The main heroine of the story "Kashtanka" is a red-haired dog who lived with the carpenter Luka Alexandrovich. Once she lost her master on the street and nailed to an unfamiliar entrance. She was sheltered by a kind person who turned out to be a circus artist. A cat, a goose and a pig also lived in this man's house. These were not simple pets, but real circus performers. At the command of the owner, they performed various tricks that Kashtanka liked very much.

After some time, when Kashtanka recovered on the hearty food that the new owner gave her, she was also attracted to rehearsals. The new owner, who gave Kashtanka the nickname Aunt, was very pleased with her success and taught many tricks. Abrupt changes in the life of Kashtanka took place after the learned goose died. The owner was very worried about his death, and he had to involve Kashtanka ahead of time in circus performances.

When Kashtanka first came to the circus, she saw many unusual animals. And then the owner put her and the cat in a suitcase, and soon the newly-minted artist found herself in the circus arena. She obediently carried out all the commands of the owner, and the audience applauded her. At some point, a familiar voice rang out from the audience, which called her by her old name, Kashtanka. It was the carpenter Luka Alexandrovich, who came to the show with his son Fedya. They both recognized Kashtanka and called her to them. The dog, not remembering itself for joy, rushed to the old owner. Soon she was already running down the street at his feet, and the life of a circus man seemed to her a dream.

This is the summary of the story.

The main idea of ​​the story "Kashtanka" is that animals are very loyal to their owners and never forget them, even if they get into a new family. The story teaches you to be more attentive to your four-legged friends and not give them the opportunity to get lost or get lost, because pets are not adapted to independent life and can die on the street.

In the story, I liked the main character, Kashtanka, who turned out to be a talented circus artist. She carried out all the commands of the new owner, absolutely not being afraid of a large number of spectators. And if she had not met her old master, to whom she remained faithful, she could have made a good career as a circus artist. In addition, Kashtanka passed the test of loyalty, passed it with honor.

What proverbs fit the story "Kashtanka"?

What we have - we do not store, having lost - we cry.
A dog is a constant friend to man.
There is no price for a faithful friend.

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"Kashtanka", analysis of Chekhov's story

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860 - 1904) did not compose stories especially for children. In his letter to the publisher G.I. Rossolimo, he once admitted that he did not like children's literature at all. Nevertheless, his "Children", "Fugitive", "Grisha", "Vanka", "Kashtanka" entered the treasury of stories for children. More than one younger generation reads them with pleasure and draws conclusions for themselves. Chekhov chestnut genre

There is a version that the story "Kashtanka" (1887) was created on the basis of a real story that happened to the trainer Vladimir Durov. A little bit of creative imagination, and before us is a defenseless animal, a red-haired dog, "a cross between a dachshund and a mongrel" named Kashtanka. She divides people into owners and customers: the first is allowed to beat her, but the second she herself can bite the calves.

Chekhov pays a lot of attention to the main character. We see a constantly hungry and always beaten dog. Instead of food in the carpenter's house, they slipped tobacco into her, and also tortured her with sadistic "tricks." Only dog's loyalty made Kashtanka forget all the insults and outrages against herself. It is interesting that we not only follow Kashtanka in various situations, but also know about her feelings, experiences, thoughts. With this subtle artistic technique, Chekhov helps the reader to penetrate the sensual and rational world of the animal.

A lot of things happen in a short story. When Kashtanka got lost, her usual world collapsed, because the life of the new owner was very different from the previous one. Even the dog's name was different now - Aunt. And the heroine also revealed her artistic talent, and they began to prepare her to perform at the arena. The aunt was not beaten, she was well fed, but she still yearned for her former life.

The day of the premiere at the circus is the culmination of the story. Quite by chance, the former owners of the dog appeared on the show. Hearing such a familiar and familiar voice from the crowd, Kashtanka rushes into her past life.

The ending of the story leaves a lot of room for controversy and fantasy. Indeed, why did Kashtanka return to its former owners with such joy? After all, the well-fed life of a circus artist is much more interesting. Most likely, the canine instinct of loyalty worked. But, perhaps, in the behavior of the animal, Chekhov saw moments characteristic of people who are slavishly ready to endure humiliation and insults. Nekrasov also wrote about such people: "the heavier the punishment, the dearer they are to the Lord."

However, if we nevertheless recognize Kashtanka as a work for children, then the outcome is happy. The heroine regained her former life and wagged her tail with happiness.

