Remember the words from a good fairy tale: "Terem, terem, teremok. It is not low, not high." Once upon a time I did not have my own dacha and I dreamed of at least some kind of house on a plot of the smallest area.

The main thing is that it should be your own, where you could come and where to stay for a day or two. Then we had a chance to rent a summer cottage plot with a two-story building on the western outskirts of the town of Krasnogorsk near Moscow. Artists settled there and even the actor Mikhail Yuryevich Vaskov became the chairman of the cooperative. It was great to see him almost every day, and sometimes even talk about summer cottage affairs. But, as they say, nothing lasts forever under the moon and we had to leave the apartment, moving closer to the metro in the Mitino station area. But is it possible to change a dream? She stuck a splinter into the body and was not going to let go just like that. In short, six months later I already bought myself a dacha. But it turned out to be located quite far away - one and a half hundred kilometers from the northwestern outskirts of the Russian capital, where I work to this day. At first, the car still helped out, and later it began to eat so much gas that it took three thousand rubles for one trip. Now I seriously thought that if I sell a house in the private sector, which I have in one of the cities of the Krasnodar Territory, resell these six hundred square meters with two houses in the Lotoshinsky district, and take a closer place so that at least on the train you can run there- here?

Understandably, at first you will have to stay in a rented apartment, as it is now. But in a year or two, you can build something acceptable. Nothing will change for the worse, but for the better it can change easily. Yes, there is only one problem - if I could repair a leaky roof or install a new fence instead of a fallen one I could on my own, then it was the work of specialists to build a residential building from scratch. I think so. Why? Because one centimeter to the side and the wall is already crooked. Not so fixed the bar and a gap will certainly appear in the most inappropriate place. Or it will flow somewhere during a heavy rain, during the spring melting of snow. Anything can happen if an amateur, which I am in the building sciences, takes on a serious, responsible business. Is there a way out of this situation? It will certainly be found if you first think well with your head, and then make the only right decision - to turn to specialists.

Someone will still try to save money and turn to shabashniki jamshuts. But this is where the well-known Russian proverb comes into play - "a miser pays twice." First, unfortunate self-taught, and then again all the same to those professionals who will redo it. If they even agree to take on the rework.

The table above shows the data of the Terem construction company, which has been operating in the timber construction market for eight years. Yes, it is one of many, but the name has long been heard and the company has not proven itself bad, as far as I know. So why not turn to her for help? Let's check together the range of services offered and the corresponding rates. Do you mind? Go!

And what exactly do they even know how to build? Where to look? As easy as shelling pears - open a catalog on the official website and study photos, compare projects, analyze price offers. About myself, I can say that I will not pull a building of too large an area either during the construction phase or during its subsequent maintenance. Children have long become adults and independent, have gone in different directions and they will not care about how their parents are doing there and whether their roof on the second floor is leaking. A dozen or two more, if we live, and it's better to forget about the second floors. So a solid one-story dwelling is enough, where warmth and comfort would be combined.

Perhaps, in this situation, you can stop at the dacha performance. With good insulation, a simple wooden prefabricated panel house will warm you no worse than a brick one. If only there were no cracks through which the wind penetrates, the snow clogs up, storm jets flow. But this company doesn't have bad references that you can trust.

Why not? How do you like the beauty in the picture below?

I am just jittery at the sight of such buildings. How I would like to create this for myself with my own hands. And even guaranteed to cope with many types of work without problems. But to create a single whole, harmoniously combining an acceptable price and maximum practicality, an exquisite appearance and interior decoration, can only be done by those who have rich experience in similar creative processes. To my great regret, such a baggage of knowledge and skills is not yet visible behind my back. It was necessary at one time to go not to the Taganrog Radio-Technical Institute (which is in the Rostov region), but to an ordinary construction technical school or even to a vocational school, where they would teach how to use the same welding machine correctly. And then the device is there, the "Chameleon" mask is available, the electrodes have been purchased, but money cannot buy the correct welding seam. Here practice is required under the supervision of a wise mentor.

The situation is the same with wood building materials. As if I can plan and saw. But all this is at the household level - to make a shelf in the kitchen, a stand for cans in the bathroom, to grind a handle for a file. When it comes to building a house, you should not be arrogant - trust the masters. Therefore, it is better to continue consideration of the proposed buildings and go directly to the drawings. In them I was more or less taught to understand in the classroom on descriptive graphics and the preparation of term papers and theses.

