When building or renovating a house, many ask a quite reasonable question: how and with what can you cover the roof? There are many options and methods, so the choice remains solely with the owner of the building. But today, there are specific characteristics that the roof must comply with.

Cover the roof with your own hands. Video

Conventionally, all roofing materials are divided on different grounds:

• according to external characteristics, sheet, roll and piece roofs are distinguished;
• according to raw materials, materials are divided into mineral and organic;
• depending on the type of coating, there are roofs with a polymer or metallized film;
• by the type of protective layer - coarse-grained, scaly, fine-grained and dusty;
• according to the binder option, materials for roofs are divided into bituminous, polymer and bitumen-polymer;
• by the type of base, roofing is distinguished on cardboard, foil, fiberglass, steel and fiberglass.

It is extremely important to choose the most convenient option from all the above-described variety, since one type of roof may not be suitable for a particular type of building, and vice versa. First you need to decide on the qualities that the future roof should have.

What should be roofing for a house?

1. Airtight (the roof should not leak, allow moisture, etc.).
2. Resistant to UV rays from the sun.
3. Resistant to sudden changes in temperature, impervious to heat and frost-resistant (the coating should not deform during freezing and thaw easily).
4. Durable.
5. Resistant to external influences (dust, dirt, atmospheric agents, harmful gases).
6. Long lasting.

The properties of materials intended for the installation of the roof of a house with your own hands. Video

Before buying a roof covering, you should know its quality and properties, including the conditions for its installation. Only in this way will you be able to achieve a rational and durable operation of the roof.

The density and strength of a particular coating are the technological properties of the material. They are extremely important and should be the first focus of your attention. Also, frost resistance belongs to such properties, which is especially important for the northern regions, since the roof in such places in the winter will be constantly frozen.

If your roof will be exposed to high temperatures, then the material must be selected based on the quality of fire resistance.

Each of the roofing options undergoes tests and laboratory tests, where such material properties are determined as:

• manufacturability;
• physical qualities;
• chemical constituents.

If you find out what characteristics the roof should have for your home, you can easily choose the right option that will serve as efficiently as possible for many years.

Cover the roof with slate with your own hands (video)

A material such as slate is quite large sheets and has a waveform. It is made exclusively from asbestos cement mortar. This material is extremely durable, but has one significant drawback - fragility.

Its standard length is 1750 mm. But the width can be different and varies from 980 mm to 1130 mm. Waves rise to a height of 54 mm every 150-200 mm. Slate can perfectly withstand temperature extremes, so such a coating can last up to 40 years without the need for repair or replacement.

Also, such material is extremely easy to assemble. But you need to handle it carefully, as it can break.

Today, slate flooring can be of different colors. Thanks to modern technologies and paints and varnishes, painting is carried out at the request of the client in any color. In addition, it greatly improves its durability.

Slate is considered ideal for covering buildings that act as utility rooms, outbuildings, a barn, etc.

If you decide to purchase such material, you will need to pay attention to some features. Purchased asbestos-cement sheets:

• should not have cracks, excess foreign inclusions or dents;
• with a smooth, without any delamination, edge.

Cover the roof with metal sheets with your own hands. Video

This material can be made of aluminum or galvanized steel. These sheets are extremely durable and practical. Unlike slate, the material is not fragile, therefore it practically does not undergo deformation, but it has one significant drawback - complex installation. For such a roofing, you will need to use folds or folds. The advantages of metal include:

• low weight of sheets;
• durability;
• the possibility of using not only on a sloping type of roof, but also on roofs with a slight slope.

Aluminum sheets are durable and resistant to corrosion, so they can last long enough, which cannot be said about galvanized steel. On average, such a roof lasts about 80 years. But this material also has disadvantages:

1. It can be quite noisy indoors during heavy rain.
2. The metal has a high level of thermal conductivity, which reduces protection from cold or heat.

Cover the roof with metal tiles with your own hands. Video

This type of roof is made on the basis of galvanized steel and looks like a tile. Thanks to the surface treatment with an anti-corrosion compound, it is able to serve for many years without loss of quality. The advantages of metal tiles include:

• ease of installation;
• aesthetically pleasing appearance;
• durability.

Since the material is procured from metal. It has the same disadvantages as metal sheets.

Cover the roof with Euro-slate with your own hands (video)

This roof option is better known as ondulin. It is created by pressing cardboard, which is impregnated with a special bitumen impregnation.

When choosing a roofing material, many builders choose Euroslate, since it has a number of distinctive advantages. It's quite cheap, can last over 30 years, and is easy to install. The disadvantages include a low level of strength and the presence of noise in the house during rain.

Mastic roof

This option is considered the most modern. A polymer film is applied to the roof surface, for which it got its name. A thin layer of a special composition is applied to the surface, which makes the roof monolithic.

Advantages of bulk material:

• excellent waterproofing;
• high temperature resistance;
• light weight of the material;
• resistance to sun UV rays.

Mastic roofing is also used for roof repairs, especially when it comes to minor damage.

Roll roofing do it yourself

A similar material is represented by bitumen, which is applied to a cardboard or fabric base. The most popular is the roofing material of the glass-insol or glassine type. The material has a high level of frost resistance, retains heat in the house, and is durable. And the installation method is quite simple: a roll roof is laid on a flat surface in several layers, which are connected with liquid bitumen. In addition, very often, to improve the mechanical properties of this coating, it is covered with sand or fine gravel.