"The death of officials ika ", analysis of Chekhov's story

The Death of an Official is one of the earliest stories by the famous Russian writer Anton Chekhov. In 1886, the work was included in the collection Motley Stories. The Death of an Official was written in the spirit of realism; this trend spread in Russia in the second half of the 19th - 20th centuries.

Chekhov managed to combine "strict realism" with increased conventionality. At the beginning of the story, we can clearly trace the features of this direction, but at the end of the work, Chekhov goes beyond realism, for which a mockery of death is unacceptable.

In this work, Chekhov raises the topic of the "little" person. In his work, Chekhov tries to protest the suppression of the human personality, and in his work "The Death of an Official" he clearly shows the consequences of such treatment: the object of ridicule is a petty official who, for no particular reason, is in constant confusion.

There are only three characters in the story: an official with a speaking surname Ivan Dmitrievich Chervyakov, Chervyakov's wife and General Brizzhalov. Chekhov pays the most attention to the official, because he is the main character, the object of ridicule. The rest of the characters of the author are not of interest.

The little man in this story is both comic and pathetic. Laughter evokes Tchervyakov's absurd insistence, and pity engenders his zealous humiliation of himself. Once again, apologizing to the general, the official renounced his human dignity.

At the beginning of the story, the author compares two sides: a petty official and a general. From that moment on, a conflict was generated that was traditional for Chekhov's works. Due to the fact that the general shouted at the visitor, Chervyakov dies - a seemingly familiar plot scheme. But there are significant shifts in the story: the general shouted at the subordinate only when the latter brought him to aggression.

Such an unexpected and comic turn of events lies precisely in the special worldview of the protagonist. And Chervyakov died not from fright, but from the fact that a man of high rank violated the principles holy for him.

This time the master of the small genre could not change his style. Chekhov's brevity is simply amazing. In his small works, there is often a deep meaning, and it can only be learned through artistic details that are designed to convey the main idea to the reader. In this story, the presence of the author is not felt, Chekhov moves away from the heroes. This technique helps to describe actions even more objectively.

"Thick and Thin", analysis of Chekhov's story

The story "Fat and Thin" (1883) refers to the early period of A.P. Chekhov's work. The story is very small in volume, as it is written in an unusually capacious and concentrated manner. An acknowledged master, Chekhov knew how to “talk briefly about long things”. At the same time, the author's position in the story is deliberately not emphasized - the reader himself can draw conclusions based on what he has read.

The genre of the work is a story written in the best traditions of critical realism. The story clearly demonstrates the features of Chekhov's individual writing style: the rapid development of the plot, laconicism, attention to expressive details, accuracy of language.

The problematic of the story

In the story, Chekhov shows the dependence of people on the social status they occupy and the stereotypes of thinking associated with it.

The author, with his inherent subtle humor, makes fun of people creeping in front of the post. The main object of ridicule is a small official who grovels when no one forces him to do so. Chekhov truthfully and mercilessly paints a picture of the world of the "thin", the world of slave psychology. Tragedy lies in the loss of such people of their "I", the loss of a sense of personality.

Features of the plot composition of the story

The work is distinguished by its extremely short exposition expressed in one sentence. Even from it, two conclusions can be drawn. Firstly, the writer uses an antithesis, saying that one friend is fat, the other is thin, this is opposing them to each other. Secondly. Nikolaevskaya railway connected Moscow and St. Petersburg; its main passengers were officials. It can be assumed that the story will focus on them. The starting point is an unexpected meeting of two childhood friends - Mikhail and Porfiry.

The development of action includes the first sincere joy of recognition, and general memories of childhood, and questions about life. The culmination of the work is the moment when the "thin" one learns that the "fat" has the rank of privy councilor. In the acute social denouement, the behavior of the "thin" man and his family changes dramatically. The "thin" one begins to obsequiously before the "fat": the appeal to "you" is replaced by "your excellency", a high style appears in Porfiry's speech ("gracious attention"). A special technique of the writer - unfinished sentences - as if allows you to hear how the breath of the "subtle" is interrupted by reverence. “Tolstoy” is annoyed by the situation, and he is in a hurry to part with the “thin” family.

Character system

A distinctive feature of the story is the refinement of the psychological characteristics of the characters. The relationship between the main characters - "fat" and "thin" - is based on the opposition of two heroes.

The narrative lacks a description of the characters' appearance, however, with the help of expressive strokes, Chekhov created vivid images, showing the place of each character in life. The author emphasizes the social difference between childhood friends with the help of smells: from the "fat" one who had lunch at the station restaurant, smelled of "sherry and fleur-d" orange ", from the" thin "-" ham and coffee grounds ".

