Cellar in the garage

A basement in a garage for storing groceries is a very smart solution. But it can cause high humidity, which will be a direct threat to tools and the vehicle. There is also a downside, the garage room belongs to the category of industrial structures, which can negatively affect the safety of products. To compensate for these two problems, high-quality thermal insulation is important. The conversation will focus on how to insulate the cellar in the garage.

Features of warming basements and cellars in the garage

In order for stocks to be maintained for a long time and reliably, it is necessary to create the right conditions for this. The main enemy of workpieces is low temperature. If the roots freeze in the vegetable pit, they will lose their nutritional and nutritional properties. Therefore, the main task is to ensure the temperature inside the cellar is not lower than + 1-5 degrees without the use of heating elements.

Another problem is high humidity. The basement must not only be properly insulated, but also supply and exhaust ventilation must be performed so that the humidity indicators meet the standards. Do not run pipes directly into the garage. Firstly, excess moisture will be drained into it, which is unacceptable for a car located there. Secondly, the intake of air from the garage is undesirable, as it can contain chemical vapors. At the ends of the pipes, it is necessary to install plugs so that rodents do not penetrate through them into the cellar.

Ventilation scheme for a garage with a basement

In solving these issues, it is imperative to take into account the following factors:

• the thickness and material of which the walls, floor and ceiling in the cellar are made;
• features of the local climate (in particular, the type and depth of soil freezing, as well as the depth of groundwater);
• the depth and area of ​​the basement (for example, a spacious cellar is more difficult to heat).

The main thing to consider when insulating a garage basement is the increased fire hazard of the room. When choosing an insulation material, first of all, you need to pay attention to its flammability.

Preparatory work (selection of materials, tools)

Before starting work, you need to decide the best way to insulate the cellar in the garage from freezing. There are many good materials, but not all are suitable for rooms with low temperatures, high humidity and ideal conditions for mold growth.

It should be noted right away that fibreboard and wood boards are categorically not suitable, even if bacteriological impregnation is applied to them.

What can be used from traditional insulating materials:

1. Styrofoam. Quite a popular type of insulation that can withstand various temperatures and with a long service life. But it has its drawbacks - the material is too flammable and is loved by rodents.
2. Expanded polystyrene. Durable, capable of withstanding not only low temperatures, but also exposure to chemicals, it has low vapor permeability.

Expanded polystyrene

1. Mineral wool. The material is of high quality, with an affordable cost and good thermal insulation, it consists of many layers, which allows the walls to breathe. But it easily absorbs moisture and requires additional vapor barrier to exclude the possibility of condensation accumulation.
2. Glass wool. This is an economical option, but it is rarely used. Firstly, glass wool is inconvenient to work with, you can injure your skin and eyes. Secondly, due to the accumulation of moisture, the material deteriorates and loses its properties; waterproofing or foil finishing will be required.
3. Reflective insulation. The modern multi-layer option is polished foil or foamed polyurethane. Due to the fact that the material is thin, space is saved.

When making a choice how to insulate a cellar in a garage, it is better to give preference to roll or sheet materials. Installation is simple, there will be no need to involve specialists, all that is needed is a drill-perforator, dowels-umbrellas, a level, a hammer.

Dowel-umbrellas

How to insulate yourself

When using roll or sheet materials, the crate is first made of metal or wooden profiles.

Walls

When starting the installation of the lathing, it is correct to first waterproof the walls with roofing felt or an ordinary dense film, the joints of which are easily fastened with adhesive tape. In rooms with high humidity, it is better to use special waterproofing materials.

The main nuances:

• Wooden lathing is cheaper; any available pieces of wood or remnants of building material are suitable for it. But you will definitely need to apply a special antibacterial impregnation, which will not only save the tree from damage, but also make it less flammable.
• In accordance with the dimensions of the cells of the mounted lathing, the insulation material is cut and tightly laid.
• Space must be left between the insulation and the lining sheet for ventilation of the room, this contributes to an increase in the service life of the entire structure.
• In places where racks and shelves will be installed according to the plan, it is necessary to strengthen the frame (a wooden beam must be taken with a larger section).
• The easiest way to make a crate is according to a pre-marked scheme.

Installation of the lathing

If the basement is small, you can do without the lathing. The algorithm for performing work in this case is as follows:

1. The sheets are carefully joined together.
2. Seal the seams with a suitable adhesive. You can use polyurethane foam for bonding (when its remains completely harden, they are cut off).
3. Fix the material to the walls with dowels.

Ceiling

The ceiling of the cellar has direct contact with the floor of the garage, which causes a significant difference in temperature (condensation will collect on the ceiling). To prevent this from happening, he also needs insulation, which is performed in a similar way to wall surfaces.

You can insulate the ceiling with foam, simply placing it on glue, and then reinforcing it with a mesh or securing it with a finishing layer.

Luke

Due attention must be paid to the door through which the entrance to the cellar is carried out. Whether it is necessary to insulate it like walls and a ceiling is up to the owner himself. Sometimes it is enough just to fit it well, leave no gaps and sheathe it with a rubber seal.

Floor

One of the primary tasks is to insulate the basement and floor in the cellar. In this case, you cannot do without waterproofing; in the spring, when the snow melts, it will save the basement from the rising groundwater.

Insulation of the floor in the basement of the garage

The most common option for warming the foundation and floor is concrete. A sand cushion and crushed stone are placed under it. All layers must be carefully tamped. The top layer is performed by filling with bitumen or by mounting a concrete screed on a reinforced mesh.

When the concrete-filled floor hardens, you can leave it as it is. Alternatively, a flooring made of decorative materials or an additional lathing made of wooden beams are suitable.

A simpler and not too expensive option for floor insulation is an expanded clay layer. It is poured at least 10 cm thick. To protect the floor from subsidence, you will need two types of expanded clay with different fractions.

Before insulating the basement in the garage, it is necessary to carefully level the surfaces of the walls, floor and ceiling. Some people neglect this process and make a big mistake. After all, most coatings are applied to a hard, even surface using anchors or adhesive mixtures.

Leveling walls with plaster

For leveling, plastering is most often used, with the help of which:

• the durability of the installation made is ensured;
• all inaccuracies of the structure are eliminated;
• surfaces acquire the required hardness.

Another common mistake is poorly designed electrical wiring. It is imperative to lay a cable or wire before plastering for the further installation of switching devices and lamps. The open method of laying, although in corrugated plastic or metal pipes, is still undesirable due to the fact that the room has high humidity.

Important advice! A dark and damp basement is great for the growth of all sorts of fungi. Before insulating the walls and ceiling in the garage cellar, they need to be primed.

Now for this on the market there are many different materials with antibiological additives that inhibit the development of mold and bacteria. In addition, primers contribute to the non-flowing of the plaster and its long-term preservation.

If the basement has just begun to be built, then the insulation is performed from the inside and outside. This is a complex and time-consuming process, but necessary. The cellar is dug around the perimeter and a layer of roofing material or bitumen-based material is laid.

Final work

At the final stage, the walls are finished. In the cellar, it has no decorative value. The main task is to provide the necessary microclimate for the safety of food supplies.

Final cladding of the cellar with clapboard

If the room is dry, then you can sheathe the walls with plywood or wood. In this case, it is imperative to treat the cladding material with an antifungal agent. For a basement with high humidity, lining is more suitable.

Wall insulation is not always required in a garage cellar. It happens that it is enough to insulate only the floor. In this case, the usual whitewashing or painting is used as a finish on the wall surfaces.