Do you want me to surprise you? I did not like. Yes, discounted price. Only five hundred and eighteen thousand rubles. But how to live in such conditions when your bedroom only occupies an area of ​​less than six and a half square meters? If there is a bed two by two, then what is left - to lay a rug in front of it? It doesn't work out seriously. What is the way out of this situation - to combine two bedrooms into one? But in this case, neither invite guests, nor put things in secluded corners, because everything will be in plain sight. Most likely, the overall dimensions of six by seven are far from ideal for permanent residence. Purely on weekends, you can turn over, and even then my neighbors in the country house everything looks much cooler and they have where to sit at the table, where to lie on the soft sofa. And here the sofa itself cannot be brought in, because everywhere there are narrow passages.

But all of the above is in no way a reproach to the construction organization. In their portfolio there are other proposals with a larger area, even for single-storey buildings. You need to dig in and choose the most suitable one, which we will do. It didn't take long to search. I propose the following - to put a two-story building six by eight:

As a result, your rooms will become eight squares each, and even at the top of the attic you will get an eighteen-square one. If you do not want to spend many hours of your life in it, organize an attic-storage room there and drag all your trash there so that it does not interfere with breathing environmentally friendly air below. Only occasionally ventilate, otherwise unpleasant old smells will spread throughout the home. Good luck to you! ;-)

A good house is called a solid structure, which serves as protection from the winter cold and bad weather. It can be compared to a cozy nest, an architecturally thought out structure, and living in it is a joy.

With the growing demand for individuality, many have a desire to build their own homes away from big cities and closer to nature. Before that, you should decide what material will be used for this. For example, consider the designs of Terem timber houses, which will make your home stand out from everyone else.

Although brick and stone houses are distinguished by their durability and strength, there is a large category of people who prefer wood, as evidenced by the orders of the Terem stroy company - whose timber houses are especially popular.

Its main advantage is a living material with its own energy, which has a positive effect on the well-being of everyone who lives in a wooden building.

It was noticed long ago that even a felled tree trunk continues to "breathe", radiating heat energy, increasing the tone of life, making a barrier to man from the harmful excesses of our civilization. Wood in Russia as a building material has been used since the late centuries, when fortresses, temples, rich mansions, huts for peasants and baths were erected from it.

In addition, it was used for the construction of the master's buildings, including wells. Today, timber houses from the Terem company are modern structures.

We can talk about the benefits of wooden buildings for a long time, so let's highlight the main ones:

1. Warms up quickly and keeps normal heat and humidity conditions. This is especially noticeable during autumn and spring, when a brick house has to be periodically heated, and in winter the stove must be heated for a long time in order to keep it at a normal temperature.
2. Economic benefit., the thickness of the walls is equal to the thickness of the timber used, practically does not require finishing (if glued or profiled timber is used), which can be very expensive. The cost of a wooden house is about 30-50% less than a brick one, as evidenced by the price lists of Teremok, the construction of houses from a bar, which is the main activity.
3. Good air exchange. Using a simple or profiled timber, you get a real environmentally friendly room with natural air circulation. This factor is very important for health, especially for those who suffer from upper respiratory tract diseases.

Tip: If you or your child have asthma, a wooden house is a great option for everyday living.

Most experts agree that wood, with its good operational and technological characteristics, as well as low thermal conductivity, is a perfect building material that Nature itself gave us. This has been proven by the centuries-old history of wooden housing construction.

Over such a long period, mankind has managed to accumulate many methods of processing material and methods of constructing buildings. For example, Terem projects of wooden houses from a bar have proven themselves well. However, the search for the "ideal" wooden house continues to this day.

It is based on the optimal combination of "old-fashioned" techniques and modern technologies. A wooden house today is not only a well-known log house, but a structure that has absorbed many of the achievements of the construction industry. For example, a house made of timber will favorably emphasize its appearance.

Terem

The word "Terem", which is known to many from folk tales, is inextricably linked with wooden architecture. And, what is it actually, what does it consist of and what was it used for?

It means a tall residential building, raised from the basement, the non-residential lower floor of the building. It resembled a tower with a sloping roof, which fit into the overall architectural composition with other nearby buildings. In another way, they also called the upper tier of large residential buildings, built above the entrance.