Soft roof for the house

It is made from bituminous shingles, which are covered with a self-adhesive layer. Thus, during installation, easy gluing is performed in the desired place. Anyone, even an untrained person, can do this.

One of the advantages of this material is a wide range of colors, a high level of heat, hydro and noise insulation. On top of that, the affordability of this material should be noted.

Stacked roof

Unlike all the above options, this one takes a very long time, since you have to assemble the roof from small elements. The most popular type is slate or ceramic tiles. It is quite durable and attractive, so many people focus their attention on it.

But, in addition to the advantages, the material also has disadvantages:

1. Of all the options available, this is the most expensive.
2. For laying, it is necessary to build a very strong frame, because the type-setting roof is extremely heavy.

Naturally, it is the owner who chooses how to cover the roof of the house. But you do not need to neglect the rules and characteristics that the future roof will have to comply with.

How to cover the roof of a house with ondulin with your own hands?

The laying of this material consists of several stages, of which the first is the lathing device. If the angle of the roof slope is more than 10 o, you will need to create a continuous crate of boards or plywood, during the formation of which the overlap of each row should be at least 30 cm, the side overlaps - in two waves.

If the angle of the slope is 10 o -15 o, the formation of the lathing is performed using small bars 45x50 mm, which are located parallel to the visor. The distance between the axes of the bars in this case will be 45 mm with an overlap of sheets of 200 mm. This method implies overlapping in one wave.

For a slope angle of more than 15 o, you will need to observe a step between the axes of 60 cm. In this case, the lathing is made of 45x50 mm bars. The top row is filled in by 170 mm, and the side overlap is carried out in one wave.

Wood spacing can be used to ensure and ensure that all dimensions are consistent, including the required spacing between the bars. Fixation is carried out with self-tapping screws, which will make it possible to adjust the unevenness of the rafters. The use of additional bars is carried out in the places of the valley and the ridge for subsequent fastening. Any vertical joint of sheets is reinforced with boards of 50x100 mm.

Do-it-yourself ondulin laying rules (video)

• High-quality installation of this material is possible only at a specific temperature regime (from 0 o and above). Any work carried out at low temperatures requires a careful and careful approach. It is contraindicated to lay ondulin if the temperature is -4 o and below.

• Fastening of sheets to the crate is carried out purely with professional fasteners like roofing nails.

• When performing fasteners, the linearity of all joints, both vertical and horizontal, should be strictly observed. Do not stretch the material over the surface. Before the final installation of the euro slate, you should make sure that it is evenly located over the entire area.

• If in the process of roofing it is necessary to step on a sheet of material, you need to do this only where the top of the wave is.

• Competent installation is possible provided that work starts from the side where the winds prevail. In this case, the overlap of the second row should be 3 sheets.

• To ensure that the fasteners are carried out strictly along the centerline of the timber, it is necessary to use a tensioned construction cord.

• If there is a need to cut a sheet, it is recommended to use a hacksaw blade designed for woodworking.

Cover the roof of the house with metal tiles with your own hands. Roof slope and calculation of the amount of materials

Before starting any action, you need to find out how much roofing you need. Each sheet has several widths:

• working (difference between overlap and full width);
• full (allowance for overlap is taken into account).

In order to calculate the required number of sheets horizontally, you will need to divide the maximum length of the ramp by the working width. The horizontal overlap in the rows is also taken into account. In the standard version, the overlap is 60-80 mm wide.

Installation of the frame and lathing

To create a frame, as a rule, coniferous wood (spruce, fir, pine, etc.) is chosen. The material must be dried and have a moisture content of no more than 18-22%. The wood is impregnated with fire retardants and antiseptics, which avoids decay processes and allows you to increase the service life.

The base of the roof is made of 40x60 mm timber and is attached to the wall of the building with anchor bolts. For metal tiles, many recommend laying rafters in increments of 60-90 cm. In the side part, every 30 cm, holes with a diameter of 2 cm are drilled, which provides additional ventilation during the roof insulation process.

The roof lathing is made of a bar with a section of 30x50 mm. The distance of installation of the slats is 35 cm. It is extremely important that the lower part of the lathing has a larger cross-section than the rest. The bars are attached to the very top of the metal step.

How to cover the roof of a house with corrugated board with your own hands. Video

Decking is a versatile material that is used for a variety of purposes. The installation of corrugated board is quite simple, but it has some peculiarities that must be taken into account. These include the delivery of material to the roof, as this requires special care and accuracy. Do not scratch or deform the corrugated board.

When installing, it is important to correctly determine the pitch of the rafters and the type of building system. The indicators will be influenced by the type of profiled sheet and the angle of the overhang.

Laying rules

Arrangement of the roof and installation of sheets are simple. First, you need to determine the installation option and then proceed with the planking under the valley strips and fastening the end strips.

The eaves plank is being installed. It should be below the level of the waterproofing film, after which a profiled sheet is laid from the end. If we are talking about a hip roof, fasteners start from the center of the hip. One sheet, as a rule, takes about 7-8 self-tapping screws, and the joints are processed with steel rivets.

