a prelude to invade Siberia. It was calculated that the Kwantung army by 1934 should be technically and organizationally ready for the attack on the USSR. The Soviet Union again proposed to conclude a nonsense pact, but unsuccessfully.

In order to create more profitable terms To hit the USSR at the beginning of the 30s, the Japanese organized numerous provocations on the Chinese Eastern railway (CERD) connecting Transbaikalia with Port Arthur (Luishun). The road was built by Russian EmpireHe was the property of the USSR, had a strip of alienation and extraterritorial status. In 1929, the Red Army had already fought for her with the Belokinese, but this time the enemy was much more serious.

In response to the extreme aggravation of the situation at the CER. In 1933, the Soviet Union offered Japan to buy the road, after a very heavy bargaining on March 23, 1935, an agreement was signed on the acquisition of the road to the authorities under the controlled Japanese manzhou-go for 140 million yen. It was significantly less than those funds that were invested by the Russian government in the construction of the CER.

In February 1936, there was an attempt to a state coup in Tokyo and, although she failed, more radically configured politicians came to power. On November 25 of the same year, Japan signed the so-called "Anti-Comintern Pact" with Germany, the main goal of which was the liquidation of the USSR. In response, the Soviet Union strengthened the help of China, which with its resistance kept Japan from invasion. Nanjing authorities (the capital at the time was Nanjing) and the Communists received Soviet money, armament, military advisers and volunteers were sent, among which there were especially many pilots. The same USSR did both in the West, helping in counterweights of Germany and Italy, red in the newly broken off the civil war in Spain.

In the meantime, the preparation of war against the USSR intensified in Government and military circles of Japan. The main elements in it were the acceleration of the creation of a military and military-industrial bridgehead in Manchuria and Korea, the expansion of aggression in China and the seizure of the most developed areas of the Northern, Central and South China. The program was approved by the Government of General S.Hayashi, who came to power in February 1937. At the first meeting of the government, General Hayashi said that "with the policy of liberalism in relation to the Communists will be over." In the Japanese printing began to appear frankly anti-Soviet articles with calls "to the march to the Urals".

Cabinet Hayashi was soon forced to resign, giving way to the new government led by Prince F. Konoe, whose political platform was open to Anti-Russian. Both countries were on the threshold of a big war.

What could this war be, showed a monstrous massacre, arranged by the Japanese when taking the Chinese capital Nanjing in December 1937, as a result of which more than 300 thousand civilians were killed and at least 20 thousand Chinese women were raped.

Anticipating the possibility of a sharp aggravation of relations, the USSR government on April 4, 1938 offered Japan peaceful by resolving all controversial questions. The response to this was the propaganda campaign around the so-called "controversial territories" on the border of Manzhou-Go with Primorye, departed by Japan in May-June 1938.

The Japanese were ready. Already at the end of 1937, thirteen fortifications were created on the border with the Soviet Union and the MTR. Each of them could be placed from one to three infantry divisions. Half of the 13th level was built at the boundaries of Primorye. Japan has actively built roads in Manchuria, military facilities, enterprises located in close proximity to the borders of the USSR. In North and Northeast Manchuria, the main grouping of the Quantong Army was concentrated (about 400 thousand people, which was 2/3 of the entire Japanese army). In addition, the Japanese kept reserve armies in Korea.

But the Soviet Union was also preparing for a collision. In January 1938, the Japanese tried to seize the height in the Golden Golden section, in February, the same thing happened in the site of the "duck" sewing border, both provocations were stopped.

On April 14, the head of the Poshetsky border station, Colonel K.E. Grebnik, issued an order for the preparation of making and divisions to defensive battles in connection with the intentions of the Japanese to perform armed provocations at the border. And on April 22, 1938, the commander of the special Red-known Far Eastern District Marshal V.K. Blyukher gave an order to bring aviation, parts of anti-aircraft defense, air surveillance services, lighting, communications and strengthening into a state of increased combat readiness.

On June 13, 1938, an unusual incident occurred on the Soviet-Japanese border. She moved and surrendered to the Japanese head of the NKVD department for the Far Eastern Territory of the city of Lushkov. The information received from it was completely shocked by the Japanese command. It learned that the Red Army in the Far East is much stronger than the Japanese assumed. Nevertheless, preparation for exploration by the fight by Japan continued.

The Soviet side also arrived. On June 28, 1938, a special red-known Far Eastern district was transformed into the Far Eastern Red Banner Front, which was headed by Marshal of the Soviet Union V.K. Blucher. All Majan on the border continued more and more arrogant Japanese provocations.

In response to this, on July 12, Soviet border guards occupied in controversial territory from the Mangzhou-Coal Nobe, one of two dominant heights in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hasan. And the construction of fortifications began there.

Natka is careen

July 14, the Manzhou Government said the USSR protest about the violation soviet troops The Manchu border, and the 15th during the next provocation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Japanese Gendarm died in the area. Immediate reaction followed - July 19, with the connivance of the official authorities of Japan in Tokyo, the local fascists were made for the election of the Soviet Union.

July 20, the Japanese demanded to convey the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hassan Manzhou. The collision has become inevitable. On July 22, the Directive of the People's Commissar of Marshal K. Voroschilov Commander of the Far Eastern Red-known Front of Marshal V. Blukhura about bringing the front troops to combat readiness, and the 24th day of the Military Council of the Front, 118, 119 of the Rifle regiments and 121 cavalry regiments. The demoral wave of repression in the army commander commander reinsured and sent a height commission to investigate the actions of Soviet border guards. After the Commission found a violation by the border guards of the Manchur border for 3 meters, V. Blyuher sent a telegram to the Commissar of Defense with the requirement of immediate arrest of the head of the border and other "culprits in provoking the conflict" with the Japanese, for which he was sharply torn from Moscow.