The garage is considered a good place to park your car. Equipping such a room with a cellar can be a great idea for those who wish to store crops and various preparations in it. Meanwhile, such underground storage facilities are characterized by cold and high humidity, which contribute to the deterioration of many products and the underside of the car. Such phenomena can be avoided if you know how to insulate a cellar in a garage using modern thermal insulation materials and new technologies. If a garage with a cellar is just being built, then you should take care of the insulation of its underground part in advance.

Features of insulation

The process of insulating a garage basement practically does not differ from similar works in other rooms. However, there are a number of nuances that can significantly affect the final result. The fact is that high humidity occurs in all underground rooms. This fact is due to the fact that the walls of basements or cellars have direct contact with the ground. In practice, the soil contains a large amount of moisture, which freely penetrates through the walls of the basement.

Therefore, the main task in arranging a cellar will be to ensure sufficient waterproofing of its walls and floor. The most effective option for such protection of the walls of an underground room is considered to be the application of waterproofing to the outer part of the walls of the cellar. This is a rather laborious process that requires digging a deep trench along the perimeter of the basement, which is impossible when several garages are located in one module. In this case, you can lay the waterproofing on the inner walls of the cellar.

To create a waterproofing layer of basement walls, you can use polymer films, roofing felt, as well as special bituminous mastics. The main thing is to ensure the integrity of such an insulating layer. For wall insulation, you can use mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, as well as other modern materials with high thermal insulation characteristics. Some materials support combustion, so in such a room it is necessary to ensure all fire safety measures and to choose the right choice.

Ventilation

In underground storage facilities such as basements, ventilation plays an important role. For an efficient ventilation system, it is necessary to provide an air connection to the outside. The best option for this would be to install a pipe of a suitable diameter. One end of it must be lowered into the cellar, and the other taken out into the street. If necessary, the chimney can be equipped with an exhaust fan. The ventilation system will be ineffective if you do not provide fresh air from the street to the basement.

Ceiling insulation

The overlap of the cellar in the garage is in direct contact with its cold floor. Therefore, the ceiling in the garage cellar also needs to be insulated. For this, traditional thermal insulation materials such as mineral wool and expanded polystyrene can be used. First, you need to build a crate from a bar or a metal profile. If a tree is used, it should be carefully treated with protective compounds. After the construction of the suspended frame, you need to lay the insulation, cover it with a layer of vapor barrier film and sheathe it with plastic.

Note! When insulating the ceiling with foam, it is enough to glue it to a flat ceiling and additionally secure it with parachutes. The surface is covered with a reinforcing mesh with a special solution. In this case, you do not have to make a frame.

Wall insulation

As already reported, it is necessary to provide a waterproofing layer on the walls of the cellar. To do this, you can use roofing material, polymer film or special formulations based on bitumen. Having provided reliable waterproofing, you should proceed with the insulation of the walls. First, you need to build a crate from a metal profile or a wooden bar treated with a protective compound. The frame is a system of vertical posts and horizontal lintels fixed to the wall by means of dowels.

After the construction of the lathing, you need to lay the insulation, cutting it to the size of the frame cells. When installing insulation, it is necessary to exclude voids and open areas of the wall surface in order to provide them with effective thermal insulation. A layer of vapor barrier film should be provided on top of the installed insulation. This is necessary in order to prevent the penetration of moisture formed in the basement room into the insulation.

The walls are insulated with foam plastic in the same way as for the ceiling.

Floor insulation

Depending on what kind of floor is available in the basement of the garage, you should choose the best option for its insulation. If the floor is a concrete base, then an additional layer of sawdust mixed with sand is required to insulate it. After that, you can build a wooden platform from boards treated with a protective compound. The disadvantage of such insulation is that the sawdust absorbs moisture and this heat-insulating layer will have to be changed frequently.

Note! When insulating the floor with foam, you will need to close it by making a sand-cement screed.

Warming the cellar in the garage is a responsible event, despite the seeming simplicity of such work. This is due to the increased humidity of underground rooms and the likelihood of penetration of cold air masses into them. The insulation process requires the provision of the necessary insulation, and compliance with all existing rules.

How to insulate a cellar in a garage - ways to insulate cellars in garages photo

Learn how to insulate your garage cellar. The article discusses methods of warming a cellar. How to insulate the ceiling, walls and floor of the cellar is described in detail.

How to insulate a cellar and where to start

Do-it-yourself work in the cellar for insulation

As a rule, the cellar is used for storing food, since this room is maximally adapted for such use. Thermal insulation of the cellar solves not only the problems with the storage of food, but is also responsible for the heat in the house.

So, an uninsulated cellar will cause cold and high humidity.

How to properly insulate a cellar: the beginning of work

Insulation work can be done independently, it is not necessary to involve specialists.

• It is worth carrying out work on the thermal insulation of the cellar even at the construction stage.
• Do-it-yourself cellar insulation begins with waterproofing the foundation and carrying out work, the result of which will be good air circulation in the room.

Advice. If it is found that condensation is present on the walls of the room, this indicates that the foundation of the building is poorly waterproofed. In this case, insulation should not be carried out until work has been completed to protect the supporting base.

• Another way to waterproof the foundation is to lay a drainage ditch, which is arranged at a depth of about 30 cm below the level of the cellar of the house.
• All of the above measures are, in fact, only an addition to protection. Of course, they are very important, but they are not essential.

Note. The main and most important method of waterproofing is to treat the walls both outside and inside the foundation of the building with special compounds.

Wall waterproofing

Wall treatment with liquid rubber - reliable protection against moisture

The simplest and most inexpensive way to work from the inside is to cover the walls with liquid rubber. The price for such a polymer-bitumen solution is quite acceptable.

• The solution is perfectly applied with a brush or roller to a previously prepared surface.
• Then the composition is put in any convenient way. Despite the fact that such a mixture has excellent adhesion to the surface, it is necessary to additionally press it against the walls in order to avoid peeling under the influence of moisture.

Note. But such a surface treatment of the walls of the cellar or basement room is not enough, there are many reasons for this.

• If waterproofing was not carried out during construction or was performed poorly, it is necessary to remove all adjacent soil to the walls of the foundation and wait until the walls are completely dry.
• After that, on the surface of the walls, you need to apply a composition of a mixture of diesel fuel and bitumen in proportions of 3: 1, and then cover everything with hot bitumen.
• It is necessary to remember about ventilation, what material would not be chosen for warming the cellar, it will quickly become unusable if there is no air circulation in the room.
• The simplest and most effective method of ventilation is the installation of a system of supply and exhaust ducts made of ordinary PVC pipes with a diameter of 1 to 5 cm.

The air will circulate on its own due to the temperature difference, while the end of the supply duct should be significantly lower than the end of the outlet.

How to insulate the cellar: the choice of material

Cellar thermal insulation: an integrated approach - insulation of the cellar ceiling, walls and floor

To insulate the cellar, you will need several materials, since different raw materials are used for thermal insulation for the walls, ceiling and floor. For example, it is easier to insulate the cellar overlap with foam.

How to insulate a cellar:

• If everything is in order with the waterproofing and ventilation, then you can proceed directly to the insulation of the cellar.
• Despite the fact that internal insulation will significantly change the microclimate of the cellar, do not forget that the wall interacts with the external environment in any case.
• This means that in case of frost or extreme heat, it will significantly heat up or freeze.
• This can be avoided by taking measures for the external insulation of the cellar. The most practical and inexpensive way is to coat with a mixture of cement and sawdust.
• The composition is prepared from the calculation: 1 part of cement and 8 parts of sawdust, with this solution the wall is covered with a layer of 25–35 cm, after drying, a cement screed is applied.