Before final strengthening along the slope, all sheets must be leveled. Depending on the angle of the slope, the overlap of the material will be from 150 mm to 200 mm.

Laying corrugated board near the ridge, pipes and valleys

The technology of mounting the material involves the design of places near pipes, valleys and the ridge of the roof with a sheet of metal, therefore, it is necessary to find out how best to do this if all the work is done independently.

• A groove at the dormer window (short valley design). At the lower end, the sheet is cut into two equal parts. First, the bottom sheet is put, and then the bottom strip, after which it is the turn of the roofing sheet.

• Installation of the end plate. Its length is 2 m, the overlap of the material should be from 50 mm to 100 mm. The installation process begins from the side of the overhang towards the ridge, near which all excess is cut off, and the end plate is covered with one solid wave of the profiled sheet. The strip is attached to the profiled sheets in a ridge and end board with a fixing step of 1 m.

• Installation of the ridge strip. In this case, specialized smooth skate elements can be used. Specialists under the corrugated board recommend laying seals that either repeat the profile of the roof itself, or have a small corrugation. The overlap length is 100 mm. From the side of the sheet, the plank is reinforced with self-tapping screws with a distance of up to 40 cm. All fasteners must go into the groove or under the sheathing. A ridge seal should be used to improve protection.

• Installation of outlet pipes. All pass-throughs consist of an upper and a lower part. It is advisable to immediately install the snowpipe. The pipe diameter indicator must correspond to 100 mm. Ventilation pipes must be insulated.

Self-tapping screws and seals for corrugated board

The technology of laying corrugated board requires the use of special construction screws and seals. Self-tapping screws are made from hardened, galvanized steel. They have a special gasket made of EPDM elastomer, and their caps are painted in the color of the profiled sheet. Moreover, it is carried out using a thermally hardened polyester powder, which guarantees resistance to corrosion, ultraviolet rays and mechanical damage.

Often, the installation of corrugated board takes place with the use of special gaskets that perform the function of protection from rain, snow, wind. They increase the service life of the entire rafter structure, interior decoration of the house and insulation, noise and waterproofing significantly increases.

Today, installation can be carried out using seals created to fit the shape of the corrugation of the flooring. In addition, there is a special ridge seal for different sizes and angles.

Do-it-yourself roofing decking. Video

It is not difficult to cover the roof with corrugated board on your own, the same applies to care. Naturally, rain alone is not always enough to clean the roofing surface. Leaves, branches and other debris sometimes cannot come off with rainwater, so experts recommend cleaning the surface annually.

You should also regularly clean the drainage systems of the gutter (gutters). Places that are stained or heavily soiled should be washed with plain water and a soft brush.

If the dirt is heavily embedded in the roof, you can resort to using detergents for painted surfaces. The washing procedure is as follows:

• apply the product to the roof surface;
• give it a few minutes for a better impact;
• wash off with clean water.

Attention: do not use products for cleaning the roof that are not intended for such work, as you can harm the surface of the polymer and the sheet itself.

Snow and ice are removed with wooden or plastic spatulas, but this should be done carefully to avoid scratching during cleaning.

Many suburbanite owners choose to build their own home. The final stage in the construction of the building is the erection of the roof. Having certain skills, you can reduce labor costs for employees and do the work yourself. Many do not know how to make a roof - in such cases, it is better to use the help of skilled workers.

Types of roofs being erected

First of all, you need to determine the type of roof, prepare the necessary tools and materials. Roofing construction is one of the important stages in the construction of a house.

To make a roof, you will need to choose its type correctly... The simplest DIY designs include straight-framed gable roofs.

Overlapping the roof with one slope will save material. If you make such a roof frame with your own hands, the labor intensity of the work will be less, and the installation speed, on the contrary, is higher. But this method has several disadvantages. The first one is not the most attractive: there is no way to equip an attic or an attic. In this case, the roof space is too low.

Very often, the gable roof of a private house is mounted with their own hands. It is easy to make and allows you to get more space. Compared to four slopes, it has less difficulty and weight. Also in this case less material is required. The roof of a house is significantly different from other types. In this case, you need to make triangular pediments at the ends of the building.

Before you can build your own four-beam roof, you have to do some serious preparation. This structure has more elements than previous roofs. Besides, in the attic there is no way to make full windows because the design is devoid of gables. Do-it-yourself roof installation in this case involves the installation of attic windows and dormer windows. They are designed for lighting and evacuation.

An excellent option would be a combined design. He can combine signs of all these types. Another option for an attic is to build a roof with broken slopes. In this case, the lower part of the roof slopes more than the upper one. This assembly allows you to raise the ceiling in the room and make your home more comfortable.

Materials for work

The modern building industry offers a vast array of traditional and innovative roofing materials. To understand all of their variety, you need to take a closer look at the main types of parameters. However, first it is worth understanding what principles are used when choosing certain roofing materials. The choice of material depends on many factors:

The modern market is full of various roofing materials. They must not only be strong enough. A prerequisite is the ability to withstand various negative atmospheric factors.

The construction of the roof of a private house requires the preparation of tools and materials.