In fact, it is a wooden frame made of coniferous or deciduous wood species. Classically, the Terem house made of timber or other material is structurally different from the huts. They have a wide and strong base, relative to the blocks built above.

All the walls of the mansion always have windows, to which were attached turrets, called watch-rooms. Usually the epithet "high" is always applied to him. On a stone foundation, it was erected with stone or wood. no more than 2-3 cm.

Types of wooden houses

According to the design features, they are divided into several types:

• frame;
• from ;
• from an ordinary bar;
• from profiled glued beams;
• log cabinets.

Wireframe

They first appeared in North America, when the first European settlers had to think about how to quickly build their own housing. It was overseas that this technology received its development and the most massive demand.

At the moment, many companies offer wooden houses built using frame technology, among which the most common are made according to the Canadian or Finnish method.

Their basis is a lumber or metal frame, subsequently sheathed with "layered" material, usually sheets of thick plywood or OSB boards, between which a heater is installed.

Due to the use of synthetic components, such a wooden house cannot be considered environmentally friendly, but in terms of the comfort of living, it is still inferior to timber or log houses. It is impossible to create the same natural air and moisture exchange in it.

Rounded log houses

These houses are usually more expensive than the previous ones, but here you can fully experience all the charms of natural wood. By moving the main labor-intensive work from the construction site to the production facility, companies are able to maintain a relatively inexpensive cost on them.

In addition, the installation process is determined at the design stage. Therefore, finished parts are brought to the construction site, which are then assembled as a designer. The thickness of the walls made of rounded logs starts from 240 mm, so such houses do not need additional insulation, which also reduces the main costs. The exterior of the houses attracts with its beauty and grace.

Log house

Until recently, one of the most common types. The cost of its construction is about 10% more expensive than houses made of rounded logs. Many simply do not take into account the fact that the cheapness of lumber is leveled by insulation work, since it does not have a thermal lock. However, it has a laminated veneer lumber Terem from which stands out favorably among the elements of the building.

Therefore, the blow-through rate of a wall made of a bar is higher than that of a correctly made and folded log. To reduce heat loss, it is sheathed on both sides, usually with clapboard or siding, which are not cheap at all.

But, despite these problems, houses built from timber were highly appreciated by consumers in the conditions of the middle and southern climatic zone. Due to the low thermal conductivity of wood, heat costs are quite adequate.

In addition to the usual timber made by sawing from a tree trunk, there is also an artificial one, which is called glued. It is a very strong but also expensive product. And yet, if you decide to use Terem materials - houses made of laminated veneer lumber will be warmer due to the fact that they do not allow air to pass through themselves, i.e. do not "breathe".

Hand cabin

An ancient and proven method of construction for thousands of years is a do-it-yourself frame. Its construction is the most laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, its price is more expensive than a house made of rounded logs, it also takes into account the "hand of the master", and not machine punching. The decoration of such a house should not be done until it has been standing for about 12 months.

Foundations of wooden houses

For large cottages, it is best to use a strip foundation. It can be divided into two types of laying - deep and superficial. The second option is closer to a wooden house, when the depth of the foundation is 300-500 mm.

Their installation does not require large financial investments and takes little time. They are used in the construction of 2-3-storey timber houses.

It is made around the perimeter of the building and under partitions, which requires significant amounts of earthwork.

Each nation is rich in its own traditions and folklore. An echo of folk tales can be found in the architecture of any country. What does the west have to offer? Gothic castles; cozy halfling-hobbit-style houses with round doors; candy houses, like the one in which Hansel and Gretel found themselves ... Russia had its own fairy tales. Our princesses lived in log cabins with carved shutters and painted windows.

Shorin's estate - Gorokhovetsky district of the Vladimir region

This fabulous house was built by Ivan Shorin, a major ship owner. At one time, the estate was an example of a bold combination of classic and modern: asymmetry and different heights were considered fashionable trends in architecture. The businessman tried not for himself: his son Mikhail lived in the estate with his family (wife, three daughters and son).

Architectural complex "Teremok" - Flenovo, Smolensk region

At the beginning of the twentieth century, philanthropist Maria Tenisheva lived in this miraculous house. The house was built by her personal order. The building is decorated with traditional heroes of fairy tales familiar to everyone from childhood. The Firebird, the golden-maned horses, the mountain snakes, the swan princess, the carved red sun - all of them found a place.
It seems that in such a house there must necessarily be a room in which Vasilisa the beautiful lives and lives. And in the backyard there is a gray wolf, which is just waiting for the order to go on an exciting journey for bulk apples.