Note. This method, in addition to its direct functional features, will help to "shift" the formation of the dew point into the insulation layer, which will prevent the appearance of moisture in the insulated room.

The walls outside

Instructions for carrying out work on external thermal insulation

Insulation of the walls of the cellar from the inside is ineffective, since the material will significantly reduce the area of ​​the room and still moisture and cold will remain. The strongest thermal insulation is measures aimed at insulating walls from the outside.

If this was not done during construction, then the soil should be removed and thermal insulation carried out from scratch.

The procedure for insulating walls with foam outside:

• It is necessary to eliminate all defects in the walls.
• Make high-quality waterproofing of the walls of the cellar.
• Install foam plates, (experts recommend using a material with a density of 25).
• Insulation, in order to avoid the formation of condensation, is covered with a vapor barrier film.
• A cement screed is made on top, cement of the M-100 brand is used for its preparation, reinforcement is carried out for the fortress.

Insulation of the ceiling in the cellar

We work with the ceiling

"How to insulate the ceiling of the cellar?" - perhaps the most pressing question, since half of the total heat exchange between the room and the environment occurs through the floor and ceiling. Therefore, the insulation of the cellar ceiling is a very important stage of thermal insulation.

Polyfoam, as insulation for the cellar, is best suited:

• Excellent thermal insulation characteristics.
• Low weight does not create stress on structural elements.
• Affordable and cost effective.
• Low exposure to moisture.
• Does not rot or mold.

We work with foam:

• The only alternative to foam is expanded polystyrene. Other materials can be used as insulation, but they are much more expensive and less practical.
• Before proceeding with the insulation, it is necessary to eliminate all wall defects: chips, cracks. You need to check the condition of the joints.
• Styrofoam is very easy to use, it is enough to glue it with frost-resistant glue to the surface or attach it with special dowels.
• Foam fasteners can also be made without the help of a special lathing. The advantage is that the material is non-hygroscopic, and therefore does not require the installation of a vapor barrier film.

Advice. In the event that glass wool or similar insulation is used, it is necessary to mount the crate.

The disadvantages of foam include a high fire hazard, therefore, wiring and other sources of ignition should be isolated from the material as much as possible. In addition, polystyrene is not environmentally friendly, which is why it is not used in residential premises.

Thermal insulation "cake" for the floor

There are several ways to insulate the floor. The most common option is expanded clay insulation. This requires a vapor barrier, the role of which is played by a vapor barrier film. After that, beacons are installed according to the rules.

Note. Then expanded clay is poured, the fraction of which is from 5 to 20 mm, the layer thickness should be at least 10 cm, and then it is poured with a reinforced concrete screed and leveled.

Floor insulation can be done with crushed stone and sand.

• The top layer of the floor is removed with a thickness of about 30 cm.
• A 10 cm layer of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom of the formed depression.
• The device is a 5 cm thick sand cushion.
• Tamping.
• Filling with bitumen for waterproofing.

Application of reinforced concrete screed followed by leveling.

Doors and hatches

The door or hatch to the cellar must also be insulated; thermal insulation can be carried out as in the case of the walls. An important point is the elimination of cracks: the fact is that this can lead to a violation of air circulation.

How to insulate a cellar?

The underground room is intended for storing fresh and processed fruits and vegetables throughout the year. If the insulation of the cellar was carried out poorly from the inside, or the thermal insulation of the cellar from the outside, then moisture accumulation and an unacceptable temperature regime are possible.

These factors can lead to crop spoilage, mold and surface rot. You need to think about how to insulate the cellar from the inside from freezing.

Due to poorly made waterproofing, moisture can penetrate into the structure in the form of precipitation or melt, flood waters.

The solution to insulation problems can be additional and well-made thermal insulation. In order to decide how to properly insulate the cellar or how to insulate the ceiling of the cellar, you need to learn about all the existing methods of protecting against heat loss, choose the required insulation and carry out all the work in the required sequence.

Thermal insulation of walls

The walls must be additionally covered with a heat-insulating layer to protect against heat loss. It is also important in order to prevent a short circuit, fire or damage to electrical equipment.

Insulation works provide the following advantages:

• Dry wall surfaces;
• Insulation of cables and wires, especially if lighting is provided;
• Waterproofing joints between walls and foundations;
• Impregnation of walls with solutions that serve as a barrier for microorganisms, mold and mildew;
• Thermal insulation of the interior surfaces of the room.

Foam insulation is an inexpensive but very reliable method of insulating underground spaces. The material itself has high thermal insulation characteristics, is easy to install and can be coated with any impregnation.

If high humidity is found in the room, then the foam is needed with a density of 25 kg per cubic meter or more, since it is he who can serve as a reliable barrier against moisture.

You can use extruded polystyrene foam, which is more expensive, but has an absolute impermeability to water and a long service life.

Experts note an unpleasant drawback of such a material - its combustion. Because of this, when conducting wires through the insulation, it is necessary to make separate cable channels.

It is important to seal all joints, seams and crevices with a solution of polyurethane foam or sealant. If there is a likelihood of groundwater penetration, a penetrating mixture should be treated, noted by experts as one of the most effective in the fight against moisture.

Sequence of work

When a cellar is being built, how to insulate the surface of the walls is decided even before the start of work. With the help of foam, the thermal insulation will be quite simple and should be performed in the following order:

• A wooden frame of all surfaces of the walls of the room is made and fixed;
• Polyfoam fits as tightly as possible into the inner surfaces of the frame;
• The insulation is attached with dowels, with the calculation of 5 pieces per sheet of material;
• Slots and joints are sealed with polyurethane foam and sealant;
• The mounting mesh is glued and the surface is plastered.

When insulating with foam, it is extremely important to protect the front door by insulating it more thoroughly than the walls. This will provide a high-quality barrier against cold outdoor air and better food safety.

Mineral wool and its analogues

Fiberglass, unlike foam, is resistant to combustion and has low thermal conductivity. When using such a material, it is important to make high-quality waterproofing, since it is very vulnerable to water and high humidity.

If water is allowed to enter the room, the mineral wool will quickly absorb water and lose its heat-shielding characteristics.

The destruction of the heat-insulating layer can occur during 1 season of the cellar's operation, the insulation of which will have to be carried out anew.

In this case, plaster on top of the insulation, and on the walls, you can use additional finishing bars.

Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam insulation is one of the most reliable and durable method of wall surface insulation. Moisture resistance and absence of seams provide high-quality thermal insulation, which will maintain the permissible level of humidity and room temperature.

The cost of the material is significantly higher than its counterparts, but it is environmentally friendly, therefore it will become the optimal way of insulation when storing fresh fruits and vegetables.

For insulation with expanded polystyrene plates, you can choose a similar foam, which has the quality characteristics of foam and plastic. The mass turns out to be homogeneous, characterized by increased heat-insulating characteristics and greater resistance to moisture. Penoplex insulation is carried out at the very initial stage of construction.

The material consists of many small closed cells that give it rigidity and strength. Such a layer can withstand the load from the soil and the weight of the structure if it is laid on the floor. Penoplex is produced in sheets from 3 to 10 cm thick.

Ceilings with the help of foam are laid in blocks of not very high density, and more rigid structures are chosen for the floor and walls.