In particular, you will need:

Construction methodology

Let's consider how to make the roof correctly. To determine the configuration and size of the roof, it is necessary to take into account the snow and wind load in the existing climatic conditions- the smaller the angle, the better the structure can withstand loads. But a small angle (40 degrees or less) does not allow full use of the attic space.

The shape and structure of the roof is designed according to the design plan: the key pillars of the roof system must be aligned with the lines and points of the supporting structures of the lower floor. Thus, it is necessary to take into account the width of the house, the presence of a longitudinal load-bearing wall in the center. If the attic is not going to be used as a living space, you can build a solid roof with multi-layer rafters. In this case, the rafters are attached to a walkway that supports the pillars supported by an inner support wall.

If the decision is made to install the gable roof with your own hands, you should carefully read the step-by-step instructions. The functional parameters of the roof also depend on the correct insulation, characteristics and quality of installation of the topcoat.

Self-contained Mauerlat device

Before you build the roof of the house securely, you need to take care of fixing the Mauerlat - the wooden bandage of the house, which serves as the border of the transition from the stone to the wooden part.

Block it in the following ways:

1. The bay strengthens the belt around the perimeter and fixes the studs in it. The stud pitch should be between 1 and 1.5 meters.
2. Then the studs are fixed in the last rows of the house masonry.

Cutting and installing rafters

The rafters are the hardest part of the job. It is important not only to mount the rafter legs, but also to cut them correctly. In the event of a skew, the entire roof will "walk", which is bad for the house.

Now you need to cut off the top edge of the board so that the rafter system of two parallel legs can be connected with cutting edges without voids and gaps. To do this, you need to lift the board up, lean it against the Mauerlat and raise it to the desired angle. In the center, overlapping to the rafter floor, you need to draw a line. This will be the cutting line of the board. That is, in the upper part of the rafter we get an inclined cut. All cut-out rafters are assembled securely at the top with brackets, ties and bolts.

Roof gable device

The pediment is a continuation of the wall bounded by the roof slopes. If there is a gable roof, then the pediments of the house are triangular. When installing the structure, the first parts are first installed, which subsequently serve as a frame for the gables. It is necessary to strictly check the verticality of the structure and make sure that they are of the same height. In the upper part of the gables, a mountain ridge is attached, on which the rest of the rafter structures are later mounted.

Usually, gables are sewn up after roofing work, but this can be done at an earlier stage. The mounting of boards 50 x 100 or 50 x 150 mm is carried out vertically or horizontally. A do-it-yourself pediment is often fitted with windows. It is necessary to provide for the insulation of the gables.

Installation of the frame and roofing cake

In continuation of the topic, it is worth noting that the next step will be the installation of the frame and construction roofing cake. Once the system is ready, it is necessary to lay the frame, which will become the basis for other pie materials - steam and waterproofing, as well as for other insulation and roofing materials.

The roof covering can be installed from 100x50 mm unedged boards. In this case, the pitch of the boards depends on the final roofing material. The heavier it is, the smaller the stride should be. Usually it is 30 cm.

Important: it is advisable to fold a layer of vapor barrier under the frame. It will protect the insulation from evaporation from the house. Planks are already installed at the top of the barrier.

Now, perpendicular to the tree, you need to lay the beam in steps equal to the width of the plates or rolls of insulating material. Insulation is laid between them, neatly into the existing grooves.

From above, everything is covered with a layer of waterproofing and fixed with another perpendicular frame (in this case, horizontal). And already on it the last roofing material is installed.

At the very end of the roof installation in the house, a drainage system must be installed. It is made of cut plastic pipes, bought in advance. Now it remains to sew up the roof with the selected material.

DIY roofing

The plank is stuffed onto the rafter system, the pitch of which is calculated based on the characteristics of the roofing material - its dimensions and rigidity, the installation method. If the use of flexible materials (tiles, rolled bitumen) is required, a flat frame must be made.

Roof shingles are laid in the following order:

The overlap must be strengthened on each wave.... Covering the roof with metal tiles, special attention should be paid to the reliability of fastening the sheets and the accuracy of their connection.

When installing the roof, everything must be done as carefully as possible, otherwise the heat losses will be very significant. Typically, a gable roof is immediately made taking into account the use of various materials. This allows you to build a roof with minimal economic costs. In addition, this approach speeds up and simplifies the installation of thermal insulation and vapor barrier systems. It is recommended to carry out the construction of a gable roof in stages with assistants. Compliance with the technology of work allows us to build a reliable, durable structure.

Building your own home is a noble and certainly rewarding deed. A self-built house is a source of pride for many years and a successful investment that can be passed on from generation to generation. However, for a building to pay off and stand the test of time, you need to take care of its reliability from the very design stage. The optimal use of traditional proven materials and state-of-the-art designs to build a home ensures that the walls will withstand all external threats, but the roof of the house should not be forgotten either. In this article we will tell you how to carry out roofing work with your own hands so as to ensure the highest quality and durable result.

Theory

The first stage of work to create a reliable and durable roof is, of course, competent planning of the upcoming work.

A correctly compiled PPR for roofing work is a significant help for all subsequent actions - after all, the speed of work and the quality of the roof being created largely depend on how accurate and detailed the plan is. Therefore, the theoretical part should by no means be neglected.