Lace House of Europe - Irkutsk

This architectural structure is the hallmark of Irkutsk. It was built in the middle of the nineteenth century, but the name "Lace" appeared in 1907, when the skillful hands of craftsmen decorated the mansion with air carvings.

Amazingly, all this lace of platbands, shutters and other elements of the facade was made by hand, without templates in advance. And belonged to the tower of the family of merchants Shastin.

Sukachev's estate - Irkutsk

This luxurious tower was created at the end of the nineteenth century. Surprisingly, over the past years, the house has practically not decayed. The four-pitched roof is still admirable, the skillfully made fantastic dragons and stylized flowers, carved cornices and ornate fences are amazing.

Something mysterious, oriental subtly emanates from the estate: during the construction of the building, relations with our neighbors - China and Mongolia - were developing with might and main, so the Siberian craftsmen sculpted a masterpiece with a slight touch of oriental architecture. Today the estate is not empty: the building is used for literary evenings, concerts, meetings of circles, where kids are taught to sew dolls, sculpt and draw.

Only one house remained from the entire village of Pogorelovo. But what kind of house is this! The mansions were built in 1903 by the peasant Poleshov. Everything is beautiful in this mansion: the magnificent front staircase, stucco molding, magnificent stained-glass windows.
For more than forty years, the tower has been owned by the artist Anatoly Zhigalov. At one time, he bought this house from the village council, which could not decide what to do with such real estate. If not for the artist, who knows what the fate of the palace would have been today.

Teremok in the village of Kunara, Sverdlovsk region

And this house was built relatively recently - in the sixties of the twentieth century. Only one person was involved in its construction. Blacksmith Sergei Kirillov devoted thirteen years to the construction. It all started with the fact that the master decided to fix the rickety little house that he inherited.
After that, the craftsman decided to decorate the house with carved shutters and platbands, but after that he could not stop, and continued to decorate the building until it began to resemble a gingerbread house.

The decor of this house is an amazing symbiosis of fairy-tale motifs (heroes, traditional flower ornaments, horses) and Soviet symbols (sickle and hammer are ubiquitous, the inscriptions of that time: "Let there always be sunshine ...", "Our greetings to the peoples of the world").
Today the master blacksmith is no longer alive, but everyone who knew him says that this man was the same as his masterpiece: kind, open, believed in a fairy tale and a miracle.

The construction of private houses, outwardly reminiscent of the old Russian tower or merchant mansions, is becoming more and more popular. The designs of such houses are very diverse, but they are united by the fact that, as a rule, they are a wooden house with rich decoration in the form of many carved elements of the exterior and interior.

A finished project of a tower house of an unusual shape and configuration

Wood has always been considered one of the best materials for building houses, and it's not just about sustainability. Let's talk about wood as a building material and about the specifics of the construction of wooden houses in the Russian style in more detail.

Let's start with the benefits. , made in the Russian style, has the following advantages:

However, along with many advantages, wooden houses also have some disadvantages. Among them are the following:

A variant of the project of a two-story Russian tower made of wood

1. Increased level of fire hazard. This disadvantage can be minimized by applying a special one, but it cannot be completely eliminated.
2. Shorter service life compared to stone, brick and block buildings. In addition, a wooden house is more difficult to care for and maintain in good condition.
3. The construction of wooden houses requires some time after the construction for the shrinkage of the building. The only exceptions are. During the period of operation, wooden houses also shrink, which negatively affects their condition.
4. And finally, the high cost of material and construction is also a disadvantage of such buildings.

But even the presence of shortcomings in wooden houses does not affect their popularity in private construction.

Features of the exterior of the Russian house

Russian House has a variety of exteriors. A house in the Russian style can look like a fairytale tower with many carved elements, like boyar mansions with their inherent pomp, like a noble nest (the so-called Russian estate) with a strict and laconic exterior design, like a Russian hut with simple design. And the Russian style in the interior is read in each of them.

Consider the features of the internal and external design of a Russian house, made in various styles. Russian house projects can be adapted for both one-story and two-story buildings. A large number of storeys is rarely used for arranging houses in this style.
What distinguishes a house in the Russian style from all the others?