In the second part of the story, the inner conflict intensifies. The writer reveals it through the opposition of the mimicry of the characters - the "fat" "frowned", while the "thin" turned pale, petrified, "shrunk, hunched over, narrowed." The "fat" one retains the same reference to Porfiry on "you", while the "thin" one has a "you" - "What are you, sir ...".

The introduction of minor characters of the "thin" wife and son helps the author to fully reveal the characteristics of Porfiry's character.

Analysis of stylistic features

The story is written in artistic style using elements of the colloquial style.

Revealing the character of the characters with the help of a contrasting image, Chekhov widely uses a variety of stylistic devices: antonyms, comparisons, metaphors, alliteration, syntactic antithesis, repeated repetition of the union "a".

Throughout the story, the speech of the heroes changes: at the beginning of the story, the author puts colloquial vocabulary ("my dear", "priests") into the lips of the heroes, which is replaced in the second part by an official business address.

As a doctor, as a writer, as a person, Chekhov reveals in his work the spiritual ills of society, urging "to squeeze the slave out of himself drop by drop."

"Chameleon", analysis of Chekhov's story

The humorous story "Chameleon" refers to the early stage of the creative path of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. As a student at the gymnasium, young Chekhov had already begun to write, mostly notes, funny captions to drawings, scenes and stories. During his student years under the pseudonym "Antosha Chekhonte" he published humoresques and feuilletons in humorous magazines. The story "Chameleon" was written in 1884, when the writer graduated from his studies and began working as a doctor. The writer continued to collaborate with magazines, perhaps for this reason the character of the journalistic genre is felt in the work. But it would be wrong to conclude that this is a shortcoming of the story; on the contrary, the style of performance gives it a special charm and uniqueness. The young man was a novice writer only in terms of fame, but the skill and depth in the work are clearly not youthful.

The main character, police overseer Ochumelov was shown in different life situations. A collective image describing an incredible number of representatives of the human race. Who are they? Chameleons. They don't care about the truth, they don't need justice, they don't know what conscience is. The main goal is to survive and, preferably, with maximum comfort, in the shadow of the powerful.

The situation with a dog, whose fate depends on who its owner is, is very indicative and characteristic of all times and peoples. The concept of "chameleonism" began to be used everywhere to define people who are unprincipled and change their minds depending on the situation.

Unfortunately, modern society also continues to produce the Ochumelovs. Slave psychology, namely Chekhov makes fun of it in his humorous story, has always been beneficial to those in power.

An analysis of the literary techniques used in the work allows us to conclude that it was written in the style of realism. As you read it, your imagination effortlessly paints a very vivid and accurate picture of what is happening. Perhaps the reason for this is a special form of presentation, characteristic only of Chekhov and which is his "calling card". In "Chameleon" there are no lengthy descriptions, only short and very apt characteristics. The story is more like a transcript, a restrained report. But it is this that incredibly enhances the images of the characters and allows you to consider them with maximum clarity, without being distracted by extraneous details. Only the essence, the most important and significant, is carved into the memory and heart with a sharp dagger.

"The malefactor", analysis of Chekhov's story

AP Chekhov's story "The Malefactor" was published for the first time in July 1885 in the "Petersburg newspaper". He continues the line of Chekhov's miniatures that make readers laugh through tears. An analysis of this work reveals the abyss of peasant-lordly relations in Russia at that time.

Storyline of the story

Before the court in the story, a man named Denis Grigoriev appears - barefoot, not distinguished by a lively mind, but ready to defend his innocence to the end.

His crime was that he unscrewed the nuts on the rails of the railway. During the interrogation, it turns out that the nuts are needed for the seine, which does not want to sink without them. The judge is trying to explain to Denis that this could derail the train and kill people. But Denis claims that he did not even have this in his thoughts, but the net is not suitable for fishing without nuts.

Moreover, it turns out that almost all the peasants of the village are engaged in this occupation and even sell these nets to the masters.

The judge has no choice but to give the order to take Denis back to prison, to which the man is naively and sincerely surprised: why?

The miniature story raises the topic of negligence, which has always been in Russia. Who is to blame for the fact that men are pulling nuts out of the railway, as a result of which train accidents occur and people die? In the course of reading the work, one does not at all get the impression that Denis had such an intent and he was a malicious violator of the law. He is brought before the court barefoot, which means that he is poor, and the net is his way of survival. How can you blame him for getting his own food? After all, he has no thoughts to kill innocent people.