In general, roofing works include the following steps:

• Assembly of supporting structures. This includes various rafters, beams and other parts, which will then hold the entire roof.
• Installation of a protective coating. A system consisting of several layers, designed to provide sufficient thermal insulation, as well as protection from moisture and noise.
• Creation of roofing. At the end of the work, an external decorative layer is applied, which protects the insulation system from harmful influences and gives the house a finished appearance.

Of course, specific measures at one stage or another depend on many factors - first of all, the type of roof and the type of roofing.

By their design, roofs are divided into:

• Shed roofs. They have a flat horizontal shape. Due to their characteristics, they are not used very often and are perhaps one of the most unpopular types of roofing for modern private houses.
• Gable roofs. They consist of two slopes connected by a ridge. Thanks to the successful combination of simple design and pleasant appearance, this type of roof is the most popular today.
• Gable roofs. They are a direct continuation of the previous technology. The design of such roofs is very similar to the gable, however, instead of gables, they have two additional slopes.
• Multi-pitched roofs. They are used in houses of complex non-standard shapes. They can combine individual parts of all the above types, as well as elements contained at different heights.

Depending on the specific type of roof, the methods of its construction also differ.

The modern roofing materials market is represented mainly by the following coating options:

• The tile is natural. The most traditional and recognizable material. It is a prefabricated structure made mainly of natural clay.
• The tile is soft. Also, thanks to the materials used for its production, it is sometimes called bitumen. It is a modern, inexpensive analogue of natural tiles, made of various chemicals and compounds.
• Metal tiles. The structure, made of galvanized steel, has a similar appearance to natural tiles, but at the same time is much easier to install.
• Seam roofing. The basis of such a coating is large flat sheets of metal, bonded to each other using a special technology.
• Roll roofing materials. This category includes a variety of modern materials consisting of large-scale sheets fixed to the roof surface by gluing or fusing.

The choice of the most suitable of them also largely determines the methods of roofing.

Practice

So, having decided on the required appearance of the future roof and drawing up a detailed plan of measures, you can proceed to their direct implementation.

Safety precautions during roofing work deserve special mention.

Attention! No matter how simple it may seem to perform this or that work at a height - it is still height, so you should be very careful here.

The first step after the construction of the walls of the house is to create the frame of the future roof. For this, a special system of rafters and supporting beams is assembled, corresponding to the selected roof configuration.

If the choice is made in favor of just a gable roof, then the rafters can be hinged, that is, rely only on the walls and the ridge of the roof.

In the case of creating a roof with four slopes, it is required to provide the rafters with additional stability with the help of auxiliary support systems. Such rafters are called layered, they have several nodes, along which the weight of the entire roof is evenly distributed.

The specific details of a particular design, as well as the ways of their implementation, are enshrined in the relevant standards, which you can refer to in case of any doubts. These, in particular, include ENiR - roofing work is indicated there quite clearly.

After assembling the main supporting system, it is necessary to create a sufficient protective layer of the roof.

At this stage, the so-called "pie" is made - a structure consisting of various layers designed to protect the interior of the house from cold, moisture, and other external threats that may lie in wait for a residential building throughout its operation.

Each element of such a pie is a layer of special insulating material that serves a specific purpose.

This could be:

• Thermal insulation;
• suppression of noise;
• moisture absorption;
• airing the space between the layers;
• and much more.

Each specific set of materials is selected based on specific prevailing circumstances - external climatic conditions, and so on.

Different fastening methods are used depending on the materials used. Some materials can be glued, others can only be nailed, others are simply laid out on the prepared surface.

The latter, in particular, include slabs made of various types of glass wool, which have been increasingly used recently. This material has a relatively low weight, but at the same time it has high thermal insulation and absorbent properties.

At the end of the creation of the insulating layer of the roof, you can proceed to the most difficult and critical part - the imposition of the roof covering.

Unlike all other components of the roof, the roof is very clearly visible from the outside, and often at a rather impressive distance, so every effort must be made to create it competently.

Note! To ensure proper ventilation of the inner part of the roof, in some cases, it is necessary to pre-create a sheathing of wooden beams.

When the roof surface is completely ready for the application of the roofing material - properly cleaned, equipped with battens, etc. - you can begin to create the desired coating layer. It still depends on the choice of material, but there are still some general rules.

For example, roofing is always created starting from the outside of the roof, slowly moving towards its ridge. This ensures the rational use of the material, as well as the necessary level of safety for the people performing the roofing work.

Roofing can be fixed in many different ways - it can be either special screws and nails, or more technological solutions like fusing material onto the roof surface using special burners.

The latter is used for modern roll materials, while traditional types of coatings (such as various types of tiles) are connected in a more familiar, but at the same time, reliable way.

In addition, there are several specific options - like, say, the device of which is very simple.

In this case, individual elements of the coating are interconnected using a special technology, the most obvious way to demonstrate it is a thematic video - roofing works using this technology are not so rare, therefore, finding the appropriate training video does not present any particular problems.

When the entire roofing sheet is neatly laid and securely fastened, a few final touches need to be made.

This may include the necessary sealing of all joints, the application of an additional external protective layer or special impregnation, as well as the decorative design of the roofing material.