The overlap of the storehouse, made of concrete slabs, is more likely to freeze than other surfaces. Before insulating the cellar in the garage, it is important to remember that even if it does not cool down due to frost outside, the cool air of the underground room and the warm air of the garage from above can lead to the formation of condensation and high humidity.

Dry and warm air inside the storage can be guaranteed by using moisture-resistant substances. They impregnate the entire surface of the ceiling, even if it is the insulation of the cellar in the garage.

Foam plastic is glued to dry concrete with additional fixation with dowels. As an alternative to such a fastening, you can use slats in which the insulation is laid.

At the end of the work, all seams are processed with polyurethane foam, the assembly mesh is laid. Insulation of the cellar ceiling ends with a finishing layer of plaster.

Basement floors play one of the most important roles in the safety of crops - they provide an optimal microclimate for the cellar. When the cellar floor is insulated, its reliability and durability depend on the quality of the hydro and thermal insulation made, which can be equipped in several ways.

Warming with expanded clay assumes a leveled base, which is covered with sheets of roofing material. Roofing felt or roofing felt is used even for external thermal insulation, so they are strong and invulnerable to temperature extremes. On top of such waterproofing, expanded clay is poured with a layer of 25 cm. The entire structure is poured with a concrete screed reinforced with reinforced rods.

Sand and crushed stone

Warming with a sand-crushed stone mixture also presupposes a prepared surface, on which 20 cm of crushed stone and 5 cm of sand are poured. The pillow is covered with roofing material or a film, which will provide high-quality hydro and vapor barrier, a reinforced belt is made and a concrete mixture is poured.

Warming the cellar with foam on the floor requires a sand or gravel cushion, which is covered with waterproofing materials. On top of the roofing material, foam plastic is placed for the insulated layer and the screed is poured.

Experts recommend making mandatory ventilation, which will ensure high-quality air exchange and reduce the formation of condensation on surfaces. If you properly insulate the cellar on the street, you can achieve a dry and reliable room in which the harvest will be stored until next year in the desired condition.

Cellar: how to properly insulate and choose the insulation material

How is the thermal insulation of the walls of the cellar carried out? Features of floor and ceiling insulation. How to properly insulate the basement?

How to insulate a cellar from freezing correct insulation from the inside and outside

At the dacha, in a personal plot or in the courtyard of an honest house, they arrange a separate structure for storing vegetables, canning, winter preparations, twists and other things. The correct arrangement of the cellar involves insulation, to create an optimal microclimate in the storage. The cellar and basement differ in a number of parameters, which means that the approach to their insulation for the winter will differ in several points.

What is the difference between a cellar and a basement

Basement - a room located under a residential building. The key characteristic is the presence of indirect heating. In this case, during the heating period, the basement is much warmer than the cellar. In addition, communications are located in it. In this connection, the requirements for basement insulation are stricter. Among other things, the basement ceiling is a serious source of heat loss from the heated rooms on the ground floor.

Cellar - an object located separately or located under the summer kitchen, garage, outbuildings. The temperature in it is more stable throughout the year, which means that preservation, vegetables or wine are stored much better.

This is what leads to the fact that in the presence of free space on the site, the owners strive to build a cellar on the street. And already during operation, the question invariably arises whether it is necessary to insulate the cellar. Indeed, from excess heat, vegetables will begin to wither and rot, and from a lack of heat, they will freeze.

Of course, it is better to carry out thermal insulation work during the construction of the cellar. But what about those who already have a cellar in the country. How to insulate a cellar from freezing without serious costs?

The choice of the method of insulation provides for work in one of the directions:

• insulation of the cellar outside;
• insulation of the cellar from the inside;
• combined insulation. The most efficient way, because is complex.

Types of cellars for a private house

When deciding how to insulate the cellar from the inside or outside, first of all, the type of cellar is taken into account:

A free-standing room with a depth of up to 0.5 m. It can be free-standing or wall-mounted (one of the walls of the cellar is the wall of an outbuilding or garage). From the point of view of insulation, this is the simplest option, since it is possible to insulate the walls and roof from the outside and from the inside.

Recessed cellar (semi-underground)

The lowest point of the building is located at a depth of no more than 1.5 m from the ground surface. In this case, in addition to warming, one should also think about neutralizing the action of groundwater and frost heaving of the soil.

Underground (bulk) cellar

It is distinguished by the location of the floor at a level of 2-3 meters underground. With proper waterproofing, this is the most advantageous cellar from the point of view of operation, which perfectly keeps a positive temperature, approximately constant, throughout the year.

Despite the differences in construction, the design of the cellar does not differ in variety.

Standard cellar design:

• walls - with dense soil - ground, with moving - brick or stone;
• the floor is absent, or rather it is unpaved;
• ceiling - reinforced concrete or wood.

Accordingly, the insulation of the ceiling, walls, floor is carried out. Those. all surfaces of the cellar through which heat loss is possible.

Materials for warming the cellar

Despite the significant variety of thermal insulation materials, it should be borne in mind that not all of them will work. The material for warming the cellar must have such properties as the ability to maintain geometry, withstand the pressure of water and soil, have high insulating properties (table), and absolute hygroscopicity.

For these reasons, mineral wool or ecowool is of little use for thermal insulation.

If you arrange the materials in descending order, then the following order will appear:

• warming the cellar with foam. The most popular insulation. Indeed, in addition to thermal insulation characteristics, foam plastic is distinguished by its low price and ease of installation. Polyfoam does not rot, is not hygroscopic, is biologically inert, has low weight, does not require the use of vapor barrier films and the arrangement of the lathing. Installed both outside and inside the premises;

• warming the cellar with sawdust or peat soil, which retain heat well and are unattractive to rodents;

• warming the cellar with polyurethane foam. PPU refers to sprayed insulation. Possessing all the properties of its predecessors, it is distinguished by its incombustibility and the ability to fill the entire space (cracks, cracks). Polyurethane foam creates a shell, which is the most reliable way to insulate the cellars both from the outside and from the inside. At the same time, the cost of polyurethane foam is high, and application requires special equipment and the involvement of specialists;

• warming the cellar with expanded polystyrene. Expanded polystyrene has all the characteristics of foam. It is distinguished only by a higher price, which is due to the higher density of the material, the integrity of the sheet structure (the ability not to crumble during installation), the presence of a groove-ridge installation system;

• warming the cellar with expanded clay. Expanded clay, like any other bulk material, has a limited scope. As a rule, it is used for floor insulation. It can also be used for walls with external insulation of an underground (buried) cellar.

• warming the cellar with black soil. Used for external insulation. In this case, the earth is poured onto the roof of the cellar. However, with the current level of technology development, there are many more effective methods of insulation while maintaining the absolute ecological cleanliness of the site.

Insulation technology depending on the type of cellar

Thermal insulation approach taking into account the structure of the building.

Insulation of a ground cellar

With this design, the main emphasis is on wall and roof insulation. So, it is best to do outdoor work and use foam or expanded polystyrene. Insulation works are carried out on the street, according to the technology of installation of these materials. The roof is insulated from the inside. For these works, soft or hard insulation can be used.

Insulation of a buried cellar

The walls of such a cellar are half buried in the ground. Hence, there is a risk of flooding. To level it, you need to free (open) the buried part of the outer wall from the soil, treat it with any waterproofing solution (mastic) or wrap it with roofing material. Then lay a hard insulation or polyurethane foam, re-wrap it with roofing material (this will save the sheet from deformation) and fill it with soil. To minimize the influence of water, it is better to equip the drainage system.