In the story, the problem of who is the real culprit of this negligence and the real intruder sounds very clearly. The gentlemen to whom the village peasants sell these tackles know perfectly well where the nuts are on the nets. And they certainly are much smarter than men and understand very well what such a "handicraft" of men can lead to. But they are silent. They are silent and continue to buy nets with rail nuts.

The story is written in a realistic direction, as it specifically draws pictures of Russian reality at the end of the 19th century. The work is unusual in its composition, since it has neither beginning nor end: a piece of Denis's trial seems to have been torn out of the general course of the investigation. The verdict remains unknown: Chekhov wanted the reader to pronounce it himself.

Very short in content, but capacious from the point of view of ideas, the story of A. P. Chekhov "The Malefactor" makes the reader think about the topic of negligence in Russia and its true culprits.

"Surgery", analysis of Chekhov's story

AP Chekhov in his short humorous story "Surgery" perfected the text so that every word in it had the weight of the only possible. In his notes, the writer noted that "the art of writing is the art of shortening."

The story is written in the style of realism about a small episode from life. The title of the story is very simple and does not quite correspond to the content of the story. A hint of inconsistency is also the description of the appearance of the "surgeon" Kuryatin in the first lines of the story. The image of a paramedic is briefly but succinctly sketched in the description of clothing and actions. He is receiving the sick, with a stinking cigar in his hand and negligence in his clothes. A fine art detail replaces a detailed description.

The speaking surname Kuryatin gives his image a characteristic of a smoker and an association with the word "chicken". "Like a chicken with a paw", "chicken brains" - such a person does not know how to do anything well and is stupid. Further narration confirms this. Thus, the title gives the story not only comic but also satirical character.

The writer originally defined his plot as a "scene." The story is based on dialogues. The speech of the characters is the main characteristic of their images. There are two of them in the story: paramedic Kuryatin and deacon Vonmiglasov. The surname of the sexton is a speaking one, meaning: “Listen! ". He came to the hospital in trouble to receive attention.

Events follow in chronological order. In the outset of the story, Vonmiglasov comes to the zemstvo hospital with a complaint of toothache. In terms of the development of the action, the paramedic, having examined the patient, decides to remove the tooth. The heroes are polite to each other. The sexton listens with reverence to Kuryatin's reasoning about surgery, praising him in advance for the result. With a mask of humility, he quotes the Holy Scriptures out of place. Kuryatin speaks of surgery as a trifle, choosing at random a tool for the job.

The first attempt to remove the tooth fails (culmination). Changes are taking place in the dialogue. Not a trace remains of the sexton's unctuousness. He scolds. And Kuryatin now speaks of surgery as a difficult matter.

The second culmination: another attempt to pull out a tooth ends with shards sticking out in the sexton's mouth. He calls names, laments, his feigned humility disappears. The paramedic's speech consists of unfinished phrases, repetitions, which shows him as a person who does not know his business. The mention of three times about his alleged success in removing the tooth of the Egyptian landowner and the contradiction of this boasting of reality lead to the question - was there a landowner?

Decoupling: the paramedic, having caused the patient suffering, and does not try to correct the situation. After a skirmish with mutual insults, the angry deacon "goes home." The final remains open. This feature of Chekhov's works leaves the reader a chance to think of something important.

There are no author ratings in the story. He writes on behalf of an outside observer. But during the reading, a complete picture of the characters is created. Vonmiglasov's humility is replaced by harsh abuse. "Chameleonism" resounds in the words of Chicken. He speaks of the landowner with respect, and treats the sexton with disdain. The unprofessionalism of the paramedic is "appreciated" by the words of the sexton and his departure.

The images in the dialogues are drawn in such a way that by the end of the story, the characters are perceived as real people. Actions are described by short and rare insertions-remarks, inside dialogues. This technique creates a visual picture of the story.

Analysis of the story "Vanka"

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov devoted many stories to the lives of ordinary people, unknown to anyone, invisible and unhappy. One of such deep and sad works - "Vanka" - a story about the tragic fate of a peasant boy.

Vanka Zhukov is a nine-year-old orphan who was apprenticed to a city shoemaker. From the first lines of the work, we understand that Vanka is unhappy. He longingly recalls the grandfather of Konstantin Makarych, the only close person, his native village, the time when his mother was alive, served as a maid of the gentlemen, and he lived with her in the master's house. Young lady Olga Ignatievna "fed Vanka with candy and, out of nothing to do, taught him to read, write, count to a hundred and even dance a square dance." When his mother died, Vanka was expelled from the manor house into the human kitchen, where his grandfather was huddled, and then sent off to Moscow.