After the start of the incident on July 29 and attacks on the border guards, the Japanese continued their attacks on another day, expanding the offensive band and including height nameless in her. Parts of the 53rd separate anti-tank arthdivision were urgently deployed to the aid of border guards. The 1st Primorsk Army and the Pacific Fleet were shown in the combat.

At 3 o'clock in the morning, on July 31, the Japanese troops attacked the hills of Copies with significant forces and unnamed, and they took them to 8 o'clock. All further struggle during the conflict went for these dominant heights. On the same day, the Complert Marshal V. Blyukher sent 32 Rifle Division to the incident area and 2 mechanized brigade. In the headquarters of the Rifle Corps of the Front of the Front Commary G. Shechlis and the Army Commissioner of the 1st Rank L. Mehlis, who flew to the Far East on July 29th.

Red Army women in the tag of Lake Hassan

Nevertheless, August 1 and 2, Soviet troops, despite the general superiority in the power, could not succeed. The invasion site was chosen by the Japanese very well. From their shores of the River Mistogany (Tumen-Ula, Tumynjiang), several dirt roads and a railway branch approached the place of incident, thanks to which they could easily maneuver. From the Soviet side there were swamps and actually Lake Hasan, which excluded frontal attacks on the heights captured by Japanese. During the border of the USSR, the troops were prohibited, so they attacked under the constant threat of impacts to the flank from the Japanese, who could not be suppressed by artillery.

Calculation of 76.2-mm Punches of the 1902/1930 reads a summary of the fighting area. 32 RKKA Rifle Division, beginning of August 1938 (AVL).

Marshal V. Blyuher received personally from I.stalin to catch up for delay in the use of aviation (the Japanese available aviation throughout the conflict did not use). But Marshal had an excuse, the weather during the battle was not just cloudy, the fighters fought under the real tropical shower. However, the troops and without this for a number of reasons were not sufficiently prepared to fight a strong opponent. The main one was the low level of training teams, many of which took their positions quite recently, making dizzying careers as a result of repression.

To strengthen the command on August 3, the drug defense was sent by V. Blukhru directive with the requirement to immediately eliminate multiplinary in the management of troops. All parts operating in the area of \u200b\u200bthe conflict were reduced in 39 rifle hull in the 40, 32, 39 rifle divisions, 2 mechanized brigade and other smaller parts. Passage of the housing was assigned the beginning of the front of Gastron.

Comkor G.Stern

On August 4, Japan proposed to resolve the incident peacefully, in response to the USSR stated that it could be settled only when the troops were assigned to the line they occupied as of early July 29.

Meanwhile, the battles continued. G. Shetern put forward parts of the corps at the south of Lake Hasan. In total, over 15 thousand people, 1014 machine guns, 237 guns, 285 tanks have already been tightly in the area of \u200b\u200bcombat operation.

T-26 from the composition of the Tank Battalion of the 32nd Rifle Division of the Red Army. Tanks are disguised as engineering. District of Lake Hasan, August 1938 (RGAKFD)

On August 5, Moscow allowed the troops to use the Manchurian territory for attacks on dominant heights. V. Blyukher gave an order to start an offensive on August 6.

The offensive began with a massive actuator and subsequent bombardment of 216 by the Soviet aircraft of Japanese positions. As a result of the assault, it was possible to master the height of caretary. The banner on it was set by Lieutenant 118 Rifle Shelf 40 Rifle Division I.Moshak.

Lieutenant 118 Rifle Shelf 40 Rifle Division I. Moshlyak

During 7 and 8 August, the Japanese continuously attacked a caretary, but unsuccessfully, on August 9, part of the Red Army took the Soviet part of the height nameless.

The infantrymen of the 120th Rifle Shelf 40 SDs work out combat coherence, while in the reserve of the upcoming group. Height area Zaozernaya, August 1938 (RGAKFD)

On August 10, Japan appealed to the USSR with a proposal of truce. On August 11, the fire was discontinued, and from 20 o'clock on August 12, the main forces of the Japanese army, and the main forces of the Red Army in the northern part of the height of the closer were allocated back to the distance not closer than 80 meters from the ridge.

Commanders and fighters of one of the battalions of the 78th Kazan Red Banner Rifle Regiment of the 26th Zlatoust Red Banner Rifle Division under the command of Captain M.L. Spear in the operational reserve in the village of Seskino. Far Eastern Front, August 9, 1938 (RGACFD)

Red Banner over Height Cealed

During the conflict, up to 20 thousand people participated with each side. The losses of Soviet troops amounted to 960 dead and 2752 wounded. From among those killed:

- died on the battlefield - 759,

- Died in hospitals from wounds and diseases - 100,

- Lost - 95,

- died in the sky incidents - 6.

Japanese losses, according to Soviet data, amounted to about 650 killed and 2500 wounded.

Marshala V. Blyuher's actions during the conflict caused irritation in Moscow and soon after the end of the battle, he was called to the capital. From there, after the analysis of the results of the conflict, he was sent to relax south, where he was arrested. On November 9, 1938, he died in prison, not to withstand torture.

Marshal of the Soviet Union V.K. Blyukher

After two and a half months after the completion of the conflict of Lake Hasan. For exemplary execution of combat assignments and the courage and heroism by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 25, 1938, the 40th Infantry Division was awarded the Order of Lenin, the 32nd Infantry Division and the Patchetsky Border Council - the Order of the Red Banner.