Insulation of a bulk cellar (underground)

It is carried out both outside and inside. Below are detailed recommendations and tips for the step-by-step thermal insulation of a structure for storing agricultural products in the country.

How to insulate a cellar with your own hands

Various insulation technologies in the form of step-by-step instructions.

External insulation of a bulk cellar

The most time-consuming part of the work, the implementation involves the implementation of a number of actions:

• the soil surrounding the roof and walls of the cellar is removed.

Note. Excavation is sometimes not possible. For example, when the cellar is dug into the ground, and the resulting slopes are finished with bricks. Such walls can collapse. In this case, users are advised to remove the soil at a distance of 100-150 mm. from the wall, and then gradually remove the rest.

Additional protection from moisture will be provided by arranging a crushed stone-sand cushion at a depth of 200-300 mm. from the base of the wall.

Some masters advise to tighten the insulation with a polymer mesh to ensure the integrity of the sheet. Roofing material will more successfully cope with this task. But often the distance between the wall and the soil is simply covered with expanded clay, soil with a high clay content or a mixture of soil, sawdust / straw and clay.

In the absence of ventilation in the cellar, it is advisable to take care of it at this stage.

Internal insulation of the cellar

From the inside, walls, ceiling, floor and doors are subject to thermal insulation. Several photos as an example of the finished result.

Insulation of the cellar wall from the inside

• walls are inspected for defects;

• the cellar is freed from the contents, shelves and boxes are temporarily dismantled;

• detected defects are eliminated (protrusions get confused, cracks are foamed with foam or sealant); Increased attention is paid to the quality of the surface, because significant irregularities impede the high-quality installation of foam;

  For this, umbrella dowels or glue are used. The foam attachment starts from the bottom row and moves up. In this case, in each subsequent row, an offset by half of the sheet is performed;

  Note. To eliminate foci of mold formation, it is advisable to treat the walls with a solution of lime and copper sulfate.

  Cellar floor insulation

  There are several insulation methods that have worked well in practice. Consider floor insulation with expanded clay as the best option in terms of price / quality ratio.

  Work order:

  • after the concrete hardens, on which the beacons are exposed and fixed, expanded clay gravel with a fraction of 5-20 mm is poured. At the same time, the thickness of the gravel layer depends on the load that will fall on the floor;
  • a vapor barrier film with an exit to the wall is laid on its surface. The overlap height is equal to the backfill height;
  • the floor is deepened to the depth of the future heat-insulating layer (200-300 mm) and leveled;
  • beacons are installed on the film. The first one is at a distance of 300-400 mm from the wall. The rest at a distance equal to the length of the rule, which will be equal to the screed;
  • a reinforced screed is poured. The thickness of the screed also depends on the load.

  Insulation of the floor in the cellar with sand

  Thermal insulation method using sand and gravel. This method can only be used for screed floors.

  Sequence of work:

  • if no insulation is used, the floor is filled with hot bitumen. It will perform the function of waterproofing;
  • sand and crushed stone pillow is carefully rammed;
  • a layer of crushed stone is poured (100 mm.);
  • the floor deepens to the depth of the future heat-insulating layer and is leveled;
  • a layer of sand (50 mm) is poured on top;
  • a rigid heat-insulating material can be laid on the surface (for example, penoplex, expanded polystyrene plates);
  • the prepared floor is poured with a reinforced concrete screed.

  

  Insulation of the cellar ceiling

  In the case of a buried or ground cellar, the roof of the structure needs insulation. Roof insulation works involve the use of soft or hard insulation, which is installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

  As for the underground (buried, bulk) cellar, the ceiling of the room needs additional insulation.

  Work order:

  • plaster is applied.
  • a layer of hard insulation is mounted;
  • concrete floor slab or wooden beams are treated with a penetrating waterproofing primer. The composition fills the capillaries and prevents water seepage. The wood is additionally treated with an antiseptic;
  • the heat-insulating material is covered with a mounting mesh;
  • whitewashing with lime with copper sulfate is performed.

  Note. The ceiling in the cellar is the most vulnerable place in terms of temperature conditions. Therefore, it is better to insulate it in two layers (100 mm).

  

  Insulation of the entrance group: doors or hatch to the cellar

  If the entrance to the cellar is in the house or in the garage, there are no special requirements for its insulation.

  But if the entrance is located on the street, then it is necessary to insulate the manhole into the cellar.

  Work order:

  • the insulation of the door in the cellar used to be carried out using felt and other soft materials. However, now it is considered justified to use rigid insulation that is glued to the door. Then the insulation is closed with a sheet of plywood, plastic or natural wood. The cracks at the junction of the door to the box must be eliminated. At this point, a door seal is installed;
  • the insulation of the cellar hatch is carried out in the same way. Only more attention is paid to the reliable fixation of the insulation on the surface of the lid. Otherwise, it may fall off.

  An important point to pay attention to when insulating a door or hatch is to exclude the possibility of their arbitrary opening. Otherwise, all work on the thermal insulation of the cellar will be useless.

  Insulation of the caisson for the cellar

  Insulation of a concrete or brick cellar is not difficult due to the optimality of their shapes and resistance to mechanical damage (brick, concrete walls can be drilled, fixing the dowel-umbrella or treated with hot mastic to ensure waterproofing).

  

  But with modern caissons for cellars, the situation is somewhat different, since thermal insulation measures can damage the tightness of the tank.

  Nevertheless, their insulation is also important, because the walls easily let through both heat and cold. Since the caisson is a one-piece structure, it does not need waterproofing. From the point of view of the material used, the caissons for the cellar can be (types):

• plastic (made of polymer materials);
• reinforced concrete (made of concrete rings);
• metal (steel). It should be borne in mind that materials have a different rate of heat loss.

  In this case, the caisson cellar can be in the form of a cube or a cylinder, which leaves an imprint on the choice of a heat insulator. To insulate the caisson for the cellar, you can use bulk, rigid and sprayed insulation. Let's consider how to use them in descending order of popularity:

  • hard insulation. They are used in cases when the caisson has the shape of a cube, square, rectangle with smooth walls. The insulation is glued to the surface of the caisson. The caisson is placed in the ground, the distance between it and the soil is filled up;
  • bulk insulation: soil, expanded clay, sand, peat soil. In this case, the caisson is placed in the ground, and the distance between its walls and the soil is filled up;
  • sprayed insulation - polyurethane foam. Provide the most effective thermal insulation. But the lack of polyurethane foam insulation is high in price and the need to attract craftsmen with special equipment.

  The indicated types of thermal insulation materials are suitable for insulating a metal cellar, as well as insulating a cellar made of plastic. A cellar made of plastic with insulation is presented on the construction market, which eliminates the need to do insulation work with your own hands, it is enough to correctly perform the installation.

  An insulated cellar in the country house or in the courtyard of a private house is a guarantee that the preparations for the winter will be safe and sound, despite the cold or heat "overboard".

  Warming a cellar from the inside and outside with your own hands how to insulate from freezing: photo-video

  
  How to insulate a cellar with your own hands. Materials and technology of insulation from the inside, outside. Thermal insulation of a ground, underground, buried cellar. Insulation of walls, floor, ceiling and caisson for the cellar

Basement insulation, like any arc part of the structure, it is preferable to do it outside at the stage of building a house.

Thermal insulation protects walls and foundations at home from freezing, will move the dew point outward and provide a comfortable and dry atmosphere in the basement all year round.

If, for some reason, external insulation was not done, or not done well enough, will have to be insulated basement from the inside.