On the night before Christmas, taking advantage of the fact that the owners went to church, the boy writes a letter to his grandfather, in which he begs: "... take me away from here, or I will die." Vanka agrees to anything, if only his grandfather took him home ("if anything, then cut me like a goat's goat"), and promises to take care of him for this when he grows up. The boy's life is unbearable: the owners beat him, barely feed him, and force him to do back-breaking work. Vanka writes: “But there is no food at all. They give bread in the morning, porridge for lunch and bread in the evening, and for tea or cabbage soup, the owners themselves crack it. "

Vanka is an inquisitive and observant boy, he writes to his grandfather about what impressed him the most in Moscow: about fishing lines with a variety of fish hooks, expensive guns, abundant butcher shops.

When you read at the end of the story about how Vanka put his letter in the mailbox, and then fell asleep, lulled by sweet hopes, it becomes very sad. After all, it is clear that the letter with the address "To the village for grandfather" will never reach the addressee and the boy will continue to toil with strangers. His life will not change, and maybe it will get worse. The tragic fate of a little orphan boy leaves no one indifferent. She evokes pity and sympathy.

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"Kashtanka". The history of the creation of the work has several versions, each of which can be considered real. But it is known for certain that first publication of the story happened in 1887. On the wonderful holiday of Christmas, a new work by Anton Pavlovich was published in the Novoye Vremya newspaper. Immediately, the opinion of critics about the story in the learned community was divided.

In contact with

History of creation

Today there are several versions of how the work of Anton Chekhov was created. Each of them has the right to exist:

The main idea of ​​the story

Kashtanka, according to Chekhov, like people, is capable of feeling and experiencing. Therefore, the main theme of Chekhov's work "Kashtanka" is a description of the life of a dog and its relationship with the outside world. The author shows how people relate to animals.

The main idea that will need to be reflected in the reader's diary, and which should be understood, is that loyalty and devotion to animals has no limits, but only a person should be responsible for those whom he has tamed. It is worth remembering this when you start reading Kashtanka online.

The work helps readers understand that any animal is capable of feeling, suffering and experiencing. And people should be responsible for this suffering of the dog. For retelling, the knowledge of "Kashtanka" in the summary given in this article is also suitable. All the content of the story by chapters is reflected in the plan:

1. Misconduct.
2. A mysterious stranger.
3. New, very pleasant acquaintance.
4. Miracles in the sieve.
5. Talent! Talent!
6. Restless night.
7. Unsuccessful debut.

main characters

There are few characters in Chekhov's small work:

Kashtanka is the main character of Chekhov's work. As a puppy, she ended up in a carpenter's family and loved them faithfully and faithfully. But they did not always do well with her: they hurt her, did not feed her, kicked her. The fate of the dog is difficult and difficult. Chekhov speaks about this in his work. Kashtanka, which is difficult, difficult and sad for a small reader to read about, once got lost, and, having survived the grief, was able to get to the new owner, where she lived well. She even began performing in a circus. But there she met her former owners.

And, despite the fact that Kashtanka was talented, she still chooses her owners, whom she loves infinitely and is ready for anything for them.

Chapter "Misconduct" begins with a description of a dog that was so young that it was able to get lost right on the sidewalk. Kashtanka was very similar to a dachshund, although her cross-breed with a mongrel did not allow talking about the breed. She remembered very well how she ended up on this sidewalk.

Even in the morning its owner, Luka Alexandritch, dressed warmer, took some kind of box and went on business. He also took Kashtanka with him, who had previously been serenely sleeping on the shavings. The carpenter went to his customers, who lived very far away. On the way, the owner kept stopping by the inn for a little refreshment. The dog, rejoicing that they took it for a walk, jumped and had fun, chased the dogs and often lagged behind its owner.

The carpenter was still walking among his acquaintances, although he was very drunk. Suddenly a regiment with music was walking past them, which greatly frightened Kashtanka. The dog began to rush, running across to another sidewalk. When everything calmed down and she returned to the place where her master was, then that was not there. She ran up and down the sidewalk, but she could not find a carpenter.

It began to get dark. People were passing by. And soon despair and horror seized the dog. She, clinging to some strange entrance, began to cry. She was cold and hungry.

In the chapter "The Mysterious Stranger" Through her sleep, Kashtanka heard a man come out of the entrance. He bent down to her and began to talk inwardly, feeling sorry for the lost dog. A short and fat man called her with him and she went. Half an hour later, she was already sitting in a warm room where the stranger was having supper, and ate the pieces that he threw at her.

After eating, the dog dozed off. But falling asleep, she sadly recalled the carpenter himself, his workshop, and his son Fedyushka, who constantly played with her.