The original exterior of the wooden tower

Firstly, the construction of such houses involves the use of exclusively natural materials such as wood and natural stone. Moreover, a little stone is used in the exterior (unlike the chalet style), only for finishing the basement. And artificially aged stone is preferable.

Secondly, the presence of many, window and door openings, staircases, etc., is characteristic exclusively of Russian wooden houses.

Thirdly, the original way of laying logs (timber) "in the field". This is a stacking method in which the logs are stacked so that their edges protrude strongly at the corners of the house, where their intersection is clearly visible.

Fourthly, the presence of massive volumetric columns on the open terraces of the house and stairs in several spans.


Fifth, the equipment itself. Decorative elements in the form of weather vane look organic here.
All of the above features characterize a Russian house in the style of a choir, a tower or a Russian hut. The Russian estate is somewhat different in its exterior from them. Projects of houses in the style of a Russian estate are also diverse, but they are united by the following:

• Mainly two-story version;
• Fewer carved decor;
• The possibility of building from bricks and blocks;
• The presence of a columnar entrance to the house and a low porch;
• Conservatism and restraint in the exterior.

The Russian estate does not resemble a village dwelling, but impresses with its simplicity and refined intelligence.

The most significant buildings in Russia were erected from centuries-old trunks (three centuries and more) up to 18 meters long and more than half a meter in diameter. And there were many such trees in Russia, especially in the European North, which in the old days was called the "Northern Territory". And the forests here, where from time immemorial lived "filthy peoples", were dense. By the way, the word "filthy" is not a curse at all. Simply in Latin, paganus is idolatry. And that means that the pagans were called "filthy peoples". Here, on the banks of the Northern Dvina, Pechora, Onega, those who disagreed with the opinion of the authorities - first the princely, then the royal ones, hid for a long time. Here their ancient, unofficial was kept firmly. Therefore, unique examples of the art of ancient Russian architects have been preserved here to this day.

All houses in Russia were traditionally built of wood. Later, already in the XVI-XVII centuries, they began to use stone.
Wood has been used as the main building material since ancient times. It was in wooden architecture that Russian architects developed that reasonable combination of beauty and utility, which was then transferred to structures made of stone, and the shape and construction of stone houses were the same as those of wooden buildings.

The properties of wood as a building material largely determined the special shape of wooden structures.
On the walls of the huts there were pine and larch tarred on the root, and a roof was made of light spruce. And only where these species were rare, they used a strong heavy oak or birch for the walls.

Yes, and not every tree was chopped down, with analysis, with preparation. In advance, they looked out for a suitable pine tree and made weeds (weasels) with an ax - they removed the bark on the trunk in narrow strips from top to bottom, leaving strips of intact bark between them for sap flow. Then, for another five years, they left the pine tree to stand. During this time, she thickly secretes resin, impregnates the trunk with it. And so, in the cold autumn, while the day had not yet begun to lengthen, and the earth and the trees were still sleeping, they chopped down this tarred pine. You can't cut it later - it will start to rot. Aspen, and deciduous forest in general, on the contrary, was harvested in the spring, during sap flow. Then the bark easily comes off the log and it, dried in the sun, becomes strong as bone.

The main, and often the only tool of the ancient Russian architect was an ax. The ax, crushing the fibers, as it were, seals the ends of the logs. No wonder, they still say: "cut down the hut." And, well known to us now, they tried not to use nails. Indeed, around the nail, the tree begins to rot faster. As a last resort, wooden crutches were used.

The basis of the wooden building in Russia was the "log house". These are logs fastened ("connected") to each other in a quadrangle. Each row of logs was reverently called a "crown." The first, lower crown was often placed on a stone base - "ryazh", which was made of powerful boulders. So it is warmer and less rotting.

By the type of fastening of the logs, the types of log cabins also differed. For outbuildings, a “cut-to-cut” frame was used (rarely laid). The logs here were not stacked tightly, but in pairs on top of each other, and often were not fastened at all.

When fastening the logs "in the paw" their ends, whimsically chiseled and really like paws, did not go beyond the outside wall. The crowns here were already tightly adjacent to each other, but in the corners it could still blow out in winter.

