Dangerous insects in summer. Dangerous insects

Summer is the most anticipated time of the year, but only one circumstance can spoil all the pleasure of relaxation: insect bites. The heat and humidity make this situation even more unpleasant, as bites take on negative consequences, ranging from itching to severe allergies. Therefore, we figure out which insects are especially annoying and dangerous to health in summer.

According to Sobesednik, we highlight the top 5 most dangerous insects:

1st place is occupied by wasps. Wasps usually attack people when they sense danger, but they can just sting like that - for example, if they don't like the way you smell. In order not to become a victim of a wasp, it is better not to use "sweet" perfumery and wear light-colored clothes. A wasp bite can be extremely unpleasant, especially if you are allergic. Wasps love to live in landfills, so they can carry various infections. Wasp bites can cause severe allergic reactions. If you have been bitten by a wasp and feel very unwell, it is best to see a doctor.

Photo: Wikipedia

2nd place is occupied by midges. Midges do not bite like other summer aggressors. They gnaw out a piece of skin, which makes the bites itchy more, heal more slowly and it is easier to infect them when scratching. The midge does not possess any special character and habits - it attacks everything that emits heat with clouds.

Photo: Wikipedia

Flies take the 3rd place. It is believed that flies begin to bite only towards the end of summer, but this is not so: not all flies bite, but only blood-sucking ones. These insects carry about 60 different diseases, including conjunctivitis, so their bites must be disinfected. And even more so, do not catch flies with your hands!

Photo: Dezpost.ru

We give the 4th place to fleas. Fleas bite because they cannot do otherwise. Usually fleas bite dogs and cats, but they do not disdain people either. Flea bites are easy to identify. The flea bites several times, so it leaves "tracks" of bites. In warm apartments, they can live in mattresses, animal beds, in crevices and under skirting boards.

Photo: Pixabay

5th place by right, goes to mosquitoes... The mosquito bite in summer is a classic. At the same time, having bitten a person, they secrete an anticoagulant substance that prevents blood from clotting - this is necessary so that the insect can pump it to its fullest. After the bite, an itchy, reddened spot will remain. Actually, itching is an allergy to the same anticoagulant substance. It is best not to scratch the bite site, but to cool it. Just like all blood-sucking mosquitoes, it is a carrier of various infections.

Summer has come, when many of us are drawn to nature - to the forest, to the river, to the dacha. However, do not forget about the precautions: after all, it is in the summer that insects become more active, contact with which can be harmful and even hazardous to health. Here are the most "frightening" of them.

Mites

Tick-borne encephalitis claims tens of thousands of lives every year. The risk group includes people who are in the country, walking in the forest, near the water ... Unfortunately, there are many types of ticks, and it is impossible to immediately determine whether an encephalitis tick or not. To do this, you need to conduct a laboratory study, and while you are looking for the right laboratory, time may be lost and you will get sick.

Safety measures: in order to protect themselves from ticks, experts advise to wear closed clothing, since in order to "suck", these insects are looking for unprotected parts of the body. If it's too warm outside, then at least periodically examine your body.

Ants

They can be found both at home, feeding on your supplies, and in nature. Ants bite painfully (especially red ones), and can also carry various pathogenic bacteria, for example, typhoid and cholera. In any case, it is theoretically possible.

Safety measures: while in nature, carefully look under your feet so as not to accidentally step on the anthill. If you spot ants, try to stay away. If you see an ant crawling over you, shake it off as soon as possible.

Cockroaches

Mainly in Russia there are red and black. They multiply very quickly and are able not only to eat food supplies in the room, but also to carry various infections, for example, dysentery or diphtheria. They can also crawl into natural openings on the human body, such as the auricles.

Security measures: fortunately, cockroaches are rarely seen on the street. Less often, they began to appear indoors. If you spot cockroaches, say, at your dacha, try using various baits and traps against them. By the way, cockroaches are afraid of cats that can eat them.

Fleas

Safety measures: do not come into contact with stray animals, as they are more likely to pick up fleas from them than from pets. When you come back from the street, check your clothes carefully. If fleas or larvae are noticed, it should be sanitized immediately.

Mosquitoes and flies

Mr. Smith Chetanachan / Rusmediabank.ru

We often consider them harmless, but they are not. These insects can serve as carriers of malaria, yellow fever, encephalitis, cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery. And from flies you can also get worms.

Safety Precautions: Use insect repellents and other insect repellants when you go outside. In the premises it is necessary to use mosquito nets.

Gadflies

These large, furry, large-headed flies can lay larvae inside a foreign organism, including a human, destroying its tissues. It is especially dangerous if they get into the nose, throat and eyes.