26 participants in the battle was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union; 95 fighters and commanders were honored with the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner - 1985 participants in battles; 4 thousand people were awarded the Order of the Red Star, the medals "for the courage" and "for military merit" (this reward was established specifically). Only 6500 participants in the Khassan events received combat state awards.

On the hunter, the village of Kraskino, the 11-meter figure of the Red Army man is cast from bronze. This is a monument to those who fell home in the battles at Lake Hassan. Many railway stations and villages of Primorye are named after heroes - Mahalino, Provalovo, Pozharskoye, Bamburovo and others.

In 1938, the USSR government established a special sign "Participant Hasansky Bottles". He was awarded and the workers of the rear, helped and who supported the fighters and commanders of the Red Army. After a conflict of Lake Hassan, the Japanese once again checked the combat capability of the Red Army. The crushing defeat on the shores of the Khalkhin-goal made them, finally, to sign with the Soviet Union, a non-fire pact, who secured the USSR in the upcoming world war from the struggle on two fronts.

participants in the Hasansky battle were awarded

119 Rifle Regiment

120 rifle regiment

40 Easy Artillery Regiment

40 Gubic Artillery Regiment

40 Separate Tank Battalion (Art. Lieutenant Sitnik)

39 Rifle Division

115 Rifle Regiment

tank Rota

32 Saratov Rifle Division (Colonel N.E. Berzarin)

94 Rifle Regiment

95 rifle regiment

96 Rifle Regiment

32 Easy artillery regiment

32 Gubic Artillery Regiment

32 Separate Tank Battalion (Major M.V. Alimov)

26 Zlatoust Red Banner Infantry Division

78 Kazan Red Banner Rifle Regiment

176 Rifle Regiment

2 Mechanized Brigade (Colonel A.P. Panfilov)

121 cavalry regiment

2 assault aviation regiment 40 fighter aviation regiment

48 Fighter Aviation Regiment

36 Mixed Bomber Aviation Regiment

55 Mixed Bomber Aviation Regiment

10 Mixed Aviation Regiment Air Force

separate aviation squadron. IN AND. Lenina

21 separate intelligence squadron

59 separate intelligence squadron

Japanese parts

19 Ranamian Imperial Division (Lieutenant-General Kamadzo Suetak)

64 Guards Regiment

75 regiment

Photo album fighting

Occupying North Manchuria, Japan considered (with favorable conditions) The ability to transfer hostilities to the border areas of the USSR. To test the combat state of the parts of the UKDV, the Japanese troops periodically organized provocations on the Soviet-Chinese border. The Japanese aviation demonstratively invaded the airspace of the USSR, mainly with intelligence purposes. From June 11 to June 29, 1937, its aircraft broke up 7 times the air borders in Primorye, being over Soviet territory from 2 to 12 minutes.

On April 11, 1938, the airspace of the Soviet Union violated a large group of Japanese aircraft, one of which anti-aircraft fire for the border troops was shot down. Maed's pilot was captured. During his interrogation, it became clear that the Japanese side carefully examines the air routes in the border strip at the Soviet Far East in case of the beginning of hostilities.

Obtaining effective help China Republic in the courseThe USSR armed forces have already fought for almost a year (by the forces of military advisers and volunteers to 4 thousand people) with Japanese troops in China. A full-scale war between the Soviet Union and Japan was only the matter of time. In the second half of the 1930s. The General Headquarters of the Japanese land forces had already prepared by the plan of the military invasion of the USSR in three areas - Eastern (Primorsky), Northern (Amur) and Western (Hingan). A special rate was made to apply air forces. According to the General Staff of the Red Army, in the event of the beginning of hostilities, Japan could quickly focus near our borders to 1000 aircraft of land aviation.

Waiting for the possibility of developing such a scenario, Soviet military leadership adopted appropriate measures. On July 1, 1938, OKDV, further enhanced by the personnel and military equipment, was transformed into a red-known Far Eastern Front (CDF, \u200b\u200b2 armies) and the northern group of troops of the central subordination. The commander of DVF became Marshal of the Soviet Union V.K. Blyuher, his deputy for aviation -. From the Far Eastern Aviation, the 2nd Air Army was created.

In the 20s of July 1938, the increased activity of Japanese troops in the Primorsky district was noticed, accompanied by a rifle-machine-gun shelling of the Soviet border area. Our border guards received an indication - in case of direct disorder, apply weapons. The divisions of the 1st Primorsk Army DVF were given in high combat readiness.

Meanwhile, the Japanese side for the attack on the USSR elected the Patchetsky district in the Primorsky Krai, at the junction of the borders of the USSR, the Marionette State of Manzhou-go and Korea, seeking to capture the controversial territories (altitudinal and unnamed) in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hasan.

July 29, 1938 armed conflict broke out. In the following days, not believing with losses, the enemy managed to seize the dominant heights, which he turned into a strongly fortified position in a short time.

The commander of the Russian Federation was tasked in a short time to defeat the enemy and release the cross-border strip captured by him (without an invasion of the adjacent territory of Manzhou-th). For conducting hostilities in the air, an advanced aviation group was created in the air: 21 Stormsovik R-5 CSS 2nd Shap (Skyrovo or Shkotovskaya Valley airfield), 15 fighters I-15 of the 40th IAP (August), 12 36th Sbap (Knevichi ) and 41 and 15 (11 - from and 30 from the 48th JaP, the airfield of Zaimka Filippovsky).

On August 1, our aviation forces by 4 squadrines (40 I-15, 8 district) caused a bombing assault blow to the Japanese troops, causing them a slight damage. Then there were other rates of bomber, assault and fighter aircraft. To combat Soviet aircraft, the Japanese side involved only 2 anti-aircraft batteries (18-20 guns) located on the territory of Manzhou-th, which had 3 Soviet cars (1 and 15, 2 Sat). The next day, the air raids of our aviation continued.