The most reliable, warm, was considered to be the fastening of logs "in a flash", in which the ends of the logs slightly went beyond the wall. Such a strange name today comes from

comes from the word "oblon" ("oblon"), meaning the outer layers of a tree (compare "clothe, envelop, shell"). Back at the beginning of the XX century. they said: “to cut the hut into the Obolon”, if they wanted to emphasize that inside the hut, the logs of the walls are not constrained. However, more often the outside of the logs remained round, while inside the hut they were hewn to a plane - "scraped into a las" (las was called a smooth strip). Now the term "bummer" refers more to the ends of the logs protruding from the wall outward, which remain round, with a bummer.

The rows of logs (crowns) themselves were tied together with the help of internal thorns - dowels or dowels.

Moss was laid between the crowns in the frame, and after the final assembly of the frame, the cracks were caulked with linen tow. Attics were often laid with the same moss to keep warm in winter.

In terms of the plan, the log cabins were made in the form of a quadrangle ("four"), or in the form of an octagon ("octagon"). Of the several adjacent quadrangles, mainly huts were made, and the eight were used for the construction of the chorus. Often, stacking fours and eights on top of each other, the ancient Russian architect folded rich mansions.

A simple covered rectangular wooden blockhouse without any outbuildings was called a "cage". “Crate in a cage, tell a povet”, - they used to say in the old days, trying to emphasize the reliability of a log house in comparison with an open canopy - a povet. Usually the frame was placed on the "basement" - the lower auxiliary floor, which was used to store supplies and household equipment. And the upper rims of the frame expanded upward, forming a cornice - "fell".

This interesting word, derived from the verb "to fall down," was often used in Russia. So, for example, "tumblers" were called the upper cold dormitories in the house or mansions, where the whole family went to sleep in the summer (to tumble down) from a heated hut.

The doors in the cage were made as low as possible, and the windows were placed higher. So less heat left the hut.

In ancient times, the roof over the log house was made without nails - "male". For this purpose, the ends of the two end walls were made from shrinking stumps of logs, which were called "males". Long longitudinal poles were placed on them with steps - "dolniki", "lie down" (compare "lie down"). Sometimes, however, the ends of the beds, cut into the walls, were also called males. One way or another, but the whole roof got its name from them.

Roofing scheme: 1 - gutter; 2 - stupid; 3 - stamik; 4 - slag; 5 - flint; 6 - princely slega ("knes"); 7 - indiscriminate slag; 8 - male; 9 - fell; 10 - mooring; 11 - chicken; 12 - pass; 13 - bull; 14 - oppression.

From top to bottom, thin tree trunks cut down from one of the branches of the root were cut into the slopes. Such trunks with roots were called "chickens" (apparently for the similarity of the left root to a chicken paw). These upward branches of the roots supported the hollowed-out log - the "stream". Water flowing from the roof was collecting in it. And already on top of the hens and sleds they laid wide roof boards, resting with their lower edges against the hollowed-out groove of the stream. Especially carefully blocked from the rain the upper joint of the boards - "horse" ("prince"). A thick "ridge slug" was laid under it, and from above the joint of the boards, as if with a hat, was covered with a log hollowed out from below - a "shell" or "skull". However, more often this log was called "goofy" - that which embraces.

Why did they not cover the roof of wooden huts in Russia! That straw was tied in sheaves (bunches) and laid along the roof slope, pressing with poles; then they splintered aspen logs into planks (shingles) and, like scales, covered the hut in several layers. And in deep antiquity, even sod wings, turning it upside down and underlining the birch bark.

The most expensive coating was considered "tes" (boards). The word "tes" itself reflects well the process of its manufacture. A smooth, knot-free log was chipped lengthwise in several places, and wedges were driven into the cracks. The log split in this way was chopped several times along. The irregularities of the resulting wide boards were weighed down with a special ax with a very wide blade.

The roof was usually covered in two layers - "undergrowth" and "red plank". The lower layer of the tesa on the roof was also called a rock-rock, since it was often covered with “rock” (birch bark, which was chopped off from birches) for tightness. Sometimes they arranged a roof with a kink. Then the lower, flatter part was called "police" (from the old word "floor" - half).

The entire pediment of the hut was importantly called "brow" and was abundantly decorated with magical protective carving.

The outer ends of the under-roof slabs were covered from the rain with long planks - "pricks". And the upper joint of the pischelin was covered with a patterned hanging board - a “towel”.