The chapter "A New, Very Pleasant Acquaintance" tells about the first day in the house of a circus artist. Kashtanka woke up late and went to inspect the house. While the customer slept, the dog was able to find the room where the trained animals lived. Immediately, a fight with a cat and a goose began. But then the new owner entered in time. Soon the new owner gave the name to Kashtanka. Now everyone called her Aunt.

In the chapter "Miracles in the sieve" The aunt observes what tricks the new owner and his trained goose are doing. The rehearsal with Ivan Ivanovich went on for more than an hour, and Kashtanka really liked her, who all the time tried to jump off her seat and participate in everything.

Soon Khavronya Ivanovna was invited to the room, who turned out to be a good-natured pig. Kashtanka watched as the new owner demanded the number "Egyptian Pyramid" from the animals. After that, the circus artist began to teach the goose to ride a cat, and Fyodor Timofeich to smoke. These new impressions excited the dog. But at night she spent the night in the same room with Fyodor Timofeich and Ivan Ivanovich.

In the chapter “Talent! Talent!" the reader again sees Kashtanka, who has been living in the house of the new owner for a month now. She has already begun to get used to the fact that she is now called Aunt, who eats a delicious lunch every day. She got used to her new roommates, and even began to get used to her new owner. Each day was similar to the previous one: the goose woke up first and woke up the others with its long monologues.

Every day there were training sessions that lasted 3-4 hours and everyone got tired of them, even the owner himself. In the evening the owner would go away somewhere, leaving Kashtanka alone. The goose and the cat always went with him. From time to time she was sad. She saw some people whom she used to love.

And when Aunt had already become a real well-fed dog, the owner decided to teach her tricks as well. The circus artist decided to make an artist out of the Aunt. First, she learned to walk on her hind legs, jump on them in order to grab sugar in the hands of the owner. After that, she learned and many other tricks:

• She danced.
• She howled to the music.
• I ran on the lane.
• She shot and called.
• She became a member of the "Egyptian Pyramid".

The owner saw how quickly the Aunt learns everything new, what pleasure it gives her and constantly said that she was a real talent. Soon Kashtanka already perceived this word as if it were her nickname.

The chapter "Restless Night" tells how one day the Aunt had a strange dream, from which she immediately woke up. It was somehow sad and hard for her, but she could not sleep either. She was also frightened by the cry of Ivan Ivanovich, a kind of shrill and unnatural.

As soon as Kashtanka dozed off again, she again began to have terrible dreams. And again there was a strange cry. Kashtanka jumped up and began to bark, but soon noticed that there were no strangers in the room, the goose was sitting on the floor and looking somehow strange. Everyone woke up, and the owner became worried. He took Ivan Ivanitch with him. The aunt could no longer fall asleep, she was scared.

The owner went into the room again and examined Ivan Ivanitch. He remembered that a horse had stepped on him today and that the goose was dying now. The aunt was scared, and she, turning her muzzle to the dark window, began to howl. Tears ran down the owner's cheeks. It was dawning. The janitor took the goose and took it somewhere.

In chapter "Unsuccessful debut" the agitated owner informs the aunt that today she will have to perform as well. In the "Egyptian Pyramid" the dog was supposed to replace the late Ivan Ivanovich.

On a sleigh, they arrived at a large house, where the lanterns were burning brightly. Kashtanka found herself in the clown's dressing room. The aunt watched attentively as the appearance of her master changed. Soon he put both Aunt and Fyodor Timofeich in a suitcase. When the clown opened it, Kashtanka saw a lot of light. A new world opened before her.

After dancing with the cat, the clown pulled out a pipe and played. The aunt began to howl. And suddenly, from somewhere in the audience, Aunt heard her old name, pronounced in a child's voice. Kashtanka looked there and recognized the carpenter and his son. Memories flooded her and she, barking happily, ran to them. Soon she was already walking after them, thinking that life in another house was for her some kind of dream.

"Kashtanka", written in 1887, can rightfully be considered one of the most famous stories by A.P. Chekhov. According to one version, the work was created on the basis of a real story that happened with the famous trainer V. Durov. Thanks to this story, the author wrote his own, adding many fictional details to it.

Chekhov's ending was not at all the same as in life. Durov, unlike Mister Georges, did not want to return the dog to its previous owners. The trainer believed that he had every right to keep it with him, as he spent time teaching the dog various tricks. The owners - the old and the new - were forced to go to court to resolve the dispute. The trainer managed to defend his rights and keep the animal with him.