Fearing response from the Japanese Air Force, in accordance with the order of the USSR Defense People's Commissar and the head of the RKKA General Staff dated August 4, 1938 for No. 0071 "On bringing to the full combat readiness of the Far Eastern Front's Troops and the Trans-Baikal Military District in connection with the provocation of the Japanese military Lake Hasan, "in major points of air defense of the Far East and Transbaikalia, it was prescribed: "Install artillery and machine-gun parts on positions, relieve fighter aircraft on operational airfields and raise the VINOS system, believing the connection of posts VOS with command items and airfields of the fighter part."

August 5 from one of the submarines of the Pacific Fleet received untested information about the approach to Vladivostok 98 Japanese bombers. The air defense of the city was urgently shown in complete combat readiness. Up to 50 fighters raised into the air. Fortunately, the information was false.

The task was also put to ensure airfield airfield airfields, rifle, cavalry and tank parts placed in camps or bivaches. For this purpose, 5 anti-aircraft divisions (32nd, 39th, 40th rifle divisions were involved (32th, 39th and 43th rifle buildings).

The measures taken proceeded from the presence of the Japanese side of the aviation group (up to 70 aircraft) in the Oz. Hasan. However, it was almost not involved in the battles. As a result, the 69th fighter airbody, armed and, reoriented to the conduct of air intelligence, the protection of its aviation and bombardment of enemy positions.

On August 4-9, the Soviet troops, actively supported by Aviation, managed to defeat the Japaway Manchu group in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hassan and squeeze it from the USSR territory. On August 11, the conflict was exhausted, which was officially recognized in Tokyo.

During the period of hostilities in Lake Hassan, Soviet aviation produced 1003 aircraft, of which: - 41, Sat - 346, and-15 -534, CSS - 53, R-Zeta - 29, I-16 - 25. On the enemy 4265 Bombs of different calibers (total weighing about 209 tons), Istracted 303 250 ammunition.

Japanese anti-aircraft artillery shot down 1 Sat and 1 I-15 (Lieutenant Solovyov). From the anti-aircraft gun and machine-gun fire, 29 aircraft had minor breakdowns and damage, of which: 18 - and-15, 7 - Sat and 4 - TB-3RN. Two more fighters and-15 were considered lost in stable reasons. Pilot Korev broke the fighter when landing on an unfamiliar airfield - the plane got into the ditch and scaled. Another car crushed unsuccessfully landed on the flight field.

The reluctance of the Japanese side to use its Air Force in armed conflict, was probably caused by the danger of air strikes from the Soviet bombardment aviation not only in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hasan, but also through Japan.

According to the materials of the publication: 100 years of Russian Air Force (1912 - 2012) / [Dashkov A. Yu., Golotyuk V. D.]; under total. ed. V.N. Bondareva. - M.: Foundation "Russian Vityazi", 2012. - 792 p. : IL.

Lake Hasan is a small fresh lake located on the south-east of the Primorsky Territory at the borders with China and Korea, in 1938, a military conflict between the USSR and Japan occurred.

In early July 1938, the Japanese military command strengthened the garrison of the border troops, located west of Lake Hassan field parts, which focused on the eastern shores of the Tumen-Ula river. As a result, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Soviet border, there are three infantry divisions of the Kwantong Army, a mechanized brigade, a cavalry regiment, machine gun battalions and about 70 aircraft.

The border conflict in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hasan was configured, but the losses of the parties were significant. Historians believe that in the number of killed and wounded, Khassan events go to the level of local war.

According to official data published only in 1993, Soviet troops lost 792 people and wounded 2752 people, Japanese, respectively - 525 and 913 people.

For heroism and courage, the 40th Infantry Division was awarded the Order of Lenin, the 32nd Infantry Division and the Patchetsky Border Council - the orders of the Red Banner, 26 soldiers were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, 6.5 thousand people were awarded orders and medals.

The Khassan events of the summer of 1938 were the first serious verification of the possibilities of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Soviet troops received experience in applying aviation and tanks, artillery management organization.

At the international process over the main Japanese military criminals, held in Tokyo in 1946-1948, it was concluded that the attack in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hassan, which was planned and was carried out using significant forces, cannot be considered as a simple clash between border patrols. Tokyo Tribunal also considered it established that hostilities were launched by the Japanese and were clearly aggressive.

After World War II, the documents, the decision and the importance of the Tokyo Tribunal in historiography were interpreted in different ways. Dimensionally and contradictory were rated directly to the Khassan events.

Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources

75 years ago, Hassansky battles began - a series of collisions in 1938 between the Japanese imperial army and the Red Army because of the challenge of Japan, the territory of the territory of Lake Hassan and the river misty. In Japan, these events are called "Incident at the Height of Zhangufeng" (Yap. 張鼓峰 事件).

This armed conflict and all the dramatic events that took place around him cost careers and the life of a prominent hero of the Civil War Vasily Blukhuru. Taking into account the latest research and archival sources, it is possible to take a fresh look at what happened at the Soviet Far East at the end of the 30s of the last century.

Inglorious end

One of the first five Soviet marshals, the first cavalier of the honorary combat orders of the Red Banner and the Red Star Vasily Konstantinovich Blucher died from cruel torture (on imprisonment of the foremen, death came from the blockage of the pulmonary artery by a thrombus formed in the pelvis veins; the eye was burned. - Avt.) In the Lefortovo prison NKVD on November 9, 1938. By order of Stalin, his body was taken for medical examination into the infamous bottle and burned in the crematorium. And only after 4 months, March 10, 1939, the courts sentenced the dead marching to the highest punishment for "spying in favor of Japan", "participation in the anti-Soviet organization of the right and military conspiracy."