Security measures: if you notice a gadfly, it is better to move away. Use insect repellent.

Blind

They love to attack with a whole flock. Horsefly bites are very painful. Only females bite, releasing saliva with toxins and anticoagulants at the site of the bite. Such a wound does not heal for a long time. Allergic reactions and swelling may also occur. Even worse, these insects can carry pathogens such as anthrax, filariasis, or tularemia.

Security measures: the same as in the case of gadflies.

Hornets

PiccoloNamek - English wikipedia

The bite of an ordinary wasp causes pain, but the bite of a hornet (only females have a sting) is truly dangerous to life and health. The composition of the poison that the insect secretes includes histamine and toxic substances. This can lead to a strong allergic reaction, and the acetylcholine contained in the same poison causes severe irritation of the nerve endings and sharp pain at the site of the bite. In some cases, a hornet bite can lead to anaphylactic shock and death.

Security measures: the same.

Bees

Inara Prusakova / Rusmediabank.ru

very painful, swelling and redness of the skin instantly appear in their place. But if a bee bites a person who is allergic to bee venom (and there are many), it can end tragically. The victim may have a fever, chills and seizures, dizziness and vomiting. Especially dangerous are bee stings in the area of blood vessels, head and mouth. As a rule, the patient simply does not have time to provide assistance and he dies quickly.

Security measures: first of all - do not try to disturb the bee hives. If you see a bee, try not to disturb it in any way: bees rarely attack those who do not touch them, do not wave their arms, etc. Better to move away.

Blister beetle

arz, commons.wikimedia

There are about 70 species of this insect, and they are all poisonous. The body of the blister beetle contains cantharidin, a substance that, when it comes into contact with the skin, leaves blisters and abscesses (hence the name of the insect). If the poison enters the bloodstream, it negatively affects the urinary tract, which can be fatal. It is known that during the Middle Ages, killings with the help of the poison of these particular insects were widespread. People died in terrible agony, and no one could save them.

Security measures: The only way to avoid this situation is to exclude any contact with the blister beetle. If he nevertheless bit you, it is better to immediately consult a doctor.

Summer is a great time when adults and children go to rest. Many families traditionally go to summer cottages. Fresh air, vegetables and fruits straight from the garden, what could be better. But the rest is sometimes overshadowed by the bites of various insects, which are most susceptible to young children.

The bite sites swell and itch, and in some cases, the victim's condition deteriorates rapidly. You need to know what kind of insects should be feared in the country.

Many people consider these insects harmless workers who tirelessly run to the anthill all day long. In fact, ants are a danger to human health and life. Doctors are aware of the cross-reaction between wasp and ant venom.
Insects are carriers of pathogenic bacteria. can cause dangerous diseases - dysentery, salmonellosis and cholera. Carried by ants and helminth eggs;

When bitten by large forest ants, which often live in villages, a strong allergic reaction is observed. The bite site is swollen, inflamed and itchy; Large ant bites are painful due to the work of the jaws; When bitten by fiery red ants, burns remain on the body, resembling thermal ones. If a person is prone to allergies, then only 3-4 bites can provoke anaphylactic shock.

In case of ant bites, the victim should be given an antihistamine and the wounds should be treated with alcohol-containing solutions. To reduce pain, cold is applied to the blisters and smeared with Golden Star balm.

They are removed with a thread or tweezers, gently twisting together with the head. The site of the bite is smeared with iodine, the tick is handed over to the laboratory to determine whether it is a carrier of dangerous diseases.

Blind

These insects are often encountered by people who keep pets in the country. Horseflies bite very painfully. At the site of the bite, swelling and induration occurs, and the affected area becomes hot. In particularly sensitive people, the body temperature may rise.
Horseflies are carriers of dangerous diseases, which include:

Tularemia;
Anthrax;
Filariasis.

In people prone to allergies, horsefly bites cause a strong reaction. In this case, you need to urgently consult a doctor.

To reduce pain, the wound is washed with vodka or hydrogen peroxide, and then ice is applied. The victim is given an antihistamine.

Bees

These beneficial insects can be very dangerous to humans. Bee venom is very allergenic, even in non-allergic people, a large blister appears at the site of the bite. This can be accompanied by fever, seizures and symptoms of intoxication. The greatest danger is posed by insect bites on the head and the passage of large blood vessels. If a bee is stung in the neck, there is a great risk of suffocation.

For an allergic person, even a single bee sting can lead to anaphylactic shock and death. For a person not prone to allergies, the bite of 100 or more insects at the same time can be lethal.