After that, the entire process of roofing work can be officially considered complete. You can safely remove all auxiliary structures and systems, wait for all the applied layers and coatings to dry, and use the finished house for its intended purpose.

The roof created in compliance with all norms and standards will serve you faithfully for a very long time, bringing warmth and comfort to your home.

And the realization that all this is done with your own hands will bring an additional feeling of confidence and comfort to your home.

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Technical specialist Andrey Filippov of the Spets.Krovlya company, which has been professionally engaged in the installation of the roof of private houses since 2009, helped us in the preparation of this material. The guys answered all our questions in detail, for which we express our gratitude!

After the foundation and walls are ready, you can proceed to the last stage of building the house - installing the roof. The information in this article will help you understand the main aspects of this process. Do-it-yourself roof installation must begin with an acquaintance with the main types of roofs that are common in private construction.

Roof types

There are several main types of structures that differ from each other in the complexity of the work:

Before you start installing the roof with your own hands, observe the types of roofing of houses in the area. This will help you decide on the desired shape and type of construction. Broken mansard roofs are often found on medium-sized houses. This situation is explained by the fact that such roofs allow you to equip an attic for a living room. In addition, this type of roof does not differ in the complexity of installation.

It should also be remembered that the larger the area of ​​the house, the more additional elements and accessories can be on the roof surface. But if you do not have sufficient knowledge on creating complex roofs, then it is better to turn to specialists. The more complex the roof, the more complex the rafter system.

Materials you need

After you have decided on the choice of the type of roof, you can proceed to the choice of the coating itself. The number and cross-section of the rafters, as well as the technical characteristics of the entire roof, depend on it. After all, the roof with your own hands must be done correctly. The most durable rafter system should be under the shingles. Ceramic tiles have a much greater weight than slate and metal, therefore it is very important to calculate the characteristics of the rafters for such a coating (for more details: ""). For their installation, it is necessary to purchase a bar, boards, slats and nails. Also, to organize a roofing pie, you will need insulation, waterproofing and vapor barrier films, screws and nails. The consumption of all materials directly depends on the complexity of the roof, its area and the roofing material itself. Calculations of materials should be carried out in advance, while we recommend that you involve specialists for these purposes.

Sequence of work

Roof mounting technology involves laying the Mauerlat along the perimeter of the wall. This is a thick bar, which is the support and foundation for the rafter system. The strength of this element directly affects the strength of the rest of the structure. Therefore, the choice of wood and fasteners should be approached with great care.

The installation of the Mauerlat is checked with a level. Distortions in one direction or the other must not be allowed. It is best to use anchor bolts for fastenings. They are installed even when pouring the reinforcing belt, while the ends are left protruding (more: ""). The Mauerlat will be mounted on the bolts later. To do this, holes are made in it, strictly one step at a time between the bolts. The bar is seated with a sledgehammer, while making sure that it lies flat and tightly.

After laying the Mauerlat, they proceed to the installation of the truss truss. The rafters are assembled from thick boards or timber. It is they who will have all the main load, so you should not save on materials. Then the rafters are fastened with ties, lintels, spacers and crossbars. If you already know how to do the installation of a roof with your own hands, then all tasks are greatly simplified. If this is the first experience of such work, then it is better to enlist the help of someone who has already been involved in the installation of the roof.

Remember that each rafter leg necessarily rests on the Mauerlat, at the other end it joins the opposite rafter. The step width depends on the size of the roof and the weight of the roofing cake. The greater the estimated load, the narrower the step of the rafters should be.

The part where the bars are joined is called the ridge. Crossbars are reinforcing lintels between the bars. If you are installing the roof with your own hands, the type of which is gable, then the end result should be a structure in the form of two triangles fastened together. It is more convenient to collect them on the ground. Installation is carried out directly at the top. The assembly of the roof structure is carried out only after the ceiling beams have been installed. The rafters are installed as follows - first, the extreme beams are fixed, which are fixed by the ridge beam, then proceed to the installation of all the others. After that, the bars are finally fixed with nails and screws. Additional ties and jumpers are installed in the right places.

Along each rafter leg, it is necessary to fill the slats of the counter battens. It is needed to organize the gap between the rafters and the crate. This creates sufficient ventilation space. The battens of the crate are stuffed onto the counter-lattice. They are fixed with a certain pitch across the rafters. If all this technology seems too complicated for you to understand, we advise you to contact a more experienced builder, as well as watch photos and videos of how to assemble a rafter system, etc. In fact, all the work is not so complicated, it is just important to understand their principle ...

After the rafter system and lathing are ready, you can proceed to the next stage of roof installation.

Protection and insulation

Before laying the roofing material, it is necessary to equip the roof protection. This item is mandatory, as otherwise cold and moisture will get into the house.

The protective layers of the roof are usually arranged in this order:

• vapor barrier that protects the insulation from moisture;
• insulation - keeps warmth in the house;
• waterproofing, does not allow moisture to pass through the thermal insulation;
• finishing coating with roofing material.

These four layers are commonly referred to as roofing cake. Work on the arrangement of protection begins with laying a heat insulator between the rafters. Mineral wool is increasingly being used as such a material. It is resistant to wear, has a long service life and is light in weight. To reduce the cost of construction, you can use foam, but it is highly toxic and flammable. Therefore, it is not recommended to do insulation in this way. For reliable protection of the roof, the insulation is laid in two layers. Thus, a gasket with a thickness of about 10 cm will turn out.For regions with a relatively warm climate and not severe winters, 5 cm is quite enough.