The roof is the most important part of a timber structure. “There would be a roof over your head,” people still say. Therefore, over time, it became a symbol of any house and even an economic structure, its "top".

In ancient times, any completion was called "riding". These tops, depending on the wealth of the building, could be very diverse. The simplest was the "cage" top - a simple gable roof on a cage. The "cubic top" was intricate, reminiscent of a massive four-sided onion. The towers were decorated with such a top. The "barrel" was quite difficult to work with - a gable pavement with smooth curved outlines, ending with a sharp ridge. But they also made a "baptismal barrel" - two intersecting simple barrels.

The ceiling was not always satisfied. When firing stoves "in black" it is not needed - the smoke will only accumulate under it. Therefore, in the living quarters it was done only with the firebox "in white" (through a pipe in the oven). In this case, the ceiling boards were laid on thick beams - "matrices".

The Russian hut was either a "four-walled" (simple cage), or "five-walled" (a cage, partitioned off by a wall inside - a "cut"). During the construction of the hut, auxiliary rooms were added to the main volume of the cage ("porch", "canopy", "yard", "bridge" between the hut and the yard, etc.). In Russian lands, not spoiled by heat, they tried to put the whole complex of buildings together, to press them together.

There were three types of organization of the complex of buildings that made up the courtyard. A single large two-story house for several related families under one roof was called a "purse". If the utility rooms were attached to the side and the whole house took the form of the letter "G", then it was called a "verb". If the outbuildings were adjusted from the end of the main frame and the whole complex was pulled into a line, then they said that it was a "timber".

A "porch" led into the house, which was often arranged on "supports" ("outlets") - the ends of long logs released from the wall. Such a porch was called "hanging".

The porch was usually followed by a "canopy" (canopy - a shadow, a shaded place). They were arranged so that the door did not open directly to the street, and the heat did not come out of the hut in winter. The front part of the building, together with the porch and the entryway, was called in ancient times "sprout".

If the hut was two-story, then the second floor was called "povetya" in outbuildings and "upper room" in the living quarters.
On the second floor, especially in outbuildings, was often led by "import" - an inclined log platform. A horse with a cart laden with hay could climb along it. If the porch led directly to the second floor, then the porch area itself (especially if there was an entrance to the first floor under it) was called a "locker".

There were always a lot of carvers and carpenters in Russia, and it was not difficult for them to carve the most complex floral ornament or reproduce a scene from pagan mythology. The roofs were decorated with carved towels, cockerels, skates.

Terem

(from the Greek. Shelter, dwelling) the upper residential tier of the Old Russian choir or chambers, built above the upper room, or a detached high residential building on the basement. The epithet “high” has always been applied to the tower.
Russian terem is a special, unique phenomenon of centuries-old folk culture.

In folklore and literature, the word terem often means a rich house. Russian beauties lived in epics and fairy tales in tall mansions.

The mansion usually housed a light room with several windows, where women were engaged in needlework.

In the old days, the tower, towering over the house, was customary to decorate richly. The roof was sometimes covered with real gilding. Hence the name golden-domed tower.

Around the towers, gulbis were arranged - parapets and balconies, fenced with railings or gratings.

The Terem Palace of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Kolomenskoye.

The original wooden palace, Terem, was built in 1667-1672 and impressed with its magnificence. Unfortunately, 100 years after the start of its construction due to dilapidation, the palace was dismantled, and only thanks to the order of Empress Catherine II, before its dismantling, all measurements, sketches were previously made and a wooden model of the Terem was created, according to which it became possible to restore it today ...

During the time of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the palace was not only a resting place, but also the main country residence of the Russian sovereign. It hosted meetings of the Boyar Duma, councils with heads of orders (prototypes of ministries), diplomatic receptions and military reviews. The timber for the construction of the new tower was brought from the Krasnoyarsk Territory, then it was processed by craftsmen near Vladimir, and then it was delivered to Moscow.

Izmailovsky Tsar's Terem.
It is made in the classic old Russian style and has incorporated architectural solutions and all the most beautiful of that era. Now it is a beautiful historical symbol of architecture.

The Izmailovsky Kremlin appeared quite recently (construction was completed in 2007), but immediately became a prominent landmark of the capital.

The architectural ensemble of the Izmailovo Kremlin was created according to the drawings and engravings of the royal residence of the 16th - 17th centuries, which was located in Izmailovo.