The first wife of Blucher Galina Pokrovskaya and brother Lidia Bogutskaya was sentenced to shooting. After another four days, the second wife of the former commander of a separate red-known Far Eastern army (Odba) Galina Kolchugin was shot. The third is the Glafira Bezverkhov - even more than two months later, a special meeting in the NKVD of the USSR sentenced to eight years of correctional labor camps. Slightly before, in February, the brother of Vasily Konstantinovich, Captain Pavel Blucher, was shot and the Arrival commander at the headquarters of Odba (according to other data, he died in conclusion in one of the camps in the Urals on May 26, 1943 - aut.). Before the arrest, Vasily Bluchber was thrown into the NKVD chambers of his entranear of Pavlov and Zhdanov's chauffeur. Of the five children, Marshal from three marriages older - Zoya Belov in April 1951 was condemned for 5 years of reference, the fate of the youngest - Vasilina (at the time of the Arrest of Bluchber on October 24, 1938, he was only 8 months old), with the words of Mother, Glafira Lukichna, who has stayed Term and fully rehabilitated (as well as all other family members, including Vasily Konstantinovich) in 1956, and remained unknown.

So what was the reason for violence over such a well-known and respected in the people and in the army figure?

As it turns out if Civil War (1918-1922) and Events at the CER (October-November 1929) were the rise and triumph of Vasily Bluchber, the first armed conflict on the territory of the USSR was the first armed conflict on the territory of the USSR - the fighting of Lake Hassan (July-August 1938).

Hasan conflict

Lake Hasan is located in the mountainous part of the Primorsky Territory and has about 800 m in width and length from the south-east to North-West 4 km. It is west of sopes of Zaozernaya (Zhangu) and Unnamed (Chazao). Their heights are relatively small (up to 150 m), but with their vertices there is a view of the Watted Valley, and in clear weather there are visible surroundings of Vladivostok. In total, the border river Tumen-Ula (Tumenjiang, or Misty) flows on the extension to the west of the Zaozernaya kilometers. In its lower flow, the junction of the Manchuro-Korean-Soviet border was held. In Soviet pre-war time, the state border with these countries was not denoted. Everything was solved on the basis of the Hongchunk Protocol, signed with China, another royal government in 1886. The border was fixed on the maps, but only license plates were on the ground. Many heights in this borderzone were not controlled by anyone.

Moscow believed that the border with Manchuria "takes place in the mountains located to the west of Lake Hassan, considering Sopgia and Unnamed, who had strategic importance in this area, Soviet. Other opinions were the Japanese who controlled the Manzhou government and challenged these heights.

By the beginning of the Khassan conflict, in our opinion, there were at least three circumstances.

First, June 13 at 5 o'clock. 30 minutes. In the morning, it is in the area (east of Hongchia), which controlled the border guards of the 59th Pyattsky border guards (the head of the comb), ran into a neighboring territory with secret documents, "To transfer himself under the protection of the Manyzhou-Go authorities," Head of the NKVD Department for the Far Eastern Territory Commissioner of the State Security Commission The 3rd rank of Heinrich Lushchkov (earlier the Head of the UNKVD in the Azov-Black Sea Territory).

According to the Japanese authorities and newspaperrs a secondary (later until August 1945, the adviser to the command of the Quantong Army and the General Staff of Japan), the true reasons for his escape was that he allegedly came to the conviction that Leninism is not more fundamental law of the Communist Party in the USSR " that "tips are under the Personal Dictature of Stalin" leading "the Soviet Union to self-destruction and war with Japan to" distract the attention of the people from the domestic political situation "in the country. Knowing about mass arrests and executions in the USSR, in which he himself He was directly involved (according to the estimates of this "prominent Chekist", 1 million people were arrested, including in the government and in the army - 10 thousand people. - Avto.), Lyushkov realized that he was on the risk of reprisals ", after which he made escape.

Having surrendered to Manchurian patrol border troops, Lushkov, according to testimonies of Japanese intelligence officers, Koitoo and Onuki, handed them the "valuable information about the Soviet Far Eastern Army". The 5th department of the Japan General Staff immediately was confused, as it clearly underestimated the true number of Soviet troops in the Far East, who had an "overwhelming superiority" above their own troops, stationed in Korea and Manchuria. The Japanese came to the conclusion that "it made it virtually impossible to implement the previously composed of the War Operations Plan against the USSR." Check the same information of the defector was possible only in practice - by local collisions.

Secondly, given the explicit "puncture" with the transition of the border in the lane of the 59th detachment, his command three times - 1.5 and 7th of July requested the headquarters of the Far Eastern border guard to give permission to occupy a height of climbing to equip his observation positions on it. July 8 Finally, such permission from Khabarovsk was obtained. By radio equipment, it became known to the Japanese side. On July 11, the Soviet border outfit, which at night and equipped the trench with wire barriers on it, having put forward him on the adjacent side for the 4-meter bonfire.

The Japanese immediately discovered the "border disturbance". As a result, the temporary attorney in Japan's affairs in Moscow Nisi handed over to the Deputy Peace of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Stomonakov Note of his government with the requirements of "leave the captured manchu land" and restore on the Zazern "border that existed there before the appearance of the trenches." In response, the Soviet Representative stated that "no Soviet border guard and the appearance did not care about the neighboring land." The Japanese indignantly.

And, thirdly, July 15, in the evening on the ridge of height, three meters from the line of the border, the head of the sewing border of Vinevitel, the head of the rifle killed the "violators" - Japanese gendarme Matsushima. On the same day, the Soviet People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs visited the Soviet People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs to Japan in the USSR and again in categorical form demanded to take away Soviet troops from height. Referring to the Hunchun Agreement, Moscow and the second time rejected Tokyo's requirements.