The main plot of the work

The carpenter Luka Alexandritch had a dog named Kashtanka, who once got lost. Kashtanka never found her way home. Exhausted, the dog fell asleep at the entrance of a house, where it was found by a new owner - a clown performing under the pseudonym Mister Georges. Kashtanka gets into the circus and gets a new nickname - Aunt.

Mister Georges also had other animals: goose Ivan Ivanovich, pig Khavronya Ivanovna and cat Fedor Timofeevich. All these animals were trained in various tricks, which Kashtanka also had to learn. The clown has prepared a new number with the participation of "Aunt". But Kashtanka's debut was disrupted. During the performance, the dog recognized Luka Alexandritch and his son among the public and rushed to them with joyful barking. Kashtanka returned to its former owners.

Problems of the work

The question of why Kashtanka returned to its former owners arises from many readers. At the beginning of the story, the author makes it clear that the carpenter and his son Fedyushka treated the dog quite cruelly. Luka Alexandritch beats the animal and refers to it as "damned" and "cholera". Fedyushka, "playing" with Kashtanka, also causes her a lot of pain. The life of the main character of the story changed dramatically after she got into the circus. The new owner of Kashtanka treats all his animals affectionately. "Aunt" is well fed and not beaten. However, the dog misses its former life with cruel owners.

Main idea
The main purpose of the story is to show what an important role habit and affection play in the life of a living being, no matter whether a person or a dog.

The familiar world of Kashtanka collapsed at the moment when she was lost. The behavior of its new owner is significantly different from the behavior of the rude Luka Alexandritch. The dog was given a different nickname. "Aunt" reveals her artistic talent, and a brilliant well-fed future awaits her. However, the new life turns out to be so unusual for Kashtanka that she, without hesitation, returned to her former miserable existence at the first opportunity.

The author forgives Kashtanka for her illogical choice. As an animal, a dog is guided by instincts, and one of the characteristic instincts of dogs is loyalty and loyalty to its first owner. The animal can tolerate rough treatment and remain loyal to the cruel owner even after his death. Such behavior, from the point of view of the author, is categorically unacceptable for a person. However, most people resist changes in their lives. They are quite satisfied with a well-established, although not always happy life. Even having got into a new life, a person, like an animal, seeks to return to the usual, leaving the best.

You can also look at the choice of Kashtanka from the other side. In the circus, the dog is surrounded by trained animals. They are looked after, they are fed, but they are not free. Their behavior is unnatural and is nothing more than the result of training. Good treatment and delicious food comes at a price. Kashtanka made her choice in favor of freedom, agreeing to return to beatings and hunger.

Artistic images

A.P. Chekhov chose a dog as the main character of his story. Critics believe that the author used allegory. In the image of a dog, it is easy to recognize a "little man", a petty official, a bourgeois, a dependent creature who does not have the right to vote. Such a person definitely needs a "master", that is, someone who will control his actions, his life. The pain caused by the “master” is perceived not as punishment, but as attention from the “master”, his participation in the fate of the “slave”.

Kashtanka herself, according to the author, divides all people into owners and customers. The first, not numerous, category had the right to torture her. The second category of people could bite the dog on the calf. Thus, the author hints that the "little man" also has the ability to "take away the soul" and "bite" someone.

In the image of Kashtanka, Chekhov does not represent a specific person, but the majority of the inhabitants of the Russian Empire. The author of the story sees in front of him a dead, inert mass. “Little people” constantly complain about their plight, scold the “owners” offending them, but in no way try to change their lives. The "slaves" chose the path of endless suffering and humiliation only because it is more familiar and does not require any special efforts on their part. The humiliation is not as bad as the absence of a leader. Indeed, in this case, you will have to take responsibility for your life, and this is too difficult for someone who is used to living with someone else's mind.

Luka Alexandritch

The first owner of Kashtanka, Luka Alexandritch, is a typical representative of the ruined nobility who moved to live in the city and became a carpenter. The name of the owner of the dog - Luke - is associated with the verb "to dissemble", that is, "to deceive", "not to tell the whole truth." By choosing such a name, the author decided to show an unfriendly attitude towards his character. Luka Alexandritch personifies the very "owner" without whom "little people" cannot imagine their life. He is rude, cruel, often drunk. Having no special joys in life, the carpenter asserts himself, humiliating the weaker.

His son Fedyushka is a match for the carpenter. Despite the fact that the boy is not many years old, all his actions indicate that in the future he will become the same cruel and rude person as his father. At the very end of the story, on Fedyushka, you can see Luka Aleksandrych's cap, which can be regarded as a hint from the author that an equally despotic young generation is growing up to replace the old “masters”, who have already “put on their father’s cap”.