In addition to protecting the house from the cold, thermal insulation acts as a sound-absorbing material. This feature of the insulation becomes especially relevant for houses in noisy places and in the case of using metal coatings as a roofing material.

After laying the insulation, proceed to the installation of the vapor barrier film. It is pulled from the inside, from the side of the attic. The film is attached to the rafter system with a stapler. Thus, it will close the thermal insulation from the inside. This protects the mineral wool from steam that rises from the living quarters.

The next stages of roofing work are carried out already from the outside. A diffusion waterproofing membrane is laid on top of the thermal insulation. It does not let moisture inside, which forms on the inner surface of the roofing material or penetrates through small cracks. At the same time, the steam that forms in the heat insulator freely rises up and passes through the film. That is, even if the thermal insulation is even slightly saturated with moisture, it will soon be easily removed from this layer of the "pie". The film is fixed along the crate with a stapler.

At this point, the roofing cake is almost ready and all that remains is to lay the final layer. Thus, you almost know everything you need to do in order to fully carry out the installation of a roof with your own hands.

Roof rafter system, detailed video instruction:

Finishing coat

If you carefully read the previous sections of the article, then you have probably already chosen the roofing material. But let's go over some of them again.

So, for example, slate is the lowest cost. It allows you to easily carry out the installation of the roof and at the same time get reliable protection for the house. But the appearance of such a roof, to put it mildly, is not very attractive. Since slate does not differ in elegance, it is often used for installing roofs on extensions, baths and garages. However, slate would be a good solution for a small country house.

Natural roof tiles have a much better appearance. A house with such a covering stands out well along with others. Shingles have many advantages, but remember that they are very heavy. And therefore, the rafter system must be strong enough and of high quality. The service life of such a roof is very long, its installation is relatively easy and fast. But for the work it will be necessary to attract specialists, since the correct organization of the lathing system plays a huge role.

Metal tiles are very popular. It simulates the appearance of the previous coating. In addition, the technical characteristics are at a high level - durability, beauty, lightness and low cost. Installation of such a roof will not take much time. In addition, thanks to the coating with a protective polymer, the metal tile will last for many years without requiring repair. From a certain distance, the roof appears to be covered with individual shingles, but in reality it consists of sheets that must be installed in a specific sequence.

Regardless of the material chosen, always place the bottom element under the top one. Each type of roofing has its own characteristics of installation, and therefore it is necessary to strictly adhere to the instructions for work or seek help from professional roofers.

Very often, do-it-yourself roof installation ultimately allows you to get a coating that is no different from the work of professionals. Lack of knowledge and experience is compensated by responsibility and the desire to do better, more reliable, more beautiful for oneself.

We do not recommend amateur builders to save on materials, but if you really have "golden hands", then it is quite possible to save on some accessories. These roof elements include a drain. It is necessary so that the water that flows down the plane of the roof is reliably removed, and does not fall on the walls and foundation. For these purposes, ordinary plastic pipes, sawn in half, are perfect, from which you can make. It is a great alternative to ready-made gutters. At the same time, a correctly selected pipe diameter allows you to create a high-quality rainwater drainage system.

As a result, the erected roof, regardless of the chosen material, must meet the requirements of strength and reliability. If you managed to create such a covering that protects well from rain and snow, absorbs noise and cold, then you have done all the work correctly and the quality of living in the house will be very high.

Roof design begins with collecting loads. Calculate the total weight of one square meter of the entire roof structure. To do this, you must first draw the roof drawings and calculate the snow and wind load according to the area where the construction is underway.

In order to properly collect the load, you need to know the specific gravity of all materials that are used to build a roof, from the type of wood to the type of insulation and outer coating. These data are necessary for the correct selection of the pitch of the rafter legs. The more the load falls, the less the distance should be between the rafters.

The maximum distance that is allowed between the rafters should not exceed 1200 mm. The optimal distance is one meter. Next, you should select the cross-section of the bar.

To calculate the roof structure, there is a special algorithm of many formulas, but all of them are intended only for the analysis of the construction of large industrial buildings. For private construction, the cross-section selection process can be simplified.

The height of the bar is calculated from the maximum length of the rafter leg. 1/20 of the length will be the optimal bar height. But 1/3 of the resulting height - this will be the required width of the timber. The result is a robust system that can withstand heavy loads.

In a wooden house, the upper strapping beam for a frame house will serve as a support for the rafters. In a brick house, a Mauerlat should be installed along the upper edge of the masonry - a horizontal powerful bar, which is attached to the wall with crutches.

A do-it-yourself roof is built in a few days, if you plan the whole process correctly. At the junction of two different materials, for example brick and wood, it is always necessary to install waterproofing. Roof erection instructions begin with the correct installation of the load-bearing beams. Then inclined rafters are installed at an angle that is provided for in the project.

To secure the rafters, slopes and strapping boards are installed as part of the sheathing. The fastening of all the rafters into a single structure makes the wooden roof stable. At this stage, it is important to accurately align the position of the rafter legs, they must be in the same plane, strictly in the correct design position.