Five days later, the Japanese repeated their claims on heights. At the same time, the Ambassador Siegemitsu stated the People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs of the USSR Litvinov that "his country has the rights and obligations to Manzhou-go" and in otherwise "Japan will have to conclude the need to use force." In response, a Japanese diplomat heard that "the successful application of this means he will not find in Moscow" and that "the Japanese gendarme is killed in the Soviet territory, where he did not follow."

The contradictions knot dragged.

Nor ladies

In connection with the preparation of the Japanese to armed provocations on April 23, 1938, combat readiness was increased in the border and internal troops of the Far Eastern Territory. Taking into account the complex military-political situation, which develops in the Far East, on May 28-31, 1938, a meeting of the Chief Military Council of the Red Army was held. The report of the commander of Odba Marshal Vasily Bluchber was heard about the state of the combat readiness of the army's troops. The results of the Council became the transformation from July 1, Odva in the Far Eastern Front (DKF). By the decision of the Defense Committee in June-Jul, the number of Far Eastern troops was increased by almost 102 thousand people.

On July 16, the command of the 59th Pyattsky border project turned into the headquarters of the 1st Red Banner Army with a request to strengthen the height garrison to be enjoyed by one rifle platoon from the support company of the 119th rifle regiment arriving in the Oz region. Hassan on May 11, by order of Blucher. The platoon was highlighted, but on July 20, the Commander of the DCF ordered him to take it to the place of permanent deployment. As can be seen, then then the turning and experienced marshal clearly did not want to escalate the conflict.

Due to the exacerbation of the situation on July 6, Stalin sends to Khabarovsk his emissarov: First Deputy Commissar of the Interior (July 8, 1938, Beria became another "combat" Deputy Commissar. - Auth. - Chief of the Gugb Frinovsky (in the recent past the head of the Chief Department of the Border Guard and Internal security) and Deputy Completion Commissar - Head of the PCKA Political Government (from January 6, 1938 - Avt.) Mehlis with the task of visiting DCF "Revolutionary order, to increase their combat readiness and" within seven-day deadlines to conduct mass operational activities for the removal of opponents of Soviet The authorities ", and at the same time clergy, sectors suspected of espionage, who lived in the territory of the Germans, Poles, Koreans, Finns, Estonians, etc.

The whole country was overwhelmed by the waves of "fighting enemies of the people" and "spies". It also had to find such emissary in the headquarters of the Far Eastern Front and the Pacific Fleet (only among the leadership of Tof for the 20s of the July 20, 66 people hit their lists of "enemy agents and accomplices"). It is not by chance that Vasily Blucher after July 29, Frinovsky, Mehlis and the head of political management of DKF Mazepov visited him at home, in the hearts admitted to his wife: "... Akula came who want to devour me, they will eat me or I don't know them. The second is unlikely". As we now know, Marshal was right to all one hundred.

On July 22, his order was sent to the troops on bringing the compounds and parts of the front to full combat readiness. The Japanese attack on the Zavozernaya was expected at dawn on the 23rd. The grounds for making such a solution were enough.

To carry out this operation, the Japanese command tried to secretly focus the 19th Infantry Division with a number of up to 20 thousand people, the Brigade of the 20th Infantry Division, the Cavalry Brigade, 3 separate machine-gun battalions and tank divisions. Heavy artillery and anti-aircraft guns were tightened to the border - just 100 units. Up to 70 combat aircraft focused on the nearest airfields. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe sandy islands on r. The tunnel-belly was equipped with fireproof artillery positions. Light artillery and machine guns placed at the height of a manty-mantalous 1 km from Zaozernoy. In the Gulf of Peter the Great in the territorial waters of the USSR focused the squad of the Esminans of the Navy of Japan.

July 25 In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Pogrubnock # 7, the Japanese fired a Soviet border outfit, and the next day the reinforced Japanese company captured the border height of the Chert Mountain. The situation has bent the day from day. To deal with it and for the reasons for its exacerbation, Marshal Blucher on July 24 sent to the Hassan to investigate the headquarters of the Front. And only a narrow circle of persons knew about its existence. Commission Report Commander in Khabarovsk was stunning: "... Our border guards broke out the Manchu border in the Sopca area of \u200b\u200bZavoznaya 3 meters, which resulted in the emergence of a conflict on Lake Hassan".

On July 26, on the orders of Bluchber, a platoon of support was removed from Sopgia, and only the frontier was sent to 11 people led by Lieutenant Alexei Mahalin. On Zaozernaya, the company of redarmeys was located. In Moscow, the telegram of the DCF Commander of the DCF "On Violation of the Manchur Border" with a proposal "of the immediate arrest of the head of the border and other perpetrators in provoking the conflict with the Japanese and other perisons in provoking the conflict with the Japanese. The answer of "Red Condank" Blukhuru was brief and categorical: "Stop it with all sorts of commissions and accurately fulfill the decisions of the Soviet government and the orders of the People's Commissar." At that time, it seems to be an open conflict, it was still possible to avoid political means, but its mechanism was already launched on both sides.

On July 29, at 16 o'clock 40 minutes, the Japanese troops two detachments to the company attacked the height nameless. 11 Soviet border guards accepted an unequal battle. Five of them were killed, Lieutenant Mahalin received a mortal injury. The reserve of the border guards and the Rifle company Lieutenant Levchenko to 18 o'clock knocked out the Japanese from the height and swore. The next day, between Nights, the nameless and closed at altitudes took the defense of the Battalion of the 118th Rifle Regiment of the 40th Infantry Division. The Japanese, with the support of artillery, took a number of unsuccessful attacks on Unnamed. Soviet fighters stood to death. Already the first battles on July 29-30 showed that an unusual incident was faced.