According to GOST 9561-91 and SNiP 2.08.01-85, it is imperative to insulate the basement or floors of the first floor. Main reasons, according to which the basement is insulated:

1. The usable area of ​​the house is expanding. Depending on your wishes and possibilities, the basement can be used as a warehouse for storing seasonal items, such as a garage, gym, workshop, etc.
2. Thermal insulation protects the foundation of the house and the walls of the basement from dampness and, as a result, from deformation during heaving of the soil.
3. If the basement is dry and warm, the appearance of dampness, fungi, mold and other microorganisms is excluded, which improves the microclimate and ecological situation in the whole house, and the unpleasant smell goes away.
4. According to the same GOST 9561-91, up to 25 percent of the heat escapes through the cold basement, which means that with insulation, most of the money is saved, which is spent on heating the entire house.

Basic types thermal insulating materials are:

• polymeric materials;
• fibrous materials.

Polymer materials

To polymeric materials include polystyrene, penoplex, etc.

The most suitable insulation is certainly sprayable polyurethane foam. It will perfectly fill all the cracks, in addition, it will not require additional hydro and vapor barrier. It remains to make a false wall over it and the work is completed.

Using, foam or polystyrene foam must first be applied to the wall with a waterproofing layer. It can be liquid rubber, tar, or waterproofing films.

On top of it, using special glue and dowels with fungi, sheets of insulation are tightly attached to each other. The gaps between the sheets are sealed with foam or sealant, in the case of expanded polystyrene. Insulation layer thickness usually 10 cm, but it all depends on the specific situation.

After that, the outer side of the insulation is covered with an adhesive, on which a reinforcing mesh is applied. Another layer of glue is applied to the mesh. After all layers have dried, you can proceed to finishing- grouting, priming and plastering.

Important: when insulating basement walls, it is not recommended to use polystyrene foam. But if, nevertheless, the choice fell on him, you need to choose the most moisture-resistant and durable, for example, the PSB-S-15 brand.

Mineral wool and other types of fibrous materials

These types of insulation strongly not recommended for insulation of any premises from the inside. Due to the fact that, when insulated from the inside, it is located on the inner surface of the wall, it will constantly condense moisture.

If moisture gets in on any materials that have fibers in their structure, they lose their heat-insulating properties, and the whole insulation procedure becomes meaningless.

If, nevertheless, it is necessary to insulate the basement with such materials, it is necessary to carefully protect them from the wall. It could be double layer of waterproofing, or air gap.

After installing mineral wool it is imperative to use a layer of vapor barrier in order for the cotton to "breathe". Then again the air gap and only then the finishing with plasterboard or wood panels.

Basement insulation methods from the inside

When insulating basements from the inside, along with the general rules for installing the selected type of insulation, there are some specific moments.

Warming process the walls of the basement from the inside must be made in the warm season, with dry walls.

If there is condensation on the walls, it is necessary to thoroughly dry the entire room. Otherwise, you can only aggravate the situation and accelerate the process of destruction of the building foundation.

Insulation of the basement walls from the inside

This process is the most important and time consuming in the arrangement of basement thermal insulation. It is on him that the future microclimate depends on 90%. There are some general features:

• It is advisable to use insulation for walls of a polymer type that is not prone to getting wet and does not allow water vapor to pass through.
• Before installing the insulation, the surface of the walls must be leveled as best as possible by removing the old plaster.
• Any insulation must be laid in such a way that there are no gaps between it and the wall.
• Before insulating the walls of the basement, it is necessary to calculate the thickness and vapor permeability of the future heat-insulating layer, according to the calculation considered in the article "" or SNiP 23-02-2003 " Thermal protection of buildings».

Only if all of the above requirements are met can be achieved the desired result when insulating the basement.

Insulation of the ceiling in the basement

Ceiling insulation no less important than wall insulation. The technology here is similar, with the only difference that by insulating the ceiling in the basement, we insulate the floor on the first floor.

Since in the living area always warmer than below, the dew point here falls on the upper surface of the floor slabs.

Basement ceiling insulation options:

• Thermal insulation with foam and other polymeric materials... It is used if the floors are made of concrete. The thickness of the insulation is usually 5 cm. It is carried out according to a scheme similar to wall insulation. First, a thick layer of waterproofing is applied, then sheets of heat-insulating material are attached to the glue or dowel nails, followed by a reinforcing mesh stretched, and glue is applied. After drying, it is plastered. If plastering is not planned, you first need to attach wooden logs to the ceiling, after which the sheathing will be attached to them. In this case, it is necessary to lay a layer of vapor barrier material under the skin.
• Mineral wool... It is used if the ceiling (ground floor) is made of wooden structures. A waterproofing film is attached to the bottom of the wooden base. Wooden blocks are nailed for the outer cladding. it is laid in layers between the bars and fixed with dowels with fungi. A vapor barrier membrane is laid on the cotton wool, and then the cladding elements are attached.

Insulation of floors in the basement

Typically, the basement floor is made directly over the ground. The most common way floor insulation on the ground - with the help of bulk heat-insulating materials. The second method is insulation with polymer sheet materials:

• Floor insulation with expanded clay... To do this, we separate the soil from the insulation using waterproofing. It can be a thick plastic wrap or roofing felt. A layer of expanded clay is evenly poured on top, at least 15 cm and spilled with cement milk. A reinforcing mesh is laid directly on the expanded clay and the entire space is filled with a cement mortar with a thickness of at least 5 cm.
• With foam insulation, or expanded polystyrene the following is performed. A 5 cm thick sand cushion is poured onto the ground, which is well compacted. On top of it, a waterproofing membrane is spread with a margin on the walls. Sheets of insulation are tightly laid on it. Above, there is again a layer of waterproofing and the "pie" is completed by a reinforced concrete screed with a thickness of at least 5 cm.

The use of vapor barrier for basement insulation

When insulating the basement, it is used without perforation... It fits directly onto the insulation without an air gap. If the film is double-sided, then it makes no difference which side to put it on. It happens that the film has a different coating, for example, anti-condensation. Such a film must be laid with the fabric side inside the basement.

Metallic coating on film, if any, should also be on the inside. Manufacturers of vapor barrier films always indicate the outside and the wrong side in the instructions. By observing the installation procedure described by the manufacturer, you can be sure that the heat-insulating layer is reliably protected from water vapor.

Important: Do not pull on the vapor barrier foil with force. It should lie freely on the insulation.

Insulation of the cellar from the inside

The main difference between the cellar and the basement Is the location. The cellar is usually located not far from the main building and, accordingly, does not have protection from external weather factors in the form of a double warm overlap above it.

This fact must be taken into account when insulating the cellar from the inside. If the insulation of the walls and floor does not differ from the insulation in the basement, then the ceiling needs to be isolated from cold in winter and heat in summer more thoroughly.

For insulation of the ceiling in the cellar it is advisable to use boards made of polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene. The total thickness of the insulation must be at least 20 cm.

Warming process is as follows:

• Treatment of floor slabs with waterproofing material.
• Adhesion of 2 layers of insulation to the glue in a cross way with filling the gaps with polyurethane foam. The thickness of each layer of insulation is at least 10 cm.
• Bonding the surface of the insulation with glue using a reinforcing mesh.

If you do not plan to sheathe the resulting "pie" with anything, then you can stop at this. If the ceiling is hidden under the sheet material trim, need to add a layer of vapor barrier between the casing and the insulation.