When a bee stings in the head area, the victim is immediately given an antiallergic drug and taken to the hospital. Do not hesitate to see a doctor and with multiple bites.

The blister beetle is a very poisonous insect that has more than 70 varieties. The elongated body of this bug contains cantharidin, which, when it comes into contact with human skin, leaves deep abscesses and blisters. Such wounds are difficult to treat and often cause complications. If cantharidin falls into the blood of a person, then a lethal outcome is possible. In the Middle Ages, many rulers were poisoned with the poison of this bug.

After contact with the blister, the affected areas are treated with an antiseptic. The victim is given adsorbents and antihistamines.

When resting in the country, contact with insects should be avoided as much as possible. Ants, bees, ticks, horseflies and blister beetles are especially dangerous to humans. In contact with these insects, a severe allergic reaction and death is possible. Poisonous spiders are also dangerous, but they are rare in the middle lane.

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Mosquito- the most numerous and widespread bloodsucker.

Children's skin is thin enough that they are more prone to mosquito bites. Mosquitoes inhabiting central Russia are not carriers of infectious diseases. But you should be aware that mosquitoes in the area of Moscow and the Moscow region can transmit imported malaria in the summer season, although such cases are very rare.

Recently, it was found that mosquito saliva contains allergens that can cause itching, redness, and various allergic reactions. In case of redness and itching that has arisen at the site of the bite, it is necessary to wipe this place with ammonia, vodka or soda solution, put a cold compress.

In case of multiple bites, a tendency to allergic reactions, it is necessary to take an antihistamine. If the victim has swelling of the face, neck, hoarseness, difficulty breathing, you need to urgently seek medical attention. To combat mosquitoes, there are now sufficient means by which you can protect yourself and your child. These are repellents (creams, gels and ointments), electrofumigators, smoking spirals and candles. Folk remedies can also be used to control mosquitoes. It is known that mosquitoes do not tolerate the smells of tomato leaves, cloves, anise, eucalyptus, camphor, vinegar.

Mite- the most dangerous type of blood-sucking insect.

The tick bite is painless, since, together with saliva, it injects an anesthetic substance into the wound. The sucked tick, having drunk blood, increases in size by 20-25 times and takes the form of a wart. Usually, adherent adult ticks are detected by humans only after 2-3 days.

A tick can be a carrier of such serious and dangerous diseases for humans as tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease (tick-borne borreliosis). Zones where natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis are present cover a significant part of the territory of Russia: North-West region (Leningrad region, Karelia, Arkhangelsk region), Central region (Tver, Yaroslavl, Vologda and other regions), Ural (Sverdlovsk, Perm regions) , The southern part of Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Omsk, Irkutsk Regions), the Far East (Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories).

According to epidemiologists, this summer the number of cases of tick-borne borreliosis may increase, and tick-borne encephalitis, which has not previously been encountered in this territory, can reach the Moscow region.

Tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease begin with severe headache, photophobia, fever, and vomiting. In addition, the muscles are very sore. An important diagnostic sign is local skin inflammation at the site of a tick bite, with a diameter of about 10 cm.But there is also an erased course, when the above manifestations are not very pronounced, so you must definitely contact your doctor and say that there was a tick sucking. The latent period is on average 7-14 days. Therefore, one cannot be careless about the bites of this insect, and when the described signs appear, an urgent need to consult a doctor.

If you are going to go to areas endemic for tick-borne encephalitis, you need to make a prophylactic antiencephalitis vaccine. There is no vaccine against Lyme disease yet. You should be aware that when you consume goat or cow's milk from an animal bitten by an encephalitis tick, you can also contract encephalitis.

While in the forest area, you must take safety measures in the form of protective clothing and repellents. For the protection of children, preparations with a reduced content of repellent have been developed - these are Ftalar and Efkalat creams, Pikhtal and Evital colognes, and Kamarant. For children from 3 years of age, it is recommended to use the cream "Off-baby" and "Biban-gel".

Midge- these are blood-sucking dipterans, which are not very dangerous, but very annoying.

In appearance, they resemble small (up to 2 - 5 mm in size) flies. Midges widespread in Russia are not carriers of infectious diseases.

However, this does not mean that they are so harmless. The fact is that with a bite, a midge injects saliva into the wound, containing an anesthetic substance and an enzyme that prevents blood clotting. In most cases, a person or animal does not feel pain at the time of the bite. A burning sensation appears after the insect has drunk blood. By themselves, the substances of insect saliva are foreign proteins, that is, they cause an immune response in the victim's body: edema develops at the site of the bite within a few minutes, itching appears. With multiple bites, body temperature may rise.