At 3 o'clock in the morning, July 31, after a strong art preparation, two Battalion of Japanese infantry attacked the height of the Zaozernaya and one battalion height is Unnamed. After a fierce unequal four-hour battle, the enemy managed to occupy the specified heights. Carrying losses, rifle units and border guards moved into the depths of Soviet territory, to Lake Hasan.

Japanese on the hill

From July 31 for more than a week, the Japanese troops held these hits. Attacks of the Red Army and Border Guards were unsuccessful. On the 31st Number on Hassan from the command of the front Profit Stern (before that, under the pseudonym "Grigorovich" fought the chief military adviser in Spain) and Mehlis. On the same day, the latter reported to Stalin the following: " In the fighting area, you need a real dictator, which everything would be subordinated. The consequence of this August 1 was the telephone conversation of the leader with Marshal Blucher, in which he categorically "recommended" Complete "to go to the place of immediate" to "truly fight with the Japanese."

Blucher fulfilled the order only the next day, departing to Vladivostok along with Mazepov. From there on the destroyer, accompanied by the commander of Tof Kuznetsov, they were delivered to the wake. But Marshal himself practically did not really seek to participate in the operation. Perhaps his behavior influenced the well-known TASS message from August 2, where unreliable information was given that the Japanese seized the Soviet territory to 4 kilometers. Antiappon propaganda made its business. And now the whole country misled by an official statement, with rage began to demand to curb the rooted aggressors.

Soviet aviation bombed Zaozernoy

On August 1, an order was received by the Commissar of Defense, who demanded: "In the limits of our border, it is planted to safely and destroy the interventions that have taken heights of the Zavoral and Unnamed, applying combat aviation and artillery in the case." This task was to decide to solve the 39th rifle building as part of the 40th and 32nd Rifle divisions and the 2nd mechanized brigade under the command of Combridge Sergeev. General management Operation Clement Voroshilov laid at the current Commander of the DCF on his headquarters of the Komkor Grigory Stern.

On the same day, the Japanese in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hassan applied their aviation. 3 Soviet aircraft were shot down by the fire of anti-aircraft drugs. At the same time, mastered the heights of Zavoral and Unnamed, samurai did not want to continue to seize the "whole pieces of Soviet territory", according to Moscow. Zorge.reported from Tokyo that "The Japanese discovered the desire to allow all unclear border issues with diplomatic means"Although from August 1, the strengthening of all defensive positions in Manchuria began to strengthen, including concentrating "in case of counterconditions from the Soviet side around the collision area front parts and reserves, combined by the Korean garrison."

In this situation, the onset of Soviet troops due to countering the enemy, which manifested the disadvantages in organizing the interaction of artillery with infantry, without aviation support due to unhealthy weather conditions, as well as poor personal composition and weak logistics, fails. In addition, the success of the combat operations of the Red Army significantly influenced the ban on the suppression of enemy fire funds, acting from the Manchurian and Korean territories, and for any intersection of the State Troops. Moscow still feared the development of the border conflict in a full-scale war with Tokyo. And finally, in place began to interfere all the time in the management of the compounds and parts, making confusion and confusion, Mehlis. Once, when he tried to send the 40th Rifle Division to step, despite everything, in the forehead, the Japanese, on the hollow between the two hills, so that the opponent would not settle "this connection, Marshal Blucher was forced to intervene and cancel the order of the" party emissary " . All this has ever established the Complete in the near future.

On August 3, the 39th Corps was reinforced by another - 39th rifle division. Sterns was assigned to the case commander. The next day, Voroshilov in the new operational order # 71ss "for readiness to reflect the provocative attacks of the Japanese-Manchur" and "at any time, to apply a powerful blow to burning brazen Japanese aggressors throughout the front" ordered to bring all the troops of the Far Eastern Red Banner Front and Zabaikalsky to the full combat readiness Military District. The order also was emphasized: "None of the inches of someone else's land, including the Manchurian, and Korean, we do not want, but also our Soviet earth, by the Japanese invaders, including, never give a hand!" The real war as never nearly stood at the threshold of the Soviet Far East.

Victory report

By August 4, there were about 23 thousand personnel in the Hassan area in the 39th rifle building, there were 237 guns, 285 tanks, 6 armored vehicles and 1 thousand machine guns. The housing was to cover the aircraft of the 1st Red Banner Army in the composition of 70 fighters and 180 bombers.

The new offensive of the Soviet troops at the height began in the afternoon of August 6. Bearing big losses, in the evening they managed to capture only the southeastern slips of the height of the closed. The comb of the same northern part of it and the North-Western teams of height remained in the hands of the enemy on August 13, until the end of the peace negotiations of the parties. The neighboring heights of black and the nameless were also occupied by Soviet troops only after reaching the truce, during the 11th and 12 August. Nevertheless, in Moscow, a victorious report was left to Moscow from the battlefield about the fact that "our territory is cleared of the remains of Japanese troops and all border points are firmly occupied by the units of the Red Army." On August 8, the next "Deza" for the Soviet people fell on the pages of the central press. And at this time, only on the Zaozerny Red Army team from August 8 to August 10, up to 20 counterattacks stubbornly did not surrendered Japanese infantry.

At 10 am on August 11, the Soviet troops received an order for the cease-fire from 12.00. At 11 o'clock. 15 minutes. The guns were discharged. But the Japanese up to 12. Hour. 30 minutes. Still continued to fake heights. Then the command of the body ordered a powerful firefall out of 70 guns of different calibers by enemy positions for 5 minutes. Only after that samurai completely stopped the fire.