After fixing the rafter legs, the crate is stuffed, which is a row of boards with a certain step, then the final coating will be attached to them. If the roof is provided from soft materials, the sheathing is made of a solid type from plywood sheets. In all other cases, it is enough to nail the lathing elements at some distance from each other.

After that, protective materials (insulation and vapor barrier) are laid and the final roofing is installed. In some cases, the insulation is done inside the structure after the installation of the roofing material. The rafter roof must be ventilated to ensure a normal microclimate for the structures and their durability.

Any work can be divided into stages. So, do it yourself roof step by step.

First step. Calculate the roof, collect the load, determine the section of the timber, its length. It is imperative to bring all the data into the bill of materials consumption.

Second step. Prepare all the necessary tools, purchase material, prepare a storage area. Consider a mechanism for feeding heavy structures to the roof. On the day of work, you may need to hire a crane.

Step three. Prepare the surface for work. Start installing the Mauerlat, strapping beam and rafter legs. Carefully check the design position of the rafters. At the end of the working day, make sure that the working structure is securely fastened.

Fourth step. Submission of lathing boards. Fastening the battens and laying protective materials under the roof. A lot of trimming work will have to be done at this stage. It is difficult and long to work with a hacksaw, so you need to rent a parquet floor or a jigsaw.

Fifth step. Installation of roofing material, check of joints. Here, after the completion of the installation work, the box can be hemmed in order to exclude the wind pressure from the side of the wall under the covering structure.

The gable sloping roof significantly improves the functionality of the attic space. A conventional gable roof creates dead space with an inclined plane, in which you cannot stand at full height.

The gable sloping roof expands the space due to the special design of the bend of the inclined plane. Thus, a full-fledged interior space is obtained, which can be equipped as a bedroom.

According to the drawings, such a roof of a house is built by installing strictly vertical racks and horizontal puffs, and hanging and layered rafters are lined up on the sides of the improvised rectangle. To provide the structure with the necessary strength, struts are installed from the floor beam to the middle of the layered rafter.

All other work is performed in the same way as described above. The main difficulty in building the structure of a gable sloping roof is to choose the right cross-section of the timber and install all the elements according to the drawing. In most cases, insulation and vapor barrier are added to the roofing cake. This greatly complicates the process of installing a rafter roof, but without these elements it makes no sense to make an attic room.

For a private house, it is preferable to choose a pitched roof with a slope of more than 2.5%. The simplest option is a pitched roof, but this is used only on auxiliary structures. The design of the character is one flat sloped roof plane that rests on the two side walls of the building.

A gable roof is considered universal, which rests on two outer walls at the same level, and the inclined planes are reduced in the middle into one ridge node. The end part of such a roof is called a pediment and is usually sealed with the same material from which the load-bearing part of the house is built.

The hip roof is a hipped roof without a gable. On all sides of the building, the roof is reduced from the upper edge of the wall upwards. Such a roof is better than others adapted to perceive wind and snow loads, but it is rather difficult to construct. All nodes of the roof frame must be built in compliance with the complex laws of the statics of structures.

The hip roof looks approximately like a hip roof, but its main difference is that all four roof planes have a strictly triangular shape. As a result, from the center of the building, the inclined planes diverge in four directions, forming a tent.

A broken or mansard roof is the creation of broken roof planes at an obtuse angle. As a result, a rather voluminous attic-type room is obtained, which can be used as a residential one.

All types of roofs have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some look better, but require significant construction costs, others are simple to build, but also unpresentable in appearance. Roof selection is usually done after determining the snow and wind area. It is important to agree on the type of roof at the design stage.

Basically, building the roof of a frame house is no different from building a roof for another type of building. The only point concerns the fastening of the rafter legs to the supporting structures. Here, instead of a Mauerlat, a strapping beam is used.

The rest of the technique is the same. For the convenience of construction, before starting it is necessary to build a raised floor or mount a full-fledged wooden floor. Installing the rafters from the scaffold is inconvenient and time-consuming.

For a frame house, it is recommended to choose the least massive roof structure so that it does not create critical pressure on the load-bearing elements. Additional elements on the roof, including dormers, should not be built on, if they are not foreseen in the project.

DIY roof. Design

Depending on the roof structure, the amount of materials and the cross-section of the support beams should be selected. For a private house, especially a frame type, a gable and gable sloping roof is most effective. All other structures are quite complex and require a large number of retaining elements, which significantly make the entire roof heavier.

For a frame house, it is better not to use natural ceramic tiles as a covering. In addition to the fact that it is very heavy, for installation you will need to densely fill the crate. As a result, it will be necessary to additionally strengthen the bearing racks or reduce the step between them, which will lead to an overspending of materials.

The support bar is used to fasten the rafters at the bottom. It is impractical to support the rafters on the wall, therefore, an additional beam is used, which perceives the inclined load and transfers it to the supporting structures strictly vertically.

A bar of a sufficiently large section should be used as a support bar. It must be firmly fixed to the wall. In the case when the roof, together with the support bar, simply lie on the wall, the roof can be blown up by the wind. Despite the heavy weight of the entire roof, it can fly away with heavy gusts of wind.