The bite sites should not be combed, as this can introduce an infection into the wound, which will further enhance the body's immune response. With midge bites, a hot compress or showering is very good at relieving itching. The site of the bite can be lubricated with a solution of soda or any antiallergic ointment.

Horsefly- this insect is quite large, up to 3 cm, their habitat is quite extensive, but they are especially numerous in the marshy regions of Siberia.

The causative agents of diseases are relatively rarely tolerated by horseflies, but there are cases of transmission of pathogens of tularemia, anthrax and a number of other infections. A horsefly bite is a dangerous infection, which they can pick up by sowing, for example, on the "waste products" of animals.

On warm sunny days, large bovine horseflies are more active, and on cloudy days, small dark-winged horseflies are more active. Favorite habitats - near water bodies. At the time of the horsefly bite, a sharp burning sensation is felt. A white blister with redness appears around the wound, which itches. The bite site can be anointed with iodine or alcohol, ice can be applied. The baking soda solution will soothe the itching. Blindflies are attracted to dark clothing and the smell of sweat. To avoid being bitten, you need to treat your skin with a repellent.

Borers- the smallest of the blood-sucking dipterans (their total body length is 1 - 3 mm) inhabit almost a quarter of the territory of Russia, numbering over 15 genera.

In calm weather, with high air humidity, biting midges attack everything living in a swarm - from humans to amphibians. The favorite time to hunt for a person is the day. Bites from tiny bloodsuckers are usually numerous and cause very intense itching. Their saliva contains toxic substances. You can alleviate the condition by treating the bites with vodka, soda solution, cologne.

Summer is a great time for outdoor recreation, but remember that in the forest, in the country and in parks, some troubles can lie in wait. An example of this are various blood-sucking insects - mosquitoes, horseflies, midges, biting midges, ticks.

There are more than 900 species of such insects in the world. They live in different climatic zones and are active at different times of the year. Their bites can cause itching and redness, and can lead to allergic reactions or infectious diseases. In children, especially at an early age, insect bites can cause a general deterioration in well-being.

In this article, we will look at the main types of such insects, their habitats, as well as ways to protect against bites and methods to prevent complications.

Mosquito- the most numerous and widespread bloodsucker. Children's skin is thin enough that they are more prone to mosquito bites. Mosquitoes inhabiting central Russia are not carriers of infectious diseases. But you should be aware that mosquitoes in the area of Moscow and the Moscow region can transmit imported malaria in the summer season, although such cases are very rare. Recently, it was found that mosquito saliva contains allergens that can cause itching, redness, and various allergic reactions. In case of redness and itching that has arisen at the site of the bite, it is necessary to wipe this place with ammonia, vodka or soda solution, put a cold compress. In case of multiple bites, a tendency to allergic reactions, it is necessary to take an antihistamine. If the victim has swelling of the face, neck, hoarseness, difficulty breathing, then urgently seek medical help. To combat mosquitoes, there are now sufficient means by which you can protect yourself and your child. These are repellents (creams, gels and ointments), electrofumigators, smoking spirals and candles. Folk remedies can also be used to control mosquitoes. It is known that mosquitoes do not tolerate the smells of tomato leaves, cloves, anise, eucalyptus, camphor, vinegar.

Mite- the most dangerous type of blood-sucking insect. The tick bite is painless, since, together with saliva, it injects an anesthetic substance into the wound. Sucked tick after drinking blood, it increases in size by 20-25 times and takes the form of a wart. Usually, adherent adult ticks are detected by humans only after 2-3 days.

Midge- these are blood-sucking dipterans, which are not very dangerous, but very annoying. In appearance, they resemble small (up to 2 - 5 mm in size) flies. Midges widespread in Russia are not carriers of infectious diseases.

Horsefly- this insect is quite large, up to 3 cm, their habitat is quite extensive, but they are especially numerous in the marshy regions of Siberia. The causative agents of diseases are relatively rarely tolerated by horseflies, but there are cases of transmission of pathogens of tularemia, anthrax and a number of other infections. A horsefly bite is a dangerous infection, which they can pick up by sowing, for example, on the "waste products" of animals.

Borers- the smallest of the blood-sucking dipterans (their total body length is 1 - 3 mm) inhabit almost a quarter of the territory of Russia, numbering over 15 genera. In calm weather, with high air humidity, biting midges attack everything living in a swarm - from humans to amphibians. The favorite time to hunt for a person is the day. Bites from tiny bloodsuckers are usually numerous and cause very intense itching. Their saliva contains toxic substances. You can alleviate the condition by treating the bites with vodka, soda solution, cologne.

We hope that our article will help you protect yourself and your children from insects, and they will not be able to darken your vacation and communication with nature.