The fact of misinformation about mastering the Soviet troops of Khassan heights became known in the Kremlin from the report of the NKVD bodies only on August 14. Over the next days, Soviet-Japanese negotiations of military representatives of the two countries on the demarcation of the disputed area of \u200b\u200bthe border were held. The open phase of the conflict has declined.

The premonitions of Marshal did not deceive. On August 31, a meeting of the Chief Military Council of the Red Army took place in Moscow. On the agenda stood main question "On events in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Hassan". Having heard the explanations of the commander of the DKF Marshal Blucher and the Deputy Member of the Maazepov Martial Council of the Martial Council of the Front Commissioner, the Chief Military Council came to the following basic conclusions:

"1. The combat operations at Lake Hassan were a comprehensive test of mobilization and combat readiness not only parts that directly accepted participation in them, but also without exception of the troops of the DCFR.

2. The events of these few days discovered huge shortcomings in the state of the DCFRT ... It was found that the Far Eastern Theater was poorly prepared for war. As a result of such an invalid state of the front of the front, we in this relatively small collision suffered significant losses of 408 people killed and 2807 people were injured (according to new, updated data, 960 people. Killed and 3 thousand 279 people were injured; the total ratio of the loss of the USSR and Japan 3: 1. - aut.) ... "

The main results of the discussion of the agenda was to disband the management of the DCF and the suspension from the position of the commander of the Marshal of the Soviet Union of Blucher.
The main culprit of these "largest shortcomings" was primarily called the Commander of the DCF Marshal Vasily Blucher, according to the Commissar of Defense, surrounding himself "enemies of the people." The famous hero was accused of "striking, duplicate, undisciplining and sabotage of armed withdrawal by Japanese troops." Leaving Vasily Konstantinovich at the disposal of the Chief Military Council of the Red Army, and, together with his family, sent on vacation to the Voroshilovskaya Cottage "Bocharov Strich" in Sochi. There he was with his wife and brother and arrested. Three weeks after his arrest, Vasily Blucher died.
(Hence)

RESULTS:
The USSR forces at Lake Hasan amounted to:
22,950 people.
1014 gunners
237 guns
285 tanks
250 airplanes

Forces of Japanese:
7,000-7,300 people.
200 guns
3 armored tickets
70 aircraft

Soviet loss
960 dead
2752 wounded
4 Tank T-26
4 aircraft

Losses from the Japanese side (according to Soviet data):
650 killed
2500 wounded
1 Armor Train
2 echelon

As you can see, a clear advantage in a living force and technique was at the Soviet side. At the same time, the losses are superior to Japanese. Blucher and a number of other persons were repressed. Until 1941, it remained for another 3 years ... In the battles for the Khalchin-goal of the Red Army, it was possible to win the Japanese victory. Little Finland managed to defeat the monstrously superior power, but it didn't manage to achieve her complete occupation ... But on June 22, 1941, "purified" from the "enemies of the people" the Red Army, despite a significant advantage in aviation, tanks, artillery And the lively strength, with disgrace fled to Moscow. Hasan's lessons never went to the future.

Henry Samoilovich Lushkov (1900, Odessa - August 19, 1945, Dairen, Japanese Empire) - a prominent figure of the CC-OGPU-NKVD. Commissioner of state security of the 3rd rank (which corresponds to the rank of lieutenant general). In 1938, fled to Manchuria and actively collaborated with Japanese intelligence. Abroad illuminated its participation in the NKVD in detail, prepared an attempt on Stalin.
Born in Odessa in the family of the Jewish tailor. He studied at the official primary school (1908-1915), in the evening general education courses. He worked as an assistant in the office of automotive accessories.
On June 9, Lushkov told the deputy G. M. Osinin-Vinnitsky about his departure to the border crossing to meet with a particularly important agent. On the night of June 13, he arrived at the location of the 59th frontier, allegedly for inspection of posts and border stripes. Lushkov was dressed in a field shape with awards. By ordering the head of the outpost to accompany him, he was walking towards one of the border sites. Upon arrival, Lushkov announced the accompanying thing that he had a meeting on the "the side" with a particularly important manchurian illegal agent, and since no one should know in his face, then he will go alone, and the head of the observation should go to the Soviet territory on Polkilometer And wait for the conditional signal. Lushchkov left, and the head of the outpost made it ordered, but, waiting for him for more than two hours, raised his alarm. The outpost was raised in the gun, and more than 100 border guards fused the terrain until the morning. More than a week, before they came from Japan, Lushkov was considered missing, namely, the Japanese kidnapped (killed). Ludillas by that time crossed the border and on June 14 at about 5:30 pm at the city of Hunchun surrendered to Manchu border guards and asked political asylum. After transferred to Japan and collaborated with the Japanese military department [
This is what Koizumi Koiatiro writes about the information that Lushchkov handed over Japanese intelligence:

The information that Lushchkov told was extremely valuable for us. Our hands got information about the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union in the Far East, their dislocations, the construction of defensive structures, the most important fortresses and fortifications.
In July 1945, on the eve of the USSR entry into the war with Japan, it was translated from Tokyo to the location of the Japanese Military Mission in Dairene (China) to work in the interests of the Kwantung Army. On August 16, the command of the Kwantung Army announced the surrender. On August 19, 1945, Lushkov was invited to the head of the Daire Military Mission to Yutak Takeok, who offered him to commit suicide (apparently to hide the data on Japanese exploration from the Soviet Union). Lushchkov refused and was shot by taxi
zhidovin Judea dog death from his own owners