If it is impossible to insulate the basement from the outside, you can perform heat-insulating work from the inside. With the right choice and the installation of materials, such insulation will be comparable to the external one.

Performing work, need to remember that the basement is a room with a very aggressive environment, and, accordingly, use high-quality materials. Observing the technology of insulation, you can achieve a good result and the house will become warm and cozy, and in addition, a lot of free space will be added.

How to make a dry basement and cellar with your own hands, look at the video:

For high-quality storage of crops and household products in the cellar during the cold season, it is necessary to maintain the optimum temperature in it. If you perform the work related to the arrangement and insulation of this building correctly, the surfaces of its walls and ceiling will not be covered with condensation and there will be a sufficient amount of fresh air in it.

Warming the cellar from freezing

The owners of private households and summer cottages have the opportunity to equip their own basement, designed to store the seasonal harvest of fruits and vegetables, preparations and various food supplies. In order for all the internal and external surfaces in it to be reliably protected from moisture accumulation and from freezing, you need to know how to insulate the ceiling, door and walls in the cellar.

It is possible to create an optimal microclimate in such a storage facility if it is properly built and insulated. A well-equipped cellar is a guarantee that the harvested crop will be fully preserved, regardless of the weather outside.

When deciding how to insulate the basement, one should take into account its type, which is:

• terrestrial;
• underground;
• buried.

It is easiest to insulate a ground object, since in this case it is possible to arrange thermal insulation inside and outside it. In turn, a buried basement requires not only insulation, but also waterproofing of surfaces. The most successful option for arranging a cellar is underground or bulk, since then a positive temperature regime is constantly maintained.

Despite the above-described differences in the types of storage facilities, their design has a roof, floor and ceiling. Therefore, when performing insulation, all these surfaces should be insulated in accordance with the peculiarities of the functioning of the building.

For example, during the construction of a surface structure, special attention is paid to the insulation of the cellar - the ceiling, roof and walls in it, and for outdoor work, expanded polystyrene and foam are used. Before the thermal insulation of the buried storage, waterproofing is carried out, since there is a high probability of its flooding.

The most laborious is the process of arranging an underground facility - it involves a partial excavation of the soil that surrounds the walls and roof, with the construction of a protective barrier in the future to prevent moisture penetration.

Waterproofing surfaces in storage

The deeper the arrangement of the cellar is planned, the more serious are the requirements for its waterproofing. If everything is done correctly during the construction phase, then the cost of thermal insulation will be negligible.

The fact is that it is much more difficult to bring an already damp storage into proper condition. Therefore, before starting construction work, you need to know the depth of groundwater and soil freezing in the winter season in a specific place.

If the groundwater level is low, it is enough to fill in the concrete floor, and plaster and whitewash the surface of the walls. For the arrangement of waterproofing, roofing material is used.

When the groundwater is close to the surface, then it is necessary to plaster the walls on both sides - from the inside and outside. Also, they need to be covered in several layers with roofing material based on bituminous mastic and pressed with a wall lined with red brick. In order to provide additional protection, crumpled greasy clay is applied to the brickwork in a layer 20 centimeters high.

If the storage facility is being built on sandy drained soil, its cement walls are covered in two layers with bitumen mastic and immediately sprinkled with coarse sand.

The deepened cellar is additionally waterproofed before insulation. The fact is that the walls of such buildings are located half in the ground, which means that there is a risk of flooding by groundwater. In order to prevent such a development of the situation, the underground part of the walls should be freed from the soil, covered with roofing material or treated with a waterproofing compound.

Then a polyurethane foam or hard insulation is mounted, covered with roofing material again and covered with earth. In addition to all of the above measures to minimize the effect of high humidity on the cellar, experts advise creating a drainage system.

Basement insulation from freezing from the inside

In order for the interior of the object to be protected from freezing, it is necessary to insulate the cellar - the ceiling, walls, floor and all other structural elements through which heat usually leaks. For this, roofing material, expanded clay or rigid thermal insulation materials are used. The process of insulating various internal surfaces of a building has its own peculiarities.

In the cellar, it will be necessary to insulate:

• ceiling plane;
• walls;
• a door.

Floor insulation

As proven by many years of practice, the best method of floor insulation in a home cellar is the use of expanded clay in terms of the ratio between its cost and quality.

This technology assumes the following stages:

1. A layer of expanded clay gravel with fractions from 5 to 20 millimeters is poured onto the already prepared concrete floor with exposed beacons. Its height depends on the planned floor load.
2. Expanded clay is covered with a vapor barrier film with an approach to the inner wall. In this case, the size of the overlap is made in accordance with the thickness of the backfill.
3. The lighthouses are installed on the film, and the first of them is located at a distance of 30-40 centimeters from the wall, and the rest - at a distance that is equal to the length of the rule for leveling the concrete solution.
4. The reinforced screed is poured, focusing on the beacons - its thickness is determined taking into account the expected load.

In some cases, the bulk floor is insulated using sand and gravel. To do this, it is poured with hot bitumen, which performs a waterproofing function. A crushed stone-sand pillow is laid on top of it and carefully tamped.

In this case, the layer of rubble should be 10 centimeters, and the sand - 5 centimeters. Next, a rigid heat insulator is placed on the pillow, such as expanded polystyrene or expanded polystyrene, which must be poured with a reinforced concrete screed.

Ceiling insulation

Since the ceiling of a buried cellar is the most vulnerable place through which heat leakage occurs, the basement ceiling should be insulated in two layers.

Thermal insulation works are carried out in a certain sequence:

1. Plastering the ceiling surface.
2. Treatment of concrete floor slabs or timber beams with a penetrating waterproofing primer.
3. Laying rigid insulation in one layer.
4. Coating of thermal insulation with a mounting mesh.

At the end, the ceiling is whitewashed with lime, to which a little copper sulfate is added.

Wall insulation

Thermal insulation of basement walls is a labor-intensive process - in this case, preliminary preparation is required. To do this, the storage is completely empty, all racks and shelves are removed from it. Then they carefully examine the walls in order to detect defects and eliminate all existing cracks and protrusions, foaming or knocking them down.

The preparatory stage must be carried out efficiently, since all remaining errors on the surface of the walls significantly affect the correct installation of the insulation. Next, they begin to arrange waterproofing by applying a special mastic and only then start laying the foam using dowels or adhesive.

When fixing the heat-insulating material, they start from the bottom row, moving up. In this case, in each next row, the foam plate is displaced by half of the product. The joints are treated with foam, and the insulated surface is covered with a polymer mesh and then plastered.

Basement door insulation

In the case when the door leading to the cellar is located in the open air, it should be insulated. This process is carried out using rigid thermal insulation materials. They are attached to the door, and on top are sheathed with plastic, plywood or wood.

You need to pay attention to the presence of gaps between the door frame and the door. If they are found, it is necessary to use a special door insulation. It also requires checking the door for spontaneous opening, since all the heat preservation work will be in vain.

Insulation of the cellar lid

As an insulating material to prevent heat loss, foam or expanded polystyrene is usually used, which can be easily fixed with glue. From above, they are decorated with wooden elements or plastic. It is advisable to make sure that the manhole cover fits snugly against the opening. The existing slots are closed with a door seal tape.

Materials for self-insulation

When making a choice of how to insulate the basement ceiling, it is very important that the materials are of high quality. Since the domestic market of construction products offers a wide range of modern heat insulators, it will not be difficult to purchase them.

Most of the heaters used in the arrangement of basements are acceptable not only in quality, but also in cost:

• Styrofoam;
• mineral wool and fiberglass;
• polyurethane foam.