Mister Georges

In the image of a clown, it is easy to see representatives of the progressive intelligentsia of the second half of the 19th century. It is noteworthy that the reader will never know the real name of this person. The name has no meaning for the author. There are thousands of such people in the country, and they all look alike. Despite the fact that the author sympathizes with this character, pointing out his gentle and kind nature, he cannot contain his irony towards Mister Georges. The new owner of Kashtanka works as a clown. Why did Chekhov choose such a frivolous profession that does not command much respect for a positive character?

We invite you to read. This is a story in which the author expressed his negative attitude towards the political system of Russia at that time on the example of one narcissistic official.

Ours, dedicated to Chekhov's story "Unter Prishibeev", which tells about a retired non-commissioned officer, an old-regime self-appointed guardian of order, who considers himself entitled to interfere in everything, to make comments to everyone.

The progressive intelligentsia offered the lower strata of the population a more dignified life. However, in the eyes of illiterate townspeople, their activity looks like an absurd clownery. Nobody appreciates "clowns". They are needed only in order to entertain the crowd, serving for it as a fun, uncomplicated show. As soon as Kashtanka has the opportunity to return to her former owner, she immediately leaves the clown and all that incomprehensible life that he offers her.

Minor characters

The secondary characters include trained animals with which Mister Georges performs. Behind these images, the author "hid" the imitators of the intelligentsia. These people do not agree with the current regime. At the same time, imitators are not able to find the truth on their own. They need a leader, a "master" of a new type, with properties that are opposite to those of the leaders of the old type. Consequently, such people are not much different from chestnuts, obeying the old "masters".

The author treats imitators without sympathy. They are of no value either to the ignorant crowd or to the entire state. Ivan Ivanovich dies an absurd death, being killed by a horse. His place was immediately taken by Kashtanka.

While working on his story, Chekhov certainly foresaw future revolutionary upheavals. However, Anton Pavlovich does not expect anything good from the revolution. When the old "masters" leave, the country will remain in the hands of cowardly chestnuts and clown intellectuals.

(1860 - 1904) did not compose stories especially for children. In his letter to the publisher G.I. Rossolimo, he once admitted that he did not like children's literature at all. Nevertheless, his "Children", "Fugitive", "Grisha", "Vanka", "Kashtanka" entered the treasury of stories for children. More than one younger generation reads them with pleasure and draws conclusions for themselves.

There is a version that the story "Kashtanka" (1887) was created on the basis of a real story that happened to the trainer Vladimir Durov. A little bit of creative imagination, and before us is a defenseless animal, a red-haired dog, "a cross between a dachshund and a mongrel" named Kashtanka. She divides people into owners and customers: the first is allowed to beat her, but the second she herself can bite the calves.

Chekhov pays a lot of attention to the main character. We see a constantly hungry and always beaten dog. Instead of food in the carpenter's house, they slipped tobacco into her, and also tortured her with sadistic "tricks." Only dog's loyalty made Kashtanka forget all the insults and outrages against herself. It is interesting that we not only follow Kashtanka in various situations, but also know about her feelings, experiences, thoughts. With this subtle artistic technique, Chekhov helps the reader to penetrate the sensual and rational world of the animal.

A lot of things happen in a short story. When Kashtanka got lost, her usual world collapsed, because the life of the new owner was very different from the previous one. Even the dog's name was different now - Aunt. And the heroine also revealed her artistic talent, and they began to prepare her to perform at the arena. The aunt was not beaten, she was well fed, but she still yearned for her former life.

The day of the premiere at the circus is the culmination of the story. Quite by chance, the former owners of the dog appeared on the show. Hearing such a familiar and familiar voice from the crowd, Kashtanka rushes into her past life.

The ending of the story leaves a lot of room for controversy and fantasy. Indeed, why did Kashtanka return to its former owners with such joy? After all, the well-fed life of a circus artist is much more interesting. Most likely, the canine instinct of loyalty worked. But, perhaps, in the behavior of the animal, Chekhov saw moments characteristic of people who are slavishly ready to endure humiliation and insults. Nekrasov also wrote about such people: "the heavier the punishment, the dearer they are to the Lord."

However, if we nevertheless recognize Kashtanka as a work for children, then the outcome is happy. The heroine regained her former life and wagged her tail with happiness.

There are also compositions based on the works of Chekhov:

• Analysis of the story by A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"
• "Tosca", analysis of the work of Chekhov, composition
• "Death of an official", analysis of Chekhov's story, composition