Styrofoam

It is this insulation that is most popular with consumers. It has been used in the construction industry for a long time and is appreciated for its quality, ease of installation and affordable cost. But all these advantages do not allow the use of polystyrene for thermal insulation of basements, since it is not able to qualitatively protect underground storage facilities from moisture and cold.

You need to know that water that gets on this insulation freezes on its surface and, as a result, destroys it. For this reason, the use of foam in underground storage facilities is impossible without the use of hydro and vapor barrier films. In view of the above, it is clear that as a heat-insulating material, it can be used exclusively when solving the problem of how to insulate the ceiling in the basement.

Mineral wool and fiberglass

Another popular building material is mineral wool. It is available to many consumers because of its low price. Minvata is distinguished by fire resistance, vapor permeability, environmental friendliness, thermal conductivity and a high degree of sound insulation. In addition, it is non-hygroscopic. This insulation is strong and durable, it is easy to mount it on any surfaces of different configurations.

When working with mineral wool, a home craftsman needs to provide respiratory protection, since the smallest particles of this material, like dust, rise into the air. Breathing them into humans can lead to health problems.

Also, this type of insulation emits such a harmful component as phenol. For this reason, it is necessary to work with it in a respirator, and cover the heat-insulated surface with a vapor-proof polyvinyl chloride film.

Glass wool is a type of mineral wool. It is an elastic and durable material consisting of fragile glass threads, which, breaking, dig into the skin and eyes. When working with glass wool, you should adhere to safety measures - use clothes with long sleeves, a respirator, gloves, glasses.

Polyurethane foam

A frequently used thermal insulation material is polyurethane foam (abbreviated as polyurethane foam). Its popularity is explained by such advantages as biological neutrality, ensuring the tightness of the equipped room, and high-quality protection from moisture.

Since polyurethane foam is applied to the surface in a monolithic layer, the resulting coating quickly hardens, has no visible joints and seams. Even in the case of direct moisture contact with this insulation, it does not lend itself to mold and is resistant to decay processes.

Polyurethane foam can be used for interior and exterior work. PUF has one drawback, which is the way it is applied. The fact is that its installation requires expensive equipment operating under high pressure. Construction companies can afford it. But this minus is insignificant in comparison with the obtained effective result.

Creation of ventilation in the insulated cellar

Home storage of crops and harvests for the winter certainly requires a reliable ventilation system. It is especially necessary for a warmed cellar, since in it, due to the constant positive temperature, the humidity of the air rises, as a result of which mold appears.

To prevent this, it is necessary to create air vents at the stage of construction of the storage facility - ventilation holes. They are closed in winter and kept open at other times of the year.

For example, supply and exhaust ventilation ensures the inflow and outflow of fresh air masses, while the normal temperature is provided in other ways. You can insulate the ventilation box with mineral wool and cover it with a waterproofing material. As a result, the ventilation system will function smoothly and efficiently, and the temperature in the cellar will become constantly comfortable.

When equipping a cellar, it must be remembered that its walls and other parts of the structure need careful insulation. For this, different technologies and materials are used, but the best is external insulation, waterproofing of the floor, followed by thermal protection from bulk materials.

The first step to insulate the cellar is to dig a trench around the perimeter of the walls of the cellar and level its base with rubble or sand.

Right? Many factors are taken into account here, including the level of humidity in the room and how exactly the cellar was built. For a detached building, such works are more reminiscent of the insulation of an ordinary outbuilding. And for the cellar located in the basement, much attention is paid to the internal insulation of the walls, while the external ones are simply reliably waterproofed from the influence of groundwater and soil.

Materials for warming the cellar

To work on the thermal insulation of the outer walls of the cellar, various heat insulators are used:

• Mineral wool is a traditional mineral-based material that has proven itself well in construction. It is easy to install, the weight is low. But when laying, it must be remembered that reliable waterproofing is required, otherwise the mineral wool will simply get very wet and stop performing its functions;
• expanded clay, sawdust and other bulk materials for the insulation of external walls are used less and less today, since this work is long, requiring the construction of an additional brick or block wall. The material is poured into the cavity between this wall, excellent waterproofing is provided so that moisture cannot penetrate into the structure;
• expanded polystyrene plates are the leader in use. They are used as wall insulation for a wide variety of buildings, not just cellars and basements. This is due to the acceptable cost of the material, and with its excellent properties, and extremely simple installation. In addition, polystyrene is not affected by water, that is, when laying external insulation, there is no need for a powerful layer of waterproofing;
• ecowool consists of natural cellulose, it is an excellent option for insulation. But for its application on the walls, special equipment is required, that is, an operator must be invited.

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Insulation works

During the construction of cellars, it is necessary to pay great attention to the foundation. It can be made of any type, but the foundation requires excellent insulation, since cold and moisture penetrate the room through it. Such work is closely related to the thermal insulation of floors; an additional layer of waterproofing is required.

In order to properly insulate the cellar, you need to pay attention to its floor. The order of work is as follows:

• first, a deepening is made over the area of ​​the entire floor by about 30 cm, the base of this small pit must be leveled;
• a layer of crushed stone with a height of 10 cm is poured onto the bottom;
• a sandy floor is poured onto the crushed stone, which is then carefully compacted;
• on top of the resulting protection, hot bitumen is poured in a layer, it will become an excellent waterproofing for the cellar floor;
• after the bitumen cools and dries, a screed is made from a concrete mixture.

After that, the base must be covered with a layer of film. It is laid with an overlap on the walls. This will be an excellent preparation for insulation, it is ideal for cellars and basements. After the film is laid, wooden logs are mounted on the floor, between which a natural heat insulator is poured from peat, charcoal, expanded clay, straw. Ecowool, which is of high quality and low price, is also excellent.

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Thermal insulation of walls

In the basement, walls are also insulated, not only external, but also internal. Various materials are used for this.

Exterior walls must be pre-coated with a waterproofing layer for maximum protection.

Quite often, it is for the walls that foam plates are used, which are lightweight, do not emit toxic substances when used, and are mounted quickly and easily. For external walls, this material is ideal, but for internal walls, traditional mineral wool can be used along with it.

Thermal insulation technology in this case depends on what material was chosen. In the case of foam, the work is simpler, but it is not always suitable for interior walls. The laying of mineral wool must be accompanied by its moisture protection. This can be done using special films.

If you exclude this stage, the cotton wool will quickly get wet and stop performing its functions, and for the cellar it is simply unacceptable. The installation of this heat insulator is carried out without fastening, the plates are tightly hammered between the wooden racks, after which a layer of waterproofing film is laid on top, fastened with thin slats.

When choosing a heat insulator for the inner walls of the cellar, it must be borne in mind that the temperature drops here are sharper than in other rooms, and the moisture level is higher. Therefore, it is necessary to take only those materials that are not afraid of water or that can be reliably protected from its harmful effects.

The "cake" of the wall is as follows:

• cellar wall;
• expanded polystyrene plates, which are attached to a layer of a special adhesive solution;
• a layer of plaster with a special reinforcing fiberglass mesh;
• second layer of plaster;
• a layer of protective primer paint;
• facade external decoration (usually the walls are painted or covered with a layer of plaster).

As a heater for external work, you can take any material from the indicated ones, but it is the foam that is gaining ground more and more firmly. It is relatively inexpensive and easy to install. For fasteners, a special glue is enough, which is applied to the wall. Outside, the foam can be covered with a layer of plaster, which in itself is also an excellent insulation.